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    Introduction To Dermatology: Marwa El-Samongy

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    Abdalla esayed
    The skin has several important functions, including protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D production. It consists of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of keratinocytes and contains melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The dermis lies beneath and contains collagen, elastic fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Dermatologic lesions can be primary like macules, papules, vesicles, or pustules, or secondary like erosions, ulcers, scars, or excoriations from scratching.

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    Introduction To Dermatology: Marwa El-Samongy

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    Abdalla esayed
    38 views16 pages
    The skin has several important functions, including protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D production. It consists of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of keratinocytes and contains melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The dermis lies beneath and contains collagen, elastic fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Dermatologic lesions can be primary like macules, papules, vesicles, or pustules, or secondary like erosions, ulcers, scars, or excoriations from scratching.

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    The skin has several important functions, including protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D production. It consists of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of keratinocytes and contains melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The dermis lies beneath and contains collagen, elastic fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Dermatologic lesions can be primary like macules, papules, vesicles, or pustules, or secondary like erosions, ulcers, scars, or excoriations from scratching.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views16 pages

    Introduction To Dermatology: Marwa El-Samongy

    Uploaded by

    Abdalla esayed
    The skin has several important functions, including protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D production. It consists of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of keratinocytes and contains melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The dermis lies beneath and contains collagen, elastic fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. Dermatologic lesions can be primary like macules, papules, vesicles, or pustules, or secondary like erosions, ulcers, scars, or excoriations from scratching.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    Introduction to Dermatology

    By
    Marwa El-Samongy
    Lecturer of Dermatology and Venereology
    Tanta University
    Functions of the Skin:
    • Protective covering for the body and internal organs.

    • A mirror for internal organs

    • Excretory function through sweating

    • It regulates the body temperature

    • A sensory organ containing nerve endings for all sensations

    • Vitamin D is formed in the skin from dietary sterols by sunlight.

    • Its melanin content protects it against malignant changes.

    • Immunological functions
    Histology of the skin
    The skin consists of two layers:
    1- Superficial layer (Epidermis)

    2- underlying layer of connective tissue (Dermis).

    N.B
    ❖Another layer of connective tissue loose in texture lies
    beneath the dermis (Hypodermis), and provides fixation of
    the skin and allows a great deal of its movement.

    ❖The skin possesses appendages which are the sweat


    glands, sebaceous glands, hairs and nails
    Epidermis

    Keratinocytes Dendritic cells

    1- Basal cell layer (stratum germinativum)


    -Melanocytes

    2- Squamous layer (stratum malpighii) -Langerhans cells

    3- Granular cell layer (stratum granulosum)

    4- Stratum lucidum

    5- Stratum corneum
    Dermis:
    -Fibrous tissue -Collagen

    -Elastic fibers -Blood vessels

    separated from the epidermis by the basement membrane, which needs


    periodic acid schief stain (PAS) to be seen.

    Its superficial layer forms upward projections called dermal papillae. The
    epidermis in between these dermal papillae is called rete ridges .

    The dermis contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. It
    contains also blood vessels and nerves. The latter pierce the basement
    membrane to reach the epidermis while the blood vessels cannot do so. So,
    the epidermis is a non-vascular stratified epithelium.
    Dermatologic Lesions

    Primary Secondary

    -Macule -Patch -Crust


    -Wheal
    -Papule -Nodule -Scab -Plaque
    -Burrow
    -Vesicle -Pustule -Erosion-Bullae -Ulcer
    -Comedones
    -Tumour -Fissure
    -Scales
    -Excoriation (scratch marks)
    •Erosion: Localized loss of epidermis alone, it heals without scar.

    •Ulcer: Is dissolution of continuity of the skin, i.e. localized loss of


    substance of dermis as well as epidermis.

    •Scar: Is a fibrous tissue replacement of the skin substance after


    healing of defects or ulcers.

    •Fissure: Is a crack i.e. linear discontinuity which is sharply defined


    and has two opposing walls.

    •Excoriation (Scratch mark): Is a superficial linear discontinuation


    of the skin.

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