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com
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ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect
Procedia
Available Computer
online Science 00 (2021) 000–000
at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000
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ScienceDirect
Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75

Sixth
Sixth Information
Information Systems
Systems International
International Conference
Conference (ISICO
(ISICO 2021)
2021)

Digital
Digital economy
economy research:
research: Thirty-five
Thirty-five years
years insights
insights of
of retrospective
retrospective
review
review
Agung
Agung Purnomo
Purnomoa,*,
a,
*, Triana
Triana Susanti
Susantib,, Elsa
b
Elsa Rosyidah
Rosyidahc,d,, Nuzula
c,d
Nuzula Firdausi
Firdausid,, Mohammad
d
Mohammad
Idhom
Idhom
e
e
a
Entrepreneurship Department, Bina Nusantara University, Jl. K.H. Syahdan No. 9 Kemanggisan, Jakarta, Indonesia
b Entrepreneurship Department, Bina Nusantara University, Jl. K.H. Syahdan No. 9 Kemanggisan, Jakarta, Indonesia
a
Accounting Department, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mahardhika, Jl. Wisata Menanggal No. 42, Surabaya, Indonesia
b
Accounting Department, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mahardhika, Jl. Wisata Menanggal No. 42, Surabaya, Indonesia
c
Departement of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Teknik Kimia Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia
c
Departement of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Teknik Kimia Sukolilo, Surabaya, Indonesia
d
Institute for Research and Community Services, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, Jl. Monginsidi Kav DPR No.Dalam, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
d
Institute for
e Research and Community Services, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo, Jl. Monginsidi Kav DPR No.Dalam, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Departement of Computer Science, UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Jl. Rungkut Madya No.1 Gn. Anyar, Surabaya, Indonesia
Departement of Computer Science, UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Jl. Rungkut Madya No.1 Gn. Anyar, Surabaya, Indonesia
e

Abstract
Abstract
Research on the digital economy continues to develop but is limited to one country and/or field. From a bibliometric retrospective
Research on the digital economy continues to develop but is limited to one country and/or field. From a bibliometric retrospective
review, this study purposes to visually research mapping and research trends in the field of the digital economy on an international
review, this study purposes to visually research mapping and research trends in the field of the digital economy on an international
scale. This study used bibliometric techniques with secondary data from Scopus. Analyze and visualize data using the VOSViewer
scale. This study used bibliometric techniques with secondary data from Scopus. Analyze and visualize data using the VOSViewer
program and the analyze search results function on Scopus. This study analyzed 2,784 scientific documents published from 1984
program and the analyze search results function on Scopus. This study analyzed 2,784 scientific documents published from 1984
to 2019. This study proposes a grouping of digital economy research themes: Information systems, Digitization, E-commerce,
to 2019. This study proposes a grouping of digital economy research themes: Information systems, Digitization, E-commerce,
Education, Engineering, Marketing, Industrial revolutions, and Information technology, abbreviated as IDEEEMII research
Education, Engineering, Marketing, Industrial revolutions, and Information technology, abbreviated as IDEEEMII research
themes.
themes.
© 2021
© 2021 The
The Authors.
Authors. Published
Published by
by Elsevier
ELSEVIER B.V.B.V.
© 2021
This is The
an Authors.
open accessPublished
article by ELSEVIER
under the CC B.V.
BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
This
This is
is an
an open
open access
access article
article under
under the
the CC
CC BY-NC-ND
BY-NC-ND license
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review
Peer-review under responsibility
under responsibility of
responsibilityof the
ofthe scientific
thescientific committee
scientificcommittee of the
theSixth
committeeofofthe SixthInformation Systems
Information International
Systems Conference.
International Conference.
Peer-review under Sixth Information Systems International Conference.
Keywords: Bibliometric; digital economy; research themes; research trends; research mapping
Keywords: Bibliometric; digital economy; research themes; research trends; research mapping

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62-21-534-5830; fax: +62-21-530-0244.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62-21-534-5830; fax: +62-21-530-0244.
E-mail address: [email protected]
E-mail address: [email protected]
1877-0509 © 2021 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.
1877-0509 © 2021
This is an open Thearticle
access Authors. Published
under by ELSEVIER
the CC BY-NC-ND B.V.(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
license
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Sixth Information Systems International Conference.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Sixth Information Systems International Conference.

1877-0509 © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Sixth Information Systems International Conference.
10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.119
 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75 69
2 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000

1. Introduction

The growth and advancement of digital or electronic technology at present, which allows us to move information
or goods quickly is a fundamental trend in the development of all economic sectors [1]. Topics such as the digital
economy, the Internet of Things, and the information society are assumed to be important contributors to the
development of countries dependent on their national economy's competitiveness. There is no question that all aspects
of government operation must be impacted by the digital economy, but first, the manufacturing industry, which serves
as an engine of economic development, must endure a digitalization [2]. As a consequence of technological
innovations and the development of a simple information economy, the idea of a digital economy has arisen [3]. The
digital economy is an economic, social, and cultural attachment whose focus is on the use of electronic communication
and information technology [4]. The digital economy in modern civilization has a special role in the development of
people's standard of living [5].
The digital economy appears as a new keyword recently [6] which is the direction of breakthrough [1] as well as
the main determinant in global economic growth and development [7]. The development of the digital economy
certainly contributes to business development and the use of innovative technology [8] thus providing new
opportunities for companies [9]. The digital economy enables companies to create business value by utilizing the
internet to expand their reach [10]. The objective of applying information and communication technology has become
common in various fields of endeavor as part of the growth of the digital economy in many nations. Since digital
technology is the foundation for numerous knowledge frameworks and systems to communicate effectively [11]. The
creative industry also grows and develops in line with digital access [12]. The advantages and opportunities of the
digital economy are not in doubt. But on the other hand, the risks and challenges of using the digital economy that
threaten the development of a new model of the economic sector are also inevitable. In this context, digital consumer
literacy is very important [13].
Research related to the digital economy in computer science, management, and industry has been carried out and
developed at the international level over the last few years. However, previous studies on the topic of the digital
economy have usually been limited to one country in particular [14], [15], one field [16]. There hasn't been much
reported on the digital economy, despite providing a large image map visualized on a global scale year after year using
data from many published studies. There has been no publication that directly discusses the strong positive relationship
between scholars and scholarly studies' influence.
This study aims to visually study mapping and research trends in the field of the digital economy on an international
scale from a bibliometric retrospective review. One of the methods used to view research, in general, is the bibliometric
method. Bibliometrics is a method for measuring and analyzing scientific references with a combination of
mathematical and statistical methods. Bibliometrics is a statistical technique for analyzing bibliometric publication
data such as peer-reviewed journal articles, reports, reviews, books, periodicals, conference proceedings, and related
publications. Bibliometric methods have been widely used to present the relationship between quantitative methods
and the research domain [17]. This study proposes research questions, what is the mapping and trend of digital
economy research using visual bibliometric analysis.

2. Research Method

This study uses bibliometric analysis in a comprehensive literature database. Bibliometrics can measure research
productivity at the levels of individual, institutional, and international. In order to search for and classify similar
documents in the global academic Scopus database, this survey listed important keywords related to the digital
economy publication. Researchers have used the Scopus database as the main source of information because it is
considered a reliable source of scientific publications by academics.
This study uses the keyword "digital economy" in the keyword title, abstract, and author to get the required data
from the Scopus database. Data mining is limited to annual data to obtain fully published data for twelve months each
year. Data mining uses the following search query options (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("digital economy") AND (PUBYEAR
<2020). In this step, we have found 2,784 publications over the past 35 years from 1984 to 2019. In the study at this
point, Scopus result metadata was extracted in the CSV dataset format [18].
70 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75
Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000 3

The Scopus website provides a search results analysis function that displays bibliometric information from selected
publications. We have used this service to analyze and visualize the publication productivity of researchers,
institutions, and countries. Besides, this feature is to measure the number of annual publications and publication
citations, as well as the proportion of subject areas and source documents [19], [20].
In the next stage, the researcher analyzed the collected documents using VOSviewer ver. 1.6.16 for co-occurrence
and co-authorship analysis. This study has applied co-authorship analysis with the author's analysis unit and a
complete computational systematic technique using VOSViewer to obtain an international collaborative research
network of researchers. This study performs an in-depth co-occurrence analysis with keyword relationship analysis as
well as a fully systematic computational technique using VOSViewer to generate a network of keyword maps for
research themes. Each group of keywords with the same color was given a color circle to mark the cluster. Each cluster
was named by the researcher based on the keyword group and abbreviated to the name of the research theme map
[21], [22]. Simple statistics and tables have been calculated and tabulated using Microsoft Excel. Then the research
results are synthesized and triangulated.

3. Result and Discussion

This section describes the resulting data developed by the most common organizational affiliations, countries,
individual studies, the frequency of subject areas, annual source documents, annual documents, and cited papers,
research map themes, and digital economy network of authorship.

3.1. Most Productive Organizational Affiliations and Researcher of Digital Economy Research

There were 1,580 affiliated organizations that have researched the digital economy. The most productive research
affiliate in the digital economy research is the “Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University”, Russia (n =
96); “Plekhanov Russian University of Economics”, Russia (n = 77); “Financial University under the Government of
the Russian Federation”, Russia (n = 74); “Russian Academy of Sciences”, Russia (n = 63); “Lomonosov Moscow
State University”, Russia (n =34); “The St. Petersburg State University of Economics”, Russia (n = 34); “The Russian
Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration”, Russia (n = 34); “Saint Petersburg State
University”, Russia (n = 30); Kazan Federal University, Russia (n = 29); RUDN University, Russia (n = 24) as shown
in Fig. 1. It appears that all the top affiliates who have contributed a lot to publications in the digital economy were
from Russia. This is because Russia was the country that supports development and research, including in the digital
economy area.

a b

Fig. 1. The top number of digital economy publications of (a) affiliate organizations and (b) authors.

There was 2,640 individual researcher that has researched digital economy. In Fig. 1 it can be explained that the
authors with the most publications in the field of digital economy study are Bogoviz, A.V. from “Federal State
Budgetary Scientific Institution”, Russia (n = 13). Followed by Dennis, A. from Indiana University, United States (n
= 13); Bataev, A.V. from “Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University”, Russia (n = 12); King, D. from
 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75 71
4 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000

Dataffiti LLC, United States (n = 12); Shkarupeta, E. from Voronezh State Technical University, Russia (n = 9);
Watanabe, C. from the University of Jyväskylä, Finland (n = 9); Neittaanmäki, P. from the University of Jyväskylä,
Finland (n = 8); Tolstykh, T. National University of Science and Technology, Russia (n = 8); Nosova, S.S. from
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Russia (n = 7); Ragulina, J.V. from Federal State Budgetary Scientific
Institution, Russia (n = 7). It appears that the most productive individual researchers in the digital economy research
were dominated by Russia (n = 6), United States (n = 2), and Finland (n = 2). Bogoviz, A.V., and Dennis, A. are the
authors with the most contributions in the digital economy. Bogoviz, A.V. has 145 publications with an h-index of
17[23], and Dennis, A. has 162 publications with an h-index of 49 [24].

3.2. Year Documents Based on Sources of the Digital Economy Research

There were 122 publication sources that have published digital economy research. The top number of articles per
year based on sources in the digital economy research was “IOP Conference Series Materials Science and
Engineering”, SJR 0.2 (n = 60). The detail was shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Number sources based on the source of the digital economy

Scientific Source SJR Articles
“IOP Conference Series Materials Science and
0.2 60
Engineering”
“ACM International Conference Proceeding Series” 0.2 57
“Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” 0.18 47
“CEUR Workshop Proceedings” 0.18 42
“Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including
Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and
0.43 36
Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics”

The SCImago Journal Rating (SJR) ranks journals according to their average prestige per article, and the subject
area, quality, and reputation of journals by the value of a citation. The most productive journals that publish digital
economy research have SJR indicators, 0.18 - 0.43 [25].

3.3. The Digital economy Sector's Annual Publications

Fig. 2. The digital economy sector's annual publications.

72 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75
Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000 5

Scopus database records have shown that the number of annual global publications on digital economy research
tends to show an increasing trend. With 2,784 publications, Fig. 2 shows the highest publication peak in 2019. Since
1984, researchers have been researching the digital economy. The digital economy study has 510 articles in 2018, 267
articles in 2017, 149 articles in 2016, and 86 articles in 2015.

3.4. Document Cited of Digital Economy Publication

The number of citations can show the academic implications of a publication on the body of knowledge. The
topmost cited publications on digital economy research were shown in Table 2. The most cited global digital economy
publications were the work of Brynjolfsson, E., Hun, Y.J., Smith, M.D. in 2003 entitled “Consumer Surplus in The
Digital Economy: Estimating The Value of Increased Product Variety at Online Booksellers" with cited 564
documents[26].

Table 2. Number sources based on the source of the digital economy

Document topic Authors Year Source Cited by
Digital economy on Brynjolfsson, Hu, & 2003 Management Science 564
consumer surplus Smith
Digital economy on e- Swamanithan, & 2003 Management Science 322
business supply chains Tayur
Digital economy on B2B Pavlu 2002 Journal of Strategic 273
marketplace Information Systems
Digital economy on Sambamurtthy & 2000 Information Systems 244
research commentary Zmud Research
Digital economy on smart Hernandez-Munoz, 2011 Lecture Notes in 206
cities Vercher, Munoz, Computer Science
Gomez &, Pettersson

Brynjolfsson, E. and Hu, Y.J. comes from the same affiliation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United
States; while Smith, M.D., of Carnegie Mellon University, United States. The three of them come from the same
country, the United States, which is the second-largest contributor to the digital economy.

3.5. Theme Map of Digital Economy Research

The research theme map is a review that seeks to identify digital economy research based on keyword linkages
between publications. The VOSViewer software was used to evaluate and visualize the keyword schema construction
for the digital economy from the research theme map. Eight repetitions were the requirements for the minimum
number of papers related to keywords. As a result, 120 keywords out of 4,743 met the criteria.
Fig. 3 represents the seven groups of research themes for international academic publications on the digital
economy, which have been simplified and shortened to IDEEEMII research themes based on research keywords.
1. Information systems cluster (green). The keywords of automation, decision support systems, information
management, information society, information systems, and information use.
2. Digitization cluster (red). The keywords of digital, digital technologies, digitization, entrepreneurship, ICT,
innovation, technological development, and transformation have something to do with digitization.
3. E-commerce cluster (light blue). These clusters were mostly linked to the keywords of blockchain, cryptocurrency,
digitalization, e-commerce, electronic commerce, electronic money, international trade, and internet.
4. Education cluster (purple). Contains themes with keywords such as e-learning, education, education computing,
higher education, knowledge management, learning systems, and students.
5. Engineering cluster (brown). The keywords of engineering and industrial engineering dominated this cluster.
6. Marketing cluster (blue). Linked with keywords such as commerce, consumer behavior, cost, marketing, sales,
and social networking. These clusters were linked to most of these keywords.
 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75 73
6 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000

7. Industrial revolutions cluster (yellow). These clusters were mostly linked to the keywords of big data,
cybersecurity, digital transformation, industrial economics, industrial revolutions, industry 4.0, Internet of Things,
and smart city.
8. Information technology cluster (orange). These clusters were mostly linked to the keywords of digital storage, e-
government, information and communication, information security, information technology, and security of data.

Fig. 3. Research theme map.

3.6. Authorship Network

Digital economy studies have been researched by several research groups. The authorship network map was
created using the VOSViewer software, which is based on the digital economy researcher system. One paper was one
of the criteria for a minimum accumulation of research publications per researcher. As a result, 2,640 scholars were
found to meet the criteria. There were five community collaboration networks between international researchers in
digital economy research publications, as shown in Fig. 4.
There is a collaboration between Bulyga R.P., Kuznetsova I.G., Titova S.V., Rakhmatullina L.V., Zakirov R.A.,
Shichiyakh R.A., (red cluster) as the title of the publication "Problems and prospects of human capital development
in Modern Russia" [27]. Likewise with the collaboration between Surikov Y.N., Voronkova O.Y., Aleynikova M.Y.
et al. (blue cluster) such as the publication title "The methodological aspects of human capital formation in the digital
economy” [28]. Also, there is a collaborative writer between Ivashina N.S., Goloshchapova L.V., Tkachev B.P. et al.
(yellow cluster) as the publication title "The paradigm of human capital development capable of adapting innovations
in the transition to a digital economy” [29]. As for the collaboration of the authors on the purple and green clusters,
they come from the same country, Russia [30], [31].
74 Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 197 (2022) 68–75
Agung Purnomo et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2021) 000–000 7

Fig. 4. Authorship network map.

4. Conclusion

According to the results, the number of international publications on the digital economy, as well as maps and
visual trends, continues to increase every year. With 60 papers published in the digital economy, the publication source
was the “IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering”. Bogoviz, A.V., and Dennis, A. was the most
published individual academic researcher in the digital economy research, with 13 articles. In 2019, the largest number
of academic publications in the field of digital economy research, with 954 papers published worldwide. The
publications Brynjolfsson, Hu, & Smith received the most citations in 2002 about the digital economy on consumer
surplus. The issuance of the digital economy was linked to five collaborative research groups.
This study proposes a convergence axis classification, which includes publications in the digital economy, to
categorize the body of knowledge generated during thirty-five years of academic publications in terms of contribution
of knowledge: Information systems, Digitization, E-commerce, Education, Engineering, Marketing, Industrial
revolutions, and Information technology, abbreviated as IDEEEMII research themes. As a practical result of
identifying key themes in the field of the digital economy, practical studies are needed to clarify the background and
general subjects, as well as study gaps, there is a clearer understanding of their needs. All of this will assist in new
development and research on the lack of expertise and further analysis of these disciplines. The potential of the digital
economy to contribute to financial, economic, entrepreneurship, and technological concerns is a theme that is often
studied.

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