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    Chapter-1 Vedic

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    ojjeswi gautam
    This document provides information on architecture during the Vedic period in ancient India (1500-800 BC). Some key points: 1. Aryan settlers lived nomadically at first before establishing villages along rivers for agriculture. Their houses were circular or rectangular structures made of bamboo and thatch. 2. The Vaastu-Purush-Mandala model conceptualized the relationship between humans, buildings, and nature. It influenced architectural layouts with zones for different castes. 3. Towns like Kashi followed grid patterns. Palaces for kings had central courtyards while commoners' homes were square structures. Timber was the main building material.

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    Chapter-1 Vedic

    Uploaded by

    ojjeswi gautam
    57 views33 pages
    This document provides information on architecture during the Vedic period in ancient India (1500-800 BC). Some key points: 1. Aryan settlers lived nomadically at first before establishing villages along rivers for agriculture. Their houses were circular or rectangular structures made of bamboo and thatch. 2. The Vaastu-Purush-Mandala model conceptualized the relationship between humans, buildings, and nature. It influenced architectural layouts with zones for different castes. 3. Towns like Kashi followed grid patterns. Palaces for kings had central courtyards while commoners' homes were square structures. Timber was the main building material.

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    Chapter-1_Vedic

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    This document provides information on architecture during the Vedic period in ancient India (1500-800 BC). Some key points: 1. Aryan settlers lived nomadically at first before establishing villages along rivers for agriculture. Their houses were circular or rectangular structures made of bamboo and thatch. 2. The Vaastu-Purush-Mandala model conceptualized the relationship between humans, buildings, and nature. It influenced architectural layouts with zones for different castes. 3. Towns like Kashi followed grid patterns. Palaces for kings had central courtyards while commoners' homes were square structures. Timber was the main building material.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views33 pages

    Chapter-1 Vedic

    Uploaded by

    ojjeswi gautam
    This document provides information on architecture during the Vedic period in ancient India (1500-800 BC). Some key points: 1. Aryan settlers lived nomadically at first before establishing villages along rivers for agriculture. Their houses were circular or rectangular structures made of bamboo and thatch. 2. The Vaastu-Purush-Mandala model conceptualized the relationship between humans, buildings, and nature. It influenced architectural layouts with zones for different castes. 3. Towns like Kashi followed grid patterns. Palaces for kings had central courtyards while commoners' homes were square structures. Timber was the main building material.

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    of 33

    HIS 272

    History of Architecture-I
    COURSE TUTOR: AR. NEETI LAMICHHANE
    PART B: 1- EARLY CIVILIZATION, INDUS & VEDIC PERIOD

    Hindu architecture: Vedic period. (B.C. 1500 – 800)


    Origin
    • Aryan movement through Mesopotamia, Persia, Bactria, Baluchistan -
    -Indus Valley.
    • Being Nomadic they did not care about living in towns and destroyed
    the settlements existing there
    • Rich pastures, forests and agricultural land brought more Aryans in
    due course.
    Aryan VILLAGES ON BANKS OF RIVERS
    • Better economy led to stability and social organization
    • Nomads become agricultural.
    Vedic culture/period : origin

    • This culture provides the materials for building construction


    when man’s efforts were made in response to a need
    • Produced the elementary type of forest dwelling
    • The Vedic culture gives a much deeper meaning to the word
    “tradition”
    • Tradition
    Rituals
    Knowledge Vedas & Upanishads
    Experiences
    • Each contributor built on what the previous
    had done, cumulating in a systematic exposition
    of the structure of pure consciousness

    • The techniques sustained the tradition and


    gave it substance through making the
    experience available
    Vedic civilization centered around the discovery of
    pure consciousness and gave a monumental
    depiction of this structure of eternal
    consciousness.
    • Bamboo and thatch houses: Circular plan- Conical/
    Domical roof
    •Rectangular one-room buildings with bamboo barrel
    vaults
    • arrangement around open courts.
    • Fenced in villages with gateways to protect from wild
    animals
    • this feature was later adopted for toranas of the
    Buddhists
    Vedic culture
    Vaastu-Purush-Mandala

    • During this period, man's primary concern was to define


    himself in relation with the
    Society
    Nature
    Environment
    Universe
    Cosmos

    • Circle was supposed to represent cosmos


    • Buildings were the models of the cosmos
    Vaastu-Purush-Mandala
    Vaastu-Purush-Mandala

    • The Vaastu-Purusha-Mandala is a model of the universe that


    provides a few fundamentals for designing

    • The Mandala is metaphoric expression of the plan

    • Exhibiting the connection between people, built structures


    & nature

    • Vaastu means built environment seen in relation with


    nature
    Architectural Style

    • Vaastushastra provided guidelines for planning villages &


    building

    • Structures are in complete harmony with the cosmic forces

    • They harmonized with Panchamahabutas


    Prithivi (Earth)
    Aakash (Space)
    Vaayu (Air)
    Jal (Water)
    Agni (Fire)
    Architectural Style

    • Palaces of Kings & Noble men, designed on the basis of this


    principles

    • Kings palace used to be a square plan

    • Structure of 162 ft side on a four Hasta (6ft) grid

    • Width of brick masonry wall used to be 1/16 of the span of


    the rooms

    • Pillars- 14 inches wide at the base


    10 inches at the capital
    Architectural Style

    • Minister, royal priests, astrologers & physicians were also


    provided residential accommodation in a square planned
    structure

    • Brahmins, Kshatriyas , Vaishyas & Shudras had their


    residential units in square planned structures
    Architectural Style

    Plan,Vardhmaan Vaastu, Residential Unit


    Aryan Settlement Pattern
    Timber posts
    and head

    Bamboo
    threaded
    through
    Group of holes in
    Houses post
    Fencing Element
    Fence

    Gateway
    Vedic Village
    • No temples in early days: early Vedic
    Devas: The sky father - Jupiter,
    Surya - sun god,
    Agni- fire god,
    Indra- rain god.
    Prominence of Sacrifices in ritual /religious
    practice: The Vedas
    Fire altars / Sacrificial altars
    Mixing of Aryan and Dravidian traditions led to
    development of Hinduism
    Sybolism of Circle and Square
    Circle: Growth and movement
    Square: Order, finality,
    perfection
    Priests dominance 'Village
    Sabhas' -elected chiefs -Kings
    by 800 BC -Bisnu incarnate
    Kingdoms of Kashi, Koshala
    and Magadha, Republic of
    Vrijs
    Town Planning
    • Large towns develop as trading centers/
    capital
    • Kashi, Kaushambi (near Allahabad), Rajgir
    (Rajgriha capital of Magadha) Ayodhya, Sravasti,
    Tilaurakot (capital of the Sakyas) etc.
    • No physical remains, built over and over again
    • Towns in grid pattern
    • Kautilya /Chanakya wrote the summary:
    Arthasastra
    Town planning

    Towards the middle of the first millennium B.C., the


    social system of the community was expanded and
    town arose at certain important centre.

    • The structural feature of village reproduced on a larger


    scale.

    • Because of the rival group the towns and cities were


    strongly fortified.

    • Within the city enclosure the buildings were almost


    entirely of wood.
    Town planning

    • The Vedic civilization then entered on an era of


    timber construction.

    • The timber age appears to have been a long one


    within the early inhabitants of India.

    • In the Rig – Veda the carpenter is recorded as


    holding the place of honor among all artizans.
    Vedic Culture: Town planning

    An architect named Maha-Govinda have been


    responsible for the layout of several capitals of the
    northern India in the fifth century B.C.
    • These cities were rectangular in plan

    • Divided into four quarters by two main thoroughfares


    intersecting at right angles leading to a city gate.

    • Four quarters-
    citadel and royal apartment,
    residences of the upper class,
    middle class and
    traders with their workshops.
    Building art

    • Although the long intervals of two thousand years


    separate, the Vedic palaces and Mughals have some
    similarities-
     Inner courtyard within the citadel
     large central window for the darshan
     A wing for royal ladies with garden
     Assembly hall and court for justice
     Music gallery, arena for wrestling displays
    • Difference is the Mughals palaces were made of marble
    whereas the Vedic era was had not advanced beyond
    wooden construction.
    Boundary wall
    Caste system and House forms

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