ENGLISH TENSES

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan
untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus Kata Sinyal Kalimat Positif Kalimat Negatif Kalimat Tanya

Does he work very

always, every, never,
Subject + Verb He always works He does not hard in the
normally, often,
1 (present very hard in the work very hard company?
sometimes, usually,
form) company in the company. Yes, he does. / No,
seldom
he does not.

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat
pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + Is he playing
am/is/are + at the moment, just Look! He is talking He is not playing computer games
Verb -ing now, now, right now,with his computer games at the moment?
(continuous Listen!, Look! classmates. now. Yes, he is. /      No,
form) he is not.

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Has he completed
Subject +
already, ever, just, the arrangement
has/have+ He has already He has not been
never, not yet, so for the coming
Verb III (past finished his to Australia so
far, till now, up to event up to now?
participle homework. far.
now Yes, he has. /   
form)
No, he has not.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk  mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu
titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya
aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + Has he been

HAS/HAVE + for the past 5 years, playing the
He has been He has not been
BEEN + Verb - how long …?, the computer game
working here speaking for the
ing whole week, since all day?
since 1996. last 3 hours.
(continuous xxxx Yes, he has. /   No,
form) he has not.

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

yesterday, 2 minutes Did he pay the bill

Last year, he He did not go to
Subject + Verb ago, in 1996, last yesterday? Yes, he
always worked school this
II (past form) Thursday, this did. /    No, he did
into night. morning.
morning not.

 Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu
tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi
kejadian yang lain.Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Was he writing
Subject + He was not the letter to his
WAS/WERE + when, while, as long He was speaking doing his parents when I
Verb -ing as, at this time when I entered in homework at was out last
(continuous yesterday room. this time Tuesday?
form) yesterday. Yes, he was. / No,
he was not.
 Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu
tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Had he entered
the company
Subject + HAD before yesterday, till He had finished He had not been before he
+ Verb III (past three days ago, his designs before a high school achieved his
participle already, until that he went to work student until last master degree in
form) day yesterday. year. 1990?
Yes, he had. /  
No, he had not.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu
di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Had he been
Subject + HAD He was told that
He said that he speaking for the
+ BEEN + Verb his teacher had
for, since, the whole had been working whole class
-ing been waiting for
day, all day here for ten before I entered?
(continuous him since 2 p.m
years. Yes, he had. / No,
form) yesterday.
he had not.
Simple Future Tense

Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi.
Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum
pada tenses ini.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He will not play

Subject + computer games Will he go to the
He is going to be
“WILL/ BE in a year, next …, anymore cinema tomorrow
journalist after he
GOING TO” + tomorrow, next because he with us?
graduate next
Verb (present week, five days later understand how Yes, he will. / No,
year.
form) harmful they he will not.
are.

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang
dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He will be
Subject + He will not be Will he be playing
delivering the
“WILL/BE doing the task football next
speech to
GOING TO” + tomorrow morning, in the office this morning in the
undergraduates
“BE” + Verb in one year afternoon playground?        
at 3 p.m
(continuous because he is Yes, he will./     No,
tomorrow
form) sick. he will not.
afternoon.

Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + He will not have Will he have

“WILL HAVE” + He will have finished the finished the task
by next Monday, in a
Verb II (past finished the task given task by in a week?         
week
participle by next Monday. tomorrow Yes, he will./    No,
form) evening. he will not.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense
merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi  sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Subject + Will he have been

“WILL HAVE He will have been He will not have doing the
BEEN” + Verb for the last couple of taking charge of been doing the research all day
III (past hours, all day long the team for the task for the last long?              Yes,
participle next hour. couple of hours. he will./    No, he
form) will not.

Past Future Tense

Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat
perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He did not Did you tell him

Subject +
He said that he promise that he when I would
“SHOULD/WOULD”
would leave in would buy you arrive?             
+ Verb (present
three days. a new Yes, I did. /    No, I
form)
computer. did not.

Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi.   Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

I did not tell

I made a promise Did you say that
anyone that I
Subject + that I would be you would be
would be giving
“SHOULD/WOUL doing my working hard in
a speech to
D BE” + Verb homework all the next week?  
undergraduates
(continuous form) day long Yes, I did /       
for the next
tomorrow. No, I did not.
whole morning.
Past Future Perfect Tense

Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan
datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang
akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

He told the He said that he Did you say that

Subject +
students that would not have you would have
“SHOULD/WOUL
they should have made such a been a doctor in
D HAVE BEEN” +
finished the mistake if he three years?
Verb III (past
homework this had taken my Yes, I did /        
participle form)
morning. advice. No, I did not.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat
mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada
durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Pattern Signal Words Affirmative Negative Question

Would he have
I did not know been explaining
Subject + I heard that you
that he would to the workers if
“SHOULD/WOUL should have been
have been he had made the
D HAVE BEEN” + teaching here for
working for the information
Verb (continuous ten years by this
past three hours clear?
form) July.
by that time. Yes, he would /
No, he would not.