Chloe Brylle S. Roldan

BANANA AND SANTAN LEAF SAP AS ALTERNATIVE INGREDIENTS FOR INK PRODUCTION
Chloe Brylle S. Roldan
Lyra Pauleen P. Largo
Princess Noela A. Yap
Lady Naomi A. Colis
Christian Paul G.Basalan
Janine Alexa Perez
Alleyah C. Dalumpines
Grade 7-KING DAVID
March 2023
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction
Ballpens are very common material for writing

andalmost everyone does that. Writing is a very importantskill because it allows us to enhance our
own intellect and develop our critical thinking. We chose to delve into this kind of study because of
the very commonpurpose of inks. A lot of people, specifically students, are very into ballpens for it
is one people tend to prefer low-priced ones. This study shows that banana
andsantan plants can not only be our source of food, butas well as a source of writing material. Thisrese
arch will also help promote the significance of the use of our natural resources in a more appropriate
way. Inks that are naturally made may actually be more eco-friendly. Thus, banana and santan plants
are beneficial for the people using inks and as well as for the environment
Banana leaves are one of the main variables that we are going to use in this research as an alternative
ink ingredient. It can be used in a lot of different ways because of its own unique characteristics. They
are said to be large, flexible, waterproof and decorative which explains why it is an ingredient for
cooking, packing or wrapping food and serving food in different cuisines in tropical countries like the
Philippines. Some of the ethnic and indigenous people use it as a traditional way of protecting
themselves from the rain or the heat of the sun. They can serve as roots for shelter and can also serves
as fences which are made of banana leaf thatch. In addition, its uses is that it can serve as a writing
surface or an alternative for the traditional paper that we commonly use nowadays. Though banana
leaves have a lot of uses, our research will focus on one specific part of the leaf which is the sap. The sap
of the banana is very sticky and can be used as an adhesive or an alternative for glue. It can be obtained
from either the pseudostem which is the part of the banana plant that looks like a trunk, the fruit
peelings , the flesh or lastly from its leaf. Other than an alternative for adhesive, we think that this sap
can also be an purposes in India but soon reached the Philippines and here it grew and scattered
throughout the country. It also has a lot of uses. In the Philippines, root decoction used as sedative in
the treatment of nausea, hiccups and loss of appetite. On the other hand, in India and Sri Lanka, the
fruits arand the flowers are used as flavoring in particular foods. Some also use the dilluted tincture of
roots for mouthwash and gargles it for sore throat. Though it has all these discovered and useful uses,
we firmly believe that the flowers contain cyanidin and flavonoids, and a coloring material related to
quercitin which is one of the main reen pigments found in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of algae in
plants. Carotenoids, a plant pigment that is responsible for bright red, yellow and orange hues in
fruitsand vegetables. Xanthophylls are yellow pigments in thecaratenoud group that are widespread in
nature. Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that appar either re, purple or blue,
depending on its pH . Lastly, Betalains , are a class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments found in
the plants of the Caryophllales, where the replace anthocyanin pigments. But today, we usually use
either the inorganic or synthetic organic ones. The synthetic organic pigments come from
petrochemicals Overall, the purpose of this study is to discover different uses of sap in our daily living. In
this case, we aimed for a product that would be useful for us students. In line with the use of natural
resources, this study aims to prove that there can be alternative materials used for commercial
production of ink that can reduce greenhouse missions. This would also help in reducing waste, which in
turn can help the environment.
Statement of the problem
Generally, this study aims to determine the feasibility of banana leaf and
santan
leaf sap as alternative ingredients for market paper ink. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following
questions:
1. What were the procedures done to the banana and
santan
leaf sap for it to be used as an alternative ingredient for ink?
2. What are the properties of the home-made in from the sap of banana leaves and santan flowers
interms of :
2.1 color
2.2 opacity
2.3 dryness ; and
2.4 resistance to fading
3. Is there a significant difference between the artificial and the commercial ink?

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
The following are the researchers' assumptions for the study:
1.The banana and santan leaf saps can be an alternative for ink production that has an eminent quality
with those of the manufactured ones.
2.Since the banana and santan leaf sap are not viscous enough, it will not dry immediately.
Significance of the Study
Banana fruit and santan flowers are abundant and can be found mostly anywhere in the Philippines.
Santan has been cultivated here in the country originally from India and is used by children as flower
necklaces and by adults as treatment for other diseases. Bananas too is one of the most favorite fruits of
the Filipinos. The Philippines is the second largest trader of this fruit in the world. But these plants are
not just ordinarily used for their main purposes, our research is about how these natural resources can
be used as an alternative for the regular commercial ink used by students and teachers in school for
everyday school works and projects, by our government especially during the elections where they need
to print tons and tons of ballots, and lastly by workers especially in the office where in they need to
create and print a lot of paper works. Ink is not only used for these users but we think that it would also
benefit the environment and the agriculture of the country.
Scope and limitation
This research was purely designed for education purpose sonly. The outcomes of this project are not
perfect and may not satisfy the given hypotheses for there will always be the presence of human errors.
In order for this experiment to be executed, the variables used were banana and santan leaf sap and
dye. The researchers extracted the sap by boiling the banana and santan leaves with water .The study
will only focus on the ability of naturally-made ink in being a substitute for commercialized ink. The
study also aims to help replenish the damaged environment we are in and to explore the other uses of
nature's resources
Definition of terms
The following terms are defined operationally in the context of the study:
Annatto. An orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree
(Bixaorellana). It is often used to impart a yellow or orange color to foods.
Banana. An edible fruit botanically a berry produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering
plants in the Genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking maybe called plantains, in
contrast to dessert bananas.
Banana sap. One of the most sticky substances on earth.
Color. Something used to give color to something : a pigment or dye.
Dryness. Duration of the ink to dry.
Dye. A colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.
Ink. A liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image,
text, or design. Itis used for writing with a pe, brush, or quill.
Kasubha. Has the scientific name "Carthamustinctorius", while the real saffron has the scientific name
"Crocus sativus". The dried flower parts of each do look somewhat similar, being sort of reddish.
Opacity. The quality of a material that foes not allow light to pass through it : the quality of being
opaque.
Santan. Several cultivars are dwarfs, under 3 feet. Other noteworthy ornamental santans: santan
puti(Ixorafinalaysoniana Wall), a shrub 2-4 m high, with white fragrant flowers; and Philippine santan
(IxoraphilippinensisMerr),a shrub or small tree, with white to pink flower.
Stick consistency. It is the consistency of the ink to stickin the paper as rated by the respondents

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Chloe Brylle S. Roldan

Lyra Pauleen P. Largo

Princess Noela A. Yap

Lady Naomi A. Colis

Christian Paul G.Basalan

Janine Alexa Perez

Grade 7-KING DAVID

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction

Ballpens are very common material for writing

Statement of the problem

1. What were the procedures done to the banana and

leaf sap for it to be used as an alternative ingredient for ink?

3. Is there a significant difference between the artificial and the commercial ink?

The following are the researchers' assumptions for the study:

Significance of the Study

Banana sap. One of the most sticky substances on earth.

Color. Something used to give color to something : a pigment or dye.

Dryness. Duration of the ink to dry.

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