(3) Active Public Participation: Key Points

Key points regarding active public participation

-- To realize a sustainable smart city based on regional needs, it is necessary to create a situation that
allows each resident to actively participate in smart city initiatives as a person concerned.
-- Creating such a situation will lead to the creation of services that meet residents’ needs, expand the
utilization of various data from public and private sectors including personal data, which will then lead to
the creation of an ecosystem in which data creates further services.
 Activities to attract interest from residents and deepen their understanding
・At present, the term ‘smart city’ itself may be unfamiliar to most of the residents.
・It may be advisable to gain support from specialists, including advisers, and start with disseminating information such as
‘What is Smart City? What kinds of effects can it have?’ from the standpoint of residents so that they can easily
understand, while collaborating with universities, community centers and school education.

 Activities to deepen interactive dialogues with residents

・ You have probably addressed public participation as the foundation of local administration. It may be a good idea to take
a further step by, for example, utilizing civic tech while making use of the conventional frameworks of public participation,
such as workshops and public comments.
・ For example, it may be appropriate to ensure transparency through information disclosure as well as openness, which
allows anyone to participate, and show a willingness to respect the opinions of residents; then, on the basis of these,
take an interactive approach that actively invites proposals for needs rooted in the lives of residents as well as policy
proposals.

 Long-term activities to realize public participation

・ It will take a considerable period of time to gain active public participation in smart city initiatives, which are currently not
well known.
・ It may be helpful to start with gaining support from the community development organization, which has been engaged
with residents for a long time, and steadily advance activities that encourage public participation, which may include
starting with activities that interest residents in a surrounding living space and carrying out repeated activities that can
give residents a successful experience, albeit small.
70
(3) Active Public Participation: Examples of Initiatives ①

■ Machimon (FixMyStreet Japan) ■ Utilization of Decidim (Barcelona, Spain)

• FixMyStreet Japan - Machimon is a system for solving / sharing • Barcelona City has introduced the participatory consensus building
challenges facing communities / towns, including damage to / platform (Decidim) to support public participation.
graffiti on roads, broken street lights and illegal dumping, through • At the planning stage from 2015 to 2019, more than 40,000
collaboration between residents and the government using a residents participated and made 10,860 proposals, of which about
smartphone. 1,500 were adopted.
• Public participation in community development has improved • In addition to Barcelona, Decidim is utilized in more than 30 local
administrative services. More than 20 local governments around governments around the world, including Helsinki.
the country have introduced the app.
Example of the utilization of Decidim: Bus network planning for the future
(July 2016 to April 2017)
Phase 1: Presentation of the restructuring of the bus network”
(13 July to 30 December, 2016)
・The three-layer structure consisting of the main line bus service, including BRT (Bus Rapid Transit),
Not only the conventional bus routes and the neighborhood bus routes.
・It will be able to cover 65% of the city and benefit 95% of the population.
government
employees.
News
Machimon Anyone can Phase2: Meetings to explain the proposal to residents
Fees are charged for the official use /
improve their own operations by administrative officers.
(11 January to 1 March, 2017)
Please consider introducing the function
town any time. designed for local governments. ・Opinions of residents and organizations from ten districts were studied (there were 14 meetings).
Please use this form to inquire / consult
about introduction. ・In the meetings, the result of a simulation of the area covered by the public transportation was
presented using an app on tablets.
Inquiry form
Solved

The road is sinking. If you don’t receive a confirmation email

Azumino City Roads

for your user registration, please check
your email address (wrong email Phase 3: Feedback about the study process
addresses are often registered), the
3 December 2020 at 12:33
spam email filter (to receive emails from (28 February to 29 April, 2017)
Jumbo [email protected] and with URL
etc.) and organization within the mailer
・Details were publicized regarding how a total of 384 proposals made were studied.
Solved (the confirmation email may be found by
searching for the subject ‘Request for Ernest Lluch
A hall on the road
authentication of user registration’). ◇ Proposal
Aoba-ku, Sendai City Roads Camp Nou
2 December, 2020 at 22:02 If you don’t receive an email for your Proposal:Request that
user registration, please send an email
You
from your registered email address to H10 line be extended to ease congestion
Solved
[email protected]. at the time of a game at
the Camp Nou
H8
A sinking of the road
◇ Opinion about the proposal Request for
Aoba Ward, Sendai City (Miyagi) Roads No. of reports extension Sants
2 December 2020 at 12:04

Yuchan
So far 13,312reports Agree: H8 and H10
Solved
207reports
In the past 30 days: should go through H10
There is a sinking TOP10 local governments in terms Ernest Lluch
of No. of reports posed (30 days) Proposed route
Kooriyama City Roads
Kooriyama City
2 December 2020 at 10:21 Comment on the opinion:
Tatsuro Azumi Handa City It will be great if H10 goes through
Sants to help ease the congestion
of D20 Line

(Source) Machimon website https://www.fixmystreet.jp/ Source: Created based on the contents of Decidim Barcelona (https://www.decidim.barcelona/processes/xarxabus/steps)

71
(3) Active Public Participation: Examples of Initiatives ⓶

■Smart city promotion through dialogues with residents (Kakogawa City, Hyogo Prefecture)
Consensus building for the installation of monitoring cameras Utilization of Decidim in the formulation of a smart city initiative
• The city installed 1,475 monitoring cameras mainly around • In FY2020, Kakogawa City launched a participatory consensus
school routes to create an environment in which residents building platform (Decidim) in cyberspace as a space to collect
can raise their children with peace of mind. and discuss opinions of residents and reflect them in policies.
• The monitoring camera with a built-in beacon tag (BLE • In formulating the Kakogawa City Smart City initiative
[Bluetooth Low Energy] tag) is used to monitor elderly (proposal), the city solicited opinions and ideas from the
people as well. residents.
• Prior to the installation of monitoring cameras, the city
established an ordinance and concluded an agreement with
the Kakogawa Police Station to clarify proper operating rules.
• At open meetings (12 venues in the city) in FY2016, the Kakogawa City version of Decidim
Kakogawa City, in collaboration with Code for Japan, has
mayor himself explained the objectives of the installation. launched an online space to collect and discuss opinions
In a questionnaire survey of residents, 98.6% (850/862) of of residents and reflect them in policies (a participatory
consensus building platform: Kakogawa City version of
the respondents expressed their agreement on the Decidim).
installation, reflecting the city’s focus on dialogues / We solicit your opinions and ideas to realize a better town.
consensus building with residents. New Log in
registration

Appearance of a Scene of an open meeting

monitoring camera
Different people may have different opinions on what senior-friendly community development
specifically means. I thought measures to address frailty among elderly people might be used as a
guide. As the three pillars of measures to address frailty, nutrition (oral hygiene), exercise and social
participation are recommended, and I thought it might be a good idea to pursue these measurers
using ICT technologies in ways that suit individual needs and circumstances.
Hide replies

Secretariat_

Thank you for your opinion.

‘The three pillars of measures to address frailty’ was a very helpful idea.
We would also like to consider what we can do utilizing ICT technologies amid the COVID-19
pandemic.

■ Source: Kakogawa City website ■ Source: Website of the Kakogawa City participatory consensus building platform
72
(3) Active Public Participation: Examples of Initiatives ③
■ Kashiwa-No-Ha Living Lab (tentative) ■ Resident-oriented smart city initiative
(Around the Kashiwa No Ha Campus, Kashiwa City, (Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture)
Chiba Prefecture)
• Kobe City aims to develop a ‘Human × Smart’ city that solves
• In the Kashiwa-No-Ha Smart social challenges from a human-centric perspective.
City, the ‘Kashiwa-No-Ha • A participatory design thinking workshop was held as an
Living Lab (tentative)’ was opportunity to consider the ideal image of a Kobe Smart City and
launched in December 2020 essential services for residents. Ordinary residents played a
to create innovation through central role in coming up with ideas about services to be
public participation at provided in a Kobe Smart City.
various levels.
Theme of the Design Thinking Workshop

What kinds of services we should provide for residents

■ Source: Kashiwa-no-ha Urban Design to improve their lives.

Center website

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation

■ Living Lab in Yokohama City • To realize a resident-oriented smart city, ‘Company participation
(Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture) rules’ applicable to the participating companies are under
consideration.
• The three types of Living Labs are ongoing, namely, ‘Community
Welfare Type’, ‘Area Management Type’ and ‘Corporate Marketing Company participation rules (draft)
1. To provide services for residents in accordance with the ‘User-centric
Type’. Living Labs that meet challenges faced by each district, principles’.
such as nursing care and education, are deployed in various 2. To be sure to obtain consent from residents before collecting their data
places in Yokohama City. (ensure the opt-in process).
3. To consider / develop services for residents in a responsible manner by
taking into account not only verification tests but also releases / operations.
4. To follow the principle that the data collected from residents ‘belongs to
residents’, and return benefits to residents through the development of new
services and the improvement of existing services.
5. To make collected data available at other companies, organizations and
communities that participate in Kobe Smart City initiatives.
6. To link services for residents with the data linkage platform in accordance
with the standard API specifications specified by the Kobe City Smart City
promotion council.
7. To use the company’s know-how for the development of next-generation
human resources in the community and actively contribute to human
■ Source: Yokohama City website, the YOKOHAMA LIVING LAB SUPPORT OFFICE website resource development.
■ Source: Kobe City website, a document of the 4th Kobe City Smart City promotion conference (22 February, 2021) 73
(3) Active Public Participation: Examples of Initiatives ④

■ Hack My Tsukuba ■ Urban Data Challenge

(Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, The University of (The University of Tokyo, Association for Promotion of Infrastructure
Tsukuba) Geospatial Information Distribution, The Japan Society of Civil Engineers)

• Pseudo-data was created on the basis of open data as well as • With the goal of solving regional challenges, the project has
operation data owned by the city, and in FY2019, an ideathon been continued since 2013; it consists of the two parts: data-
was held to discuss solutions to challenges with a focus on driven community development utilizing publicly owned data,
welfare for the elderly. mostly from local governments, and a solution contest with
• In FY2019, there were about 30 participants including those public participation.
with professional knowledge, such as former doctors, former • The accumulation of useful data utilization examples and the
university faculty members, consultants and city government formation of a community based on residents’ collaboration are
employees. GIS and Excel were used to discuss the promoted by conducting interactive workshops (study meetings,
visualization of data as well as ways to utilize data to solve ideathons and hackathons) at each of the regional bases
regional challenges. around the country (41 regional bases participated in FY2019)
• In FY2020, solutions were discussed with under the common and inviting entries for solutions (162 solutions in the same
theme of ‘Creating a community that allows the residents to live fiscal year).
with COVID-19’.

Method of
analysis

■ Source: Website of Hack My Tsukuba, a document of Tsukuba City, a document of NEC

■ Source: Website of URBAN DATA CHALLENGE

74
(4) The introduction of data platform Overall picture
Summarize points to Note during different stages from the review of data platform introduction to social
implementation as an overall picture

How to Proceed (Preliminary action Demonstration stage /

Planning (strategy) social implementation
with stage) / preparatory
formulation stage stage/ establishment and
Smart City stage development stage
Identify
community challenges

How to proceed 1. Understand 2. Develop 3. Finalize

with the need for the basic design of the operation of
dataplatform data platform data platform data platform

③
Effect of data linkage
Search for services /
① ②
Linkage Linkage Service linkage apps
between sectors between cities
Services
Data ④

Clarify data handling rules Enhancement of data

See 2-2(1)2. Clarify data handling rules

Running cost
Cost Initial cost arising from development
arising from operation

See 2-2(2) Ensuring financial sustainability

75
(4) The introduction of data platform 2. Finalize the basic design of data platform
①Linkage between sectors (cross-sectoral use of data)
- Most ICT-based city planning to date has been based on the construction of silo-type systems where data and services are
used only on a one-to-one basis, and the effects have been achieved through individual optimization. - However, in order to
respond to the increasing complexity of regional issues and the diversification of residents’ needs, it is important to think in
terms of total optimization by fully extracting the value of data while utilizing a wide variety of data, for example, by utilizing
data from one field in other fields to produce a variety of services, or by combining data from multiple fields to deepen existing
services.
- There are two broad patterns of data linkage between sectors via data platform: ① one to many (data in single sector is
used in multiple sectors in local government policies and corporate businesses) and ② many to one (data in multiple
sector is used in single sector in local government policies and corporate businesses). Linkage between sectors is
expected to create new services and deepen existing services.
- In order to realize linkage between sectors, it is also important to think across organizations to share data that has until now
been locked away in one department of a local government or one company.
- However, ‘linkage between sectors’ serves as only one of the perspectives when developing services that contribute to solving
regional issues, and care must be taken to avoid it becoming a self-objective.

②Linkage between cities

- The increasing cost of maintenance and management of infrastructure and the shortage of professional human resources, as well
as the spread of residents’ daily lives and economic activities beyond administrative areas, have resulted in the need for wide-area
collaboration not only in smart cities, but also in local governments in general. (See the 32nd Local Governance System Study Group’s Report on the Local
Governance System Necessary to Respond to Emerging Issues from Around 2040 (26 June, 2020)).
- In the same way, linkage between cities is critical for smart cities from the perspective of addressing wide-area
administrative issues such as disaster prevention, transportation and tourism, providing common services to residents
regardless of region, ensuring efficient system operation, and achieving a sufficient market size.
- As for specific methods of data linkage between data platforms, they may be easier to understand by dividing them into two major
patterns: (1) interconnection of data platforms (inter-data platform collaboration) pattern and (2) shared use of data platforms (wide-
area collaboration) pattern.
- (1) The interconnection of data platforms (inter-data platform collaboration) pattern is expected to provide services in a wide area
across regions, improve convenience for residents through data sharing between regions, and contribute to the creation of new
businesses and industries anchored in the region through analysis of regional characteristics.
- (2) The shared use of data platforms (wide-area collaboration) pattern is considered to have advantages in terms of initial investment
and operational cost burdens for data platforms.
76
(4) The introduction of data platform 2.① Cross-sectoral use of data
〇Patterns of linkage between sectors
 There are two broad patterns of data linkage between sectors via data platform: ① one to many (data in single sector
is used in multiple sectors in local government policies and corporate businesses) and ② many to one (data in multiple
sector is used in single sector in local government policies and corporate businesses).
 Linkage between sectors is effective for creation of new services / apps or deepening existing services / apps.

Linkage between sectors (one to many) Linkage between sectors (many to one)
Silo type Multiple services by local governments or Services by local governments or
private companies are created private companies are deepened
Service / App Sector A Sectors A, B, C… Sector A
Link data in Sector A Link data in Sectors A, B, C…
Data platform No need for linkage
to services / apps used in Sectors A, B, C… to services / apps used in Sectors A
Data
Sector A Sector A Sectors A, B, C…
(Asset / existing system)

サイロ型 Linkage between sectors Linkage between sectors

Silo type 分野間連携型（one to many）
(one to many) 分野間連携型（many
(many to one)to one）
防災 防犯 交通
Disaster Crime

アプリApplication
アプリApplication

prevention prevention
Transportation
防災
Disaster
prevention 防犯
Crime
prevention 交通
Transportation
防災
Disaster
prevention 防犯
Crime
prevention 交通
Transportation
アプリApplication

可Visualization

通notification
統display

統display

可Visualization

通notification
統display

統display
可視

通知
統合

統合

function

function

Integrated

Integrated

function

function

Integrated

Integrated
視化機能

知機能
合表示・

合表示機

視化機能

知機能
合表示・

合表示機
ケーション
ケーション
function
Visualization

function
/ notification
Integrated

function
Integrated
化機能

機能
表示・ display

表示機能
ケーション

function

function
能

能
display

API API
都

都
Data

Data
デー

市Ｏ

市Ｏ
Data

水位 画像 位置
platform

platform
Image Location
水位 画像 位置 水位 画像 位置
タ

Water level
情報
Location Location
情報 Water level Image Water level Image
データ information information
Ｓ

Ｓ
data
データ
data information
情報 情報
information
データ
data information
情報 情報
information

API API
端

端
Terminal

Terminal

Terminal

監視 GPS 監視 GPS 監視 GPS

末

水位計
Water
gauge
Monitoring
カメラ
camera
GPS
端末
terminal 水位計
Water
gauge
Monitoring
カメラ
camera
GPS
端末
terminal 水位計
Water
gauge
Monitoring
カメラ
camera
GPS
端末
terminal
77
(4) The introduction of data platform 2.① Cross-sectoral use of data
〇Image of linkage between sectors
■Utilizing traffic related data for tourism and disaster (one to many type)
Challenge: Struggling to cope with heavy traffic congestion or vehicles waiting in a line to enter parking lots due to heavy inbound traffic and parking shortage during the
seasons of cherry blossoms and autumn leaves
・ Transport Policy Division of local governments ⇒Work with police to reduce congestion by displaying the time required to reach destinations on smart phones and electronic
displays based on collected data.
・ Tourism Division ⇒Analyze past traffic congestion and congestion information, and study tourism routes that can alleviate congestion during peak tourism demand, and
tourism measures to attract visitors.
・ Risk Management Division ⇒Based on past traffic congestion and human flow data, simulate the movement of people and vehicles in the event of a large-scale disaster, and
consider temporary evacuation centers and evacuation guidance as part of the disaster prevention plan.
Avoiding
Avoidingtraffic
trafficjams
jams/ / Formulate advance simulations and disaster
congestion
congestion Review sightseeing routes and events
Tourism promotion based on demand forecasts. Risk management prevention plans for evacuation guidance in
Tourists division division the event of a large-scale disaster.

Utilizing data Traffic jam ●●湖

Lake ●●
Electric Congestion Disaster prevention Utilizing data not
Tourism
in the information To Lake
●●湖まで
●●
分
40 minutes
To Lake
●●湖まで
●●
80 分 sign board visualization data analysis
simulation and only in the
(Smartphone) minutes

dashboard prediction
transportation transportation
sector sector but also in
Data platform tourism and
disaster sectors
Required time between bus stops People flow measurement
and congestion situation camera / people flow data Traffic related data

■Detecting potential accident occurrence points (Aizuwakamatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture) (many to one type)
• Detecting ‘potential accident occurrence points’ through mashup between public vehicle location information (GPS location information and acceleration information)
and public information on locations of accidents causing injury or death by the police

* Data platform is not used for this case.

Aizu Wakamatsu
Smart City data platform
Keisatsusyo
for Aizuwakamatsu
Open data Published data
(public vehicle location (locations of accidents causing
information) injury or death)
Analytics using big data

Potentially accident-prone points were detected by comparing the points where

public vehicles had braked hard with sites of accidents causing injury or death

Analytics shows that sudden braking had occurred due to

encounter with an oncoming vehicle in even places where
■Source: Smart City Aizuwakamatsu Promotion Council
accidents are seemed unlikely to occur because of good visibility (https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000452041.pdf)
78
(4) The introduction of data platform 2. ② Linkage between cities

 Cases of shared use by peripheral local governments of the data linkage platform introduced by core cities
began to appear.
⇒ Advantages in a wide-area disaster response by neighbor local governments along the coast, rivers and
roads, and costs
■Pattern ② of Linkage between cities: Shared use of data platform (Takamtsu City, Kagawa Prefecture)

Takamatsu City built data platform as FY2017 Shared use of data linkage platform introduced by
subsidy project of Ministry of Internal Affairs Takamatsu City by 2 neighbors, a city and a town
and Communications
 Sharing operation and maintenance costs by fees
⇒ Beneficial for each local government (2 neighboring
municipalities can use the service at a low cost)
 Unifying disaster-related information such as road traffic
Chronological
forecasts of
rainfall
information, weather information, river level, tidal level by data
Road traffic
distribution linkage
records
Road ⇒ It becomes possible to grasp the situation from a bird’s-
regulations River level
image eye view to disasters that occur over a wide area etc. and
support policy decisions such as an evacuation advisory
Displays information in various fields such as
traffic and weather information on a common operation screen
→ Real-time situation awareness Takamatsu
Extensive disaster prevention City
Data linkage and usage platform
Kan-onji Ayagawa
City Town
Roads Weather River level Tide level
Data linkage for disaster prevention in 3 of
(Reference) NEC Corporation
Takamatsu City, Kan-onji City and Ayagawa Town

79
(4) The introduction of data platform 2. ② Linkage between cities
〇Cases involving prefectures
• Although a small number, there are still cases of prefectures establishing councils and developing their own data platform, or leading regional coordination.
• One method is for prefectures to develop their own data platform, especially in areas other than ordinance-designated cities and core cities.

①Smart cities are being promoted by taking the initiative, such as by * ODEAN: Osaka Data Exchange Alliance Network
developing their own data platforms in all areas.
• Creation of common rules
Osaka version
■Osaka prefecture (whole prefecture [all municipalities]) • Deal with personal
information
data platform Data repository
(Creation of open data)
ODEAN
・The Osaka Smart City Strategy Council was established jointly with Osaka City (August
• Authentication/security

2019), and the ‘Osaka Smart City Strategy’ was formulated. Common API
・The aim is to build the Osaka version data platform (ODEAN) which links data platforms
by field and region, as well as an open data platform for the 43 municipalities in Osaka
Prefecture (OSA43, in operation since February 2021) established by the Osaka Smart
......
OSA43 Mobility SmartHealth
Yumeshima Umekita Senboku NT disaster
Prefectural Government. (Municipalities) (MaaS) (PHR) prevention
(Reference) Service mounting by OSA43: ‘Baby station map’ and ‘Available childcare facility map’
http://www.pref.osaka.lg.jp/smart_somu/data-platform/index.html Regional platform Sectoral platform
■Source: Osaka prefecture (Note) This image is just a tentative assumption at the moment
■Nagasaki prefecture (whole prefecture [all municipalities])
・Launched ‘Nagasaki Society 5.0 Promotion Platform’ in the prefecture for ICT use and DX promotion (September 2020, all 21 municipalities, private companies (groups),
universities, financial institutions etc.).
・To solve regional challenges and create new services based on the accumulation, sharing and usage of different types of data from a wide range of areas, the prefecture
will first establish a data linkage platform (data platform) in FY2021 and then aim to build a joint operation system between the prefecture and 21 cities and towns. (Private
sector engagement is also expected in the future)

②Led the promotion of Smart Cities in some regions

■Kyoto prefecture (mainly Keihanna Science City [Seika & Nishikizu District])
・Established Kyoto Smart City promotion council (in September 2018, consists of the prefecture and private companies), and built signages and park smart equipment
in prefectural area centering around Keihanna Science City.
・Established Kyoto big data utilization platform (in November 2018, about 100 groups consist of private companies, universities, municipalities etc.), and promoted
public and private data linkage.

③Implemented general coordination in some regions

■Hyogo prefecture (Higashi-Harima District [Kakogawa City,
■Ibaraki prefecture (Tsukuba City) Takasago City, Inami Town and Harima Town])
・Ibaraki Prefecture, Tsukuba City, Tsukuba University, and private companies ・The Higashi-Harima Prefectural Government established the Higashi-Harima Area
jointly established the Tsukuba Smart City Council (June 2019). Smart City Promotion Council (in July 2020, two cities and two towns in the
・The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) is Higashi-Harima Prefectural Government).
implementing a demonstration project in the district. ・The council is studying wide-area collaboration within the region and sharing
advanced case studies from within and outside the region. 80
(4) Introduction of data platform 3. Effective operation of data platform
Points to note

③Search and development of apps on data platform

④Enhancement of data distributed on data platform
■Establish data platform for post-implementation (services / data, running costs etc.)
 A data platform is only a foundation, and introducing a data platform does not necessarily mean that all
local issues can be solved. As the name suggests, a data platform is similar to the ‘operating system
(OS)’ of a PC or smartphone, and in order to solve local issues, it is necessary to enhance the services,
applications, and data that make them stand out.
 However, services and applications cannot be gathered by simply creating an ‘OS’ and waiting
for them to arrive. It is necessary for the operator of the data platform to cooperate with other parties
involved in urban management to actively involve and encourage the players who can develop services
and applications.
 The same applies to data. If the ‘OS’ has been prepared and everything else is optional, nothing will
come together. In addition to providing a technical intermediary function (broker), data platform
operators must not remain passive, but must be aware of the data required and be active in
searching for and matching that data.
 The chicken-and-egg problem of service / data is often discussed, saying that ‘if data is not collected,
there is no way to develop services,’ or ‘if services are not finalized, the necessary data is unclear and
there is no way to collect it. Neither has priority over the other. It is important to take both perspectives
into account; service development and data collection.
 Also, in terms of cost, data platforms require running costs. It is necessary to be aware of this from the
planning stage of construction, and to envision how to secure financial resources and bear the costs.

81
(4) Introduction of data platform 3. ③④ Enhancement of services / data
〇Horizontal spreading of applications introduced by other local governments
 One of the advantages of introducing a data platform is that applications introduced by other local governments can be easily deployed
horizontally (e.g. introduced without customization or with necessary customization). Identify the conditions of local governments that are
working on smart cities ahead of others, and the conditions of vendors and service providers that offer applications, and ascertain
whether the implementation will be suitable for one’s own region.

Examples of horizontally deployable applications See also Separate volume ①: Services provided through
implemented on the data platform smart city

Area Name Summary State of implementation

of data platform
Disaster Disaster prevention IoT Acquire water level data etc. from water level sensors originally installed in rivers and bank Completed
prevention (Takamatsu City, Kagawa protections or from the Kagawa Prefecture web site, and display on WebGIS. During
Prefecture) disasters, the status of evacuation shelters is also displayed.
Snowplow location information Running situation of snowplows of the day (about 270 plows) is shown on the map. The Completed
service ‘Snowplow Navi’ actual location is updated and displayed every 20 seconds, too.
(Aizuwakamatsu City,
Fukushima Prefecture)
Nurturing / Aizukko + (plus) Notify information issued by schools where children attend (e.g. school newsletter, event Completed
education (Aizuwakamatsu City) results) to smartphones by push communication.
Health / Iizuka Smart Wellness City With the aim of creating a lively town and supporting the most effective use of public Will be supported in
Medical Planning facilities, a health application that measures the number of steps taken will be installed in the future
care (Iizuka City, Fukuoka the smartphones of residents participating in health events, and the travel history data
Prefecture) obtained from the GPS function of these smartphones will be used and applied to smart
planning.
Maternal and child health This is a computerized version of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook, which allows Completed
information service users to view height and weight growth curves, immunization status, and other information
(Aizuwakamatsu City) without the need to input the data themselves.
Tourism / ‘Unified traffic information Utilizing digital devices such as digital signage and web pages (available in multiple Completed
Regional providing’ service for tourists languages), the site displays not only tourist information, but also traffic information,
revitalization (Sapporo electronics and including information on service suspensions due to accidents and other reasons.
industries cultivation foundation)
One-stop Information providing platform As a gateway to local information, the system picks up and displays recommendations Completed
service for for residents ‘Aizuwakamatsu + based on personal attributes (age, gender, family structure, interests etc.), picking up
residents (plus)’ (Aizuwakamatsu City) information necessary for that person. Information and services can be provided not only
by the government, but also by local businesses.
■Source: FY2020 survey results by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Applications recognized by responders as ‘Horizontally deployable to other local governments’. 82
(4) Introduction of data platform 3. ③④ Enhancement of services / data
〇Horizontal spreading of applications introduced by other local governments
Wide-area cooperation for MIMAMORI Tag detection app
(Kakogawa City, Hyogo Prefecture)
 Made the app more open for sharing Kakogawa Application with a watching function Provide a wide-area
 Additionally, developed a structure that can easily introduce a watching function into watching system, not
existing local government apps, too. limited to Kakogawa City

Watching service using BLE tag Efforts for wide-area cooperation

He will come Functioning as ‘Mobile detector’ via existing local

home soon government apps Monitoring tag
V2X Unit Existing
This app
local government app
MIMAMORI BLE Tag

Fixed detector Link to app Start-up app:

Watch over cameras Tap the link
(1,475 units)
Tag
Mobile detector Enable detection notification
function
Push
notification Push notification
Push notification
can be requested
to be enabled
when a contingency
situation occurs

Public vehicles Mail motorcycles App image

(265 units) (176 units)

■Development of MIMAMORI Tag detector

Kakogawa App (4,000 users)
(Smartphone app for local governments)

・A simple MIMAMORI Tag detecting app with detection

function (ON/OFF) was developed
Everyone can act as a watching volunteer by ・Structure that makes a detecting function to be easily
enabling the watching function of the app introduced later in cooperation with the existing local
government apps
(Note) No linkage with data platform
■Source: Kakogawa Prefecture
〇Provision of demonstration experiment environment to private businesses
Toyama City Sensor Network
(Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture) See 2-3(1)3. Reference to ensured sustainability and
expansivity by participating in projects operated by
various agents
83
(4) Introduction of data platform 3. ③④ Enhancement of services / data
〇Establishment of living Labs
 Under the horizontal segregation system of the European model (in which the data platform operator and the servicer
are different), the challenge is that the data platform operator cannot grasp the servicer’s ideas and the data it needs.
 European data platform operators actively utilize ‘living labs’ to create and foster services.

Traditional service creation and cultivation Service creation and cultivation using Living Labs

Public offering for verification project Call for ideas from residents Typical examples
■Copenhagen
(Street Lab)
■ Amsterdam
(Amsterdam Smart
data platform operator Citizens Lab)
data platform operator data platform operator (Local government)
(Local government) (Local government)
Consignment Call for
ideas

Service provider Beneficiary

(e.g. companies) (Residents)
Service provider Beneficiary Service provider Beneficiary
(e.g. companies) (Residents) (e.g. companies) (Residents)

Definition Effects

Private companies commissioned Residents (end-users) are Place to create new • Upstream residents
by local governments are entrusted with idea generation technologies and services by participation enables user-
conducting demonstration oriented service design
entrusted with idea generation • Lacking a sustainable business
• Tendency to lack user-oriented model perspective
tests in actual towns • At the same time, it fosters
• Conduct ongoing a sense of ownership
service design exists
demonstrations in among residents.
(tends to be mere technology
everyday life • As a result, data /
testing)
• Co-creative activities technology required for
involving users and backward compatibility can
residents be identified from a need-
driven perspective.
84
(4) Introduction of data platform 3.③④ Enhancement of services / data
〇Data platform operators becoming ‘active brokers’
 The challenge is that each servicer / data provider is waiting for the other to make a move, and the cycle of data collection
and utilization remains deadlocked.
 One way is for data platform operators to actively search for and enhance the data needed to realize their services (active
brokerage).
Targeting Platforms Active broker

Narrow down the goals and service areas to be Data platform operators actively search for data
pursued in a smart city, and improve matching necessary to realize services discovered by Living
efficiency through selection and concentration. Labs and others.

Service provider Service provider

Energy Mobility Environment Government Energy Mobility Environment Government

Energy Autonomous CO2 Crime

Management driving reduction prevention

EV
......

......

......

......

Finding ideas

Data platform Data platform

Data
Data platform
platform

Data Data Existing New

Open Government’s Regional Individual

data data data trading company
market

85
(5) Proper project assessment (e.g. KPI) Key points
Proper project assessment

- In order to establish a PDCA cycle for the realization of the project, it is effective to set KPIs to evaluate the
progress and effectiveness of the project.
- As stated in the basic philosophy, the main goal of a smart city is to realize ‘well-being’. It is important to
start considering indicators that match the goals of the project and the content of the measures, while
keeping in mind the ‘ease of living’ of the residents, and to visualize the indicators to explain the progress
and effects of the measures to the residents.
- In addition to statistical data, in the current situation where various data can be obtained by using sensing
technology etc., KGI corresponding to the major goals of the project and KPI corresponding to the goals and
measures for each theme should be set as indicators that can appropriately evaluate the degree of
achievement of each goal etc.
- In this case, it is appropriate to consider outcome indicators that show the effects of the initiatives and
output indicators that show the amount of activity of the initiatives, as well as to set a time limit to prevent
the initiatives from stalling out.
- In addition, the following points should be taken into consideration when setting the indicators.
・Clear and concrete.
・Simple and easy measurement without undue burden.
・Realistically achievable without being too low / high as a goal
- To achieve agile smart city initiatives that respond to technological innovations and the lifestyles of
residents, it is desirable to confirm and manage project progress and results through regular KPI and other
evaluations, and to return to the basic concepts (three basic philosophies and five basic principles) to
update plans (strategies) and improve projects as necessary.

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(5) Proper project assessment (e.g. KPI) Action examples: KPI setup
〇Haneda Innovation City in Haneda zone 1 (Ota Ward, Tokyo)
〇To realize Ota Ward’s goal of becoming a ‘Sustainable City Ota’, productivity improvement, tourism and regional revitalization are set as
major goals as one of the issues in the industrial sector, and KGIs are developed based on the ward’s issue-specific plans as evaluation
indices.
〇In order to realize the major goals, the following steps have been established to address the issues within Haneda Zone 1 (HICity) (Phase
1), to spread the initiatives within and outside of Ota Ward (Phase 2), and to resolve the issues in Ota Ward, with KPIs for each step.

Aim to introduce a wide variety of robots into city management and service provision, as well as to
Smart robotics construct an integrated robot control system to improve convenience for visitors to the city and to
support and replace work.
FY2020–FY2021 FY2022–FY2023 After FY2024
Step 1 Step 2 Major goal
Simultaneous / automatic control of Increased convenience of town
Partial substitution of operations by
multiple units / types of robots by visitors and work support / Productivity enhancement
introducing different kinds of robots
integrated control system substitution using robots

Operational efficiency rate Growth of value added in the ward

Number of alternative (20% improvement relative to (Improvement compared to current
Number of robots introduced
operations by robots current situation) situation (≥2.2 trillion yen))
(10 types / 50 units) (10) Service user satisfaction Number of workers in the ward
(80%) (361,000)

Smart tourism Aim to effectively attract huge crowds by visualization of tourism resources using robots for remote tourism
and AR app-base information distribution etc. and based on data-based area management measures
FY2020–FY2023 After FY2024
Step 1 Step 2 Major goal
Attraction of crowds / prosperity
Visualization of tourism resources
Visualization of tourism resources improvement by area management Tourism / Regional revitalization
Attraction of crowds
measures using people flow data

Tourism consumption value

Number of tourists who come to
Number of tourist service users Number of HICity visitors (202.5 bn yen per year)
the ward from HICity
(350,000 per year) (7,000 per day) Number of visitors
(200,000 per year)
(45 million per year)
87
(5) Appropriate project evaluation (KPI etc.) Examples of efforts: acquisition of KPI-related data

■Visualization of changes in the town through GIS based on ■Obtaining travel history data through the Kenko App
the residential registry (Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture) (Sapporo, Hokkaido)

• In Toyama City, basic resident registers and other information • Residents can install an activity meter with a positioning
have been deployed in GIS since FY2011 to grasp, analyze and function in their smart phones and receive health points
visualize the urban structure and its changes, enabling the based on the number of daily walks they take.
superimposition of a wide variety of information. • By acquiring residents’ travel history data when
Basic Resident Ledger Plot
awarding health points, it is possible to measure the
Utilized for planning and verifying increase in the number of steps taken and estimate the
the effectiveness of community
Population distribution map effect of reducing medical costs.
development measures, such as
• The obtained travel history data is also used to examine
population coverage of areas where
public transportation and commercial community development policies.
Aggregation,
processing
and facilities are used, and the location
visualization
of welfare facilities for the elderly.
Source: Toyama City presentation at the
2nd Study Session on Urban Planning
for a Data-Driven Society, Urban Affairs
Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Use of smartphone apps Award health points
Transport and Tourism Toyama City
• Measure and transmit the
presentation material. Transportation system
number of steps taken IC card
• Acquire movement track data SAPICA
Vacant house identification using water meter data • Distribute support information (FY 2008)
(Saitama City, Saitama Prefecture)
The occurrence of vacant
• In Saitama City, the data on the houses etc., and changes
distribution of vacant houses is over time etc., are monitored. WAON
electronic
compiled by targeting Table 19 Distribution of buildings
vacant for 1 year (H24)
money
(FY2019)
residential, commercial, industrial
and other buildings (excluding
Iwatsuki-ku
public facilities) and determining Kita-ku
Minuma-ku
that buildings with water Acquire health related data
Nishi-ku
meters that have not been Omiya-ku
• Body composition (weight, body fat • Results of specific health
percentage etc.) checkups
under contract for more than Chuo-ku Midori-ku
• Results of health awareness questionnaires
one year are vacant. Urawa-ku
Sakura-ku

■ Source: Saitama City Plan for Vacant Houses etc. Minami-ku

March, 2008 Saitama City

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To end
- This document has been compiled based on the initiatives of leading smart city projects, while also
interviewing the people involved in those projects.
- Although preceding cases have not yet reached their goals, they are still working agilely toward the
establishment of smart cities in their respective regions. New challenges will emerge and be solved
every day, new wisdom and ingenuity will be put to the test, and new values will be created.
- We believe that this document is not a finished product, and that it must continue to evolve and
improve in step with the progress of smart cities in Japan, in response to ‘new discoveries’ made in
various regions.
- Smart cities are often accompanied by the use of all kinds of jargons, and as this is an area of
government that we have never experienced before, we are often at a loss as to where to start and
what to do first.
- However, once we get down to basics, there is only one thing to do, and that is to ‘face the residents’
in the same way that governments have done in the past.
Even before we think about the required expertise in the digital field, we need to think about what
residents want and how to enrich their lives and improve their wellbeing in the stormy waves of
digitalization that are transforming society day by day, without leaving a single resident behind.
- It will also take a considerable amount of time for smart cities to take root in society. Furthermore, it is
not realistic to expect every initiative to succeed over a long period of time as we proceed on a
voyage without a compass, so to speak, as there are no examples of 100% success in Japan or
abroad.
- Instead, we should not seek 100% success from the beginning, knowing that there will be ‘failures’.
This could be considered as an initiative where a path can be found by taking it easy and continuing it
over a long period of time. While this publication still needs to be improved in response to these smart
city initiatives, we hope that it will be helpful in one or two ways.
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