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    Forensic Imaging: Course Code: RAD 432 Pre Requisites: RAD 206/RAD 217 /RAD 316 Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

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    mont97der Abbas
    This document provides an overview of a course on forensic imaging and identification of the dead. The key points are: 1. The course covers the identification of remains through radiological (imaging) methods and anthropological parameters. 2. Identification of the dead is important for legal and family reasons, and is typically done through visual review of remains or documentation on the body like dental records, fingerprints or DNA. 3. Autopsies are used for forensic purposes like determining cause of death or for clinical purposes like medical research, and can now utilize virtual autopsy methods using imaging.

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    Forensic Imaging: Course Code: RAD 432 Pre Requisites: RAD 206/RAD 217 /RAD 316 Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

    Uploaded by

    mont97der Abbas
    37 views28 pages
    This document provides an overview of a course on forensic imaging and identification of the dead. The key points are: 1. The course covers the identification of remains through radiological (imaging) methods and anthropological parameters. 2. Identification of the dead is important for legal and family reasons, and is typically done through visual review of remains or documentation on the body like dental records, fingerprints or DNA. 3. Autopsies are used for forensic purposes like determining cause of death or for clinical purposes like medical research, and can now utilize virtual autopsy methods using imaging.

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    This document provides an overview of a course on forensic imaging and identification of the dead. The key points are: 1. The course covers the identification of remains through radiological (imaging) methods and anthropological parameters. 2. Identification of the dead is important for legal and family reasons, and is typically done through visual review of remains or documentation on the body like dental records, fingerprints or DNA. 3. Autopsies are used for forensic purposes like determining cause of death or for clinical purposes like medical research, and can now utilize virtual autopsy methods using imaging.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    37 views28 pages

    Forensic Imaging: Course Code: RAD 432 Pre Requisites: RAD 206/RAD 217 /RAD 316 Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

    Uploaded by

    mont97der Abbas
    This document provides an overview of a course on forensic imaging and identification of the dead. The key points are: 1. The course covers the identification of remains through radiological (imaging) methods and anthropological parameters. 2. Identification of the dead is important for legal and family reasons, and is typically done through visual review of remains or documentation on the body like dental records, fingerprints or DNA. 3. Autopsies are used for forensic purposes like determining cause of death or for clinical purposes like medical research, and can now utilize virtual autopsy methods using imaging.

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    College of Health Sciences

    Allied health Department


    B.Sc. Radiologic Technology program

    Forensic Imaging
    Course Code: RAD 432
    Pre requisites: RAD 206/RAD 217 /RAD 316
    Credits : 3 (2+1+0)

    Instructor:
    Name : Dr. Esameldeen Babikir
    Allied Health Building, Room A-328
    Phone: +97317435873
    Email : [email protected]
    Instructor: Dr. ESAMELDEEN
    College of Health Sciences
    Allied health Department
    B.Sc. Radiologic Technology program

    Lecture (3)
    The Identification of the dead

    q Identification of the dead


    • Review of Forensic terms
    • The need and Importance
    • Methods of Identification
    • Example cases
    q Radiological Identification (Anthropological Parameters)
    The Identification of the
    Dead
    Learning outcomes
    By the end of this session the student should be able to:
    1. Explain the importance of identification of the dead
    2. Identify the two methods employed to identify the decedent
    3. Outline the most productive tools in identifying mutilated remains
    4. Recognize the anthropological parameters used in the radiological identification of
    the dead
    5. Define the terms autopsy and Morgue
    6. Recognize the forensic and clinical purposes of autopsy
    7. Differentiate between conventional and virtual autopsy
    Review of definitions
    Forensic Odontology?
    Forensic Engineering?
    Forensic Entomology?
    Forensic Anthropology?
    Forensic Psychology?
    Forensic pathology?
    Forensic Radiography (Imaging)/ Radiology?
    The Identification of the Dead
    Importance of identification
    q Importance of proper identification of dead bodies
    Examples:
    • The solution of legal problems associated with death

    • Without a death certificate, which demands an identifiable


    decedent family cannot probate wills (legacy issues)

    • A spouse cannot remarry until the missing person can


    legally be declared dead
    The Identification of the Dead
    Importance of identification
    Examples:
    • In homicides and suspicious cases: detectives have almost no
    leads to start an investigation
    • Without justice, the family ones of the decedent are also
    may be denied closure.
    The Identification of the Dead
    Methods
    In practice, two methods are employed to identify the decedent:

    (1)Visual review of the remains (Least reliable)


    q Photographs of the remains
    q Personal effects found either on or about the decedent
    by family or friends
    q Details such as tattoos on the remains
    The Identification of the Dead
    Methods
    (2) Use of documentation on or in the body (certain
    anatomic characteristics that can be compared with
    similar documentation) (more reliable)

    q Fingerprints
    q Dental restorations
    q Healed features
    q Surgical sutures
    q DNA profiling
    The Identification of the Dead
    Methods
    (2) Use of documentation on or in the body (certain
    anatomic characteristics that can be compared with
    similar documentation) (more reliable)

    When the body has decomposed or has been damaged by fire


    or excessive forces preventing visual identification of the
    remains, the investigators begins with collecting dental and
    medical records, antemortem radiographs, fingerprints, etc. to
    speed up the process.
    The Identification of the Dead
    Methods
    (2) Use of documentation on or in the body (certain
    anatomic characteristics that can be compared with
    similar documentation) (more reliable)
    The most productive tool in identifying mutilated remains
    q Dental records and radiographs .
    q Radiographs (Images) of a variety of anatomic regions and
    body parts, e.g.
    q extremities with healed fractures
    q Scout- films of the abdomen with distinctive calcification
    The Identification of the Dead

    The power of radiographs to establish both the identity


    and the cause of death in severely mutilated remains?
    The Identification of the Dead
    Example Cases
    Cases (1)
    A badly decomposed, almost skeletonized, remains found
    belongs to 46-year-old mentally retarded female disappeared 3
    months earlier.
    Which method is simple and suitable ?
    q Fingerprints ?
    q Surgical sutures ?
    q DNA profiling
    q Dental restorations?
    The Identification of the Dead
    Example Cases
    Cases (1)
    q A search for records revealed a
    dental x-ray taken some years
    prior to her death
    q This was compared with the
    postmortem radiograph of the
    mandible which contained only
    one tooth .
    q These two findings established
    the identity beyond any doubt.
    The Identification of the Dead
    Example Cases
    Cases (2)
    q A radiograph of the torso revealed
    an irregular beak-like
    configuration of the first ribs at the
    costochondral junctions (Figure a)
    q This matched to those in an
    antemortem chest x-ray of the
    suspected victim (Figure b).
    The Identification of the Dead
    Badly decomposed severely
    mutilated bodies
    In cases of badly decomposed (skeletonized) and severely mutilated
    bodies for which there are no antemortem dental records or
    radiographs of the remaining body parts the physical anthropologist
    may use the evaluation of the age, gender , race, and of the decedent
    and thus assist in narrowing the identification process.
    The Identification of the Dead
    If the skull is present and reasonably intact, an anthropologist
    skilled in reconstruction may be able to render a likeness that family
    can recognize enough either to identify or to point to other
    documents that can lead to a positive identification.
    Furthermore
    q skilled computer experts may be able to superimpose images
    from suitable photographs of the missing person onto images of
    the skull and render a reasonable opinion to identity.
    The Identification of the Dead
    Biochemical genetic markers
    When blood is available or enough can be extracted out
    of a limb or other body part),
    q Traditional serological methods used for typing blood may be
    sufficient.
    q DNA analysis also used to determine the identity through a
    comparison with DNA analyses of relatives.

    This method may be the only reliable means of


    positively identifying infants and children for whom
    no antemortem dental records or radiographs exist.
    The Identification of the Dead
    Mass disasters
    Mass disasters: practical terms means having more bodies that
    can be handled (Multiple deaths)
    q Extreme care and caution must be exercised at the scene by those
    charged with
    q All expertise professionals in the various aspects of scene
    investigation and body identification must work as a team.
    The Identification of the Dead
    Anthropological Parameters

    q Animal or Human
    q Age determination Assignment
    q Sex determination
    q Determination of race
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy

    Autopsy
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhgazgHwt-Y&ab_channel=BrainStuff-
    HowStuffWorks

    Morgue
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4aPrJe2-Ng&ab_channel=WISN12News
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDouxNV_t_o&ab_channel=WBNS10TV
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy
    Autopsy
    Is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination
    of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause and manner of
    death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present.

    Where the procedure performed?


    • Morgue
    • Mortuary
    • Death-chamber
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy

    Autopsy:
    q Forensic Purposes
    q Clinical Purposes
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy
    Autopsy (Forensic Purposes)
    • Establish the cause of death.
    Natural or Unnatural
    • Assist in determining the manner of death
    (i.e., Homicide, suicide, accident , undetermined ).
    • Compare the pre-mortem and postmortem findings.
    • Reassure family members.
    • Protect against false liability claims and settle
    valid claims
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy
    Clinical Purposes
    • Monitor the public health.
    • Assess the quality of medical practice.
    • Instruct medical students and physicians.
    • Produce accurate vital statistics.
    • Identify new and changing diseases.
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy
    Virtopsy (Virtual Autopsy):
    Modern Technology
    e.g., Dental scan and body CT imaging as a screening tool
    for identification
    Mainly depends on?
    Image
    (Post Processing)
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjRTG_EuvcA&ab_channel=SecretsoftheDeadPBS
    Identification of Individual
    Remains - Autopsy
    Virtopsy (Virtual Autopsy):
    e.g., The Virtobot is a robotic
    system that performs a variety of
    tasks in conjunction with the CT
    scanner. It allows for automated,
    high-resolution 3-D surface
    documentation as well as CT-
    guided post-mortem tissue
    sampling.
    Textbook and References:
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    1. Knight, B., Forensic Pathology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1991, chap.3.
    2. Osler, W., Aequanimitas: With Other Addresses to Medical Students, Nurses and
    Practitioners of Medicine, 3rd ed, Blakiston Co., Philadelphia, 1932, chap. 1.
    3. Stahl, J., III and Fierro, F., Identification, in Handbook of Forensic Pathology,
    Froede, R. C., Ed., College of American Pathologists, Northfield, IL, 1990.

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