BUILDING SERVICES 2

ARCH 2443

LIFT ASSIGNMENT
LECTURER: MR. QAISS N. KHUDEIR
SEMESTER: JUNE 2022
(GROUP J )

NO NAME STUDENT ID
1 AISHA ABDULLAHI MUHAMAD 223923789
ARCH 2443 BUILDING SERVICE 2

REPORT (C) Elevator System Marking Scheme:

You can use this scheme to mark reports in your discipline, and you expect Marks
of your written reports by:

GROUP NAME: GROUP J

STUDENT NAME: Aisha Abdullahi Muhammad 223923789

EXAM ID: 8903D

Awarding a basic mark for a report

Markable element of the report Possible Actual
mark mark

Introduction 1

Background 2

Main body 2

Conclusions 2

Basic mark total (A) 7

Introduction. This section should identify to the reader the aim and purpose of the
report that you are writing (why you are writing the report), with perhaps a short
summary of the contents and findings. The broad aims of the project should also go
here.
Background. Here, you put the requirements of the project, especially those that affect this
particular report. Some requirements may derive directly from the module or from some
externally-defined standard or specification. Make sure to include references for all the sources
of your requirements. You may wish (alternatively you could put this in the main body) to put
some of the background theory relating to the project here.

Main body. This varies from report to report and from project to project. However,
some common headings are:

Project management—team responsibilities, budgets and timetable.

• System design—selection of configuration

• Hardware design (often broken down into subsystems)—explain your
component selection and Report design decisions. Clear schematics should be
presented. • Wherever you make a design decision, you should back up your decision
with reasoning or calculations.

Conclusions. Here you can summarise your findings (what you have decided and
what you have learned), draw any conclusions from them that are appropriate, e.g. how
you might do things differently next time, and look at the job remaining.

Your report must be an effective means of communicating the results of your project.

• Language should be clear and correct.

• Presentation (clear fonts, diagrams, useof space etc.) should aid in comprehension
of the material.
• The information should be structured to sensibly progress from requirements
to conclusions in clear sections.
LIST OF CONTENT

I. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
II. ABSTRACT

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF CASE STUDY

1.3 INFORMATION OF CASE STUDY

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 TYPES OF LIFT
2.1.1 HYDRAULIC LIFT
2.1.2 TRACTION LIFT
2.1.3 MACHINE ROOM- LESS (MRL)

3.0 ANALYSIS & RESULT

3.1 LAYOUT PLAN
3.2 RESEARCH ON SITE
3.3 PROBLEMS CAUSED
BY ELEVATOR 3.4
CALCULATION

4.0 RECOMMENDATION

5.0 CONCLUSION

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 I) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, it has been a great experience working on this project. I would like
to express my deepest gratitude to every individual that has contributed in any
way upon the completion of this report within the given time. I hope that we
managed to fulfil the requirements given.

I would also like to express my deepest appreciation to my lecturer, Sir Qaiss for
providing me with guidance to complete this report and giving us very useful
suggestions during tutorial sessions. I would like to thank once again to everyone
who had contributed to making this report a success.

II) ABSTRACT

The case study is Block 11 Infrastructure University, Kajang.

There are eleven (11) floors including a roof top in this building, and it

consist of two lifts.

Vertical transportation is a phrase used to describe the various means of travelling

between floors in a building. All buildings with more than one storey of course have
at least one set of stairs and the provision of stairs is a very important consideration
when designing buildings in order to ensure all the occupants of the building can
escape safely in the event of a fire. In buildings with more than four storeys, a lift
(commonly known as an elevator in the US) is desirable as there is a limit to how far
people are willing to walk upstairs. In addition to this, stairs are unsuitable for infirm
and mobility impaired persons so buildings with only two storeys are sometimes
fitted with a lift. A third option is the escalator which is ideally suited for high
volume applications such as shopping malls and airports but not practical for high rise
buildings as they take up a lot of space.
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The main objective of doing this project is to help students observe and analyse thus

having a better understanding of Vertical transportation systems. Calculation will be done to

assist the analysis. They are methods which determine the efficiencies of a vertical

transportation system.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF CASE STUDY

Block Eleven is a building located in the premises of Infrastructure University found in the
southern part of Kuala Lumpur city centre. It is among private colleges and universities in Bangi,
Selangor. The building consists of eleven (11) floors including a roof top. The built-up area of
the building is about 2500 sq. ft per floor which makes the total floor area of building about
30,000 sq. ft.

Figure: View of Unipark Condominium

1.3 INFORMATION OF CASE STUDY

Address: Bangi Government and Private Training Centre Area, 43000 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor

Location plan:
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

An elevator or lift is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods

between floors of a building. They are generally powered by electric motors that either drive

traction cables and counterweight systems or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical

piston. Languages other than English may have loanwords based on either elevator (e.g.,

Japanese) or lift (e.g., Cantonese). Because of wheelchair access laws, elevators are often a

legal requirement in new multi-story buildings, especially where wheelchair ramps would be

impractical.

Figure: Example of elevator

Some claim that the first lifts were just basic rope or chain hoists. In essence, a lift is a platform that is
mechanically pushed or dragged upward. In the modern world, a lift consists of a cab, often known as a
"cage" or "car," mounted on a platform inside an enclosed environment a shaft, or even a "hoist path."
In the past, steam and water hydraulic pistons were used to power lift drive devices. In a "traction" lift,
cars are raised by rolling steel ropes over a pulley with a deep groove, known as a "sheave" in the
business. A counterweight is used to balance the car's weight. Sometimes, two lifts are each other's
counterbalance and always move simultaneously in the opposite direction.

The friction between the ropes and the pulley furnishes the traction which gives this type of lift its
name.
2.1 TYPES OF LIFTS

2.1.1 HYDRAULIC LIFT

A hydraulic lift is a particular kind of equipment that employs a hydraulic device to raise or move items
by applying pressure to liquid inside a piston. The result of force is "lift" and "labour." The principles of
hydraulics are utilised by hydraulic lifts (in the

hydraulic power) to raise and lower the vehicle by applying pressure to an above- or below-ground
piston.

Roped hydraulics raise and lower cars using a mix of ropes and hydraulic power.

Permanent earth magnet motors, rail mounted gearless machines, and microprocessor controls are
examples of recent advancements.

There are many variables that affect the technology employed in new installations.

Although building cylinders longer than a certain length becomes impossible for very high lift hoist
methods, hydraulic lifts are less expensive. Traction lifts must be used in place of elevators for structures
with more than seven floors. Traction lifts typically move more quickly than hydraulic lifts.
Installing hydraulic lifts typically costs less than installing traction type lifts. They also take up less room
inside a building because a lift shaft only requires around 10% less area. These lifts are also more
effective when moving heavy items since they have a greater lifting force than footing and traction
ropes.

The slow speed of a lift driven by hydraulics is one of its drawbacks. Typically, it could not go faster than
150 feet per second (on larger travels). An efficient machine-room control structure is essential because
the performance of oil as a pressure-driven liquid varies with temperature. This type of lift produces a
lot of heat. Moreover, the oil could leak out at the lift's base and contaminate the groundwater.

2.1.2 TRACTION LIFT

Traction A crate on steel ropes wrapped around sheaves connected to an electric motor engine is
essentially what a lift is. To regulate the mass of the lift car, the sheaves have a counterweight stabiliser
attached to one end of them. The lift is raised and lowered by traction on the ropes. The two lift
variations produce
results that are
comparable. The
choice between
the two depends
on the price, the
level of support,
and the type of
building where the
lift will be
installed.

The fundamental
benefit of geared
traction lifts over
hydraulic
assortments is
their faster speed.
This means that
towering,
contemporary
skyscrapers from
the twenty-first
century can still
make use of the
traction system
and framework. Similarly, the ride in a traction lift is smoother. The traction system uses less energy
since the stabiliser counterweight balance adjusts the vehicle load, whereas the pressure driven system
must push the lift against gravity.

The drawback of traction-type elevators is their high cost. Installation costs may be 15–25% more than
those of a hydraulic system. The controls of traction lifts are located in the shaft headroom, which
makes maintenance challenging. However, if a magnetic synchronous motor takes the position of the
machine room, this will result in a common control element. Moreover, it makes the lift shaft
measurement apparent, making it easier to maintain and safer to use. This will provide a respectable,
albeit pricey, long haul lifting option.

2.1.3 MACHINE ROOM-LESS (MRL)

A machine room is necessary for all elevators, hydraulic or traction, to house the massive electric motors
(or hydraulic pumps) and the controller cabinet. The equipment for one or more elevators may be found
in this chamber, which may be above or below the hoist path (or solely below, in the case of hydraulic
elevators). Contemporary traction motors can be smaller and more effective because to their
permanent magnet drive and gearless design; mechanical relays have been replaced with electronic
microprocessors. As a result, traction elevators can be constructed without a specific room above the
shaft, freeing up space that would otherwise be needed for other purposes.

The novel lift design differs from the conventional traction rope routing of traction elevators, which is
looped over the top. The cables' ends are fastened to the supporting structure, and a force-multiplying,
energy-efficient compound pulley system connects the length of the cables to the car and
counterweight. For low to medium height structures, machine room-less elevators have emerged as a
welcome replacement for the more traditional hydraulic elevator.

The first machine room-less elevator was created in 1996 by Kone, a Finnish elevator business.

Advantages of a Green Perspective:

 Utilises less energy (70–80% less than hydraulic elevators)

 Consumes no oil
 All of its components are above ground
 Resulting in the creation of additional useable space.

Additional advantages:

 Significantly less expensive than other elevators

 excellent ride quality because to gearless traction
 works at higher speeds than hydraulics
3.0 ANALYSIS & RESULT
3.1 LAYOUT PLAN
 Figure: Floor plan of block 11
3.2 RESEARCH ON SITE

The case study is Block 11 Infrastructure University, Kajang.

There are eleven (11) floors including a roof top in this building, and it

consist of two lifts.

Figure: View of lift in block D Unipark

Figure: View of lift in block 11 infrastructure uni

3.3 PROBLEMS CAUSED BY ELEVATOR

1. WAITING PERIOD
Based on experience, the elevator car is not able to carry more than 9 people as the speed
of the elevator car becomes slower.

2. LIGHTING
The amount of lighting in the elevator car is low which result in dimmer surrounding in
the car.

3. VENTILATION
Due to the failure of the fan in the elevator, the ventilation of the elevator can is poor.

BRAND EITA-SCHNEIDER

CAPACITY OF LIFT 22 PERSONS

CAPACITY (kg) 1500 KG

LIFT DOOR DOUBLE PANEL CENTRAL OPENING

LIFT CALL BUTTON FUNCTION WELL

EMERGENCY BUTTON FUNCTION WELL

LIFT LIGHT DIM

LIFT HOIST WAY VENTILATION POOR

CCTV FUNCTION WELL

LIFT BLOWER FAN REPLACEMENT RREQUIRED

3.4 CALCULATION
Total Area Each Floor = (54m x 41m) = 2,214 𝑚2
Total Area of Building = 2214 msq x 12 floor = 26568 msq
Population per floor = Usable Area/ Population Density
= 26568 x 50% / 12m2 = 147.6
=148 people Building Population = Population per floor x Number of floors = 148 people x 12 floors =
1,776 people
Number of Elevators Needed = 1776 / 275 =6.45= 7 Elevators

Hence, 7 Elevators are required for this building instead of 2

Waiting time during peak hour (12.00pm–1.30pm) & (5.00pm) = 120seconds
Lobby Interval = Round of time/Number of cars in group = 64/2 = 32seconds
When 120 seconds is longer than 32 seconds, therefore waiting time greater than Lobby interval Thus,
there will be a waiting time that cause a queue on each floor.

4.0 RECOMMENDATION

1.Elevator Lighting
Sylvania 39W T5 Fluorescent Tube, 3220lm, 850mm, G5
▪ Offersreally good illumination
▪ Long lifespan
▪ Energy efficient.
▪ Average rated life up to 24000 hours

2. Elevator Ventilation
Kyungjin Blower’s AC-097-050 Ventilators
• Lower noise level of 50 dB(A)
• Highly efficient cross-flow fan
• Low energy consumption
• Higher rotating speed of 1480 RPM
• Air Volume of 7.5 meter cube per minute

3. Elevator CCTV
Panasonic PEHV1000SFN130 Dome Network Camera
• 4K video surveillance cameras
• Offer ultra high resolution
• Offer Ultra wide angle of view
• Infrared capability
• Wide Darkness Range functions
Solution for Case Study Problem
The elevator's weak lighting, the humid air from inadequate ventilation, the CCTV quality and how well it
can be viewed, and the number of inefficient elevators that are present on each floor all occur in this
case study. The new and improved models of lights, ventilators, and CCTV are the suggested solution.
Additionally, more elevators will be added to meet the demand.

CONCLUSION: I. For users to feel secure when alone with strangers inside, adequate lighting should be
supplied so they can see the buttons and each other properly. II. Low ventilation functioning in the
elevator is the cause of the poor air quality. A new design will be used to ventilate the elevator with
high-quality air. III. Due to the outdated nature of the present CCTV models, some views cannot be seen
and the resolution is poor. It is advised to use better CCTV.

6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. https://www.propertyguru.com.my/condo/de-centrum-soho-7454

2. https://issuu.com/nirbhaybaghel/docs/services

3.https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Building_Services/Vertical_Transportation#:~:text=Vertical%20transpor
tation%20is%20a%20phrase, between%20floors%20in%20a%20building.

4. https://www.arup.com/expertise/services/buildings/vertical-transportation-design