The Counter Terrorist TruePDF-April May 2017

HARDENING SOFT TARGETS IN YOUR AOR • HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY • EMAIL CRIMES FUNDING GLOBAL TERROR
Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals
APRIL/MAY 2017
VOLUME 10 • NUMBER 2
EMAIL CRIMES
FUNDING
GLOBAL TERROR
INTERNATIONAL
EDITION
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APRIL/MAY 2017
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The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 3

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The Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals
APRIL/MAY 2017
COVER STORY:
16

EMAIL CRIMES FUNDING GLOBAL TERROR
by Kent Cartwright
FEATURES:
CONTENTS
16 08

HARDENING SCHOOLS AND OTHER SOFT TARGETS
IN A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER’S AOR
Part 3: Physical Security
by Amery Bernhardt
24

WHY DO AMERICAN COMBAT SOLDIERS SUFFER FROM
PTSD MORE THAN THEIR COUNTERPARTS?
by Forest Rain
32

HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY
Helping those with the invisible wounds of war
by Anthony E. Jones, Major U.S. Air Force, ret.
8
DEPARTMENTS:
06 From the Editor
Animal Instincts
42 Training Review
Israeli National Police Civil Qualification
44 Innovative Products
DeSantis Gunhide’s new SL Raptor Holster, Style 147,
24 FLIR identiFINDER R-Series
32
Cover Photo: Tracking terrorisom on the Internet.

FROM THE EDITOR:
Animal Instincts
Counter The
by Garret Machine Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence

& Special Operations Professionals
I
APRIL/MAY 2017
n a stressful situation, we all revert back to our instinct, animal instinct. Editor
As sophisticated and evolved animals, we have the ability to reason with one Garret Machine
another and not resort to force. When animals want another animal to do Director of Operations
Carmen Arnaes
something or not do something, they resort to force. Both people and animals
Director of Advertizing
have the force option, only people sometimes take a little longer to get there. Sol Bradman
Even nations reserve a force option for dealing with states and nonstate actors. Administrative
It is interesting that we can break down almost all human interactions, whether Jennifer Junatas
group or individual, into two categories: those that use force and those that do Contributing Editors
not. That’s it, only two. Amery Bernhardt
In Western society, we are used to interacting with others through persuasion Kent Cartwright
Anthony E. Jones,
and coercion. While force is an option for some, all are subject to force as a Major U.S. Air Force, ret
means of compliance. As a wise strategist once said: “If you want peace, prepare Forest Rain
for war.” In this context, the preparation is the deterrence. Mass is a deterrent. Graphic Design
A big black German Shepard is a deterrent. And for some a personal firearm is a Morrison Creative Company
deterrent, an equalizer. Copy Editor
Having a means of defense or offense protects you from unwanted force and Laura Town
intimidation. There will always be those who are antisocial and attempt force as Advertising Sales
Sol Bradman
a first option. [email protected]
For example, the elderly and feeble will fall victim to the young and agile, the 305-302-2790
petite female to the heavy male and the few to the many. However, a means of Publisher:
defense and threat of greater force will persuade a would-be adversary to pick an Security Solutions International
13155 SW 134th St. • STE 103
easier target or limit the interaction. Miami, Florida 33186
Switzerland is an armed society, a wealthy, civilized Western nation with very
low levels of violent crime when compared to the U.S. But why? Because the
ISSN 1941-8639 The Counter Terrorist
“bad guy” no longer has the monopoly on the force option. A force encounter is Magazine, Journal for Law Enforcement,
likely to be met with even greater force. Mutual destruction is not an attractive Intelligence & Special Operations
Professionals is published by Security
option. Solutions International LLC, as a service to
The solution to violence is overwhelming violence or threat thereof. With this the nation’s First Responders and Homeland
Security Professionals with the aim of
logic in mind, one would be wise to carry a tool that can keep things dignified deepening understanding of issues related
and civil even when one party is threatening force over a weaker party. Human to Terrorism. No part of the publication
interaction would change and become more civilized with every party knowing can be reproduced without permission
from the publisher. The opinions expressed
that they are limited to negotiation and persuasion. herein are the opinions of the authors
represented and not necessarily the opinions
of the publisher. Please direct all Editorial
correspondence related to the magazine to:
Security Solutions International SSI, 13155
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6 The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017

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Circle 301 on Reader Service Card The Counter Terrorist ~ April/May 2017 7
HARDENING
SCHOOLS
AND OTHER
SOFT TARGETS
IN A LAW
ENFORCEMENT
OFFICER’S AOR
PART 3: PHYSICAL SECURITY
Editor’s Note: This article discusses the third and final part in how to harden schools and
other soft targets in your AOR. The hardening of the physical security is no less important
than Part 1 or Part 2, which covered preparing the faculty for an active shooter event
and addressing the inside threat through a threat assessment team (Bernhardt 2016).
While this is just as important, it may be the most costly. Training and coordinating
existing resources is very cost effective and provides a great starting point in times of
restrictive budgets. Regardless of cost, this topic must be addressed by the schools.

by Amery Bernhardt
I have heard the following question posed to me:

When was the last time a child was killed in a
school fire? This is usually followed by silence,
because it is not a common occurrence. From
2007-2011, in schools ranging from preschoolers
to twelfth grade there were over 4,000 structure
fires but zero deaths (Campbell 2013). Now, that
response should be the same for an active shooter.
T hroughout our nation, about

24% of the active shooter
incidents occur in schools (NYPD
Printing Section 2012). Students
fire. Safety from fire did not occur
overnight. There was an enormous
amount of energy invested in our
schools to make them as safe as they
to violence. From the year 2000 to
2013, there have been 27 incidents
that resulted in the loss of 57 lives
and the wounding of 60 individuals
should be just as safe from an active are today. The level of school safety has (Blair and Schweit 2014). A study
shooter as they are from a school not been as successful when it comes conducted to review fire safety and
Officer Jason Frederickson, a civilian police officer with the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar Provost Marshal’s Office, provides rear security
while a fellow officer clears a room during training to aid readiness in the event of an active shooter. Photo: Lance Cpl. Owen Kimbrel

A middle school entrance. Photo: Analogue Kid at en.wikipedia
other safety measures found that fire learned from the Sandy Hook atrocity
safety was consistent in schools ranging HARDEN THE EXTERIOR
was how easily and quickly the killer
across geographic areas, but there were OF THE SCHOOL gained access to the school. The glass
significant differences in other safety BUILDING in front of the school was shot and
measures (Shelton, Owens, and Song One of the first ways to protect a the attacker made entry seconds later.
2009). A standard such as the fire code, school from violence is to prevent an While keeping the exterior doors locked
which has become so well established, attacker from gaining access to the is the first step in building security,
is also needed for active shooter school school. Often called target hardening, they should not be easily defeated. The
safety (Raghunathan, Massello, Zalis, making improvements on a building glass doors should be made of burglar-
and Aldape 2015). Law enforcement physically provides an important layer proof tempered glass (New York State
should be there to provide the guidance of defense (International Association Education Department 2013). There are
that our nation’s schools need. for Healthcare Security and Safety different types of door construction that
Active shooter school safety should [IAHSS] 2012). By keeping an attacker use varying amounts of glass. There are
start with a plan to harden the exterior outside of the school, the students simple steps that can be taken to retrofit
of the school. Then it should focus and faculty inside will be much safer. glass with a laminate that will obstruct
on a single entrance point with a One of the recommendations from or delay an intruder’s access into the
mantrap. Finally, it should conclude the New York City Police Department building (D. Grossman, personal
with recommendations on easily locked involves conducting a realistic threat communication 2015). While this
classroom doors. If there were any assessment to determine vulnerabilities type of glass is not bulletproof, it can
facility vulnerabilities identified during (NYPD Printing Section 2012). This provide a significant delay to the access
the training exercises as outlined in Part type of assessment includes evaluating of the school. This delay can provide
1, then this would provide the prime how easily an attacker can gain access the police more to time to respond to
opportunity to address them as well. to the facility. One of the lessons confront the attacker, and more time

to the faculty and students inside the
school to prepare themselves. Besides
the front doors, if there is any other
area on the outside of the school to
which an intruder has easy access and to
which they can gain access by breaking
a window, then that glass needs to be
fortified to prevent easy access. One
of the most effective ways to identify
vulnerabilities is through discussions
with the faculty and maintenance
personnel. This information may have
come to light while exercising different
active shooter scenarios, as described
in Part 1. The personnel who spend
countless hours at the building often
have intimate knowledge of it and will
be able to provide valuable information
on vulnerable points or potential areas
of concern. The Sandy Hook Elementary School makeshift memorial on Washington Avenue in Sandy Hook,
Connecticut, 12 days after the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Photo: Bbjeter
SINGLE ENTRANCE
POINT
Another recommendation is access to any other doors of the facility. direct visitors towards the main doors,
controlling access to the building. All of the doors should be locked and explaining that the main doors of the
Access can be controlled by funneling the visitor should be directed to one school are the only public access point.
all of the visitors to one location, where main access point (New York State This entrance should be monitored by
they can be vetted and then granted Education Department 2013). The school staff (New York State Education
access. Visitors should not be permitted use of signs on all of the doors can Department 2013).

ARDEN HILLS, Minn. - Minnesota National Guard Soldiers participate in an active shooter exercise with the Ramsey County Sheriff’s Office
and nearly a dozen other law enforcement, fire and emergency medical organization. National Guard photo by Sgt. 1st Class Ben Houtkooper.
THE MANTRAP to the main entrance. At the exterior door, s/he is not in the school yet. S/he
This entrance can be further secured door to the main entrance the visitor is in the mantrap area, where s/he will
by the use of a mantrap system. This can press an intercom to request access be required to present identification
can be done with a locked exterior to the school and state his/her reason and be further vetted by faculty.
door, a booth area for vetting, and a for the visit. The school faculty can Faculty should not be in the vestibule
locked interior access door. (IAHSS then visually inspect the visitor via or mantrap area with the visitor, but
2012) The concept is as follows: A camera or through the glass and can instead should be communicating
visitor approaches the school to gain then unlock the exterior door. Once with him/her through glass or a
access and s/he is directed by signs the visitor enters through the exterior small window. Once the faculty has

Members of a Special Response Team review entrances to a building during a training exercise at Marine
Corps Air Station Cherry Point, N.C. Photo: Mauricio Campino
successfully vetted him/her, then the layout providing the needed physical to hold the doors shut and prevent
visitor is permitted to have access to structural support. access to the killer. The research data
the building and the interior door is from the Virginia Tech case study
unlocked. If there is any glass inside THE CLASSROOM revealed that those individuals who
the mantrap area, it should also be DOORS took defensive action and were able
burglar-proof tempered glass or be In the Virginia Tech attack, the to keep the doors closed and deny
laminated to prevent it from being unlocked classroom doors were the access to the shooter survived (Blair,
easily circumvented. This mantrap only things that stood between the Nichols, Burns, and Curnutt 2013).
allows the school to deny access to a attacker and the students. There were The classroom door may be that
potential intruder with the entrance failed attempts and successful attempts critical line of defense against an active

President George W. Bush visits a memorial for the victims as the President and Mrs. Laura Bush stop to pay their respects at a campus
memorial in Blacksburg, Virgina, 2007, honoring the shooting victims at Virginia Tech. White House photo by Eric Draper
shooter. There are different types teacher had to engage a simple thumb may have intimate knowledge of
of classroom doors that use varying lock or had to use keys to lock the door. these vulnerabilities, sometimes it is
amounts of glass in them. Just like The experiment revealed that in the advantageous for everyone to learn
exterior doors, there are simple steps instances where the teacher used a thumb about them when the teaching comes
that can be taken to retrofit glass with a lock, there was an average of 1.6 injuries from professionals whose job it is to
laminate that will obstruct or delay an and 1.4 fatalities. In the instances where protect the community from violence.
intruder’s access into the room. These the teacher used a key lock, there was an Just as fire safety has become so well
doors when locked should not be easily average of 3.8 injuries and 2.4 fatalities established in schools, it is time that
circumvented. (Kringen, Blair, and Martaindale 2015). law enforcement impart its passion for
The locks on these doors should The door may be one of the last lines safety from violence into the schools.
be easy to engage. There was an of defense for a teacher with his/her We share an ultimate responsibility
active shooter simulation conducted students and it should be easy to lock and with educators throughout the nation
by the Advanced Law Enforcement extremely difficult to get through. to help keep our children safe. When
Rapid Response Training (ALERRT) Law enforcement has been entrusted it comes to schools, security should
Organization designed specifically to with the opportunity to bring to incorporate a hardened exterior, a
test locking doors under duress. There light vulnerabilities and provide single entrance point with a mantrap,
was a significant difference in the recommendations on ways to mitigate and easy-to-lock secure classroom
results depending on the whether the them. While teachers and other faculty doors.

REFERENCES 2013). New York: New York State
Bernhardt, A. 2016. “How Can Education Department, New York
Law Enforcement Harden Schools State Police, New York State Office
And Other Soft Targets In Their AOR: of Homeland Security, New York
Preparing The School Faculty For An State Division of Criminal Justice
Active Shooter Event.” The Counter Services, and New York State Office of
Terrorist, 9(4), 44-49. Emergency Management.
Bernhardt, A. 2016. “Harden NYPD Printing Section. (2012).
Schools and Other Soft Targets in Active Shooter Recommendations and Law enforcement has
Their AOR: Part 2. The Threat From Analysis for Risk Mitigation (2012 been entrusted with the
Edition). http://www.nyc.gov/html/
Within.” The Counter Terrorist, 9(5),
48-54. nypd/downloads/pdf/counterterrorism/ opportunity to bring
Blair, J. P., Nichols, T., Burns, ActiveShooter2012Edition.pdf to light vulnerabilities
Raghunathan, A., Massello, R., Zalis,
D., and Curnutt, J. R. 2013. Active
W., and Aldape, L. 2015. Workshop and provide
Shooter Events and Response. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis on School Safety, Codes and Security. recommendations on
http://www.nfpa.org/
Group.
Shelton, A. J., Owens, E. W., and
ways to mitigate them.
Blair, J. P., and Schweit, K. W. 2014.
A Study of Active Shooter Incidents, Song, H. 2009. “An Examination of
2000-2013. (Texas State University and Public School Safety Measures Across
Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Geographic Settings.” Journal of
Department of Justice). Washington, School Health, 79(1). http://www.ncbi.
DC: Government Printing Office. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19149782 •
Campbell, R. 2013. Structure Fires
in Educational Properties. http://www. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
nfpa.org/research/reports-and-statistics/ Amery Bernhardt is a Sergeant with
fires-by-property-type/educational/ the Westchester County Department of
structure-fires-in-educational-properties Public Safety in New York. He has 15
“International Association for years of law enforcement experience. He
Healthcare Security and Safety.” 2012. is currently assigned to Patrol Operations,
In Security Design Guidelines for and his responsibilities include
Healthcare Facilities, edited by D. coordinating the department’s School
MacAlister, K. M. Tuohey, and T. York. Resource Officer program. Sergeant
Glendale Heights, IL: International Bernhardt is certified as an instructor
Association for Healthcare Security and for law enforcement and civilian active
Safety. shooter response through the Advanced
Kringen, J. A., Blair, P., and Law Enforcement Rapid Response
Martaindale, H. 2015. Agent-based Training program. He has conducted
simulations as pseudo-experiments training and numerous exercises with
on active shooter response protocols. schools and law enforcement agencies
University of New Haven: Advanced throughout Westchester County.
Law Enforcement Rapid Response
Training (ALERRT) Organization.
New York State Education
Department. 2013. New York State
School Safety Guide. In New York
State School Safety Guide (Revised

EMAIL
CRIMES
FUNDING
GLOBAL
TERROR

by Kent Cartwright
“It’s Not Just Who Emails

Are From, It’s Where.”
CYBER CRIME REACHES
JANET AT WORK
I t’s 8:35 am on a Tuesday morning,

and Janet has arrived at her work
desk, as she has for the past twelve years.
Janet is a hard worker, and has a great
Please go ahead and use my card to pay the
$4,450 fee and I will resolve it once I get
to the office about 11am.
Let me know if you have any questions.
work ethic. She is the glue that holds Bill Cramer
the office together when the company CEO-Founder
is busy. Janet has opened her email and Approximately 15 minutes later,
sees and email from her boss, the owner Janet’s phone rings and it’s Cynthia from
of the company. ACME steel, who promptly takes the
The email reads: payment and thanks Janet for handling
Good morning Janet, this issue first thing in the morning.
One of our vendors (ACME steel) will In this example, Janet has just paid
be contacting you this morning about our over $4,000 to someone who will
recent purchase of wall materials being put eventually fund a firearm purchase
into the warehouse by David and his team. in Syria. Janet, the prompt and

fund and support terror organizations. is a set of instructions and a bunch of
Once the server The money collected by ransomware unsuspecting email addresses to begin
and other socially-engineered crimes their rampage on their victim’s bank
has been selected primarily goes to the raw materials accounts.
and compromised by and labor used for the illegal drug Once the server has been selected and
production, while hundreds of millions compromised by the cyber criminals,
the cyber criminals, of dollars go to complex transactions it becomes a race against the clock to
it becomes a race like the resale of military equipment, or use the server (or other host) before
against the clock to something as simple as the daily living

expenses of a criminal network. Every
the owner has detected the criminal’s
presence. Within minutes, the hijacked
use the server (or other step taken to reduce this revenue stream server (or other computer system) has
host) before the owner is a step toward the reduction of global sent millions of scam emails that are
terror networks and the cyber criminal directing cash from their victims directly
has detected the networks that support them. to accounts that are untraceable, or in
criminal’s presence. the form of non-standard revenue like
UNDERSTANDING AN bitcoin.
hardworking employee, never really EMAIL’S ORIGIN Many of the people perpetrating these
received an email from the owner of the Before we look at correlating email crimes don’t even return the computer
company, or a company called ACME crime revenue to the funding of terror back to the victim after the ransom is
steel. The email and the phone call were organizations, we need to review some paid. Ironically, this is because it would
from one of the thousands of centralized less obvious things about email crimes. cost the criminals more to build a
centers sponsoring this kind of criminal Most email crimes don’t occur from program that returns the computer to its
activity. In fact, annual revenue to these someone’s home PC, but they do come original state.
online virtual crime centers exceeds from somewhere. The email criminal is The email criminal by may be in
$2.5 billion dollars a year. These cyber looking for a weakly protected server at Miami, Florida, but the unpatched
criminals gain a new victim every 82 a web site provider, or perhaps a desktop server that sent the email crimes may be
seconds on average, twenty-four hours a PC owned by a student in India. These in a university computer lab in Germany
day, seven days a week. cyber criminals may also look for a that hasn’t had an IT team in five years
computer host that has the operating due to lost funding.
CYBER CRIMINALS system they are best at penetrating In our earlier email fraud example,
QUICKLY INVEST THEIR (i.e. Windows, Linux). They are Janet’s email from her boss in Tempe,
Arizona came from a hijacked PC in
FREE MONEY always looking for computer operating
systems that haven’t been patched for Vietnam. If only Janet could have
So, where does all that free money
vulnerabilities in a long time. Many of known that before receiving the call for
go? Some of it goes to general travel,
these criminals will use emails to deliver a terror-funding money transfer.
creating fake passports, housing, and
even gambling ventures. After all, if they malware via links in the email, or use
win at gambling, they get more money. attachments like documents or computer A GEOLOCATION
If they lose, they just go scam more “helper” programs that aren’t what they PERSPECTIVE OF EMAIL
money from people with malware and seem. CRIME COMES INTO
ransomware. Or, maybe just another The cyber criminals themselves VIEW
boss scam email campaign like the one aren’t typically computer security Email security is an investment, like
experienced by Janet in the first example. experts, because they don’t have to be. any security technology strategy. The
Due to fast turnaround and the use Criminals simply use stolen money more you invest in protecting yourself
of existing infrastructure to hold cash, to purchase vulnerable information or your customers from cyber crimes,
the drug trade most directly connects found by the people who are computer the less crime will typically occur, even
the scammed dollars to the people who experts. All the criminal really needs though no strategy is 100% effective.

A data center with a lack of security investment is a breeding ground for the email cyber crime used to fund terror activities. Security
investment takes a geo-perspective, as shown in red sections of the map where phishing and malware concentrations exist.
Cyber criminals who generate revenue we see reported as terror-sponsoring/ to compromise for email campaigns,
from email campaigns aren’t looking for sponsored states. as compared to their international
the ultimate hack to show their skills. counterparts. These U.S. entities are
They’re looking for the easiest path to U.S. EFFORTS CAUSING instead targets of the crimes, instead of
revenue. GEOLOCATED CYBER systems that deliver them.
As you would see in a side road motel,
CRIME
where the front desk attendant is asleep
The U.S. Congress has taken CLOUD EXPANSION
and the locks are old, criminals will
some serious steps toward protecting CAUSING GEOLOCATED
check in and set up shop, always making
companies, government networks, and CYBER CRIME
sure not to close the motel, or remind
U.S. citizens from cyber crime. The As cloud providers have taken on the
the hotel owner that they are there. responsibility of email security, they
U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee
Security investment in email also balance the open nature of email
met in January of 2017 to review the
infrastructure can generally be classified
impact of email compromise for every communications. After all, many of
by the wealth of the country (or other
aspect of life in the U.S., including their customers will have entities in
entity) the computer host resides
the potential impact on a presidential other countries that send and receive
in. Weak government laws and little
election, but ultimately resolved to legitimate emails to them.
enforcement, a lack of funding for
the American public that they need to Thus, the geolocation door is left
security staff, a lack of controls around
protect themselves and stop looking to open and instead extreme efforts are
patching, not enforcing password
the government for answers to computer taken for user authentication (password)
expirations, and a loss of other security
cyber crimes, 85% of which occur protection and watching for anomalies
best practices has pushed criminals
over email. But the U.S. government’s in network traffic, as in the case of
literally into specific corners of the
efforts are better than most, and the government and corporate entities
world. These computer systems, even
best security innovation and investment scrambling email content.
if the criminal themselves are not, are
in the world take place in the U.S., so The cloud-based email platforms
generally located in the same regions
U.S. companies are just too difficult have continued to push crime and

activity that supports terror efforts into cloud providers all they need to trace the to improve performance and reduce
less capable network environments. email sender down to their IP address costs, unless it is to be sent to someone
Committing bulk email crimes in cloud and block it while pursuing charges in another country. This strict cloud
environments turns up as abnormal where they can. This is not the world traffic behavior makes geolocating emails
activity, while a simple customer a cyber criminal supporting terrorist even more revealing, even when both the
complaint about an email scam can give activities wants to operate in. sender and recipient are part of the same
Many cloud global cloud provider.
providers will have
U.S.-based data BANKING RULES
center resources CAUSING GEOLOCATED
and email server
CYBER CRIME
resources offshore.
Continued email fraud geolocation-
Their email traffic
restriction comes into play when the
is designed to
cyber criminals want to collect money
stay within the
from their victims, or transfer it to
country of origin
terror organizations. Banking systems

in the U.S. and many developed
countries have become very sensitive
to money movement to identify, stop,
and prosecute banking fraud used by
the criminals who are sending phishing,
malware, and ransomware emails. This
intensification of money monitoring It isn’t that all malicious emails come from
has further forced the criminal activity
into less-managed global locations, the
non-U.S. sites, but most email crimes do.
same locations reported by the U.S.
government as terror-prone, having
restricted travel for safety, or other global
warning messages.
THE GEOLOCATION OF
EMAILS
Not who the email came from,
where the email came from. With all
that we have discussed in this article, it
becomes clear that most email crimes
come from certain places due to the
same circumstances that cause all
global crimes to occur. Current security
efforts, in critical and well-funded email
environments, are working to make sure
the sender is verified at a high level, and
checking if emails contain web links
that are known dangers, and some even
encrypting the email to scramble its
contents, ensuring the email recipient is Above: Goldeneye Ransomware. Personal decryption code. Photo: BlueBreezeWiki. Top: Frame of
the only one that can read it. an animation by the Federal Trade Commission intended to educate citizens about phishing tactics.
But, it has become the physical global
origin of an email that can provide the When a server in the U.S. begins to LOCATING THE EMAIL
most understanding into an email’s propagate email crimes, it is found, SENDER FROM THEIR
intentions, and it needs to be done at a plugged, and reported. That server host
desktop email client to provide the last
EMAIL LOCATION
becomes part of a blacklist, until it is
As we have seen, crimes that use bulk
line of defense against email compromise. verified to be on track for security again.
email delivery prefer systems that will
It isn’t that all malicious emails come In less secure countries, this process is
allow massive computing power with
from non-U.S. sites, but most email rarely followed, or not in place at all.
little notice of their activities, and rarely
crimes do. Another major factor in For non-U.S. servers, it is typically a
does the email sender reside in the same
the physical locations of hosts that get U.S.-based entity that identifies, plugs,
location as the systems they use for these
away with cyber crimes is the white list/ and reports that email source to protect
purposes.
blacklist approach to threat prevention. U.S. assets.

A DCIS special agent investigates cyber crime within the DOD. Photo: Jplozai
But, terror-related activity can (and origin” can be the difference in minutes communicate every day.
does) sometimes occur directly from between life and death. Knowing where an email came from,
the computer system the criminal is as much as who it came from, can reveal
using. Examples of this could be bomb CONCLUSION an email’s intentions and provide that
threats to educational institutions, direct As we build an awareness of an email’s one last piece of awareness to stop,
threats to someone’s general safety, or geographic origins, we begin to build glance, geolocate, resolve, before acting
the phishing of information for stalking a a “trust wall” between the end users on an email’s content. •
victim’s residence or work place. In these and the criminals plotting to lock their
cases, knowing the origin of an email can computers, steal their passwords, or just ABOUT THE AUTHOR
lead investigators almost directly to the gather intelligence for other crimes. Kent Cartwright- CTO & Co-
person sending it. Email security teams everywhere Founder at eMailGPS
In cases of first responders using emails need to provide an understanding of With over 27 years in business
from runaways to their parents, emails an email’s literal geographical origin technology experience, Mr. Cartwright
received from suicide threats who won’t as it arrives in user mailboxes (after has provided business service
disclose their locations, or emails received cloud email processing), and the best monitoring strategies, professional
requesting assistance where no phone is place to do that is at the desktop email services, support, and alignment of
located and their location is unknown, client where security decisions are made people, process, and technology for
having the ability to determine “email in real-time as people work, play, and some of the largest network enterprises
in the world.

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WHY DO
AMERICAN
COMBAT
SOLDIERS
SUFFER FROM
PTSD MORE
THAN THEIR
COUNTERPARTS?
by Forest Rain
Many Marines return to the states with vivid memories of their combat experiences, and the array of emotions they face internally may be hard
to detect. While changes in behavior are more obvious, symptoms can also manifest in physical form. Photo: U.S. Marines from Arlington, VA.
24 The Counter Terrorist ~ February/March

April/May 20172017
PTSD in Israel’s Defense Forces
Are Among the Lowest in
Militaries Worldwide.
I n 2013, the Israel Defense Forces

Medical Corps Mental Health
Department released a study on post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
part in the military campaign sought
psychological help after the war, but
were not diagnosed as suffering from
PTSD. In contrast, a U.S. Army Medical
A casual observation of the prevalence
of U.S. veteran addiction, homelessness
and suicide indicates a severe problem,
especially when it is understood that
According to the study, reported cases Corps study done in approximately often these issues are connected with
of post-traumatic stress disorder among the same time period found that about PTSD and it is further understood that
Israeli soldiers are among the lowest in 8% of U.S. soldiers who served in Iraq the statistics are not the same everywhere.
militaries worldwide. and Afghanistan had been diagnosed as In other words: it doesn’t have to be this
For example, following the 2006 suffering from PTSD. way. It becomes all the more imperative
Second Lebanon War, 1.5% of Israeli According to the IDF study, PTSD to understand what makes IDF soldiers
soldiers in mandatory service and in the diagnoses in other militaries worldwide different.
reserves were diagnosed with PTSD. ranged from 2% to 17% of troops who Today, with the rise in terrorism
Some 2.9% of the servicemen who took participated in combat. worldwide, there is added impetus to

understand PTSD. While one might
be more likely to discover PTSD in
soldiers, security forces or rescue workers,
anyone who has been exposed to highly
traumatic situations (such as a terror
attack) could also be afflicted with PTSD.
Just ask the people who worked next to
the Twin Towers, the children of Beslan,
the Bastille Day revelers in Nice, or any
Israeli citizen.
WHAT IS PTSD?
Post-traumatic stress disorder, or
PTSD, is a term that many have heard
and few seem to truly understand.
Historically, a percentage of soldiers
who went to war developed odd-
seeming behaviors that were not initially
understood by those who remained
behind. Some WWI soldiers experienced
panic, terror, or flight, an inability to
reason, sleep, walk or talk and were
diagnosed with “shell shock.” In WWII,
similar symptoms were called “combat
stress reaction.” Soldiers of the Vietnam
War were said to have “post traumatic
stress disorder.”
What all the soldiers had in common
was that, contrary to apparent logic,
removal from the field of combat did not
relieve the symptoms.
Movies about the experiences of soldiers
during and after the Vietnam War brought
PTSD to public awareness but did little to
create understanding or educate people in
how to cope with the disorder.
One of the major challenges in
understanding PTSD is the fact that
most soldiers do not develop the
disorder. Since soldiers who have seen
combat have similar experiences, and
most can readapt to civilian life relatively
smoothly, many assumed that the small
percentage that were unable to do so
were flawed in some way and even An Israeli soldier with PTSD, who also suffers from a split personality.
Photo: Shiran Golan Pikiwiki, Israel

How can you heal damage to your soul (or emotions) by fixing a
flaw in your physiology? This would be like trying to fill your car’s
empty gas tank by changing a tire.
attributed their symptoms to cowardice. form. As a result, the sufferer re-experiences THE SYMPTOMS OF
Reading American literature on PTSD the traumatic situation, as a physical or
POST TRAUMA ARE A
shines light on why so many people find emotional experience, exactly as if it were
the condition confusing. The research is occurring all over again. Images, memories,
NORMAL REACTION
varied and results are often conflicting. noises and odors that were part of the TO AN UNNATURAL
Much of the material consists of long lists original traumatic experience return, in SITUATION
of possible symptoms and hypotheses an overwhelming manner that feels like an It is important to understand that
regarding what types of physical/ assault. Since this intrusive, uncontrollable PTSD does not indicate weakness, a flaw
biological conditions might lead to a experience is in and of itself traumatic, in character, moral fiber or temperament.
predisposition towards the disorder. victims make an effort to avoid anything The symptoms of PTSD are emotional
The material raises more questions that might remind them of the traumatic and physical sensations that then become
than it answers. Most significantly: why event, creating a cycle of the intrusion and exacerbated due to behaviors that are the
are only some of the people exposed to avoidance. This cycle is the heart of Post- result of the intrusion–avoidance cycle.
trauma afflicted? Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
It seems that much of the research was It is interesting to note that the Intrusion
done with the goal of finding medication word used in the Hebrew text that was Comprehending the burden of
that could solve the problem. This translated as “the emotional/psychological intrusive traumatic events is difficult for
suggests a number of assumptions: system” actually means the system of the anyone who has not had the experience.
a) There is something psychologically “soul.” In Israel, health-related issues are Probably most people would picture the
flawed in the person suffering from divided into those relating to the physical types of flashback scenes they saw in
PTSD. body and those relating to the soul. Those movies: the soldier, back in civilian life,
b) The problem is caused by or has who desire to do so can interpret the hears a loud noise, a car back-firing or a
created a chemical imbalance that can be term “soul” as an emotional system or door slam, and suddenly has a flashback
controlled by external methods (drugs) to as a psychological system, but no matter to being shot at on the battlefield or
solve or at least control the situation. how this is interpreted, it is understood having bombs exploding next to him.
c) There is a potential for profit: that there are issues that are physical and While cinematographic constructs of
purchase the right solution and the issues that are intangible, i.e. of the soul. flashbacks are dramatic, they are actually
patient can be cured. Language can dictate the way we think of poor explanations of what is being
To contrast, this explanation is from things and often change outcomes. experienced. The intrusive memory is not
Israel’s National Trauma Center for It is not a matter of simple a flash-back but more like a flash-now.
Victims of Terrorism and War: terminology; this is a fundamental Something in the present triggers the
When exposed to a traumatic event, the difference in medical approach that memory of the experience of the event
emotional/psychological system is flooded influences both understanding and with all of its physical and emotional
with more stimuli than it can contain treatment. How can you heal damage to sensations. The person is not transported
and process. The stimuli remain in the your soul (or emotions) by fixing a flaw back to their memory, rather the event is
system, in their raw, unprocessed state and in your physiology? This would be like recreated and relived in the present.
occasionally return, forcing their way in trying to fill your car’s empty gas tank by
to the person’s awareness in their original changing a tire. “Burning chicken smells

Pfc. Ben Bradley (left), a Bulldog Troop, Red Platoon scout from the 7th Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment, ducks away from insurgent
machine gun fire, as fellow scout Sgt. Jeff Sheppard, launches a M-203 grenade at the enemy’s position, during a combat engagement in
northern Bala Murghab Valley, Badghis province, Afghanistan April, 2011. Bradley, Sheppard, Air Force Tech. Sgt. Kevin Wallace, Navy Petty
Officer 2rd Class Ryan Lee and his military working dog “Valdo” were wounded by a rocket propelled grenade blast in the engagement. Photo:
Master Sgt. Kevin Wallace
exactly the same as soldiers have had this experience and can recall the person in an uncontrollable manner.
burning in a tank.” the smell. Only some of these soldiers He isn’t recalling the event; he is re-
One day I was cooking chicken. have PTSD that manifests in intrusive experiencing it now, in the present.
Distracted, I accidently let it burn. memories of the event. What’s the Intrusive symptoms can include an
My husband had an extreme, difference? all-sensory or partial sensory reexperience
disproportionate reaction I found utterly of the traumatic event. Often senses that
incomprehensible. I thought to myself, Standard memory: The person one is not entirely aware of at the time
“Why is he so upset? Only part of it will recognize that the smell they smell take on a powerful role in the sense-
burned, it isn’t ruined, and anyway, it’s today is like what they smelled as a memory (such as smell or sound). The
just food…” Seeing I didn’t understand, soldier, on the battlefield. This may bring sense of danger that overwhelmed the
he took a breath and told me: “Burning up other upsetting details of the event person at the time overwhelms them
chicken smells exactly the same as soldiers and yet the person remains in control of again. They might feel panic, an urge
burning in a tank.” He walked out of their memory. They are in the here and to flee, and maybe a feeling of fury at
the room and I didn’t ask any more now and are recalling something that themselves or others.
questions. I have made sure to never let happened in the past. They are looking at These uncontrollable feelings are
chicken burn since. their memory, not reliving it. upsetting. Not knowing what might
Imagine being in your living room, trigger them causes an underlying
waiting for dinner to be ready. Nothing PTSD intrusive memory: The constant stress, making it hard to
can be more banal. Suddenly a smell smell triggers the memory and suddenly concentrate and function normally. Fear
triggers the memory of soldiers being the burning tank is in the living room, of the experiences resurfacing in dreams
burned alive in a tank. Many soldiers the feelings of that event washing over or nightmares can cause insomnia, which
JBLM leaders discuss Army’s new direction for PTSD evaluations.

can then lead to physical health issues. which leads to difficulty remembering down their emotions. Knowing that
Often, the victim does not understand details of the experience even when this is the traumatic experience can suddenly
what is happening, which in turn desired. (This can be an issue with victims resurface but not knowing when this
increases the feeling of helplessness and of a violent crime who need to testify in a might happen causes extreme stress
intensifies the suffering. courtroom.) (hyperarousal). This leads many people
I once heard a U.S. Marine who fought to become irritable, impatient, defensive,
Avoidance in the Battle of Fallujah explain that he and prone to angry outbursts. Others
The intrusive traumatic memories are felt “quenched” like a steel sword that begin to avoid all emotions. These people
so unpleasant that the person suffering had been heated up and cooled down in find it difficult to feel warm emotions,
from them instinctively takes steps to order to be forged into the sharp Marine even toward those they love, and they
avoid them. This can manifest in a wide he was trained to be. He felt that this begin to find it impossible to enjoy
variety of ways including: had turned off his emotions, making activities that previously brought them
• Efforts not to think, feel or talk their expression next to impossible. This joy (a strong emotion).
about the traumatic event. is an interesting description, particularly Avoidance may serve the victim well
• Avoiding places, activities, and as this soldier also suffered from PTSD in the short run, creating the illusion
people who might trigger memories of and it is actually the fear of reliving the of control over the problem, but in the
the traumatic event. traumatic experience that causes many long run avoidance becomes a fixation
• Memory suppression of the event, people experiencing the disorder to shut and significantly damages the quality
Sgt. Shane P. Santelli, therapeutically paints through his PTSD healing process. He donates 70 percent of the proceeds from the sale of his
paintings to military friendly organizations. Photo: Lance Cpl. Andrea Cleopatra Dickerson

of life. Over time, continuous use of lead them to think poorly of themselves, don’t have a soldier in their own family
avoidance as a coping mechanism can be angry at themselves for being fearful. live next to a household with a soldier.
actually exacerbate the problem. The But true courage is not lack of fear. It is the Virtually every person does reserve duty
desire to avoid in itself is evidence that ability to feel fear and do what is necessary and/or has colleagues who take leave from
the intrusive element of the trauma is still despite the fear. People suffering from work to go to reserve duty. Israelis pass
present and will, sooner or later, return in PTSD die a thousand deaths, experience soldiers on the bus, in the train and in the
the form of intrusive symptoms. a thousand traumas. Being able to endure store. Even those portions of society that
this and continue to do other activities is do not enlist (such as Orthodox Jews)
WHO IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO nothing short of astounding. have seen soldiers and had interactions
PTSD? with soldiers. This means that many
My experience with people traumatized WHY DO ISRAELI Israelis who have not themselves been on
by war and terrorism has revealed a SOLDIERS SUFFER LESS? a battlefield have secondary experience
pattern indicating who is susceptible to with those who have. They have dealt
Israeli soldiers aren’t different. It is
PTSD. Although much stigma has been with injuries and deaths of friends and
Israel itself that is different.
attached to PTSD, it is family, brothers, and sisters.
important to note that it The prevalence of terrorism
has nothing to do with means that there is little
cowardice or any type of separation between the soldier on
flaw in personality. In fact, the battlefield and the mother in
the opposite is true. her home, the child walking to
The people who are school, or the father driving to
more susceptible to PTSD work. Many Israeli civilians have
are the ones who are more found themselves under attack by
sensitive, the people who terrorists with rocks, knives, guns,
are capable of imagining: and suicide bombs. Others have
“What if?” These are the witnessed attacks or seen their
people who imagine, aftermath. Others are related or
“What if I had been the connected with those who have
one who was shot?” They been in these situations.
wonder to themselves The average Israeli knows
why it wasn’t them. Very or can imagine what a soldier
often these are the most or a victim of terrorism has
heroic people. They are the experienced. Personal experience
soldiers who, with their creates understanding and
ingenuity and courage, in compassion for the pain of others.
addition to saving themselves, succeed
History
in pulling two friends out of a burning Experience Israel’s current generation of forty- to
tank and later berate themselves for Unlike in other first world democracies, sixty-year-olds grew up with Holocaust
being unable to save the third soldier there is no person in Israel who is survivors. They didn’t understand the
who remained behind. They are the ones untouched by terrorism or war; soldiers survivors or their sometimes-strange
who hold themselves up to impossible are an integral part of Israeli society. behaviors. Some survivors picked up
standards, who have the highest levels of The IDF is a citizens’ army, consisting half-eaten sandwiches that other people
compassion and are willing to sacrifice of our fathers, brothers, husbands, had thrown away and put them in their
the most for others. friends, sisters, and daughters. Almost pockets, just in case. Others were terrified
These people are not less courageous; every household has a soldier, if not a of dogs. Some clung to their children.
they are more courageous. The intrusive number of soldiers, many of whom have Others almost never touched their
traumatic memories they experience often fought in multiple wars. Those who children. Some were perfectly normal in

the day but screamed in their sleep. One of the reasons traumatic events of emotional poison that overloads the
It took many years for people can be scarring is that they often seem soul/psyche, effective measures can be
to understand that these behaviors completely random, creating a feeling of taken to both prevent and treat those
developed as a result of the extreme helplessness. The soldier may question that are suffering.
trauma the survivors had experienced. why his friend was killed and not him. Drugs may numb symptoms like
Later on, it was discovered that trauma After all, seconds before, he was standing anxiety or insomnia, but they cannot heal
could be passed on, that the second exactly where his friends stood when the the symptoms, because they don’t address
generation, the children of the survivors, bomb exploded. The person riding the the cause of the problem.
had developed their own form of trauma- earlier bus might question why she left The greatest need for someone suffering
related behaviors. the house earlier that day and wasn’t on from PTSD is to be understood and
The average Israeli knows that terrible the bus that was blown up in the terror then to find an outlet for their emotions.
experiences alter the psyche and affect attack—the bus she normally rode to For this reason, many of the beneficial
behavior. work. The lack of control over traumatic support programs developed combine
events that occurred or could occur in work with animals (who do not demand
Attitude the future is frightening. In Israel, this explanations and don’t judge) or non-
“What doesn’t kill you makes you is tempered with a collective purpose. verbal activities that create a peaceful
stronger.” Everyone goes to the army for the same place for the soul/psyche, such as art
Israelis have developed an attitude reason. Everyone suffers from terror therapy or physical activity in nature.
of “What doesn’t kill you makes you attacks for the same reason. The individual One of the most powerful ways to regain
stronger.” Although this expression cannot control what is happening but at the feeling of control that PTSD steals
is often said jokingly, regarding small least they know why it’s happening. from the victim is to empower them to
uncomfortable situations like going mentor others. Who better to teach that
to the dentist or telling a child to do Love every one of us has the choice to be a
something they don’t like, it is indicative Honor is something you do from far •
survivor, not a victim?
of a societal mindset. Israelis’ experiences away. Love is something up close and
as individuals and as a nation have taught personal. While Americans honor and ABOUT THE AUTHOR
that terrible things will happen. Some respect their soldiers, Israelis love their Forest Rain was born in Detroit and
people will die as a result but those who soldiers passionately. To Israelis, soldiers immigrated with her family to Israel
survive will be stronger because of it. This aren’t heroic figures you throw parades at the age of thirteen. She served in
is the mindset of resilience. for and give medals to. They are our boys, the IDF Northern Command as an
our girls, our family. You feed them, make Ordnance Corps Personnel Coordination
“Maybe it’s because of something he sure they are warm and comfortable, let Sgt. After her service, Forest Rain co-
experienced.” them sleep on your shoulder next to you developed and co-directed a project to
A lawyer I once met was obviously on the bus. It doesn’t matter if you never aid victims of terrorism and war. These
brilliant but also obsessive and prone saw them before and don’t know their activities gave her extensive firsthand
to temperamental fits. I was told about name. It doesn’t matter if they come from experience with the emotional and
him: “Oh yeah, he’s nuts. But maybe it’s a different background than you or have psychological processes of civilians,
because of something he went through a personality you don’t like. The minute soldiers and their families, wounded
[as a soldier].” In a single breath, there they put on the uniform, they belong to and/or bereaved and traumatized by
was a swift judgement, forgiveness and you and you belong to them. Each soldier terrorism and war (grief, guilt, PTSD,
understanding. could be anyone’s soldier, so you do for etc.). Forest Rain is a Marketing
Generally Israeli society is willing to give someone else’s son or daughter exactly Communications and Branding expert.
people the benefit of the doubt and forgive what you would hope someone would do Connect with Forest Rain
unpleasant behaviors if and when they are for yours. Inspiration from Zion: www.
a result of previously experienced trauma. InspirationFromZion.com
CONCLUSION Twitter: @frisrael
It’s different when you are fighting for When it is understood that PTSD is Email: [email protected]
your home not a physiological problem but a type

HYPERBARIC
OXYGEN
THERAPY
Helping Those with the
Invisible Wounds of War
by Anthony E. Jones, Major U.S.
Air Force, ret.
Navy Petty Officer 3rd Class Benjamin Knauth (blue), a 29-year-old native of Centennial, Colo., and Petty Officer 2nd Class Dustin Koch,
a 26-year-old native of Las Cruces, N.M., corpsmen with 3rd Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, place reassuring hands on the shoulder of
an Afghan National Policeman while examining his injuries in the battalion aid station here following an attack by a suicide bomber in
Helmand province’s Garmsir district, April 19, 2012. U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Reece Lodder

In the spring of 2010, one of my students
in our tactical driving course told me about
hyperbaric oxygen therapy, or HBOT, for war
veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
H

e had noticed my headaches
and I had told him that I
had been blown up in Iraq, resulting
in multiple concussions. He also told
explosive device (IED) blast in Iraq,
who had been helped by HBOT. He
went on about the research and success
many YouTube videos, but then I found
out this young man had a PhD, and
was entrenched deeply in the industry.
of Dr. Paul Harch, of Louisiana State Always searching for a way to ease my
me about two U.S. Air Force airmen, University School of Medicine. At first, “brain pain” (what I call my headaches)
injured by a roadside improvised I assumed he had watched one too and to bypass a future of possible

The author’s home HBOT Chamber. Photo: Major Jones.
Alzheimer’s, I started looking into it. intracranial abscesses, and compromised

In HBOT, the patient breathes pure skin grafts and flaps.i It provides oxygen,
oxygen, under pressure, which speeds breathed under pressure, to deep tissues
it through the bloodstream, reducing inside the body. The oxygen helps the
edema, activating senescent neurons, healing and regrowth of damage at the
down-regulating inflammation, cellular level. The standard protocol
promoting growth of neural pathways, for a TBI regimen is forty treatments,
stopping swelling/reperfusion injury or “dives,” in a sealed and pressurized
(damaged tissue due to lack of oxygen), chamber, at 1.5 atmospheres of pressure
restarting stunned cellular metabolism, (atm), equivalent to an hour of diving
stimulating white blood cells, regrowing underwater at 33 feet of depth. The
blood vessels, and activating stem cells pressure causes oxygen to saturate tissues
eight times faster than normal. at a rate seven to twelve times that of
HBOT is approved by the FDA to treat normal breathing.
over 14 different conditions, including The military has spent tens of millions
diabetic open foot/leg wounds, soft of dollars doing research, only to come
tissue injuries, acute skin burns, carbon to the conclusion that the science
monoxide poisoning, crush injuries, behind HBOT is not provable. Yet, ten
decompression sickness, severe anemia, times as many studies, nationally and

internationally, show just the opposite!
The latest research study funded by the
U.S. Department of Defense and the
military medical system showed that
there was no significant effect on post-
concussive symptoms.ii “The researchers
were told by many participants that they
felt better, that their traumatic brain
injury or PTSD symptoms improved,
but the researchers hypothesized that
these ‘improvements’ were placebo
effects.” iii It significantly downplayed
the actual improvements of many of the
participants, although there are dozens
more studies from countries all over
the world, touting the opposite. Russia,
China, Israel, to name a few. The cost? Of
course it’s the cost.
In the fall of 2010, I purchased my
own chamber. The cost was nearly
$20,000. I made the purchase to give
myself every chance of maintaining my
brain health, hopefully stalling any future
deterioration of dementia, Alzheimer’s,
and neurodegenerative disease.
Dr. Paul Harch is a groundbreaker
and long-term advocate for Hyperbaric
Oxygen Therapy. His 2010 Louisiana
State University School of Medicine
IRB-approved study of 15 blast-
injured veterans showed a significant
improvement in patients treated with
HBOT iv. Patients showed an average
IQ jump of 15 points in 30 days, 40%
improvement rate in post-concussion
syndrome symptoms, 30% reduction
in PTS symptoms and 51% decrease in
depression. Yet a similar study done by
the Department of Defense showed no
significant improvement. Come on?
The U.S. Olympic team has
treated numerous sports injuries and
concussions, as has the U.S. military’s
Special Operations Command, who have
used HBOT to treat knee replacements, A U.S. Army soldier with Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 17th Infantry Regiment covers
fractures, and concussions, as well his ear as a controlled detonation destroys an improvised explosive device during Operation
as hundreds of professional athletes, Helmand Spider in Badula Qulp, Afghanistan, on Feb. 23, 2010. Photo: Defense.gov News

A Stryker on its side after surviving a buried IED blast on April 15, 2007. The Stryker was recovered and protected its soldiers on more
missions until another bomb finally put it out of action. The Stryker was hit by a deeply buried improvised explosive device while conducting
operations just south of the Shiek Hamed village in Iraq. (also see the article: Photo: www.flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/
including football players, MMA this treatment, you are shuffled around,
fighters, soccer players, rugby players and stalled, and left to your own devices.
professional wrestlers. Air Force research On August 21st of 2005, U.S. Army
demonstrated that fractures heal 30% Brig. Gen. Patt Maney was blown up by
faster and stronger under HBOT v. There an improvised explosive device (IEDvi.
are also hundreds of plastic surgeons The blast left him with a transient loss
across the country using HBOT post- of consciousness, and several seconds’
surgery to speed the healing process. anterograde memory loss (loss of the
Our U.S. military’s Special Operations ability to create new memories after the
Command is using this. Why weren’t we event). Other symptoms he had were
told about HBOT? Oh yeah: equipment, headaches, short-term memory loss, and
infrastructure and manpower. The cost. fatigue. He was medically evacuated to
Here’s the deal. We aren’t offering Walter Reed in Washington, DC, where
our wounded warriors the best possible his cognitive deficits were noted as low
treatment, so unless you discover normal. He was medically retired in April
this on your own, or are somehow of 2007.
connected with those who know about General Maney was not only a

military officer, but a Florida county
judge, as well. This injury left him
Here’s the deal. We aren’t offering our
unable to balance a checkbook, wounded warriors the best possible
understand the storyline of a TV show,
read a paragraph in the newspaper, as
treatment, so unless you discover this on
well as remember what he had just read. your own, or are somehow connected with
This was very similar to my experience
those who know about this treatment, you
my first year back. I understand these
feelings all too well. are shuffled around, stalled, and left to your
With his wife as his advocate, she own devices.
discovered HBOT through Dr. Albert
Zant, Jr. According to Gen. Maney, and he was able to return to duty in the and with VA officials. For many of
“We were initially told about HBOT by summer of 2007, as a judge in Okaloosa the meetings, I was accompanied by a
Dr. Zant, who then consulted with the County, Florida. former Secretary of the Army.” This was
PM&R physician at Walter Reed and This was in 2007, just prior to my a general officer attempting to get the
with the, then hospital commander, both injuries. Why wasn’t the success of word out and it seems as even he was
wonderful physicians who were willing General Maney’s case broadcast out to mostly dismissed. Trying to advocate
to try something different. The hospital those who could assist other blast victims? with an ongoing brain injury can in
commander had to contact Tricare to The media? This success could have been itself be exhausting, yet he tried, and still
have the treatment at GWU Hospital passed down to the tens of thousands of advocates to this day. What do you have
authorized.” TBI-wounded warriors who followed to do?
He began the Dr. Harch protocol at him, yet they weren’t. Here’s another one. In January of
George Washington University one year I contacted General Maney for my 2008, two United States Air Force
post his incident/injury. There he had book and he told me, “I have tried to airmen from the 720th Special Tactics
80 dives at 1.5 atm, of one hour, with disseminate the information, but the Group, Hurlburt Field, Florida, were
blocks of 40 each. He showed noticeable DOD and VA medical establishments injured by a roadside IED blast in Iraq.vii
improvement at 18 dives. At 25 dives were and are resistant. With several Although both survived with no physical
he was much more sociable and had other volunteers, I’ve met and written to wounds, both suffered from TBI
less fatigue. After 80 dives there was a members of Congress, Surgeons General concussive injuries. Soon afterwards they
significant improvement in his cognition of each of the services at different times, both developed insomnia, headaches,

insomnia improved quickly, while
irritability, cognitive defects, and
memory problems improved more slowly.
Follow-up testing at nine and twelve
months post-injury showed continued
improvement in all areas. Both airmen
were returned to duty, saving the
government an estimated $2.6 million
each in lifetime disability cost. Most
importantly, their brain pain was gone.
Gen. Maney was injured in August
of 2005. These two airmen in 2008. I
was hit twice in 2007, yet no one ever
mentioned HBOT to me as a treatment
option. This not only affects me, but
upwards of 70,000 known combat blast
injuries, as well as the millions of civilians
who are living with TBI.
Again, it seems as if the easiest and
cheapest methodology is to medicate
the patient with pills, send them to
counseling, medically discharge or retire
Major Jones in Baghdad. them, and/or leave them to their own
resolve. With veteran suicide at an all
irritability, memory difficulties, and before-and-after analysis of any TBIs. time high, we should be doing everything
other cognitive issues, typically what I Six months after being injured, the two possible to help our war veterans. I
call “brain pain.” airmen were tested again and the scores personally know warfighters who have
Prior to their deployment, they were notably decreased, showing marked comitted suicide because they could no
were tested with the Automated deficiencies in memory and thinking longer take the painful headaches.
Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, ability. When we go to war we “plan” on
or ANAM. This is a computer-based Once again, these two airmen were also blowing things up. In turn, we know our
testing tool designed to observe the able to get treated with HBOT. Someone enemy will do the same. Kill or be killed.
speed and accuracy of the person’s knew something? The special operations We have to realize that a “plan” must
attention, memory, and thinking ability. community knew something. These be in place to maintain a healthy and
It’s conducted prior to an individual’s successes were documented. Were they intelligent fighting force. We must plan
deployment and is used to identify and buried? for their return and the care they will
monitor an individual who is involved Both airmen had continuous symptoms need to reintegrate back into society and
in a brain-related injury. This allows a of TBI, which did not improve for almost become thriving members once more. We
seven months did not learn that lesson after World Wars
and were on track I and II, Korea, and Vietnam, and we
to be medically must learn it now. We owe our combat
discharged. With veterans.
HBOT, substantial At a minimum, portable HBOT
improvement was chambers like mine should be located at
made within the every Combat Support Hospital (CSH)
first two weeks. deployed to a hostile area. The cost is
Headaches and minimal—fifteen to twenty thousand

dollars—and it requires minimal space, a A hospital corpsman cleans facial
ten-by-eight foot area. This can be used wounds after an improvised explosive
immediately on any blast victims while device attack during a patrol in
they’re recuperating from their injuries. I Afghanistan. Photo: U.S. Marine
would have been there everyday. Corps,Cpl. Michael J. Ayotte
Out of every war, our medical
communities learn valuable lessons in life-
saving protocols. When it comes to blood
loss, pneumothorax, airway obstructions, The Iraq and Afghanistan wars have birthed a
eye and ear injuries, infections and new group of blast-related TBI victims. Over the
amputations, these wars have produced
dramatic increases in survivability. These
next forty years, these blast victims will require
lessons have helped millions of civilians care. This is the next combat concussion crisis.
as a result. We need to put into practice
some of the newest and most advanced victims. Over the next forty years, these I hope that in the next war, HBOT
protocols for TBIs, giving our veterans blast victims will require care. This is the chambers will be deployed to the combat
every possibility of a future without next combat concussion crisis. We are just support hospitals in the field. I’ve spent
neurodegenerative diseases. now acknowledging TBI, but much like hundreds of hours in my chamber, firmly
The Iraq and Afghanistan wars have professional football concussions, the real believing HBOT has helped. It is now part
birthed a new group of blast-related TBI manifestations are yet to be realized. of my long-term management strategy. •
Israeli Security
Concepts
A Comprehensive Guide
For Selecting Training
And Deploying A Security
Team For Installation And
Personnel Protection
BY GARRET MACHINE, CPP

TO PURCHASE: AMZN.COM/1453769838

REFERENCES Neubauer, Richard A. 2011. “U.S. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
iv
i
“Report to Congress on the Use of Veteran Pilot Trial LSU IRB #7051 Major Anthony Jones is a businessman,
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Medical Care and HBOT.” Harch Hyperbarics Inc. http:// author and retired Major in the United
Research in Response to H.R. 3326, the www.hbot.com/us-veteran-pilot-trial-lsu- States Air Force. In his book Brain Pain,
Department of Defense Appropriations irb-7051-hbot-tbiptsd-preliminary-data. he gives an honest and raw account of
Act for Fiscal Year 2010.” 2011. RefID:
v
Duncan, Bill. “Hyperbarics for surviving and living with traumatic
1-9B17BF9. Athletes” [PowerPoint presentation, brain injury and post-traumatic stress
ii
Wolf, George, David Cifu, Laura slide 21]. Accessed 2013. http://www. disorder, the results of the injuries he
Baugh, William Carne, and Leonardo slideshare.net/robertinseattle/hyperbarics- suffered after serving in Iraq in 2007.
Profenna. 2012. “The Effect of for-athletes-dr-bill-duncan The U.S. airman lived through multiple
Hyperbaric Oxygen on Symptoms after
vi
Brooks, Steve B. 2011. “The War explosions and concussions, and has spent
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury” Journal Within: Part II - Paths to Healing.” the better part of a decade dealing with
of Neurotrauma, 29(17): 2606-2612. http://www.legion.org/magazine/159052/ the debilitating physical and emotional
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2549. war-within-part-ii-paths-healing, scars of his blast-related injuries. Anthony
iii
Miller, R. Scott, and Charles W. (accessed 2013.) now lives in Las Vegas, Nevada, where
Hoge. 2014. 11/17/2014, “Effects of
vii
Wright, James K., Eddie Zant, he runs his own company: Core Group
Hyperbaric Oxygen on Postconcussion Kevin Groom, Robert E. Schlegel, and Security Consultants, Bodyguard and
Symptoms in Military Members.” Last Kirby Gilliland. 2009. “Case report: Investigations Company.
updated November 11, 2014. http://media. Treatment of mild traumatic brain injury http://majoranthonyjones.com/
jamanetwork.com/news-item/effects-of- with hyperbaric oxygen.” UHM 36(6). http://coregroupsecurity.com/
hyperbaric-oxygen-on-postconcussion-
symptoms-in-military-members/

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TRAINING REVIEW
Israeli National Police

Civil Qualification by Editorial Staff
T his is a qualification
course to become
a certified police officer
volunteer in the state of
function is traffic
enforcement.
While this may
be a primary
Israel. The course lasts responsibility of
for approximately one their American
month and qualifies counterparts, it is
you on three weapon not a priority or
systems, vehicle seen as a source of
operations, fraudulent revenue for the state.
documentation Some students
detection, basic in the class chose
investigations, security to qualify on their
operations, mass casually own personal
management, and handguns and use
surveillance. them for patrol duty
The general population and for concealed
is open to apply for the more veteran volunteers who helped teach carry while off
course provided they can pass a level the course used personal gear they had duty. A concealed carry license is not
four security clearance (same as full purchased. Most graduates will join the easy to get in Israel, and not everyone
time officers) and are in good physical patrol division, where they will find the is entitled to own a weapon. You must
condition. The course I observed had action they are looking for and be able demonstrate a true need and proficiency.
about thirty participants ranging from to contribute where most needed. Upon While license holders may have national
young people fresh out of military service graduation, each volunteer is assigned a reciprocity, they are only authorized to
to older people who were retired from the manager and becomes part of a chain of use the weapon that they used to pass
police force. command. Most contribute eight hours the qualification course. Students must
The course is held two to three times a month, or one shift, while others can requalify every six months in the police
a year at each of the country’s large work up to a forty hour workweek. and every year as civilians.
municipal police stations. In some cases, Volunteers who graduate this course It says a lot about a society when
students can option for the border guard have full police powers while on duty and everyday citizens sign up for such a
or MAGAV, which is the combat wing of are issued 9mm pistols and AR-15 rifles course and are trusted and empowered to
the police. Service there will mostly be in (prior to taking up shift). However, when augment police officers. In conclusion, I
Jerusalem and other border locations. This off duty they posses no powers of arrest or would say that the training accomplished
particular course was for people wishing to any law enforcement authority. exactly what it sought to accomplish in
work in the center of the country. An interesting fact is that law preparing citizens to work side by side
After graduation, students are issued enforcement in Israel is focused almost with full time officers responding to 911
the same uniforms and equipment as full- entirely on terrorism and violent crime. calls. The course was interesting and
time sworn officers and are even issued In the entire state, there are only some informative, although I will admit boring
police identification cards. Some of the seventy officers on duty whose primary at times. •
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48 Advanced Homeland Security Workshop in Israel • www.homelandsecurityssi.com.................................. 215
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HARDENING SOFT TARGETS IN YOUR AOR • HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY • EMAIL CRIMES FUNDING GLOBAL TERROR

Journal for Law Enforcement, Intelligence & Special Operations Professionals

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4 The Counter Terrorist ~Circle

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“It’s Not Just Who Emails

I t’s 8:35 am on a Tuesday morning,

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against the clock to something as simple as the daily living

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To learn more, visit AMUONLINE.COM/COUNTER-TERRORIST

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I n 2013, the Israel Defense Forces

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JBLM leaders discuss Army’s new direction for PTSD evaluations.

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Alzheimer’s, I started looking into it. intracranial abscesses, and compromised

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BY GARRET MACHINE, CPP

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