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    Science Chapter 6 Periodic Table

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    Anne Marian Anak JOSEPH
    This document discusses elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines an element as the simplest form of substance that cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed via chemical reactions and contain two or more chemically bonded elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that can be separated using physical methods. The document contrasts physical and chemical changes and properties of mixtures versus compounds.

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    Science Chapter 6 Periodic Table

    Uploaded by

    Anne Marian Anak JOSEPH
    27 views27 pages
    This document discusses elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines an element as the simplest form of substance that cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed via chemical reactions and contain two or more chemically bonded elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that can be separated using physical methods. The document contrasts physical and chemical changes and properties of mixtures versus compounds.

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    Science Chapter 6 periodic table

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    This document discusses elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines an element as the simplest form of substance that cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed via chemical reactions and contain two or more chemically bonded elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that can be separated using physical methods. The document contrasts physical and chemical changes and properties of mixtures versus compounds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views27 pages

    Science Chapter 6 Periodic Table

    Uploaded by

    Anne Marian Anak JOSEPH
    This document discusses elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines an element as the simplest form of substance that cannot be broken down further. Compounds are formed via chemical reactions and contain two or more chemically bonded elements. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that can be separated using physical methods. The document contrasts physical and chemical changes and properties of mixtures versus compounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 6

    Periodic Table
    Prepared by:
    MUHAMMAD ALIF ISKANDAR BIN
    HASLAN FADLI
    MUHAMMAD FAAIQ BIN DANISH SUFIAN
    6.1
    CLASSIFICATION
    OF ELEMENT
    WHAT IS AN ELEMENT ?
    AN ELEMENT IS THE SIMPLEST FORM OF SUBSTANCE. IT CANNOT BE DIVIDED TO
    TWO OR MORE SIMPLER SUBSTANCES. THERE IS ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM IN AN
    ELEMENT.
    IRON,OXYGEN,HYDROGEN,ALUMINIUM,CARBON AND COPPER ARE ELEMENTS.
    OXYGEN IS THE MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS THAT EXISTS ON EARTH.
    H H O
    O
    O
    O
    H H
    O
    O

    Hydrogen
    Oxygen Tank
    Tank
    WHAT IS COMPOUND ?
    A COMPOUND CONSISTS OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS
    COMBINED CHEMICALLY. IT IS PRODUCED FROM A CHEMICAL
    REACTION. COMPOUNDS CAN BE PRODUCED IN THE
    LABORATORY OR IN A NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. EXAMPLES
    OF COMPOUNDS ARE ALUMINIUM OXIDE,ZINC SULPHIDE,IRON
    CHLORIDE,SUGAR,WATER,SALT.
    Elements in the
    Elements in the compound : compound :
    Sodium and Chlorine Carbon , Hydrogen and
    Oxygen

    Salt

    Sugar
    PERIODIC TABLE
    ATOM AND MOLECULE
    AN ATOM CONSISTS OF THREE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES, WHICH ARE PROTONS,NEUTRONS
    AND ELECTRONS. PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE INSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM, WHILE
    THE ELECTRONS CIRCLE AROUND THE NUCLEUS.

    THE STRUCTURE OF
    ATOM PARTICLE WITH
    POSITIVE CHARGE

    NEUTRAL PARTICLE WITH


    NO CHARGE

    PARTICLE WITH
    NEGATIVE CHARGE
    THE NUCLEUS HAS AN OVERALL POSITIVE CHARGE DUE TO THE POSITIVELY –
    CHARGED PROTONS IN IT. THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM IS EQUAL
    TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS. THUS, AN ATOM IS NEUTRAL.
    METALS NON - METALS
    1) ALUMINIUM 1) IODINE
     MALLEABLE  BLACK CRYSTAL
     STRONG AND LIGHT  POISONOUS
     GREY AND SHINY  ANTI SEPTIC
    2) IRON
    2) CHLORINE
     STRONG
     MALLEABLE
     GREENISH YELLOW GAS
     MAGNETIC SUBSTANCE
     BLEACHING
     A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR  POISONOUS
     GREY 3)SULPHUR
     YELLOW POWDER
    3)COPPER  POISONOUS
     STRONG
    4)CARBON
     RUSTPROOF
     DUCTILE (BENDS EASILY)  BLACK
     A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR  SMOOTH
     BROWN  LIGHT
     THE ONLY NON – METAL ELEMENT THAT
    4)ZINC CAN CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
     STRONG
     GREY
     A GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR
    6.2 Mixtures
    Definition of mixtures
    • consist of two or more elements or compounds
    mixed physically
    • Examples of mixture:
    - Air batu campur
    - Burger
    - Hotdog
    - Cocktail
    Methods to separate mixture
    • If the mixture is formed physically, it can also be separated
    physically
    • Method to separate mixture is shown as below
    - filtration
    - distillation
    - separation using magnet
    - sedimentation
    - floatation
    - chromatography
    - sieving
    filtration
    Method used to separate an insoluble
    solid from a mixture of solid and liquid.
    distillation
    • Method used to
    separate a completely
    miscible liquid-liquid
    mixture that have
    different boiling points
    Separation using magnet

    • Magnetic attraction can be used to


    separate two solid mixtures in which one
    of the substances is magnetic while the
    other is not
    • Iron, nickel and cobalt are example of
    magnetic metals.
    • Gold, bronze and aluminum are
    examples of non-magnetic metals.
    Sedimentation

    • When sand is poured into a beaker filled with water, two


    layers will form in which water is at the upper layer and
    the sand is deposited at the base of the beaker.
    • Sand is not soluble in water and has higher density.
    Therefore, sedimentation method is used to separate a
    liquid and insoluble solid mixture
    Floatation
    • Used to separate soluble and insoluble
    materials in water
    • For example, oil has lower density than
    water
    • Therefore, oil will float on the water
    surface. A separating funnel can be
    used to separate the water and the oil
    Chromatography
    6.3
    Compounds
    Definition of compound
    • Consist of two or more elements mixed
    chemically
    • Has specific characteristic for each compound
    • Water is a basic example of compound
    • There are metals that would react when
    Combination combined chemically with non-metal
    element
    between metal and • Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper

    non metal
    are the example of metals that will react
    when combined with non-metal(oxygen)
    • The example of the compound created can
    be seen from the table.
    Alkali • Alkali compound is created by mixing

    compound
    metals that will react with water
    • Alkali compound releasee hydrogen gas
    • Lithium, sodium and potassium is classified
    as alkali metals
    Iron and
    Sulphur
    powder will
    form iron
    sulphide
    when heated.
    Methods to separate compounds

    • Compounds cannot be
    separated physically like
    mixture because elements in
    a compound are bonded
    chemically
    • Compound can only be separated
    by electrolysis
    • Electrolysis is a chemical
    decomposition of a compound to
    its elements by passing an electric
    current through the compound.
    • Physical change does not • Chemical change forms a
    Difference form a new substance new substance which is
    different from its original
    between • example: ice melting, water
    freezing, water boiling
    substance
    physical and • Examples: rusting of iron,
    photosynthesis, decaying
    chemical of leaf and cell respiration

    change
    Comparison
    between
    physical and
    chemical
    change
    Mixtures Comparisons Compounds
    No Formation of new substance Yes

    No Chemical bond Yes

    Physical Separation method Chemical

    Same Properties of new substance compared to the Different


    original

    Difference beween mixtures


    and compound

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