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    HIS103-MID-EXAM

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    Md. Shahariar Koushik
    The document discusses the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British and the reactions to it. It provides background on why the British partitioned Bengal and details the initial support they received from Nawab Sir Salimullah. It then summarizes the reactions from the Hindu community, including massive protests, fasting, and the writing of patriotic songs and poems opposing the partition. The partition worsened Hindu-Muslim relations and led to the growth of the Swadeshi movement and boycott of British goods. While Muslims initially supported the partition, the widespread protests eventually led the British to revoke the partition in 1911. However, the partition strengthened the sense of separate Muslim identity in Eastern Bengal. The document also summarizes the

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    HIS103-MID-EXAM

    Uploaded by

    Md. Shahariar Koushik
    33 views6 pages
    The document discusses the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British and the reactions to it. It provides background on why the British partitioned Bengal and details the initial support they received from Nawab Sir Salimullah. It then summarizes the reactions from the Hindu community, including massive protests, fasting, and the writing of patriotic songs and poems opposing the partition. The partition worsened Hindu-Muslim relations and led to the growth of the Swadeshi movement and boycott of British goods. While Muslims initially supported the partition, the widespread protests eventually led the British to revoke the partition in 1911. However, the partition strengthened the sense of separate Muslim identity in Eastern Bengal. The document also summarizes the

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    The document discusses the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British and the reactions to it. It provides background on why the British partitioned Bengal and details the initial support they received from Nawab Sir Salimullah. It then summarizes the reactions from the Hindu community, including massive protests, fasting, and the writing of patriotic songs and poems opposing the partition. The partition worsened Hindu-Muslim relations and led to the growth of the Swadeshi movement and boycott of British goods. While Muslims initially supported the partition, the widespread protests eventually led the British to revoke the partition in 1911. However, the partition strengthened the sense of separate Muslim identity in Eastern Bengal. The document also summarizes the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    33 views6 pages

    HIS103-MID-EXAM

    Uploaded by

    Md. Shahariar Koushik
    The document discusses the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British and the reactions to it. It provides background on why the British partitioned Bengal and details the initial support they received from Nawab Sir Salimullah. It then summarizes the reactions from the Hindu community, including massive protests, fasting, and the writing of patriotic songs and poems opposing the partition. The partition worsened Hindu-Muslim relations and led to the growth of the Swadeshi movement and boycott of British goods. While Muslims initially supported the partition, the widespread protests eventually led the British to revoke the partition in 1911. However, the partition strengthened the sense of separate Muslim identity in Eastern Bengal. The document also summarizes the

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    of 6

    Short Questions: (Answer 1 out of 3) Marks: 10

    Q1: What led to the Battle of Plassey. Do you think that Bengal lost its independence as a
    result of this battle?; or
    Q2: What were the reactions of the Hindu Community to the Partition of Bengal in 1905?; or
    Q3: Why was Muslim League founded?

    Broad Question ( Answer 1 out of 2) Marks: 15


    Q1:Discuss about Indian Independence Act, 1947 and about the Salient features of the Act..
    Q2: Highlight the role of students in the Language Movement of 1948 and 1952. Do you
    think that the Language Movement led to the independence movement of Bangladesh?

    Answer to the Question No :02


    Introduction: At the initial stage, the British ruler found that, in the geographic area, India is too
    big, and it is impossible to rule the whole India. In 1903 The Bangla was 1,89,000 square miles
    and nearly 78.50 million peoples. and also, they found that, Indian people faced different kinds
    of problems like natural disasters, Famine etc. Therefore, a tremendous Famine happened in
    1866 in Orisha, and British rulers were criticized for not being unable to maintain it properly. So,
    the British got to understand it is necessary to change the governing policy of India.
    At the moment Lord Carzon came to India as Government General on behalf of British
    Government. In 1900 British rulers came up with a solution, they understood, it was necessary
    to make two smaller provinces so they could maintain their administrative work properly. So,
    they decided to divide the territory into two parts. Eastern part and western part. So, the
    Eastern part of India like Bangla, Asam was neglected. It was really a bad situation. Eastern
    part was rich in agricultural history. Jute and Tea was growing well in the eastern part. It was the
    most valuable international agricultural product. But, due to lack of better transportation, It was
    kind of impossible to trade outside the world, and the cost increased so much.
    Since the eastern part was neglected, it was necessary to invest more money in the easten part.
    So, the British ruler decided to Some parts of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Shylet, Chittagong were
    joined with Asam. And for better agriculture product transportation Chittagong will be the
    international sea-port.
    The eastern parts people at first didn't take the well. So Load Carzon came and met with
    Nawab Sir Salimullah and convinced him to say that, if this partition happened then Dhaka
    would be the new capital of Eastern Bangla, and Muslim will be benefitted by the partitions.
    Since Carzon got the support from Sir Salimullah, he announced this decision in public.

    The Reaction of Hindu Community:


    Kolkata people of Kolkata didn't take the decision well. Hindus' feelings had been stirred by the
    partition. Across the country, there were massive protests. The day the division took effect,
    October 16, 1905, was marked as a day of sorrow and fasting across Bengal. "The people of
    Calcutta marked it as the day of mourning," the Amrita Bazar Patrika of Calcutta stated in an
    editorial the following day. Banglar mati Banglar jal, Banglar bayu, Banglar phal, punya houk,
    hey Bhagaban... was a powerful poem written by Rabindranath Tagore in response to this
    political incident “Amar Shonar Bangla” was written by Rabindranath Tagore as a rallying cry for
    supporters of cancellation of partition.
    The Kolkata people thought there was some conspiracy going on between Lord Carzon and Sir
    Salimullah. So the Newspaper Press owners, Lawyers, businessmen, Politicians, students
    everyone protested against partition.Several parts of India, people used fire-arms. People
    started to boycott all kinds of British products known as “Swadeshi Andolon”. Political leaders
    joined with that protest as well.

    Hindu-Muslim relation was also getting bad. At Muslim view point the religious prospective they
    were starting to think hindu as hostile. The Muslim organized the protest try to stay loyal to the
    government. Because, through the partition Muslim was actually benefitted in numorous ways.
    The people of Eastern Bangla, Assam were loyal to the government.
    The boycott British product “Swateshi Andolon” greatly affected, the Lord Curzn’s dividing the
    Bangla which was administrative matter was getting the public matter. When everything went
    out of control, British ruler had no choice except to abolish the partition. The British King
    ‘George V’ cancelled the partition in 1911.
    But during the 6 years the eastern part of Bangla had passed the golden days. They
    developed so much in every sector.

    After abolished the partition two things happened :-

    1. Indian people realized British are not that strong. They can be threatened and
    challenged.

    2. People of the Eastern Bangla started to think that the British rulers were not the real
    enemy, the Hindu people didn’t want the development of the Eastern part of Bangla.
    This is where the Hindu-Muslim rival started.
    Introduction:

    People lived in India but based on the religious perspective they behaved differently from each
    other. In 1946 British organized an election whether India should remain one country or
    separate country as India and Pakistan? There was majority of Muslim lived in East side and
    they voted for Pakistan. So, the muslim league won the election formed the government and ran
    the country. When it was decided British left the country in the middle of 1947, the process of
    handing over power began. This was the most crucial and challenging moment. In the British
    Parliament it was discussed how India would be left to the Indian People and how they will run
    the country.. The Act was a mere formal reflection of the promises made under the Mountbatten
    Plan. The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British parliament on July 5, 1947. With
    the Indian Independence Act 1947, the 200 years of British period in India came to an end and
    the British India was partitioned into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan.

    Indian Independence Act, 1947:

    The Plan of Mountbatten, the third within twelve months (Cabinet Mission Plan. of June, 1946;
    Attlee Declaration of February, 1947; Mountbatten Plan of June, 1947), has received the assent
    of the leadership of the major political organizations in India and in Britain. In India the main
    political leaders have declared their acceptance of the proposals, though with heavy
    apprehensions. The next logical step, initiated by the dynamic leadership of Lord Mountbatten,
    was taken quickly, and the Indian Independence Act, 1947 duly introduced in the British
    Parliament on 4 July received the Royal Assent on 18 July 1947. Hence the Indian
    Independence Act 1947 was the implementation of the June 3 Plan.

    India was now the mistress of her own destiny. Constitutional changes in India had been carried
    out in the past by the legislative will of the British Parliament but, under the Indian
    Independence Act, 1947, India and Pakistan were to emerge as two independent Dominions,
    and the Constituent Assembly of each Dominion was to have unlimited power to frame and
    adopt any constitution and to repeal any Act of the British Parliament, including the Indian
    Independence Act, if it so desired.

    Salient features:
    1. The Act provided for two dominion states: India and Pakistan

    2. The date for the division was set for the 15th of August, 1947.

    3. A Boundary Commission, led by Sir Cyril Radcliff, was tasked with determining the borders
    between the two dominion nations.

    4. It called for the division of Punjab and Bengal, as well as the creation of separate boundary
    commissions to draw the lines between them.

    5. West Punjab, East Bengal, Sindh Territories, North West Frontier Provinces, Assam's Sylhet
    divisions, Bahawalpur, Khairpur, Balochistan, and eight other princely states of Balochistan
    were to comprise Pakistan.

    6. The Bengal province, as defined by the Government of India Act 1935, ceased to exist

    7. Alternatively, two new provinces were to be created, called East Bengal and West Bengal,
    respectively.

    8. The fate of District Sylhet, in the province of Assam, was to be decided by election.

    9. The British Crown's power over the princely kingdoms ended, and India or Pakistan or to stay
    independent.

    10. Governor Generals were to be appointed by the British King to both India and Pakistan's
    dominions. If both parties agreed, the agreement also allowed for a common Governor General.

    11.Both states' India and Pakistan constituent assemblies were allowed to create constitutions
    for their own nations.

    12. For the time being, until the constitution is written, they will be governed by the Government
    of India Act of 1935.

    13. Any modification or omission could be done by the Governor General.

    14. British Government would not continue any control on any dominion.

    15. The Governor General was given sufficient authority to make instructions for the proper
    execution of the Indian Independence Act 1947 until March 1948..
    16. The Governor General was in charge of dividing territories, powers, responsibilities, rights,
    assets, and liabilities, among other things.

    17. The constituent assembly had the power to make any changes until March 31, 1948, after
    which it was up to the constituent assembly to amend or approve the same Act.

    18. The Governor-General had full powers to give assent to any law.

    19. First Schedule listed the districts provisionally included in the new province of East Bengal
    and the Second Schedule listed the districts provisionally included in the new province of West
    Punjab.

    20. Those civil servants who had been appointed before August 15, 1947, will continue in
    service with the same privileges.

    21. The title of "Emperor of India" was dropped from the titles of British Crown.

    22. His Majesty's Government's sovereignty over the Indian States expired, and the new
    dominions took up all of His Majesty's responsibilities.

    Results of the Indian Independence Act 1947:

    The 1947 Act is one of the most important Constitutional documents in the history of the sub-
    continent. Although the Congress initially.

    Muslim League welcomed the Act and Jinnah left for Karachi on August 7, 1947. Here the
    Constituent Assembly of Pakistan met on August 11, 1947 and elected him the President and
    was revered as the Quaid-i-Azam. 3 days later he was sworn in as Governor General and
    Liaquat Ali Khan became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

    On the midnight of 14 August and 15 August 1947, India and Pakistan came into existence. The
    Constituent assembly then appointed Lord Mountbatten as the First Governor General of the
    Indian Dominion.

    In the Morning of August 15, 1947, a new cabinet headed by Jawahar Lal Nehru who was sworn
    in as the Prime Minister of India.

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