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    Simulation Multipleer

    Uploaded by

    Francesco De Florence
    This document describes an experiment to construct and measure the output frequency of a Colpitts oscillator circuit. Key points: 1. The objectives are to construct a Colpitts oscillator, understand its design properties and setup, and measure its output frequency and waveform. 2. A Colpitts oscillator uses a capacitive voltage divider network for feedback, with two capacitors in series across an inductor to form the tank circuit and produce sinusoidal oscillations. 3. The output frequency is measured as 6.6 kHz when the inductor is 1 mH and capacitor is 1 uF, with a 7.04% error from the theoretical frequency likely due to instrument and measurement errors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Simulation Multipleer

    Uploaded by

    Francesco De Florence
    27 views15 pages
    This document describes an experiment to construct and measure the output frequency of a Colpitts oscillator circuit. Key points: 1. The objectives are to construct a Colpitts oscillator, understand its design properties and setup, and measure its output frequency and waveform. 2. A Colpitts oscillator uses a capacitive voltage divider network for feedback, with two capacitors in series across an inductor to form the tank circuit and produce sinusoidal oscillations. 3. The output frequency is measured as 6.6 kHz when the inductor is 1 mH and capacitor is 1 uF, with a 7.04% error from the theoretical frequency likely due to instrument and measurement errors.

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    Simulation-multipleer

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    This document describes an experiment to construct and measure the output frequency of a Colpitts oscillator circuit. Key points: 1. The objectives are to construct a Colpitts oscillator, understand its design properties and setup, and measure its output frequency and waveform. 2. A Colpitts oscillator uses a capacitive voltage divider network for feedback, with two capacitors in series across an inductor to form the tank circuit and produce sinusoidal oscillations. 3. The output frequency is measured as 6.6 kHz when the inductor is 1 mH and capacitor is 1 uF, with a 7.04% error from the theoretical frequency likely due to instrument and measurement errors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views15 pages

    Simulation Multipleer

    Uploaded by

    Francesco De Florence
    This document describes an experiment to construct and measure the output frequency of a Colpitts oscillator circuit. Key points: 1. The objectives are to construct a Colpitts oscillator, understand its design properties and setup, and measure its output frequency and waveform. 2. A Colpitts oscillator uses a capacitive voltage divider network for feedback, with two capacitors in series across an inductor to form the tank circuit and produce sinusoidal oscillations. 3. The output frequency is measured as 6.6 kHz when the inductor is 1 mH and capacitor is 1 uF, with a 7.04% error from the theoretical frequency likely due to instrument and measurement errors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Islamic University , Kushtia

    Department of Electrical & Electrical Engineering



    Course name: Electrical & Electronic Circuit Simulation
    Course code: EEE-2208
    Experiment Name: To construct a colpitts oscillation and to measure its
    output frequency.
    Session: 2019- 2020
    Group : D
    Experiment name: To construct a colpitts oscillator and to measure its
    output frequency.

    Objectives: After completing the experiment we will able to know


     Construct of colpitts oscillation .
     Designing properties and setup.
     Output frequency value and wave shape.
     How choice components value for making certain frequency oscillation with colpitts
    oscillator.

    History: A colpitts oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic oscillating
    electrical signal. After a sine wave or square wave oscillator convert direct current from
    a power supply to an alternating circuit signal. A basic oscillator circuit contain the
    following
    Point .



    • Amplifier
    • Frequency selector
    • Feedback circuit
    Condition for sustained oscillator : The basic oscillator circuit must obey Bark Huqsens
    criteria to provide sustained oscillation. It state that “ The loop gain of the circuit must be
    unity AB= 1 where A is the gain of the amplifier and B is the loop gain of the feedback factor”.
    Net phase shift around the circuit must be 0 or 360 degree.
    Oscillator classification:
    Oscillators are often characterised by the frequency of their output signal. A oscillator
    genetrates a frequency below 20 Hz. An audio oscillator producing signal range 16 t0 20
    KHz. An RF oscillator produce signal range of about 100KHz To 100 GHz .
    There are main two type of electronic oscillator, linear or harmonic oscillator and the non-
    linear or relaxation oscillators.
    According to the type of wave- form produced oscillators can be classified into one four
    generic types, such as harmonic sawtooth, Relaxation and astable mulvibrators.
    A colpitts oscillator is a harmonic oscillator circuit that produce a sine wave. The colpitts
    oscillators known for using a capacitor voltage as its feedback source .

    Construction: The colpitts oscillator circuit is made of three parts as amplifier circuit,
    feedback circuit and tank circuit. The design of the colpitts oscillator uses two centre trapped
    capacitors in series with parallel inductor to form its tank circuit and produce sinusoidal
    oscillation. The colpitts oscillator uses a capacitive voltage divider network as its feedback
    source . The two capacitor C1 and C2 are placed across a single inductor L as shown in
    below






    Figure: Tank Circuit
    Then C1 and C2 and L form the tank circuit with the condition for oscillations being
    Xc1+ Xc2 = XL
    The emitter terminal of transistor is connected to junction of the two
    capacitor and acts as a single voltage divider. Resistor R1 and R2
    provides the used DC bias for the transistor while the capacitor acts as a
    dc by- pass capacitor. When the collector supply voltage Vcc is
    switched on the collector currents starts rising and changes the
    capacitors C1 and C2 . When the capacitors are fully charged , they
    discharge through coil L setting Vp damped harmonic oscillations in
    the tank circuit. The oscillatory current in the tank circuit produce an a.c
    voltage across C1 and C2. The oscillation across C2 are applied to the
    base emitter junction of the transistor and appears n the amplified form
    in the collector circuit . The feedback voltage is 180 degree out of the
    phase as the centre of the capacitor is grounded. A phase shift of 180
    degree is produced by the feedback network and further phase shift 180
    degree between input and output voltage is produced by the CE
    transistor . Hence, the total phase shift is 360 degree. Which is essential
    for sustained oscillators as per Barkhausen criteria. So, we get
    continuous undamped oscillation.

    Formula: The frequency of oscillation for a colpitts oscillation is determined by the resonant
    frequency of the LC tank circuit and given by
    f= 1 /2π√LCT

    Where, CT= C1 and C2 connected in series is given
    CT= C1C2/(C1+C2) (uF)
    L = inductor (mH)

    Advantages:

    1. Good wave purity
    2. Fine performance at high frequency
    3. Good stability
    4. wide operation range 1 to 60 MHz
    Disadvantages:
    1. Poor frequency stability
    2. Difficult to adjust feedback
    3. Poor isolation
    4. Hard to design.
    5. Because of inductor circuit becomes bulky and costly
    Theoretical Circuit:
    Application:
    1. It is used for commercial purpose.
    2. It is used for mobile and radio communication.
    3. sinusoidal output with very high frequency.
    Apparatus:
    1. Resistor
    2. Capacitor
    3. Inductor
    4. Bread Board
    5. Oscilloscope
    6. Connecting Wires
    7. Power Supply
    Precaution:
    1. The connection should be correct .
    2. Transistor terminals should be identified.
    3. Check the continuity of the connecting terminals.
    4. The horizontal length between two successive.
    Procedure:
    1. Firstly we checked the transistors, power built on of the trainer and calibration the
    oscilloscope.
    2. Then we arrange all components according to the practical circuit.
    3. Then we connect components according to the practical circuits.
    4. Basing voltage is fixed and we vary the variable resistors up to suitable appeared on
    the screen on the oscilloscope.
    5. Then we take reading at various stages by fixing capacitor and changing inductor ,
    changing capacitor and fixed inductor.
    Practical Circuit:












    •
    •
    Table:

    Frequency(KHz) Percentage of

    Obs No Inductor(mH) Capacitor(uF) error = (T.V-


    P.V/T.V)*100%
    Theoretical Practical


    01 1 1 7.1 6.6 7.04%
    Result & Discussion: From the table we know that when the capacitor 1 uF and
    the inductor 1 mH , the percentage error is 7.04%
    There are some variation mainly accured due to many reason. They are given
    below:
    1. Problem of the instrument.
    2. Eye estimation
    3. Di- electric loss in capacitor
    4. Heating problem
    There error is not so very problem it can be neglected

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