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    NETWORK

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    B20-CSE-203 Sneha Basak
    Multiplexing is a technique that combines multiple data streams into one signal over a single transmission medium. It uses a multiplexer device that takes multiple input lines and generates a single output line, following a many-to-one approach. At the receiving end, demultiplexing separates the combined signal back into its original streams using a demultiplexer, which follows a one-to-many approach. Transmission media carries information in the form of electromagnetic signals from the sender to the receiver over a local area network. Errors can occur when data is transmitted, changing bits from 0 to 1 or vice versa. Single-bit errors affect only one bit, while burst errors affect multiple consecutive bits. Switching techniques determine the best route for data

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    NETWORK

    Uploaded by

    B20-CSE-203 Sneha Basak
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    Multiplexing is a technique that combines multiple data streams into one signal over a single transmission medium. It uses a multiplexer device that takes multiple input lines and generates a single output line, following a many-to-one approach. At the receiving end, demultiplexing separates the combined signal back into its original streams using a demultiplexer, which follows a one-to-many approach. Transmission media carries information in the form of electromagnetic signals from the sender to the receiver over a local area network. Errors can occur when data is transmitted, changing bits from 0 to 1 or vice versa. Single-bit errors affect only one bit, while burst errors affect multiple consecutive bits. Switching techniques determine the best route for data

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    Multiplexing is a technique that combines multiple data streams into one signal over a single transmission medium. It uses a multiplexer device that takes multiple input lines and generates a single output line, following a many-to-one approach. At the receiving end, demultiplexing separates the combined signal back into its original streams using a demultiplexer, which follows a one-to-many approach. Transmission media carries information in the form of electromagnetic signals from the sender to the receiver over a local area network. Errors can occur when data is transmitted, changing bits from 0 to 1 or vice versa. Single-bit errors affect only one bit, while burst errors affect multiple consecutive bits. Switching techniques determine the best route for data

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    27 views4 pages

    NETWORK

    Uploaded by

    B20-CSE-203 Sneha Basak
    Multiplexing is a technique that combines multiple data streams into one signal over a single transmission medium. It uses a multiplexer device that takes multiple input lines and generates a single output line, following a many-to-one approach. At the receiving end, demultiplexing separates the combined signal back into its original streams using a demultiplexer, which follows a one-to-many approach. Transmission media carries information in the form of electromagnetic signals from the sender to the receiver over a local area network. Errors can occur when data is transmitted, changing bits from 0 to 1 or vice versa. Single-bit errors affect only one bit, while burst errors affect multiple consecutive bits. Switching techniques determine the best route for data

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    What is Multiplexing?

    Multiplexing is a technique used to combine and send the multiple data streams over a single
    medium. The process of combining the data streams is known as multiplexing and hardware
    used for multiplexing is known as a multiplexer.
    Multiplexing is achieved by using a device called Multiplexer (MUX) that combines n input lines
    to generate a single output line. Multiplexing follows many-to-one, i.e., n input lines and one
    output line.
    Demultiplexing is achieved by using a device called Demultiplexer (DEMUX) available at the
    receiving end. DEMUX separates a signal into its component signals (one input and n outputs).
    Therefore, we can say that demultiplexing follows the one-to-many approach.

    What is Transmission media?


     Transmission media is a communication channel that carries the information from the
    sender to the receiver. Data is transmitted through the electromagnetic signals.
     The main functionality of the transmission media is to carry the information in the form
    of bits through LAN(Local Area Network).

    Classification Of Transmission Media:

    Error Detection
    When data is transmitted from one device to another device, the system does not guarantee
    whether the data received by the device is identical to the data transmitted by another device.
    An Error is a situation when the message received at the receiver end is not identical to the
    message transmitted.

    Types Of Errors

    Errors can be classified into two categories:

     Single-Bit Error
     Burst Error

    Single-Bit Error:
    The only one bit of a given data unit is changed from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1.

    In the above figure, the message which is sent is corrupted as single-bit, i.e., 0 bit is changed to
    1.
    Single-Bit Error does not appear more likely in Serial Data Transmission. For example, Sender
    sends the data at 10 Mbps, this means that the bit lasts only for 1 ?s and for a single-bit error to
    occurred, a noise must be more than 1 ?s.
    Single-Bit Error mainly occurs in Parallel Data Transmission. For example, if eight wires are used
    to send the eight bits of a byte, if one of the wire is noisy, then single-bit is corrupted per byte.

    Burst Error:
    The two or more bits are changed from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0 is known as Burst Error.
    The Burst Error is determined from the first corrupted bit to the last corrupted bit.
    The duration of noise in Burst Error is more than the duration of noise in Single-Bit.
    Burst Errors are most likely to occurr in Serial Data Transmission.
    The number of affected bits depends on the duration of the noise and data rate.

    Switching techniques
    In large networks, there can be multiple paths from sender to receiver. The switching technique
    will decide the best route for data transmission.
    Switching technique is used to connect the systems for making one-to-one communication.
    Classification Of Switching Techniques

    Circuit Switching
     Circuit switching is a switching technique that establishes a dedicated path between
    sender and receiver.
    Message Switching
     Message Switching is a switching technique in which a message is transferred as a
    complete unit and routed through intermediate nodes at which it is stored and
    forwarded.

    Packet Switching
     The packet switching is a switching technique in which the message is sent in one go,
    but it is divided into smaller pieces, and they are sent individually.

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