Untitled

Acknowledgement
My final year project has helped me to gain technical skills and ideas while working for
the time period. The completion of project would not be possible without the guidance of
external supervisor Mr. Nishon Tandukar, who inspired me throughout the project and
helped me solve problems faced during the implementation and development of my
application.
I am also grateful to Islington College that gave me opportunity and support to enhance
my skill and knowledge which will be helpful for my future. I would like to thank my internal
supervisor Mr. Sugat Man Shakya who helped with the documentation part of Final Year
Project.
Abstract
Online platforms, social media, websites, mobile applications has created a new
platform for entrepreneurs to establish their business as well as made shopping, booking,
renting easier for customers. Online booking, renting, selling has created a virtual market
for customer where they can find different products from all around world. There are many
people who needs to travel a lot for their business, work, meetings etc. and lot of people
cannot afford vehicles so they are force to travel in public transportation. People often
hire vehicles if they want to go for outing but it is more like booking a package. Also online
vehicle rental web application existing in Nepal does not offer to drive on our own and
also does not rent vehicles online. People wants to travel in comfort driving on their own,
enjoy and feel like they are driving their own vehicle even they cannot afford to own a
vehicle. Acknowledging the requirement of the people this project has been developed.
My application provides the feature of booking and renting vehicles online. Also people
can drive on their own or in case people don’t know how to drive driver is provided. This
project mainly focuses on renting vehicles to people who wants to travel with comfort and
cannot afford vehicles and are worried about their high maintenance.
Developing a web application or any applications includes many phases, a lot of research,
focus, patience and hard work. This project gives brief introduction to current topics,
scenarios of both the world and Nepal. Suitable methodology for the project will be chose
and task will be carried based on methodology for development of this application and
are described in this report. Along with this all the technical terms, programming
languages, frameworks which will be used to develop this application are discussed Thus
this report contains the requirement gathering, designing, implementation phases and
future plans for the project.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction to Topic ................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Current Scenario:................................................................................................................... 2
World:.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Nepal: .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Problem Domain:........................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Scope: .............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Aims and Objectives: ................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Structure of the Report:............................................................................................................... 6
1.5.1 Background:............................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.2 Development: .......................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.3 Testing and Analysis: ........................................................................................................... 6
1.5.4 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 2: Background ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 End User: ......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 System Architecture ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Functions and Features............................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Similar Systems: ........................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 Rent Rabbit .............................................................................................................................. 9
2.4.2 Sixt ........................................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.3 Vehicles Hire Nepal ............................................................................................................. 10
2.4.4 Hotwire.................................................................................................................................... 11
2.4.5 Transports in Nepal ............................................................................................................. 12
2.4.6 Comparison ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.7 Conclusion............................................................................................................................. 14
2.5 Review of Technical Aspects ................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3: Development .................................................................................................................. 17
3.1 Considered Methodology .......................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Selected Methodology ............................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Phases of methodology............................................................................................................. 19
3.3.1 Requirement gathering....................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Analysis and Design ........................................................................................................... 19
3.3.3 Implementation ..................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.4 Testing .................................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.5 Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 19
3.4 System Requirement Specification ........................................................................................ 19
3.4.1 Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 19
3.4.2 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions............................................................. 20
3.4.3 Project Scope........................................................................................................................ 20
3.4.4 Overall Description .............................................................................................................. 20
3.4.5 Features.................................................................................................................................. 21
3.4.6 Functional Requirements .................................................................................................. 21
3.4.7 External Interface Requirements ..................................................................................... 25
3.4.8 Nonfunctional Requirements ............................................................................................ 25
3.5 Implementation of Methodology ............................................................................................. 27
3.5.1 Iteration 1: .............................................................................................................................. 27
3.5.1.1 Requirement Gathering: ............................................................................................. 27
3.5.1.2 Analysis and Design:................................................................................................... 27
3.5.1.3 Implementation: ............................................................................................................ 33
3.5.1.4 Testing: ........................................................................................................................... 34
3.5.1.5 Evaluation: ..................................................................................................................... 34
3.5.2 Iteration 2: .............................................................................................................................. 35
3.5.2.1 Requirement Gathering: ............................................................................................. 35
3.5.2.3 Implementation: ............................................................................................................ 51
3.5.2.4 Testing: ........................................................................................................................... 56
3.5.2.5 Evaluation: ..................................................................................................................... 56
3.5.3 Iteration 3: .............................................................................................................................. 57
3.5.3.1 Requirements: ............................................................................................................... 57
3.5.3.3 Implementation: ............................................................................................................ 82
3.5.3.4 Testing: ........................................................................................................................... 86
3.5.3.5 Evaluation: ..................................................................................................................... 87
3.5.4 Iteration 4: .............................................................................................................................. 88
3.5.4.1 Requirements: ............................................................................................................... 88
3.5.4.3 Implementation: ............................................................................................................ 97
3.5.4.4 Testing: ......................................................................................................................... 101
3.5.4.5 Evaluation: ................................................................................................................... 101
3.6 Survey Results ........................................................................................................................... 102
3.6.1 Pre-survey results ............................................................................................................. 102
3.6.2 Post-survey results ........................................................................................................... 103
Chapter 4: Testing and Analysis of progress .......................................................................... 104
4.1 Iteration 1 Testing ..................................................................................................................... 104
4.5 Critical Analysis......................................................................................................................... 173
Chapter 5: Conclusion.................................................................................................................... 174
5.1 Legal, Social and Ethical issues ........................................................................................... 174
5.1.1 Legal issues ........................................................................................................................ 174
5.1.2 Social issues ....................................................................................................................... 175
5.1.3 Ethical issues...................................................................................................................... 175
5.2 Advantages ................................................................................................................................. 175
5.3 Limitations .................................................................................................................................. 177
5.4 Future work ................................................................................................................................. 178
Chapter 6: References .................................................................................................................... 179
Chapter 7: Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 181
Chapter 8: Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 184
8.1 Appendix A: Pre-survey .......................................................................................................... 184
8.1.1 Pre-survey Form................................................................................................................. 184
8.1.2 Sample of filled Pre-survey forms ................................................................................. 184
8.1.3 Pre-survey result................................................................................................................ 185
8.2 Appendix B: Post-survey ........................................................................................................ 190
8.2.1 Post- Survey Form ............................................................................................................. 190
8.2.2 Sample of filled Post-survey forms............................................................................... 191
8.2.3 Post-survey result ............................................................................................................. 192
8.3 Appendix C: Sample Codes ................................................................................................... 196
8.3.1 Sample Code of the UI ...................................................................................................... 196
8.3.2 Sample code for the Automation Script ...................................................................... 201
8.4 Appendix D: Designs ............................................................................................................... 206
8.4.1 Gantt Chart .......................................................................................................................... 206
8.4.2 Work breakdown structure .............................................................................................. 208
8.4.3 Algorithms and flowcharts .............................................................................................. 215
8.4.4 3D Modelling ....................................................................................................................... 217
8.4.5 Use case ............................................................................................................................... 219
Iteration 2 High level Use case ................................................................................................. 219
Expanded Use Case .................................................................................................................... 220
Iteration 3 High level Use case ................................................................................................. 223
Expanded Use Case .................................................................................................................... 225
Iteration 4 High Level Use case ............................................................................................... 233
Expanded Use case ..................................................................................................................... 233
8.4.6 Wireframe ............................................................................................................................. 235
8.4.7 Designs ................................................................................................................................. 239
8.5 Appendix E: Screenshots of the system ............................................................................ 245
8.6 Appendix F: User Feedback ................................................................................................... 253
8.6.1 Client Approval Letter....................................................................................................... 253
8.6.3 Sample of filled User feedback forms .......................................................................... 254
8.7 Appendix G: Development ...................................................................................................... 256
8.7.1 Considered Methodology ................................................................................................ 256
8.7.2 Selected Methodology ...................................................................................................... 259
8.8 Appendix H: Initial Software Requirement Specification ............................................... 260
8.9 Appendix I: Proposal ................................................................................................................ 260
List of figures:
Figure 1: System Architecture ............................................................................................................. 9
Figure 2: Views of Rent Rabbit .......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3: View of Sixt ......................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 4: Views of Vehicle Hire Nepal .............................................................................................. 13
Figure 5: Views of Hotwire ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 6: Views of Transports in Nepal ............................................................................................. 15
Figure 7: Class Diagram .................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 8: ER Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 9: Wireframe of application .................................................................................................... 35
Figure 10: Wireframe for admin panel .............................................................................................. 36
Figure 11: Wireframe for customer panel ......................................................................................... 36
Figure 12: Wireframe of Login Form ................................................................................................. 37
Figure 13: Wireframe of registration form ......................................................................................... 38
Figure 14: Final Use case of whole system..................................................................................... 39
Figure 15: Setup database connection ............................................................................................. 40
Figure 16: Database created ............................................................................................................. 40
Figure 17: Wire frame of admin profile ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 18: Wireframe of adding vehicles .......................................................................................... 44
Figure 19: Wireframe of List of Added Vehicle ................................................................................ 45
Figure 20: Wireframe for Admin forgot password ............................................................................ 46
Figure 21: Use case diagram for admin............................................................................................ 47
Figure 22: Activity Diagram for Admin login ..................................................................................... 48
Figure 23: Activity Diagram for Admin Forgot password ................................................................. 49
Figure 24: Activity Diagram for Admin CRUD of vehicles ............................................................... 50
Figure 25: Activity Diagram for Admin change password................................................................ 51
Figure 26: Sequence Diagram for Admin Login ............................................................................... 52
Figure 27: Sequence diagram for admin crud of vehicle ................................................................. 53
Figure 28: Sequence diagram for admin change password ........................................................... 54
Figure 29: Sequence diagram for admin forgot password .............................................................. 55
Figure 30: Collaboration Diagram for Admin Login ......................................................................... 56
Figure 31: Collaboration Diagram for Admin CRUD of vehicle...................................................... 57
Figure 32: Collaboration diagram for admin change password ...................................................... 58
Figure 33: Collaboration diagram for admin forgot password ......................................................... 59
Figure 34: Login UI ............................................................................................................................. 60
Figure 35: Login method .................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 36: Authenticate user api ....................................................................................................... 61
Figure 37: Vehicle CRUD UI .............................................................................................................. 62
Figure 38: Vehicle add and update method ..................................................................................... 62
Figure 39: Delete vehicle method...................................................................................................... 63
Figure 40: Wireframe of Available Vehicles for customer ............................................................... 66
Figure 41: Wireframe of Reserved Vehicle for customer ................................................................ 67
Figure 42: Wireframe of feedback for customer panel .................................................................... 67
Figure 43: Wireframe of profile for customer panel ......................................................................... 68
Figure 44: Wireframe for Customer Forgot Password ..................................................................... 69
Figure 45: Use case diagram for customer ...................................................................................... 70
Figure 46: Activity Diagram for Customer registration ..................................................................... 71
Figure 47: Activity Diagram for Customer Login .............................................................................. 72
Figure 48: Activity Diagram for Customer Forgot password ........................................................... 73
Figure 49: Activity diagram for customer password change ........................................................... 74
Figure 50: Activity Diagram for Book vehicles.................................................................................. 75
Figure 51: Activity Diagram for Rent vehicles .................................................................................. 76
Figure 52: Activity Diagram for Sending feedbacks ......................................................................... 77
Figure 53: Activity Diagram Search vehicles .................................................................................... 78
Figure 54: Sequence diagram for customer registration ................................................................. 79
Figure 55: Sequence diagram for customer login ............................................................................ 80
Figure 56: Sequence diagram for customer password change ...................................................... 81
Figure 57: Sequence diagram for customer forgot password ......................................................... 82
Figure 58: Sequence diagram for booking vehicle .......................................................................... 83
Figure 59: Sequence diagram for rent vehicle ................................................................................. 84
Figure 60: Sequence diagram for sending feedback ....................................................................... 85
Figure 61: Collaboration diagram for customer registration ............................................................ 86
Figure 62: Collaboration diagram for customer login....................................................................... 87
Figure 63: Collaboration diagram for customer password change ................................................. 88
Figure 64: Collaboration diagram for customer forgot password ................................................... 89
Figure 65: Collaboration diagram for booking vehicle ..................................................................... 90
Figure 66: Collaboration diagram for rent vehicle ............................................................................ 91
Figure 67 : Collaboration diagram for feedback ............................................................................... 91
Figure 68: Register form UI ............................................................................................................... 92
Figure 69: User register method ........................................................................................................ 92
Figure 70: Book vehicle UI ................................................................................................................. 93
Figure 71: Book vehicle method ........................................................................................................ 93
Figure 72: Rent vehicle UI ................................................................................................................. 94
Figure 73: Rent Vehicle method ........................................................................................................ 94
Figure 74: Search vehicle UI ............................................................................................................. 95
Figure 75: Search Vehicle method .................................................................................................... 95
Figure 76: Wireframe of view feedback for admin ........................................................................... 98
Figure 77: Wireframe of Vehicle Report for admin panel ................................................................ 99
Figure 78: Wireframe for Email Template....................................................................................... 100
Figure 79: Use case diagram for Admin -2 ..................................................................................... 101
Figure 80: Activity Diagram for Admin view feedback ...................................................................102
Figure 81: Activity Diagram for Admin view vehicle reserve report ..............................................103
Figure 82: Sequence diagram for view feedback ..........................................................................104
Figure 83: Sequence diagram for view vehicle report ...................................................................105
Figure 84: Collaboration diagram for view feedback .....................................................................106
Figure 85: Collaboration diagram for view vehicle report ..............................................................106
Figure 86: Email Template for sending email .................................................................................107
Figure 87: API to send email ...........................................................................................................108
Figure 88: Vehicle reserved by client UI .........................................................................................109
Figure 89: Vehicle Approve and Reject method ............................................................................109
Figure 90: Pre-survey result 1 .........................................................................................................111
Figure 91: Pre-survey result 2 .........................................................................................................111
Figure 92: Post-survey result -1 ......................................................................................................112
Figure 93: Post-survey result -2 ......................................................................................................112
Figure 94: Frontend project setup ................................................................................................... 113
Figure 95: Backend project setup ................................................................................................... 114
Figure 96: Admin login UI ................................................................................................................ 115
Figure 97: Admin credentials ........................................................................................................... 116
Figure 98: Redirect to admin dashboard ........................................................................................ 116
Figure 99: Click 'Profile' .................................................................................................................... 117
Figure 100 : Change admin password ............................................................................................ 118
Figure 101: Display updating credentials ....................................................................................... 118
Figure 102: Successful login after changing password ................................................................. 119
Figure 103: Click vehicle action ....................................................................................................... 120
Figure 104 : Vehicle adding form .................................................................................................... 121
Figure 105: Adding vehicle details .................................................................................................. 121
Figure 106: Displaying added vehicles ........................................................................................... 122
Figure 107: Editing vehicles by clicking edit button ....................................................................... 123
Figure 108: Editing highlighted text field ......................................................................................... 124
Figure 109: After updating vehicle .................................................................................................. 124
Figure 110 : Deleting vehicles by clicking delete button ............................................................... 125
Figure 111: Displaying vehicle deleted message .......................................................................... 126
Figure 112: List of vehicles after deleting one vehicle................................................................... 127
Figure 113: Logging out from admin panel ..................................................................................... 128
Figure 114: Redirecting to login page after log out ........................................................................ 128
Figure 115: Click on 'Forgot Password?' ........................................................................................ 129
Figure 116: Enter Email on the given field ..................................................................................... 130
Figure 117: Email sent with OTP code success message ............................................................ 131
Figure 118: OTP sent via email to reset password ........................................................................ 131
Figure 119: Message displayed in case of wrong token entered. ................................................ 132
Figure 120: Resetting password with valid OTP ............................................................................ 133
Figure 121: Reset password success message ............................................................................ 134
Figure 122: Login success after resetting password ..................................................................... 134
Figure 123: Displaying message when login with invalid username and password ................... 135
Figure 124: Displaying error message for empty text field login ..................................................136
Figure 125: Displaying error for empty text field while adding vehicle .........................................137
Figure 126: User registration form ..................................................................................................138
Figure 127: Verifying email address ...............................................................................................139
Figure 128: Verification email received by customer .....................................................................140
Figure 129: Verifying email while registering user .........................................................................141
Figure 130: user details stored in database after registration.......................................................141
Figure 131: Displaying error for empty text field while registering as new user ..........................142
Figure 132: User login ......................................................................................................................143
Figure 133: Redirected to customer dashboard.............................................................................144
Figure 134: Logging out from user panel ........................................................................................145
Figure 135: Redirecting to login page after log out ........................................................................145
Figure 136: Click on 'Forgot Password?' ........................................................................................146
Figure 137: Enter Email on the given field .....................................................................................147
Figure 138: Email sent with OTP code success message ............................................................ 148
Figure 139: OTP sent via email to reset password ........................................................................ 149
Figure 140: Message displayed in case of wrong token entered. ................................................ 150
Figure 141: Resetting password with valid OTP ............................................................................ 151
Figure 142: Reset password success message ............................................................................ 152
Figure 143: Login success after resetting password ..................................................................... 153
Figure 144: Click User 'Profile' ........................................................................................................ 154
Figure 145 : Change user password ............................................................................................... 155
Figure 146: Display updating credentials ....................................................................................... 155
Figure 147: Successful login after changing password ................................................................. 156
Figure 148: Click on book button to book vehicle .......................................................................... 157
Figure 149: Select destination coordinates via map ...................................................................... 158
Figure 150: Fill up booking details and click button book.............................................................. 159
Figure 151: Vehicle reserved successful message ....................................................................... 160
Figure 152: Displaying vehicle reserved by user ........................................................................... 160
Figure 153: Click on rent button to rent vehicle ............................................................................. 161
Figure 154: Displaying success message. ..................................................................................... 162
Figure 155: Displaying rented vehicle ............................................................................................. 162
Figure 156: Automatic price calculation for rent and book -1 ....................................................... 163
Figure 157: Automatic price calculation for rent and book -2 ....................................................... 164
Figure 158: Click on Available Vehicles.......................................................................................... 165
Figure 159: Displaying available vehicles....................................................................................... 166
Figure 160: Before search ............................................................................................................... 167
Figure 161 : Displaying vehicles according to search by Vehicle Name ..................................... 168
Figure 162: Displaying vehicles according to search by Vehicle Type Two-Wheeler ................ 169
Figure 163: Displaying vehicles according to search by Vehicle Name Four-Wheeler .............. 170
Figure 164: Displaying feedback form on button click ................................................................... 171
Figure 165: Sending feedback ......................................................................................................... 172
Figure 166: Feedback stored in database ...................................................................................... 172
Figure 167: Displaying error for empty text field while booking vehicle ....................................... 173
Figure 168: Displaying error for empty text field while renting vehicle .........................................174
Figure 169: Before cancelling rent or book ....................................................................................175
Figure 170: Available vehicles before rent or book cancel ...........................................................176
Figure 171: Rent Request from clients ...........................................................................................179
Figure 172: Press Approve button to rent vehicle ..........................................................................180
Figure 173: Request deleted after button click ..............................................................................180
Figure 174: Displaying approval confirmation email .....................................................................181
Figure 175: Press Reject button to rent vehicle .............................................................................182
Figure 176: Displaying rejection success message .......................................................................182
Figure 177: Displaying rejection email ............................................................................................183
Figure 178: View vehicles that are on rent .....................................................................................184
Figure 179: Enter vehicle name or number ....................................................................................185
Figure 180: Search by vehicle name ..............................................................................................185
Figure 181: Search by vehicle number ...........................................................................................186
Figure 182: Before Sorting request details ..................................................................................... 187
Figure 183: Sorting by Vehicle Number .......................................................................................... 187
Figure 184: Sorting by Price ............................................................................................................ 188
Figure 185: Sorting by Rent Duration ............................................................................................. 188
Figure 186: View feedback sent by users....................................................................................... 189
Figure 187: Pre-Survey Form .......................................................................................................... 201
Figure 188: Sample of filled Pre-Survey form ................................................................................ 202
Figure 189: Pre-survey results 1 & 2 .............................................................................................. 203
Figure 193: Post- survey form ......................................................................................................... 207
Figure 194: Sample of filled Post-Survey form .............................................................................. 208
Figure 195: Post-Survey result 1 & 2 .............................................................................................. 209
Figure 196: Post-Survey results of 3 & 4 ........................................................................................ 210
Figure 199: Post-Survey results of 9 ............................................................................................... 213
Figure 200: Post-Survey results of 10............................................................................................. 213
Figure 201: code of UI vehicle available ......................................................................................... 214
Figure 202: Vehicle Available layout ............................................................................................... 214
Figure 203: code of UI login ............................................................................................................. 215
Figure 204: Login Form layout ......................................................................................................... 215
Figure 205: code of UI vehicles reserved by client ........................................................................ 216
Figure 206: Vehicle Reserved by client layout ............................................................................... 216
Figure 207: code of UI vehicle action.............................................................................................. 217
Figure 208: Vehicle action layout .................................................................................................... 217
Figure 209: code of UI register user ............................................................................................... 218
Figure 210: Registration form layout ............................................................................................... 218
Figure 211: Automation script of table user.................................................................................... 219
Figure 212: Data populated into table user ....................................................................................220
Figure 213: Automation script of table vehicle ...............................................................................221
Figure 214: Data populated into table vehicle ................................................................................222
Figure 215: Automation script of table feedback............................................................................223
Figure 216: Data populated into table feedback ............................................................................223
Figure 217: Initial Gantt chart ..........................................................................................................224
Figure 218: Final Gantt chart ...........................................................................................................225
Figure 219: Initial Work breakdown structure .................................................................................226
Figure 220: Final Work breakdown structure .................................................................................227
Figure 221: Final WBS for Iteration 1..............................................................................................228
Figure 225: Flowchart of whole system ..........................................................................................233
Figure 226: 3D modelling of Admin panel ..................................................................................... 234
Figure 227: 3D modeling of registration form ................................................................................ 235
Figure 228: 3D modelling of rent vehicle ........................................................................................ 235
Figure 229: Initial Wireframe of Admin panel ................................................................................. 255
Figure 230: Initial Wireframe of Customer panel ........................................................................... 256
Figure 231: Initial Wireframe of Login form .................................................................................... 257
Figure 232: Initial Wireframe of Registration form ......................................................................... 258
Figure 233: Initial Sequence Diagram for Admin ........................................................................... 259
Figure 234: Initial Sequence Diagram for Customer ..................................................................... 260
Figure 235: Initial Collaboration Diagram for Admin ...................................................................... 261
Figure 236: Initial Collaboration Diagram for Customer ................................................................ 262
Figure 237: Initial ER Diagram ........................................................................................................ 263
Figure 238: Initial Activity Diagram for Admin ................................................................................ 264
Figure 239: Initial Activity Diagram for Custom .............................................................................. 265
Figure 240: Home page ................................................................................................................... 266
Figure 241: Login Page .................................................................................................................... 266
Figure 242: User registration form page ......................................................................................... 267
Figure 243: Customer dashboard.................................................................................................... 268
Figure 244: Admin dashboard ......................................................................................................... 268
Figure 245: Vehicle action page ...................................................................................................... 269
Figure 246: Vehicles reserved by client .......................................................................................... 269
Figure 247: Vehicle rented by client ................................................................................................ 270
Figure 248: Admin Profile page ....................................................................................................... 270
Figure 249: View Feedback page ................................................................................................... 271
Figure 250: Reserved vehicles ........................................................................................................ 271
Figure 251: Feedback form .............................................................................................................. 272
Figure 252: Available vehicle page ................................................................................................. 272
Figure 253: About page .................................................................................................................... 273
Figure 254: Client approval letter .................................................................................................... 274
Figure 255: User feedback form ...................................................................................................... 275
Figure 256: Filled User feedback form ............................................................................................277
Figure 257: Phases of waterfall methodology ................................................................................278
Figure 258: Phases of prototype methodology ..............................................................................280
Figure 259 : Phases of Iterative and incremental methodology ...................................................281
List of Tables:
Table 1: Comparison between similar systems ............................................................................... 16
Table 2: Frontend compile testing ................................................................................................... 113
Table 3: Backend compile testing ................................................................................................... 114
Table 4: Test case for Admin login .................................................................................................. 115
Table 5: Test case for password change ........................................................................................ 117
Table 6 : Test case for adding vehicles by admin .......................................................................... 120
Table 7: Test case for updating vehicles ........................................................................................ 123
Table 8: Test case for deleting vehicles ......................................................................................... 125
Table 9: Test case for Admin logout ............................................................................................... 128
Table 10: Test case for Forget password ....................................................................................... 129
Table 11: Test case for invalid username or password ................................................................. 135
Table 12: Test case for empty login fields ...................................................................................... 136
Table 13: Test case for empty fields while adding vehicle ............................................................ 137
Table 14: Test case for user registration ........................................................................................ 138
Table 15: Test case for empty registration form ............................................................................ 142
Table 16: Test case for registered user login ................................................................................. 143
Table 17: Test case for User logout ................................................................................................ 145
Table 18: Test case for User Forgot password .............................................................................. 146
Table 19: Test case for user password change ............................................................................. 154
Table 20: Test case for booking vehicles ....................................................................................... 157
Table 21: Test case for renting vehicles ......................................................................................... 161
Table 22: Test case for automatic price calculation ...................................................................... 163
Table 23: Test case for viewing available vehicles ........................................................................ 165
Table 24: Test case for viewing search vehicles ........................................................................... 167
Table 25: Test case for sending feedback ..................................................................................... 171
Table 26: Test case for empty text field while booking and renting vehicle ................................ 173
Table 27: Test case for cancelling rent and book request ............................................................ 175
Table 28: Test case for rent approval confirmation email ............................................................. 179
Table 29: Test case for rent request rejected email ...................................................................... 182
Table 30: Test Case for viewing report of vehicle on rent ............................................................. 184
Table 31: Test case for searching requests ................................................................................... 185
Table 32: Test case for sorting request details .............................................................................. 187
Table 33: Test case for viewing feedback ...................................................................................... 189
Final Year Project Report
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Topic
With the growing technology and digitalization there are approximately 4.57 billion
people who are active internet users as of April 2020. Internet has not only helped people
to come closer with the family and friends all around the world but also helped many
people start their own business. Internet has generated online business platform as well
as making the world digital. Those online business includes web applications like vehicle
rental which has market value of $78.7 billion by now and is expected to be more in the
coming years. (GlobeNewswire, oct 14,2019)
Vehicle rental web application helps people with comfortable travelling as well as gives
the feeling of owning and driving their own vehicles. Users can rent vehicle of their own
choice and travel in comfort. Online vehicle rental is quite popular in western countries
and has a huge market value. However there are some rental companies in Nepal which
are providing vehicle renting services but are still practicing traditional way of renting with
lots of paperwork.
This project was developed addressing the state of the rental system in context of Nepal.
This application will help the user to rent and book vehicles for various purposes like
business, work, meeting, tourism etc. It not only benefits the vehicle seeker and business
owner but also contributes in the economy of the country. Vehicle rental system can
generate large economy as well as employment for people like drivers and mechanics
etc. It also helps to encourage local people to travel in different parts of Nepal and
promotes domestic or internal tourism.
Since all most all the industry of the world has been touched by digitalization and advance
technology vehicle rental industry is not left out. In context of Nepal online vehicle rental
system enhances the business process by giving a bigger platform for exposure of their
business along with quality customer services like online registration, online booking and
renting services.
1
1.1.1 Current Scenario:

World:
According to market research on global car and vehicle rental market published by
P&S intelligence the size of this market value was estimated to be $78.7 billion in 2018
which was predicted to reach around $122.6 billion by 2024. Luxury cars category has
been witnessing the fastest growth as increased in usage by business professionals. The
vehicle rental market is globally recognized due to its convenient feature to rent a car and
enjoy all the facilities without actually owning it also private or personal vehicles are high
investment which includes vehicle cost, fuel cost, parking, servicing and maintenance
charges and insurance cost. Not only luxury cars are covering the rental markets but also
electric vehicles demands has been raised worldwide. In India Zoom India Pvt. ltd in 2018
has been deploying electric cars by associating with Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. Countries
like U.S, China , Germany , UK, Canada has highest market for car rental system globally.
(GlobeNewswire, oct 14,2019)
2
0 0
Nepal:
In current scenario Nepal automobile market has grown drastically after 2015
earthquake and blockade however the vehicle rental market has not been progressing
compared to the vehicle rental market of US, Canada, China etc. However there are some
Rental Companies providing the service of renting vehicles for tourism purposes with
option of different packages. These companies allows to rent and book vehicles and also
provides experience drivers. However, these companies are more related to booking a
vehicle based on selection of package tours. (Vehicle Hire Nepal, 2018)
Some of the sites based in Nepal are: Himalayan Car Rental Nepal, Vehicle Rental Nepal
etc.
3
1.2 Problem Domain:

Nepal is way behind in the field of the technology when compared to other
developed countries. The online vehicle rental system in the world has successfully
marked it’s placed with $78.7 million worth market value in the online business industry.
But in our country online vehicle rental industry has not been able to grow and progress.
In the current context of Nepal there are limited number of vehicle rental web application
in the market that allows them to rent vehicles and drive on their own.
The trend of renting vehicles has changed a lot. Most of the countries have made renting
vehicles process completely digital but this trend has still not completely taken over Nepal.
One the biggest problem is lack of transparency and trust issues in online services which
made it difficult for this kind of industry to grow. Most of the people in Nepal cannot afford
their personal vehicle and are compelled to travel with discomfort. Even if they want to
hire vehicles they need to visit rental office and need to submit a lot of documents and
paperwork which makes renting process long, time consuming and frustrating. Also there
only few web application which gives online vehicle rental services but are does not give
good online renting experience and services. In this situation this project can be
considered valuable for fulfilling the need of online vehicle rental application in the current
Nepali market.
1.3 Scope:
The world has been progressing drastically in the field of technology. People are
constantly working on different technology that would help humankind to ease their work
and doing research to benefit human and their lifestyle. We want everything thing digital
and every work to be carried out in a second for example cashless transaction.
Development of online payment platform, mobile banking, ATM cards has made cashless
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tractions possible which is not only easy, and quick but also can track our transaction’s
and expenses. We also want online booking, renting and selling of various products.
The global market of Vehicle rental is worth more than $78.7 billion today which has not
only made travelling of people easier but has also increased tourism. And due to lack of
proper vehicle rental system in Nepal, there is a huge scope for this kind of application
as Nepal is visited by many tourists every year. Online vehicle rental system gives
business owner a good exposure about their business not only to the local areas but also
globally.
This application focuses on normal people who wants to travel with comfort but cannot
afford their own vehicle .This will help people to travel in comfort, save time without waiting
for public vehicle to arrive, avoid the crowd in public vehicles and can enjoy all the facilities
like a vehicle owner even without owning a vehicle and without worrying about high
maintenance cost, vehicle cost and parking costs etc.
1.4 Aims and Objectives:

This project is aimed to build a web application that will allow people to rent and
book vehicle for tourism, business, meeting, and work without owning a vehicle. The idea
is to let the users rent vehicles and feel like they are traveling in their own vehicles.
In order to achieve the aim, the following objectives will be met:
• To conduct research and survey on the topic which will help to

understand the requirements of the application.
• To select a suitable methodology and implement it to develop the
system.
• To learn the frameworks for developing the application and selecting
suitable theme and modify it as per the requirements collected from
research and surveys.
• To develop web based application that’s allows online customer

registration, booking and renting of vehicles and for the company to
manage the vehicles and customers effectively.
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1.5 Structure of the Report:

1.5.1 Background:
Background includes research on the similar types of systems all around the world and
the country as well as comparisons among the system. Information about the end users
has also been gathered. A brief explanation about the system architecture as well as list
of functions and features need to be added in the system are included in this section. Also
several tools that will be used in the development phase are also included in the
background.
1.5.2 Development:
Development includes discussion of several methodologies considered and selected
methodology with justification. Phases of the selected methodology are discussed with
the implementation of the methodology. The UML diagrams and wireframes are also
included in this section of the report.
1.5.3 Testing and Analysis:

Testing section of the report consist of test cases and screenshots of the different features
being tested. The testing is conducted in different iterations as per the selected
methodology.
1.5.4 Conclusion:
Overall report is concluded in this part. Legal, social and ethical issues are discussed in
this part along with the advantages, limitations and future work of the application.
Chapter 2: Background
2.1 End User:
This application will have multiple end users. The end users of this application will
be the general public who are willing to change their travel experiences. It will not only be
useful for people who has license and knows how to drive but also for people who don’t
know how to drive as drivers are provided. The government can also be benefitted by this
application as it generates an additional economy as the global market in the world is
worth more than $78.7 billion. These vehicles are added and managed by admin.
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End user 1: Vehicle Seeker
Problem
Many people cannot afford their own vehicles so they often use crowded public
vehicles to travel which consumes lot of time and makes travelling frustrating and boring.
Sometimes people even cancel their plans because of transportation issue.
Solution
This project will have capacity of having more vehicles available to public who wants
vehicle on rent. To search and rent vehicles a user has to register to website. They can
book and view available vehicles details also can give their feedbacks.
End user 2 Admin
Administrates the web application
2.2 System Architecture
Figure 1: System Architecture
The system consists of a web application which will have list of vehicles available
for rent. Users can view the price and details of vehicles as well as give their feedback.
Details of vehicles will come from the database. Every time a customer rents a vehicle
customer details will be stored in database along with the vehicle details they have rented.
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The system will also have an admin page for admin to login into a dashboard to add new
vehicles, check feedback and view vehicle status.
2.3 Functions and Features

The primary feature of the application is to rent the vehicles .Besides this, the system will
also have the following features:
• Booking vehicles
• View available Vehicles
• Give feedback
• Add vehicles
• Manage vehicle View Feedback
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2.4 Similar Systems:

2.4.1 Rent Rabbit
Rent rabbit is a web applications that allows user to rent vehicles like car, bike,
boat and equipment which includes features like online payments, bookings, searching
vehicles. (Rent Rabbit, 2019)
Figure 2: Views of Rent Rabbit
(Rent Rabbit, 2019)
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2.4.2 Sixt
Sixt is a web applications that allows user to rent cars of different brands and
models which includes features like online payments, bookings, searching vehicles as
well as has travel cost calculator. In addition it has also a mobile application. (sixt, 2020)
Figure 3: View of Sixt
(sixt, 2020)
2.4.3 Vehicles Hire Nepal
Vehicles Hire Nepal is a web applications that allows user to rent vehicles like car,
van, bus which includes features like online bookings and has a details of destinations
and their travel cost. (Vehicle Hire Nepal, 2018)
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Figure 4: Views of Vehicle Hire Nepal
(Vehicle Hire Nepal, 2018)

2.4.4 Hotwire
Hotwire is a web applications that allows user to rent cars, book flights, tour
packages and hotels of different brands and models which includes features like online
payments, bookings, searching vehicles as well as has travel cost calculator.
(Hotwire, Inc., an Expedia Group company, 2020)
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Figure 5: Views of Hotwire
(Hotwire, Inc., an Expedia Group company, 2020)
2.4.5 Transports in Nepal

Transports in Nepal is a web applications that allows user to rent vehicles like car,
bike, scooter, van which includes features like online bookings and has a travel details
with travel cost and time durations. (Vehicle Hire Nepal, 2018)
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Figure 6: Views of Transports in Nepal
(Transports in Nepal, 2020)
2.4.6 Comparison
Rent Sixt rent a Vehicles Hire Transports in My
Features car Hotwire
Rabbit Nepal Nepal Application
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OnlineRent Yes No Yes
Vehicles (like cars,

Yes (only No (only four Yes (only
motorbike, van cars) wheeler) car)
etc.)
Book Vehicles No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Search Vehicles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Travelcost No Yes No Yes No Yes
calculator
Payment gateway Yes Yes No Yes No No
integration
Driver No No Yes No Yes Yes
arrangement
Multi-language Yes Yes No Yes No No
support
Free Cancellation Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

of Booking
Feedbacks Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Table 1: Comparison between similar systems
2.4.7 Conclusion
All the above similar application has their own strong points. Most of the application of
foreign countries have many features however compare to application of Nepal there are
not many features like online vehicle rent, cost calculator, self-driving permit. Therefore,
these features are included in this project.
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2.5 Review of Technical Aspects

Java
Java is free and open source object oriented programming language. It is one of the most
popular and widely used programming language. One can create any type of applications
like web, applications, web services, mobile applications in Java that’s why Java
programming language was taken into consideration.
(JournalDev, 2020)
Spring Boot
Spring Boot is a framework for Java used to create a micro service which contains all the
features of the spring. Due to its production ready environment applications requires
minimum configurations. Therefore Spring Boot is chosen for backend development in
FYP.
(GeeksforGeeks, 2020)
Angular
Angular is a JavaScript framework used to create reactive Single Page Applications. It is

used to create a web applications or a website for both mobile and desktop. Therefore
Angular is chosen for frontend development of FYP project.
(java t point, 2018)
MySQL
MySQL is a free and open source Relational Database Management System which is
flexible, quick processing and reliable that uses Structured Query Language. Therefore,
MySQL database is considered to be used for storing data of the application in database.
(SiteGround, 2019)
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Chapter 3: Development
3.1 Considered Methodology
Waterfall:
Justification for consideration:
• It is one of the simplest and easy methodology to use for less experienced
developers as in the case of this project.
• The methodology is also appropriate when the requirements and objectives are
clear and well understood as the main aim of functions of this project was to rent
vehicles by customer. (Tutorialspoint, 2020)
Justification for Rejection:
• It does not allow for incrementing features and functions.

• There might be a situation where I need to go back to development phase but
waterfall methodology doesn’t allow going back to phases.
• Waterfall does not allow testing until the entire system is completed and there are
many independent module that are completed or are being developed.
View brief explanation of waterfall methodology

Prototype Methodology:
Justification for consideration:
• This methodology allows to change functions and features.

• Useful when the requirements of end users/ client are not clear and are frequently
changing. (GeeksforGeeks, 2020)
Justification for Rejection:
• Prototype methodology requires high involvement and interactions of clients/ end-

users which is not possible.
• It is not ideal to use prototype since the primary requirements are already gathered.
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• It is difficult to develop prototypes quickly as per its nature since each modules
might requires different knowledge to be built and some are dependent on other
modules too. (Tutorialspoint, 2020)
View brief explanation of prototype methodology

Iterative Incremental Methodology:
Justification for consideration and selection:
• It is ideal as each modules or components can be developed individually and at

the end of each iterations improved version of product is achieved.
• Several iterations can be made to improve the functions and features also addition
in functions can be made in iterations.
• Versioning of the software can be done in each iterations.
• Easier to test and debug the software in each iteration. Risk analysis is better
and can be resolved during each iteration Testing can be carried out separately
for each iteration.
View brief explanation of iterative incremental methodology
3.2 Selected Methodology

This project is developed following iterative and incremental approach i.e. gradual
increase in addition of functions and features with a new version of product at the end of
the cycle. Since there are separate components there is a need for iterative framework
because all the modules cannot be developed at the same time in single phase. Hence
Iterative incremental method is selected as we can separate one task for one iterations
and progress development of each different modules in different iterations.
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3.3 Phases of methodology

3.3.1 Requirement gathering
In this phase all the requirements are gathered for the system through research from
journals, books and web pages, surveys and interviews with the end users.
3.3.2 Analysis and Design

Once all the requirements are gathered they are analyzed and the main functions and
features that are to be added in the application are finalized. In this phase risks are
identified and tools to be used are also identified. Also in this phase wireframes, use case
diagram, collaboration diagram, sequence diagram and class diagram are designed.
3.3.3 Implementation
Implementation phase is the phase where all the development of the system starts after
gathering all the requirements and completing the designing phase. Coding and making
the features and the system functional are done in this phase.
3.3.4 Testing
After implementation phase functionality of the system is tested in this phase to make
sure that developed system is fully functional without any error.
3.3.5 Evaluation
In this phase the whole system developed is evaluated along with the features and
changes needed to be done in the future iteration is analyzed and discussed.
3.4 System Requirement Specification
3.4.1 Purpose
The purpose of SRS document is to describe the requirements of web application for
Namaste Nepal Travels and Tours. This document will give all the necessary information
to develop this application. This SRS document will cover all the necessary functions and
features as well as provides some glimpse of the software development. This document
will also cover hardware, software and other technical dependencies.
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3.4.2 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

The intended audience for this document is Namaste Nepal Travels and Tours owners
and the users. In this document the project will be divided into various sections like :
Project Description, System Features, External Interface Requirements, and Non
Functional Requirements.
3.4.3 Project Scope

This project targets the traditional way of renting vehicle and convert them to web
application. The benefits of this project are to be able to book and rent vehicle online. The
goal of this project is to make the application easy to use also implements features and
requirements gathered from client.
3.4.4 Overall Description

3.4.4.1 Product Features
This program will allow users to book, search, rent vehicles and give feedback online
online as well as allows admin to view vehicle reserved by client, add, update and delete
vehicles. This app will allow users to have a seamless experience.
3.4.4.2 Operating Environment

This application is a web based application so it will operate on browsers like Microsoft
Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox etc.
3.4.4.3 Design and Implementation Constraints
The app must run on the browser. The information of all users, vehicles, feedbacks
must be stored in a database and should be accessible by the website. MySQL with be
used as database. The vehicle rental system will be running 24 hrs a day. Users can
access the website from any computers that has internet browsing capabilities and
internet connection. Users must login with valid credentials to use the application.
3.4.4.4 Assumptions and Dependencies

The project needs database connection, npm , JDK kit to develop the application.
Customer will have to register themselves then login with valid credentials to get access
to other features of the application. For Admin it can directly login with valid username
and password.
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3.4.5 Features
The following list provides a brief outline and description of the main features and
functionalities of the system.
3.4.5.1 Core Features
3.4.5.1.1 Admin
• Must be able to login into system Must be able to add new vehicle.
• Must be able to update and delete vehicle.
3.4.5.1.2 Clients/Users
• Must be able to login into application. Must be able to register if is a new user
Must be able to view all vehicles.
• Must be able to search vehicles.
• Must be able to book/rent vehicles.
• Must be able to change password or edit profile.
3.4.6 Functional Requirements

3.4.6.1 Admin should be able to login into the system
Priority: High (Must Have)
• Stimulus/Response
Step 1: Admin enters username and password
Step 2: System checks if username exists or not in the database.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to Dashboard if credentials are correct else error message
is displayed.
3.4.6.2 Admin should be able to can add store/vendor

Step 1: Admin enters vehicle details like name, price, description, vehicle number,
image etc.
Step 2: System add vehicle details into the database as new vehicle.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to Vehicle Action page.
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3.4.6.3 Admin should be able to delete and edit vehicle

Step 1: Admin presses on the delete/ edit icon of the particular vehicle.
Step 2: System deletes/ edit the particular vehicle.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to Vehicle Action page.
3.4.6.4 Clients should be able to register in the app

Step 1: Client input their details like phone number, password, and email.
Step 2: System adds the user information into user database.
Step 3: Client is redirected towards login page for login.
3.4.6.5 Client should be able to login into the system

Step 1: Client enters username and password
Step 2: System checks if username exists or not in the database.
Step 3: Client is redirected to Dashboard if credentials are correct else error message
is displayed.
3.4.6.6 Client should be able to book/rent vehicles

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Step 1: Client selects vehicles to book/rent them.
Step 2: System sends requests to admin panel and reserves the vehicle for user.
Step 3: Client is redirected to available vehicles.
3.4.6.7 Client should be able to search vehicles Priority:

High (Must Have)
Step 1: Client selects search method like search by name or vehicle type Step
2: System filters according to search.
Step 3: Client is redirected to available vehicles after filtering vehicle details.
3.4.6.8 Client should be able to send feedback
Step 1: Client enter comments and sends it.
Step 2: System stores the comment in the database.
Step 3: Displays success message.
3.4.6.10 Admin should be able to approve/reject reserved vehicle by client Priority:

High (Must Have)
Step 1: Admin clicks button approve/reject.
Step 2: System sends message to client according to button clicked.
Step 3: System deletes the request after approving or rejecting the requests.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to vehicle reserved by client page.
3.4.6.11 Admin should be able to approve/reject reserved vehicle by client Priority:

High (Must Have)
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Step 1: Admin clicks button approve/reject.
Step 2: System sends message to client according to button clicked.
Step 3: System deletes the request after approving or rejecting the requests.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to vehicle reserved by client page.
3.4.6.12 Admin should be able to view vehicle on rent report Priority:

High (Must Have)
Step 1: Admin vehicle rented by client
Step 2: System displays report with vehicle and customer details.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to vehicle rented by client.
3.4.6.13 Admin should be able to view feedback

Step 1: Admin select feedback
Step 2: System displays report with feedback and username.
Step 3: Admin is redirected to feedback page.
3.4.6.14 Users should be able to logout Priority:

High (Must Have)
Step 1: User click button logout Step
2: System clears the session
Step 3: Admin is redirected to login page.
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3.4.7 External Interface Requirements

3.4.7.1 User Interface
The user interface of the project will be simple and easy to use and understand.
Simple designs and terminology will be used in the development of the application with
standard interface as per the requirement of the client. No training or user guides will be
required to operate this application for new users. Consistency in the application will be
maintained throughout the system through the use of same of buttons and components.
3.4.7.2 Hardware Interfaces

No any extra hardware interfaces are required for the project. Only basic
requirements of the computer system are needed for the project. The application will use
hardware and database connection resource provided by Islington College.
3.4.7.3 Software Interfaces

The project will use software resources required for the application development
and database connection which includes Intellij Idea software platform(libraries, plugins),
MySQL database, npm, JRE etc.
3.4.7.4 Communications Interfaces

The application will use Gmail mail client as a communication interface between
the admin/developer and user for approval and rejection of vehicle requests.
3.4.8 Nonfunctional Requirements

3.4.8.1 Performance Requirements
The application should not crash while opening. The application will display the contents
of the page within 5-10 seconds. All the features of the application will be functional to
the users.
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3.4.8.2 Safety Requirements

Vehicle Rental System application cannot harm, affect, damage ant property of user,
client or any organization. User’s details and privacy of data will be maintained and cannot
be accessible to others by any means or process. Hence, the system is safe to use and
all the safety requirements are identified.
Click to view initial SRS document
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3.5 Implementation of Methodology

3.5.1 Iteration 1:
3.5.1.1 Requirement Gathering:
This is the first phase of the methodology where requirements are gathered to
understand the concept of rental system. The requirements for the vehicle rental system
was gathered through research on different websites as well as also using them to
understand the general work flow of the application. A survey was conducted to
understand the view of people related to vehicle rental system.
Requirements Gathered:
• Admin/Client: User Login and authentication

• Client: User registration
• Admin: Add, Update and delete vehicles
• Client : Book, Rent, View Available features, Send Feedback
3.5.1.2 Analysis and Design:

The requirements were analyzed thoroughly. Then the tools to be used for the
development was finalized. In this phase wireframes was designed for overall system,
use case diagram, sequence diagram, collaboration diagram, activity diagram and entity
relationship diagram was also designed for overall system.
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Class Diagram:
Figure 7: Class Diagram
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ERD:
Figure 8: ER Diagram
Wireframe:
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Figure 9: Wireframe of application
Figure 10: Wireframe for admin panel
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Figure 11: Wireframe for customer panel
Figure 12: Wireframe of Login Form
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Figure 13: Wireframe of registration form

Use Case Diagram:
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Figure 14: Final Use case of whole system
3.5.1.3 Implementation:
After completion of requirement gathering and designing phase the development
of system was started on spring boot and angular. Frontend and backend for the system
was setup in this phase. In memory authentication of spring security was implemented in
backend for authentication of users along with creating MySQL database.
Code implementation:
Environment setup
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Figure 15: Setup database connection
Figure 16: Database created
The above code consists of information that is required to connect the project with MySQL
database. This code is present in the application properties the project once setup the
project automatically connects the project to database
3.5.1.4 Testing:
Click here to view testing for iteration 1
3.5.1.5 Evaluation:
All the requirements mentioned above were completed successfully in this
iteration. After the project was setup successfully the application was tested and the
results were good as the program was running successfully.
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3.5.2 Iteration 2:
3.5.2.1 Requirement Gathering:
Since primary requirements were already gathered in Iteration 1. This iteration
mainly focuses on implementing the functionality of user type admin. Therefore no any
other requirements were gathered in this iteration.

The requirement gathered for the user type admin was analyzed and the features
to be implemented was finalized. The wireframes for the admin page was designed. Then
use case diagram along with collaboration, sequence, activity diagram was designed
mainly focusing on the actor admin.
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Wireframe
Figure 17: Wire frame of admin profile
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Figure 18: Wireframe of adding vehicles
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Figure 19: Wireframe of List of Added Vehicle
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Figure 20: Wireframe for Admin forgot password
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Use case diagram
Figure 21: Use case diagram for admin
High Level Use case diagram

Expanded Use case diagram
Activity diagram
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Admin Login
Figure 22: Activity Diagram for Admin login
Forgot Password
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Figure 23: Activity Diagram for Admin Forgot password
CRUD operation
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Figure 24: Activity Diagram for Admin CRUD of vehicles
Change Password
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Figure 25: Activity Diagram for Admin change password
Sequence diagram
Admin Login
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Figure 26: Sequence Diagram for Admin Login
Admin CRUD of vehicle
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Figure 27: Sequence diagram for admin crud of vehicle
Change password
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Figure 28: Sequence diagram for admin change password
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Forgot Password
Figure 29: Sequence diagram for admin forgot password
Collaboration diagram
Admin Login
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Figure 30: Collaboration Diagram for Admin Login
Admin CRUD of vehicle
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Figure 31: Collaboration Diagram for Admin CRUD of vehicle
Change password
Figure 32: Collaboration diagram for admin change password
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Forgot Password
Figure 33: Collaboration diagram for admin forgot password
CRUD operation for admin panel was implemented in this phase.
Code implementation
Login
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Figure 34: Login UI
Figure 35: Login method
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Figure 36: Authenticate user api
In the above picture the method on submit is used to authenticate valid user and
generate access token for user to login into system. User details are stored in user
password with user type and password are stored in encrypted form.
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CRUD operation
Figure 37: Vehicle CRUD UI
Figure 38: Vehicle add and update method
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Figure 39: Delete vehicle method
In above snippet code the function onsubmit and deleteVehicle is used to add vehicle,
delete vehicle and update vehicle and details of vehicles are stored in the database in
table vehicle.
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3.5.2.4 Testing:
3.5.2.5 Evaluation:
All the requirements gathered to be completed in this iteration was completed on
time. The features developed for admin page was fully functional and turned out be
satisfactory. However the features for customer or client side was not completed in this
iteration so it was difficult to test and evaluate all the features for user admin. Thus, the
feature for this user will be evaluated in the next iteration along with the other user client.
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3.5.3 Iteration 3:
3.5.3.1 Requirements:
This iteration focuses on implementing the functionality of user type client or
vehicle seeker. The primary requirements for customer or client side were already
gathered in Iteration 1. However from the survey conducted in iteration1 provides a lot of
information as well as survey reflected many new features that people want to see in a
modern vehicle rental system. Requirements were gathered through survey, research
conducted online as well as from client.

The requirement gathered for the user type client or vehicle seeker was analyzed
and the features to be implemented was finalized. The wireframes for the customer page
was designed. Then use case diagram along with collaboration, sequence, activity
diagram was designed mainly focusing on the actor customer or client.
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Wireframe
Figure 40: Wireframe of Available Vehicles for customer
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Figure 41: Wireframe of Reserved Vehicle for customer
Figure 42: Wireframe of feedback for customer panel
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Figure 43: Wireframe of profile for customer panel
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Figure 44: Wireframe for Customer Forgot Password
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Use Case Diagram:
Figure 45: Use case diagram for customer

Activity diagram
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Register Customer
Figure 46: Activity Diagram for Customer registration
Customer Login
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Figure 47: Activity Diagram for Customer Login
Forgot Password
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Figure 48: Activity Diagram for Customer Forgot password
Change Password
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Figure 49: Activity diagram for customer password change
Book vehicles
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Figure
50: Activity Diagram for Book vehicles
Rent vehicles
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Figure 51: Activity Diagram for Rent vehicles
Send Feedback
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Figure 52: Activity Diagram for Sending feedbacks
Search Vehicles
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Figure 53: Activity Diagram Search vehicles

Sequence diagram
Register User
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Figure 54: Sequence diagram for customer registration
Registered User Login
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Figure 55: Sequence diagram for customer login
Change Password
Figure 56: Sequence diagram for customer password change
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Forgot Password
Figure 57: Sequence diagram for customer forgot password
Book vehicle
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Figure 58: Sequence diagram for booking vehicle
Rent vehicle
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Figure 59: Sequence diagram for rent vehicle
Feedback
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Figure 60: Sequence diagram for sending feedback

Register Customer
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Figure 61: Collaboration diagram for customer registration
Customer Login
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Figure 62: Collaboration diagram for customer login
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Change Password
Figure 63: Collaboration diagram for customer password change
Forgot Password
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Figure 64: Collaboration diagram for customer forgot password
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Book vehicle
Figure 65: Collaboration diagram for booking vehicle
Rent vehicle
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Figure 66: Collaboration diagram for rent vehicle
Feedback
Figure 67 : Collaboration diagram for feedback
Code Implementation:
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Register:
Figure 68: Register form UI
Figure 69: User register method
In the above code register method onSubmit is used to register user after verifying email
and user details which are then stored in the database in the table user with user type as
“client”.
Book Vehicles:
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Figure 70: Book vehicle UI
Figure 71: Book vehicle method
The above code method onSubmit is used to book vehicles. Vehicle along with booking
details and user id of the customer is saved in the database. The status for vehicle is
changed to book and is updated in the database.
Rent Vehicles:
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Figure 72: Rent vehicle UI
Figure 73: Rent Vehicle method
The above code method onSubmit is used to rent vehicles. Vehicle along with rent details
and user id of the user is saved in the database. The status for vehicle is changed to rent
and is updated in the database.
Search Vehicles:
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Figure 74: Search vehicle UI
Figure 75: Search Vehicle method
The above two method is used to search the vehicle by vehicle name and vehicle type.
These two method filter the vehicle list according to vehicle name and vehicle type
(twowheeler, four-wheeler).
3.5.3.4 Testing:
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3.5.3.5 Evaluation:
All the requirements gathered to be completed in this iteration was completed on
time. The features developed for customer page was fully functional and turned out be
satisfactory. Since admin as well as customer page was completed in this iteration overall
functionality of the whole system was good. However some features like sending email
confirmation to customer, view feedback and status of vehicles for admin were discussed
which would be added in the next iteration.
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3.5.4 Iteration 4:
3.5.4.1 Requirements:
All the main features of this application were completed before this iteration.
Requirements for this iteration was obtained through suggestion of external supervisor of
FYP and client. Also feature like confirmation through email was one of the requested
features obtained from the survey conducted on the beginning of the project.
Requirements Gathered:
• Admin: Approving and rejecting requests by client.

• Admin: Send email to client
• Admin: View vehicle report and feedback

The requirement gathered for the user type admin was mainly an additional feature
and confirmation of vehicle rent via email to customer. The wireframes for the admin page
and related feature was designed. Then use case diagram along with collaboration,
sequence, activity diagram was designed.
Wireframe
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Figure 76: Wireframe of view feedback for admin
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Figure 77: Wireframe of Vehicle Report for admin panel
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Figure 78: Wireframe for Email Template
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Use case
Figure 79: Use case diagram for Admin -2

Activity diagram
View Feedback
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Figure 80: Activity Diagram for Admin view feedback
View Vehicle Report
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Figure 81: Activity Diagram for Admin view vehicle reserve report
Sequence diagram
View Feedback form
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Figure 82: Sequence diagram for view feedback
View Vehicle Report
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Figure 83: Sequence diagram for view vehicle report
View Feedback form
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Figure 84: Collaboration diagram for view feedback
View Vehicle Report
Figure 85: Collaboration diagram for view vehicle report

Code Implementation:
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Send confirmation mail:
Figure 86: Email Template for sending email
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Figure 87: API to send email
These two http request or API is used to send email to user to notify them about approval
and rejection of their requests.
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Vehicle reserved by client:
Figure 88: Vehicle reserved by client UI
Figure 89: Vehicle Approve and Reject method
The above two method onActionApprove and onActionReject is used to approve and
reject the request made by client.
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3.5.4.4 Testing:
3.5.4.5 Evaluation:
All the features needed for the development for this project was completed after the
completion of this iteration. This iteration was quite short compared to other three
iterations as it did not require any new additional features and new requirements. Overall
system and its features were analyzed along with the possible improvements.
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3.6 Survey Results

3.6.1 Pre-survey results
Before starting the project a pre-survey was done to understand the requirements
for the application and understand the market value for this application.
Some of the results of survey are as follows:
Figure 90: Pre-survey result 1
Figure 91: Pre-survey result 2
Click here to view more results of Pre-Survey
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3.6.2 Post-survey results

After pre-survey was conducted successfully post-survey was also conducted to
learn more about people reviews and their need. This survey was done to know what kind
of features they want in an application.
Some of the results of survey are as follows:
Figure 92: Post-survey result -1
Figure 93: Post-survey result -2
Click here to view more results of Post-Survey
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Chapter 4: Testing and Analysis of progress

4.1 Iteration 1 Testing
Frontend Setup
Objective Compile project
Action Run frontend project
Expected Result Frontend project will compile and run successfully.
Actual Result Frontend project compiled and run successfully.
Conclusion Test Successful

Table 2: Frontend compile testing
Figure 94: Frontend project setup
Backend Setup
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Objective Compile project
Action Run backend project
Expected Result Backend project will compile and run successfully.
Actual Result Backend project compiled and run successfully.

Table 3: Backend compile testing
Figure 95: Backend project setup

Login
Objective Login with admin credentials
Action Enter admin login credentials
Login successfully and redirect to admin

Expected Result
dashboard.
Logged in successfully and redirected to admin
Actual Result
dashboard.
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Table 4: Test case for Admin login
Figure 96: Admin login UI
Figure 97: Admin credentials
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Figure 98: Redirect to admin dashboard
Change password
Objective Change password for Admin
Action Click profile and enter new password.

Password will change and credentials will be
Expected Result
updated redirecting to login page.
Password changed with updated credentials and
Actual Result
redirected to login page.

Table 5: Test case for password change
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Figure 99: Click 'Profile'
Figure 100 : Change admin password
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Figure 101: Display updating credentials
Figure 102: Successful login after changing password
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Add Vehicles
Objective To add new vehicles
Action Fill the details of vehicles to add it.
Expected Result Vehicles will be added after add button is clicked.
Actual Result Vehicles were added after add button was clicked.

Table 6 : Test case for adding vehicles by admin
Figure 103: Click vehicle action
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Figure 104 : Vehicle adding form
Figure 105: Adding vehicle details
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Figure 106: Displaying added vehicles
Update Vehicles
Objective To update vehicles details
Action Click on Edit button to update vehicles.

Vehicle details will be updated after update button is
Expected Result
clicked.
Vehicle details were updated after update button was
Actual Result
clicked.
Table 7: Test case for updating vehicles
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Figure 107: Editing vehicles by clicking edit button
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Figure 108: Editing highlighted text field
Figure 109: After updating vehicle

Delete Vehicles
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Objective To delete vehicles
Action Click on Delete button to delete vehicles.

Vehicles will be deleted after delete button is
Expected Result
clicked.
Vehicles were deleted after deleted button was
Actual Result
clicked.

Table 8: Test case for deleting vehicles
Figure 110 : Deleting vehicles by clicking delete button
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Figure 111: Displaying vehicle deleted message
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Figure 112: List of vehicles after deleting one vehicle
Admin Logout
To logout from admin panel and redirect to login
Objective
page after clicking ‘Log out’ button
Action Click on Log Out button
Expected Result Application will log out and redirect to login page.
Actual Result Application redirects to login page after logout.
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Table 9: Test case for Admin logout
Figure 113: Logging out from admin panel
Figure 114: Redirecting to login page after log out
Forgot Password
Objective To test if mail is sent to user for resetting password
Action Click on Forget Password button and send email.

Application will send email with OTP to user with
Expected Result
valid email and user will be able to reset password.
Application sent email with OTP to user with valid
Actual Result
email and user will be able to reset password.
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Table 10: Test case for Forget password
Figure 115: Click on 'Forgot Password?'
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Figure 116: Enter Email on the given field
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Figure 117: Email sent with OTP code success message
Figure 118: OTP sent via email to reset password
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Figure 119: Message displayed in case of wrong token entered.
Figure 120: Resetting password with valid OTP
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Figure 121: Reset password success message
Figure 122: Login success after resetting password

Bad credentials
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Objective To test invalid username or password.
Action Click on Login button.

Application will display message in case of invalid
Expected Result
username or password entered.
Application displayed message in case of invalid
Actual Result

Table 11: Test case for invalid username or password
Figure 123: Displaying message when login with invalid username and password
Empty login fields
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To test whether admin can login when text fields are

Objective empty.
Action Click on Login button.

Application will display message in case of invalid
Expected Result
Application displayed message in case of invalid
Actual Result
Table 12: Test case for empty login fields
Figure
124: Displaying error message for empty text field login
Empty Description
To test whether admin can add vehicles when text
Objective
fields are empty.
Action Click on Add button.
125
Application will not add vehicles and show missing

Expected Result
fields with red text fields.
Application did not add vehicles and shows missing
Actual Result
fields with red text fields.

Table 13: Test case for empty fields while adding vehicle
Figure 125: Displaying error for empty text field while adding vehicle

Register customer
Objective To register new user.
Action Click on Register button.
Expected Result Application will verify email and register user.
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Actual Result Application verified email and registered user.
Table 14: Test case for user registration
Figure 126: User registration form
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Figure 127: Verifying email address
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Figure 128: Verification email received by customer
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Figure 129: Verifying email while registering user
Figure 130: user details stored in database after registration
Empty Registration form

To test whether user can register themselves when
Objective
text fields are empty.

Application will not be able to register user and show
Expected Result
missing fields with red text fields.
Application is not be able to register user and shows
Actual Result
Table 15: Test case for empty registration form
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Figure 131: Displaying error for empty text field while registering as new user
Registered User Login

Objective Login with registered user credentials
Action Enter registered user login credentials

Login successfully and redirect to customer
Expected Result
dashboard.
Logged in successfully and redirected to customer
Actual Result
dashboard.
Table 16: Test case for registered user login
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Figure 132: User login
Figure 133: Redirected to customer dashboard
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User Logout
To logout from customer panel and redirect to login
Objective
page after clicking ‘Log out’ button
Action Click on Log Out button
Expected Result Application will log out and redirect to login page.
Actual Result Application redirects to login page after logout.

Table 17: Test case for User logout
Figure 134: Logging out from user panel
Figure 135: Redirecting to login page after log out
Forgot Password
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Objective To test if mail is sent to user for resetting password
Action Click on Forget Password button and send email.

Application will send email with OTP to user with
Expected Result
valid email and user will be able to reset password.
Application sent email with OTP to user with valid
Actual Result
email and user will be able to reset password.

Table 18: Test case for User Forgot password
Figure 136: Click on 'Forgot Password?'
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Figure 137: Enter Email on the given field
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Figure 138: Email sent with OTP code success message
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Figure 139: OTP sent via email to reset password
137
Figure 140: Message displayed in case of wrong token entered.
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Figure 141: Resetting password with valid OTP
139
Figure 142: Reset password success message
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Figure 143: Login success after resetting password
141
Change password
Objective Change password for User
Action Click profile and enter new password.

Password will change and credentials will be
Expected Result
updated redirecting to login page.
Password changed with updated credentials and
Actual Result
redirected to login page.

Table 19: Test case for user password change
Figure 144: Click User 'Profile'
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Figure 145 : Change user password
Figure 146: Display updating credentials
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Figure 147: Successful login after changing password
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Book vehicles
Objective To test whether user can book vehicles.
Click on Book button and enter details to book

Action
vehicle.
Application will display booking successful message
Expected Result
and reserves the vehicle for user.
Application will display booking successful message
Actual Result
and reserves the vehicle for user.
Table 20: Test case for booking vehicles
Figure 148: Click on book button to book vehicle
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Figure 149: Select destination coordinates via map
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Figure 150: Fill up booking details and click button book
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Figure 151: Vehicle reserved successful message
Figure 152: Displaying vehicle reserved by user

Rent vehicles
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Objective To test whether user can rent vehicles.
Action Click on Rent button.

Application will display rented successfully message
Expected Result
and sends rent request to admin.
Application will display rented successfully message
Actual Result
and sends rent request to admin.
Table 21: Test case for renting vehicles
Figure 153: Click on rent button to rent vehicle
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Figure 154: Displaying success message.
Figure 155: Displaying rented vehicle
Calculating Price
Objective To test automatic price calculation.
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Action Enter total duration for rent and book in days.

Application will calculate and display total price for
Expected Result
vehicle.
Application will calculate and display total price for
Actual Result
vehicle.

Table 22: Test case for automatic price calculation
Figure 156: Automatic price calculation for rent and book -1
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Figure 157: Automatic price calculation for rent and book -2

Available vehicles
To test whether user can view all available vehicles
Objective with their details.
Action Click on Available Vehicle button.
Expected Result View all available vehicles with their details to user.
Actual Result Views all available vehicles with their details to user.
Table 23: Test case for viewing available vehicles
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Figure 158: Click on Available Vehicles
Figure 159: Displaying available vehicles

Search vehicles
Objective To test whether user can search vehicles.
Enter vehicle name or select radio button to search

Action
by vehicle type.
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Expected Result View vehicles according to search.
Actual Result Vehicles viewed according to search.

Table 24: Test case for viewing search vehicles
Figure 160: Before search
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Figure 161 : Displaying vehicles according to search by Vehicle Name
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Figure 162: Displaying vehicles according to search by Vehicle Type Two-Wheeler
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Figure 163: Displaying vehicles according to search by Vehicle Name Four-Wheeler
Feedback
Objective To test send feedback feature.
Action Click on Feedback button.
Expected Result Send feedback and store in database.
Actual Result Sends feedback and stores in database.

Table 25: Test case for sending feedback
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Figure 164: Displaying feedback form on button click
Figure 165: Sending feedback
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Figure 166: Feedback stored in database

Empty fields
To test whether user can book and rent when text
Objective fields are empty.

Application will not be able to register user and show
Expected Result
Application is not be able to register user and shows
Actual Result
Table 26: Test case for empty text field while booking and renting vehicle
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Figure 167: Displaying error for empty text field while booking vehicle
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Figure 168: Displaying error for empty text field while renting vehicle
Cancelling rent and booking vehicle request

To test whether user can cancel book and rent
Objective
vehicle request.
Action Click on cancel rent and cancel book button.

Book and rent request will be cancelled and
Expected Result
cancelled vehicle will be available to other users.
Book and rent request are cancelled and cancelled
Actual Result
vehicle is available to other users.
Table 27: Test case for cancelling rent and book request
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Figure 169: Before cancelling rent or book
Figure 170: Available vehicles before rent or book cancel
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Figure 150: Cancelling rent or book request
163
Figure 151: Available vehicles after rent or book cancel

Approve Rent
To approve rent request and send approval
Objective
confirmation email.
Action Click on approve button.
Expected Result Approval confirmation email will be send to user.
Actual Result Approval confirmation email is send to user.
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Table 28: Test case for rent approval confirmation email
Figure 171: Rent Request from clients
Figure 172: Press Approve button to rent vehicle
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Figure 173: Request deleted after button click
Figure 174: Displaying approval confirmation email
Reject Rent
Objective To reject rent request and send rejection email.
Action Click on Reject button.

Rejection email will be send to user and request will
Expected Result
be deleted.
Rejection email is send to user and request is
Actual Result
deleted.
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Table 29: Test case for rent request rejected email
Figure 175: Press Reject button to rent vehicle
Figure 176: Displaying rejection success message
167
Figure 177: Displaying rejection email
View Report
Objective To test whether user can view status of vehicles.
Action Click on view vehicles button.
Expected Result View report of vehicles that are on rent.
Actual Result View reports of vehicles that are on rent.
Table 30: Test Case for viewing report of vehicle on rent
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Figure 178: View vehicles that are on rent

Search requests:
To test whether admin can search by vehicle name
Objective
and number.
Action Enter by vehicle name or number.
Expected Result View request details according to search.
Actual Result View request details according to search.

Table 31: Test case for searching requests
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Figure 179: Enter vehicle name or number
Figure 180: Search by vehicle name
Figure 181: Search by vehicle number
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Sort requests:
To test whether admin can sort requests by vehicle
Objective
number, price and rent duration.
Action Click vehicle number or price or rent duration to sort.
Expected Result View request details according to sort by.
Actual Result View request details according to sort by.
Table 32: Test case for sorting request details
Figure 182: Before Sorting request details
Figure 183: Sorting by Vehicle Number
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Figure 184: Sorting by Price
Figure 185: Sorting by Rent Duration
View Feedback
Objective To test whether user can view feedback
Action Click on Feedback button.
Expected Result View Feedback sent by user.
Actual Result View Feedback sent by user.
Table 33: Test case for viewing feedback
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Figure 186: View feedback sent by users
4.5 Critical Analysis

All the features testing process was carried out according to the iterative
incremental methodology. Each step of testing was explained with the help process
elaboration through code snippets and graphical representation. The testing’s are
categorized according to iterations i.e. Iteration 1 testing, Iteration 2 testing, Iteration 3
testing and Iteration 4 testing. Hence all the testing process are successful and the
application operates smoothly.
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Chapter 5: Conclusion
This project is about replacing traditional way of booking and renting vehicles to
systematic online booking and renting. This is final year project also one the biggest
project I have done so far. This project gave me an opportunity to learn new framework
and do more research.
The project was developed using Angular framework for front end and spring boot
framework for backend in Intellij IDE. Iterative incremental methodology was used to
develop the application which helped me to gather all the requirements as well as the
iterative nature helped be to repeat iteration making it easier to develop the project. Also
all the requirements were gathered through survey and from the client and implemented
properly.
This project was developed after a lot of research. Since this project was developed for
the client on real case scenario the requirements were provided directly by the client and
features were added as per client recommendation. Overall with completion of this project
I was able to gain knowledge about JavaScript and Java programming language also I
gain experience in working with framework which will be very useful for my career and
future projects. At the end of the project I was more familiar and gained more experience
working with these language and frameworks.
5.1 Legal, Social and Ethical issues

5.1.1 Legal issues
Legal issues are issues faced after violation of Acts or rules and regulation .Some
the legal issues faced by application nowadays are related to intellectual property
ownership, intellectual property protection like trademarks, copyrights, patents etc., terms
of use and privacy policies. (App Empire, 2018)
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The Vehicle Rental System application is simple online booking and renting vehicle. Thus
application hasn’t violated any of these type of legal issues while developing the
application. This application maintains the confidentiality and privacy of data and is legally
accepted.
5.1.2 Social issues

This application targets the Nepalese audience and the Nepalese market as the
number of people using internet has grown and people are going digital. In social point of
view the app has positive side considering the number of people using internet and online
services. Since the app is useful for both client as well as vehicle rental business owners.
This app can benefit not only people but also government by increasing the economy of
the country. Thus this project and whole system does not have negative impact to the
society and is accessible by all people. (LinkedIn Corporation, 2020)
5.1.3 Ethical issues

One the ethical issues related to vehicle rental system is leaking of the personal
details of the customers and misuse of the details as this web application is a server
based application so personal details are stores in database. Privacy of customer and
their details will be maintained. Personal details will not be accessible by everyone and
will not be misused. Also some of the other ethical issues are hidden fare, not well
maintained vehicles, ownership of copyright, license agreement and intellectual property.
This application tries to be transparent as much as possible so there is no chance of
additional or hidden fare as the prices and charges of the vehicles are calculated by the
application and the maintenance of the vehicles are done time to time and are well
checked before giving it on rent. Any of these ethical issues were not violated while
developing this application. (Simple Programmer, 2018)
5.2 Advantages
Some of the advantages of this application are as follows:
• This application is fully functional and flexible and easy to use.

• It saves a lot of time, money and labor as most of the process is online.
• Use of this application helps to manage the customers as well as offers quality
services to the customer.
175
• It helps company to provide it services without paper work.

• This application acts as office providing service 24/7 to its customer.
• This application can be run on any platforms as well as codes can be reused.
• Custom features can be added further or this application can be customized
according to the requirements of the company.
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5.3 Limitations
Since every application hast its own features and limitations. Some of the limitations
for this project are as follows:
• If client/user is new they must register themselves before logging in.

• Valid email should be entered to register otherwise the system will give error
message.
• In order to perform the rent and book vehicle capability customer must login with
valid credentials.
• Vehicles can go on rent only after the admin approves the requests made by client.
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5.4 Future work

The functions and features of the project is all completed as per client
recommendation and requirements made by client. However, this application can be
improved further and new features can be added to application. Some of the features that
can be added to enhance this application are as follows:
• Development of mobile application.

• Notification for both admin and client side.
• Online payment integration.
• Implementing Chabot’s.
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[Accessed 4 1 2020].

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s.l.: P&S Intelligence.
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15 March 2020].

Available at: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering-prototyping-model/

Available at: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-to-spring-boot/ [Accessed
5 1 2020].
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s.l.: P&S Intelligence.
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Available at: https://www.guru99.com/software-engineering-prototyping-model.html
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Available at: https://www.hotwire.com/car-rentals/results/ORD/ORD/2020-01-
06T10%253A00%253A00/2020-01-07T10%253A00%253A00
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6 April 2020].
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6 April 2020].
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Available at: https://simpleprogrammer.com/ethical-issues-software-engineering/
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Available at: https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/php-mysql/mysql/ [Accessed
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Available at: https://www.sixt.de/ [Accessed
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Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25895/iterative-and-incremental-development [Accessed
6 April 2020].
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Available at: http://www.transportsinnepal.com
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Available at: http://tryqa.com/what-is-waterfall-model-advantages-disadvantages-and-when-to-use-it/ [Accessed
6 April 2020].

Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/sdlc_waterfall_model.htm [Accessed 2
1 2020].

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Available at: http://vehicleshirenepal.com/
183
Chapter 8: Appendix
8.1 Appendix A: Pre-survey
8.1.1 Pre-survey Form
Figure 187: Pre-Survey Form

8.1.2 Sample of filled Pre-survey forms
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Figure 188: Sample of filled Pre-Survey form

8.1.3 Pre-survey result
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Figure 189: Pre-survey results 1 & 2
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187
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189
8.2 Appendix B: Post-survey

8.2.1 Post- Survey Form
Figure 193: Post- survey form
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8.2.2 Sample of filled Post-survey forms
Figure 194: Sample of filled Post-Survey form
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8.2.3 Post-survey result
Figure 195: Post-Survey result 1 & 2
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Figure 196: Post-Survey results of 3 & 4
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Figure 199: Post-Survey results of 9
Figure 200: Post-Survey results of 10
8.3 Appendix C: Sample Codes

8.3.1 Sample Code of the UI
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Figure 201: code of UI vehicle available
Figure 202: Vehicle Available layout
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Figure 203: code of UI login
Figure 204: Login Form layout
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Figure 205: code of UI vehicles reserved by client
Figure 206: Vehicle Reserved by client layout
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Figure 207: code of UI vehicle action
Figure 208: Vehicle action layout
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Figure 209: code of UI register user
Figure 210: Registration form layout

8.3.2 Sample code for the Automation Script
User table
201
Figure 211: Automation script of table user
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Figure 212: Data populated into table user
Above figure is SQL-generated script to create table user. Data’s populated in the table
user are shown in figure as well.
Vehicle table
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Figure 213: Automation script of table vehicle
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Figure 214: Data populated into table vehicle
Above figure is SQL-generated script to create table vehicle. Data’s populated in the table
vehicle are shown in figure.
Feedback table
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Figure 215: Automation script of table feedback
Figure 216: Data populated into table feedback
Above figure is SQL-generated script to create table feedback. Data’s populated in the
table feedback are shown in figure.
8.4 Appendix D: Designs
8.4.1 Gantt Chart
Initial Gantt chart
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Figure 217: Initial Gantt chart
Final Gantt chart
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Figure 218: Final Gantt chart
8.4.2 Work breakdown structure

Initial Work breakdown structure
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Figure 219: Initial Work breakdown structure
Final Work breakdown structure
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Figure 220: Final Work breakdown structure
WBS for Iteration 1
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Figure 221: Final WBS for Iteration 1
211
WBS for I
teration 2
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WBS for I
teration 3
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WBS for I
teration 4
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8.4.3 Algorithms and flowcharts

Algorithms:
Step 1: Login with username and password
Step 2: If registered user go to Step 3 else go to step 4.
Step 3: If valid credentials go to step 4. If invalid credentials go to Step 1
Step 4: Register user
Step 4: If user type admin go to Step 5 and Step 6 else go to Step 7 and 8
Step 5: Redirect to admin panel
Step 6: Perform admin actions like add, update, delete vehicles, view vehicle report
Step 7: Redirect to customer panel
Step 8: Perform actions like book and rent vehicles.
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Flowchart:
Figure 225: Flowchart of whole system
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8.4.4 3D Modelling
Figure 226: 3D modelling of Admin panel
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Figure 227: 3D modeling of registration form
Figure 228: 3D modelling of rent vehicle
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8.4.5 Use case

Iteration 2 High level Use case
1.
Use case Name: Admin login
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin enters his or her email and password on the login form provided to
the user by the system to login.
2.
Use case Name: Forgot Password
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin enters their email address on a form the system provides after
pressing the forget password button which sends OTP to the user’s email. By entering
the code admin they can enter their new password.
3.
Use case Name: Change Password
Actor: Admin
Description: On the profile page an admin can change their password by entering new
password and clicking update button.
4.
Use case Name: Manage vehicles
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin selects vehicle action then they can add vehicles, edit and delete
vehicles.
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Expanded Use Case

1.
Use case Name: Admin login

Actor: Admin
Description: Admin enters his or her email and password on the login form provided to
the user by the system to login.
Typical Course of Events:

Actor Action System Response
1. GUI asking users login detail
2. User enters login detail 3. The system verifies the information
given
4. Login Successful message
Alternative Courses:
Line 3: The entered login information is incorrect and displays error message. Use case
ends.
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2.
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin enters their email address on a form the system provides after
pressing the forget password link which sends OTP to the user’s email. By entering the
code admin they can enter their new password.

1. GUI having forget password link is
displayed
2. User clicks forget password link 3. GUI asking for users’ email is shown
4. User enters their email 5. System validates the email
6. System sends OTP to the users’ email
7. GUI showing reset password form is

displayed
8. User enters verification code

9. User enters new password 10. Password successfully changed
Line 5: Email validation fails. Use case ends.
3.
Actor: Admin
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Description: On the profile page an admin can change their password by entering new

1. User clicks on profile 2. Profile GUI is displayed
3. User enters new password 4. System update the information given
5. Redirect to login page
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Use case Name:

4.
Manage vehicles
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin selects vehicle action then they can add vehicles, edit and delete
vehicles.

1. User clicks on vehicle action 2. Vehicle action GUI is displayed
3. User add/edit/delete vehicles 4. System add/edit/delete the vehicles
5. Success message displayed.
Line 4: add/edit/delete vehicle fails. Use case ends.
Iteration 3 High level Use case

1.
Use case Name: Register Customer
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer enters his or her details on the registration form provided to the
user by the system to register.
2.
Use case Name: Customer login
Actor: Customer
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9
.
Use case Name:
Description: Customer enters his or her email and password on the login form provided
to the user by the system to login.
3.
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer enters their email address on a form the system provides after
pressing the forget password button which sends OTP to the user’s email. By entering
the code customer they can enter their new password.
4.
Actor: Customer
Description: On the profile page a customer can change their password by entering new
5
Book vehicles
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer clicks book button then enter booking details and click book
button.
6.
Use case Name: Rent vehicles
Actor: Customer
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Description: Customer clicks rent button then enter rent details and click rent button.
7.
Use case Name: Search vehicles
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer filters vehicles by search name or vehicle type.
8.
Use case Name: View available vehicles
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer selects available vehicles then all the available vehicles are
displayed.
8.
Use case Name: Send feedback
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer selects feedback button then write comment and send feedback.
Expanded Use Case
1.
Use case Name: Register Customer
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer enters his or her details on the registration form provided to the
user by the system to register.

1. GUI asking users detail
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.
Use case Name:
2. User enters users details 3. The system verifies the email
4. Register User Successful message
Line 3: Email verification failed. Use case ends.
2
Customer login
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer enters his or her email and password on the login form provided
to the user by the system to login.

1. GUI asking users login detail
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2. User enters login detail 3. The system verifies the information

given
4. Login Successful message
Line 3: The entered login information is incorrect and displays error message. Use case
ends.
3.
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer enters their email address on a form the system provides after
pressing the forget password link which sends OTP to the user’s email. By entering the
code customer they can enter their new password.

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.
Use case Name:
1. GUI having forget password link is
displayed
2. User clicks forget password link 3. GUI asking for users’ email is shown
4. User enters their email 5. System validates the email
6. System sends OTP to the users’ email
7. GUI showing reset password form is

displayed
8. User enters verification code

9. User enters new password 10. Password successfully changed
Line 5: Email validation fails. Use case ends.
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.
4
Actor: Customer
Description: On the profile page an customer can change their password by entering new

1. User clicks on profile 2. Profile GUI is displayed
3. User enters new password 4. System update the information given
5. Redirect to login page
5
Book vehicles
Description: Customer clicks book button then enter booking details and click book
button.

1. User clicks on vehicle available 2. Vehicle available GUI is displayed
3. User clicks book button 4. Booking details GUI is displayed
5. User enters booking details

6. User clicks book button 7. System stores details in database
8. Success message
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.
Use case Name:
Actor: Customer
Line 7: Error storing in database. Use case ends.
6
Rent vehicles
Description: Customer clicks rent button then enter rent details and click rent button.

1. User clicks on vehicle available 2. Vehicle available GUI is displayed
3. User clicks rent button 4. Rent details GUI is displayed
5. User enters rent details

6. User clicks rent button 7. System stores details in database
8. Success message
Line 7: Error storing in database. Use case ends.
7
Search vehicles
Description: Customer filters vehicles by search name or vehicle type.

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.
Use case Name:
Actor: Customer
1. User enters vehicle name in search 2. System filters vehicles by vehicle name
field. searched.
3. User search by vehicle type selecting 4. System filters vehicles by vehicle type
radio button searched.
Line 2: Error filtering vehicle list. Use case ends.

Line 4: Error filtering vehicle list. Use case ends.
8
View available vehicles
Description: Customer selects available vehicles then all the available vehicles are
displayed.

1. User select available vehicles 2. System displays all the available
vehicles.
3. Redirect to available vehicle.
Line 2: Error displaying vehicle list. Use case ends.
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.
Use case Name:
Actor: Customer
8.
Use case Name: Send feedback
Actor: Customer
Description: Customer selects feedback button then write comment and send feedback.

1.User click feedback button 2. Feedback form is displayed
3. User submit feedback 4. System stores feedback in the
database.
Line 4: Error storing feedback. Use case ends.
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Iteration 4 High Level Use case

1.
Use case Name: View vehicle report
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin selects vehicle rented by client then vehicle on rent report is
displayed with customer and vehicle details.
2.
Use case Name: Send confirmation
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin approve or reject requests by client and send email respectively.
3.
Use case Name: View feedback
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin selects feedback then all feedbacks are displayed.
Expanded Use case

1.
Use case Name: View vehicle report
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin selects vehicle rented by client then vehicle on rent report is
displayed with customer and vehicle details.

1.User selects vehicle approved 2. System displays vehicle approved for
rent or vehicle that are on rent report
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Line 2: Failed to fetch data. Use case ends.
2.
Use case Name: Send confirmation
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin approve or reject requests by client and send email respectively.

1.User selects vehicle reserved by 2. System displays all rent and booked
client vehicles.
3. User click approve button 4. System sends approval email to
customer.
5. User click reject button 5. System sends rejection email to

customer.
Line 2: Email send fails. Use case ends.

Line 4: Email send fails. Use case ends.
3.
Use case Name: View feedback
Actor: Admin
Description: Admin selects feedback then all feedbacks are displayed.

1.User selects feedback 2. Feedback report is displayed by system
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Line 2: Error displaying feedbacks. Use case ends.
8.4.6 Wireframe
Initial Wireframe
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Figure 229: Initial Wireframe of Admin panel
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Figure 230: Initial Wireframe of Customer panel
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Figure 231: Initial Wireframe of Login form
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Figure 232: Initial Wireframe of Registration form
8.4.7 Designs
Initial Sequence Diagram
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Figure 233: Initial Sequence Diagram for Admin
Customer
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Figure 234: Initial Sequence Diagram for Customer
Initial Collaboration Diagram
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Figure 235: Initial Collaboration Diagram for Admin
Figure 236: Initial Collaboration Diagram for Customer
ER Diagram
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Figure 237: Initial ER Diagram
Initial Activity Diagram
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Figure 238: Initial Activity Diagram for Admin
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Figure 239: Initial Activity Diagram for Custom
8.5 Appendix E: Screenshots of the system
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Figure 240: Home page
Figure 241: Login Page
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Figure 242: User registration form page
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Figure 243: Customer dashboard
Figure 244: Admin dashboard
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Figure 245: Vehicle action page
Figure 246: Vehicles reserved by client
Figure 247: Vehicle rented by client
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Figure 248: Admin Profile page
Figure 249: View Feedback page
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Figure 250: Reserved vehicles
Figure 251: Feedback form
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Figure 252: Available vehicle page
Figure 253: About page
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8.6 Appendix F: User Feedback

8.6.1 Client Approval Letter
Figure 254: Client approval letter
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8.6.2 User feedback form
Figure 255: User feedback form

8.6.3 Sample of filled User feedback forms
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Figure 256: Filled User feedback form

8.7 Appendix G: Development
8.7.1 Considered Methodology
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Waterfall Model
The Waterfall methodology is considered a classic approach and is widely used
during software development process. The entire approach complements the
methodology name itself. As in waterfall, the development process is divided into multiple
phases. Each phase occurs after the completion of the phase prior to it. The following
figure depicts how Waterfall model functions. (AirBrake, 2020)
(Try QA, 2020)
(UKEssays, 2020)
Figure 257: Phases of waterfall methodology
• Feasibility
The potential requirements are identified and defined in this phase.
• Analysis
We produce proper models and business logic based on the system specifications identified
in the previous phase.
• Design
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A system design is generated where necessary software and hardware specifications are
mentioned which is further utilized to define the system architecture.
• Coding/Implementation
The system design is further implemented to produce a viable source code which utilizes
the models and logic generated in the previous phase.
• Testing
The source code is tested in units and merged into a functional system after successful
testing of each unit.
• Maintenance
In case of unwanted issues in the client side, patches are used to overcome the encountered
issues.
Prototype Model
Unlike other development methodologies mentioned above, prototype model kicks
off with a prototype of the system being built before the requirements are specified in
detail. A light concept of what the user expects is noted down to provide an experience to
end user to some extent via a prototype as mentioned above. The user can then provide
feedback in parts of the prototype itself for further modifications. This information is
documented as specification for further development which is as per the standard of what
the user is looking for and also minimizing any form miscommunications. (Java T Point,
2020) (searchcio, 2020)
(guru99, 2020)
Figure 258: Phases of prototype methodology
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8.7.2 Selected Methodology

Iterative and Incremental Model
Speaking of iterative and incremental model, we generally kick off with planning
the development process which is followed by series of feedback session from the end
user themselves. Corrections are made to previous development plans in an iterative as
per the user feedback which can at times contain added requirements which is the
incremental part. The diagram below depicts a simple iterative process carried out in
software development. (Techopedia, 2020)
(LinkedIn Corporation, 2020)

Figure 259 : Phases of Iterative and incremental methodology
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8.8 Appendix H: Initial Software Requirement Specification
Functional Requirements:
• New users can register themselves online and log in.

• Users can rent vehicles online and also make online reservations for
vehicles
• Notification of approval or cancelation of booking or renting vehicles is
provided to user.
• Users can give feedback after using the service.
Non-Functional Requirements:
• Users can view all pages of application.

• Users can view vehicles details.
• Users can Search vehicles.
Useable Requirements:
• Users can logout themselves from the application.

• Users can sign up.
• Users get notifications for confirmation of booking and renting vehicles.
• Users can give feedbacks.
8.9 Appendix I: Proposal

Introduction
a. Problem Scenario
A country like Nepal where most of the population belongs to middle class family. Most
of the people can’t afford a car or bike. People are always on rush they have less time
and more work so wiling or unwilling they have to travel to different places for meeting,
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work business etc. Public vehicle is not the best option as it is generally running late,
crowded and one cannot reach to its destination with comfort.
b. Project as a solution
This application “Vehicle Rental System” comes up as a solution to the current

scenario for people who can’t afford vehicle. They can book a car trip, business
meeting, and office to home, home to office or anywhere they want to travel. This
application is an online system through which clients can view car and bikes, signup,
login, view profile, book car. One who has license can drive themselves but in case
they don’t have license then driver will be assigned with car.
Aims and Objectives
Aims
To make rental system easy, comfortable and available for everyone in best deals fro travelling.
Objectives
• User can login and register themselves to rent a vehicle.
• Provides list of all vehicles available.
• Provides online vehicle reservation.
• To save customer time and provide them with best service in best prices.
Expected Outcomes and Deliverables
At the end of the project, a proper application is to be built that will make vehicle renting
system easy, saves time of customer and make travelling comfortable for them. They can
book vehicle online, select their destinations and in case customer don’t know how to
drive driver will be provided to the customer.
Project risks, threats and contingency plans
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No matter how robust our system is, we somewhat manage to pack some risk when we
build and refurbish a system. The unforeseen casualties somewhere in the future gets
triggered when we ignore risks or leave it uncalculated. When we address potential risks
in order to understand and analyze them, we refer to it as Risk Management. Keeping
various aspects of the system in mind, we calculate the risk and manage them such that
the system remains healthy and safe. The steps involved in risk management are as
mentioned below.
• Risk identification
• Access impact of risk
• Lessen critical risk
• Risk control
Likelihood Value
Low 1
Medium 2
High 3
Consequences Value
Very Low 1
Low 2
Medium 3
High 4
Very high 5
With strong reference to the tables mentioned above, we calculate the impact of a specific
risk with respect to the formula: Impact = Likelihood * Consequences
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In case of my project, the following risk management matrix is presented which follows certain
Risk Management standards.
Risk Type Description Likelihood Consequence Impact Action
Natural Disaster 1 5 5 Consulting c loud backup
(Dropbox, One drive
etc.)
Deadline 2 4 8 Following a
Overruns schedule speci
developmen fic for
ever y
t phases.
Unforeseen 1 5 5 Keeping the project

Non- growth of project codes
scope and
Technical
implementation
methodology simple as
such for future viable
changes.
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Gold plating – 2 4 8 Properly going through

including user requirements and
only including required
features features.
irrelevant to
project scope
Encountering 3 4 12 Investing more time and
unwanted bugs budget on testing for
possible bugs and
and glitches glitches.
Hardware failure 2 5 10 Always having backup

hardware components
just in case.
Complex 2 5 10 Consulting conventional

algorithms to achieve
Technicalalgorithms goals with minimum
resulting casualties.
memory leakage
and CPU
overhead
Hard-disk 1 5 5 Backing up important files
and in cloud.
backup failure
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Methodology
Incremental and iterative methodology will be used for this project.
Resource Requirements
Following are the tools that are to be used while developing this application.
IDE – IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.5
Programming language – Typescript/ JavaScript
Frameworks used – Angular 8 (Front-end)
Modelling tool – draw.io,balsamiq
Work Breakdown Model
Estimated
WBS Task Description time in days
0 Interactive tutorial platform 123

1 Feasibility study and Planning 15
1.1 Scoping 5
1.2 Proposal Writing 10
2 Analysis 29
2.1 Achieve functional requirements 11
2.2 Achieve non-functional requirements 11
2.3 Use case and scenario description 7
3 Design 26
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3.1 Behavioral Modelling 12

3.1.1 Sequence diagram 7
3.1.2 Activity diagram 5
3.2 Structural Modelling 9
3.2.1 Class diagram 6
3.2.2 ER diagram 3
3.3 UI design 5
4 Implementation 31
4.1 Reviewing functional specifications 5
4.2 Application development 14
4.3 Implementation of MVVM pattern 5
4.4 Development of backend and database 7
5 Testing 7
5.1 Perform unit testing 4
5.2 Perform Integration testing 3
6 Documentation 15
6.1 Report writing 15
Gantt chart
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Conclusion
The primary objective of this project is to create an Online Vehicle Rental System
that user can use to enhance their travelling experience, in this case, the application will
provide details about the vehicles and customer can rent the vehicle available as per their
choice in best prices. This project will also help me to learn about new tools and
technologies and help me to further increase my skills.
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Acknowledgement

1.1.1 Current Scenario:

(GlobeNewswire, oct 14,2019)

1.2 Problem Domain:

1.4 Aims and Objectives:

In order to achieve the aim, the following objectives will be met:

• To conduct research and survey on the topic which will help to

• To develop web based application that’s allows online customer

1.5 Structure of the Report:

1.5.3 Testing and Analysis:

End user 1: Vehicle Seeker

End user 2 Admin

Administrates the web application

2.2 System Architecture

Figure 1: System Architecture

2.3 Functions and Features

2.4 Similar Systems:

Figure 2: Views of Rent Rabbit

(Rent Rabbit, 2019)

Figure 3: View of Sixt

Figure 4: Views of Vehicle Hire Nepal

(Vehicle Hire Nepal, 2018)

(Hotwire, Inc., an Expedia Group company, 2020)

Figure 5: Views of Hotwire

(Hotwire, Inc., an Expedia Group company, 2020)

2.4.5 Transports in Nepal

Figure 6: Views of Transports in Nepal

(Transports in Nepal, 2020)

OnlineRent Yes No Yes

Vehicles (like cars,

Book Vehicles No No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Search Vehicles Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Travelcost No Yes No Yes No Yes

Free Cancellation Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Feedbacks Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Table 1: Comparison between similar systems

2.5 Review of Technical Aspects

Angular is a JavaScript framework used to create reactive Single Page Applications. It is

(java t point, 2018)

Justification for consideration:

Justification for Rejection:

• It does not allow for incrementing features and functions.

View brief explanation of waterfall methodology

Justification for consideration:

• This methodology allows to change functions and features.

Justification for Rejection:

• Prototype methodology requires high involvement and interactions of clients/ end-

View brief explanation of prototype methodology

Justification for consideration and selection:

• It is ideal as each modules or components can be developed individually and at

View brief explanation of iterative incremental methodology

3.2 Selected Methodology

3.3 Phases of methodology

3.3.2 Analysis and Design

3.4 System Requirement Specification

3.4.2 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

3.4.3 Project Scope

3.4.4 Overall Description

3.4.4.2 Operating Environment

3.4.4.4 Assumptions and Dependencies