2.4 Urgency Handling: 3.1 Brief Introduction

Users’ Guide＿＿＿＿Maintenance and fault handing
operation and installation of the equipment with capability to complete

fully the maintenance and repairing work.
● Maintainers shall know meanings of various signals during running
process of the equipment as well as corresponding countermeasures if
handling is necessary.
● Maintainers shall be able to take urgent measures, such as switching off
field circuit breaker and cutting off power etc.
2.4 Urgency handling

First switch off the field circuit breaker and cut off all powers on excitation
equipments or connected to the equipments in the control form. In case of a fire, note
that CO2 fire extinguisher can be spayed directly to electric devices on fire but not
any person on fire. Foam fire extinguishers can be sprayed only to power-off electric
devices and persons on fire but not electrified ones.
Attension: for detailed information on open-loop test, operators can refer to chapter 7.
3. Maintenance of excitation equipments

3.1 Brief introduction
Though most electrical components are not worn in spite of light aging, there are
still some electromechanical components, such as breakers, contactors, fans etc, with
mechanical wear and tear.
During running process of the equipments, fault system exercises fault detection
continually in running channel and standby channels. Even fault detecting system
itself will be detected. But fault-detecting system cannot guarantee to detect all the
faults, e.g. whether the relays are switched properly etc, so regular detection of
equipments are still necessary.
During regular examination, apart from cleaning of equipment components or
reassembly or fixing of components, following function examinations shall also be
executed.
Air circulation in power commutation makes it easy for the dust to accumulate on
silicon component surfaces. Air ventilation also accumulates dust in other circuits.
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Vibration may loosen connecting places of terminals or other screws.

Due to the high voltage and great current existing in excitation circuit,
accumulation of dust on electric devices and electric conductors increases danger of
component damage incurred by voltage flashover. Regulator maintenance can greatly
decrease dangers like this.
3.2 Working conditions of maintenance

When maintenance is executed, please note conditions of the excitation system and
that different examining and maintaining items shall be done under different working
conditions.
Working condition (1), switch off all powers in excitation equipment and cut off all
electric connections.
Working condition (2), supply only plant power and DC.
Working condition (3), open-loop test conditions
Working condition (4), the equipment is running
3.3 Maintenance schedule

Sequence Items Once every month Once every year
No.
Excitation transformer
1 Excitation Check for dust, dirt and Check for dust, dirt and
transformer abnormal noise etc. abnormal noise etc.
Commutator
2 Fan Check dust, dirt, normal wind Check dust, dirt, normal wind
force and abnormal noise. force and abnormal noise.
3 Radiator, air Check dust, dirt, running Check dust, dirt, running
temperature etc. temperature etc.
4 Controlled Check all triggering circuits of
silicon controlled silicon。
De-exciter
5 Field circuit Check dirt, contacts, explosion
breaker chamber etc
6 Crowbar Check dust, dirt etc Check dust, dirt etc
7 De-excitation Check dust, dirt etc Check dust, dirt etc as well s
resistor soundness of protective fuse
（limited to non-linear resistor
de-excitation）。
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Regulator
8 The circuit Check dust, dirt etc
board of
printed line
9 Function Channel switching (after short Check fault-switching function.
examination period of running standby
channel, it shall be switched back
to main channel for running.)
The items in the above table will be illustrated in detail in the following section.
The checking every three months and the checking every year are done separately.
In the former process no maintenance is done if there is no abnormal phenomenon and
actual maintenance is done in the latter process. Cleaning is not limited to items
described in the table but in the whole excitation system, including exciter casing and
construction parts etc.
During the first year after the system is put in use, the maintenance shall be done
strictly as schedules and be adjusted after a proper maintenance time interval based on
observation of the first year. The maintenance interval shall be shortened in case of
rapid accumulation of dust and prolonged in case of good running environment and
little dust.
3.4 Maintenance once every 3 months

Maintenance once every 3 months can be done under Working condition (4)
1. Excitation voltage transformer:
Check the dust and noise of excitation transformer.
2. Power commutator
Check to see if there is serious dirt on surface and blades of fan, if the air
ventilation is proper, if there is any abnormal noise. When it is not convenient to
dismantle the fan to lubricate the rotating shaft and when the noise increases evidently,
it may be replaced upon maintenance next time.
3. Standby fan:
In case there are two fans in the rectifier cubicle, the standby fan shall also be
examined upon examination during maintenance. Apart from regular examination, the
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standby fan shall also be switched on to check to see if it runs properly and then the
main fan is switched on again. Generally speaking, if the fans are installed one above
the other, the one above is the main fan. In case of necessary replacement, the main
fan shall be replaced due to long running time and wear and tear consequently. During
replacement the standby fan need not be uninstalled. In case of damaged standby fan,
the main fan shall be uninstalled firstly and then the standby fan shall be uninstalled.
The above case does not exist if the fans are installed one on the right of the other or
one in front of the other.
Check the air filter on the cubicle door. It shall be replaced if it’s very dirty and
hard to clean.
4. Check radiator temperature (limited to intelligent rectifier cubicle only). Under
the condition of certain output voltage, current and environment, check temperature of
display. If there is evident difference between this temperature and the one recorded
under previous similar conditions, examine carefully the fun, radiator, dirt and dust on
dust filter etc.
5. Regulator
No abnormal signal is transmitted by the regulator; Data on the display, such as
excitation voltage, excitation current, generator active power, generator reactive
power, generator voltage etc as well as reading numbers on other gauges in the control
room should be within deviation scope. If data of A and B regulators are displayed,
the parameters of the two channels should be consistent (within deviation scope).
In case the regulator is a 3-channel system, usually A channel is selected to run as
the main channel. To ensure switching function and redundant channel function are
good and proper, proper switching among the 3 channels shall be checked.
When the channels are switched manually, the switching can not be executed unless
control signals of switched channel are the same with those of the running channel. In
normal situation, the terminal voltage or reactive power shall not be fluctuated
evidently after the switching is done. In case of great fluctuation it shall be switched
back to the original running channel and it shall be checked for causes.
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3.5 Maintenance once every year

The maintenance once every year, based on the maintenance once every 3 months,
is illustrated as follows.
During this process, maintenance shall be particularly done to field circuit breaker.
First examine its appearance to check to see if there is any dirt or damage. Secondly
moving contacts, which are often subject to wear and tear, shall be examined. If field
circuit breaker is rarely operated, it shall be switched on and off to see if it moves
properly to avoid accidental lock.
1. Excitation transformer
Under working condition (1), clean dust and dirt etc off the appearance of
transformer and conductor joining parts with dry cloth, vacuum cleaner or compressed
air (pressure not too great). Do not use any solvent detergent.
2. Commutator
Under working condition (2) or (3), check dust, dirt, air ventilation and noise of fan
etc. Clean the fan if necessary.
Dust net. Dust filtering net shall be cleaned or replaced if it is too dirty.
Check radiator temperature (limited to intelligent rectifier cubicle only). Under
working condition (4), under certain environmental condition and certain voltage and
current, observed displayed temperature value. In case of evident increase in
temperature compared with before, repeat step 2, and then clean the radiator as per
working condition (1): Dust it and clean it with hair brush, vacuum cleaner or
compressed air (pressure not too great). Do not use any solvent detergent.
Check to see if triggering circuit runs normally. In case of normal running, the
automatic detecting circuit detects and monitors the triggering circuit. So a group of
pulse plugs may be pulled out in open-loop test to simulate pulse fault to see if the
detecting circuit can properly execute detection.
3. De-excitation circuit and field circuit breaker
Under working condition (1), check dust, dirt and contact cauterization. Clean the
switch itself with dry cloth or hairbrush. Open the explosion chamber and check the
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contact. Polish the cauterized part with fine sand paper in case of cauterization. After
there is rated current on field circuit breaker and the current is shunted, check the
explosion chamber and contact. Blow the smoke away from the explosion chamber
with compressed air. Polish the contact if it is cauterized.
Examine screw joints under working condition (1), examine screw joints on copper
bar, check to see if the screws on joints of crowbar (limited to non-linear resistor
de-excitation only) fix properly.
Check for insulation problems incurred by dirt or screw loosening: Under working
condition (1), clean the joints with dry cloth if necessary. It is recommended that one
year after it is put in use for the first time, all screws including connection terminals
shall be screwed tight. Such operation may go once every four years after this.
4. Regulator
Check to see if the printed substrate is clean. Under working condition (1), clean
the line board with compressed air (pressure not too high).
Check for dust on base pins and on joints of pluggable components on circuit
boards. If there is, it may incur make the function of circuit board out of order. Clean
it with compressed air (the pressure not too great) or vacuum cleaner. Do not use any
solvent detergent.
Regulator function checking. Under working condition (4), check to see if control
board signals are normal, if IOP displayed values are normal and if the standby
channel works normally.
5. Open-loop test
If necessary an open-loop test shall be carried out as to the whole excitation system.
During the test, simulation may be done to the control circuit apart from checking
normality of excitation output waveform. Input, output signals etc may be simulated.
Simulation shall be done selectively as per electrical atlas and corresponding test
documents.
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4. Fault handling
4.1 Fault handling conditions
Before fault handling starts, read 1.2 Safety Measures first. In case of replacement
of any component in the system, all excitation powers and all external electric
connections shall be cut off to ensure personal and equipment safety. Hot plugging is
forbidden.
Some components sensitive to static induction like CMOS component are easily
damaged if they are subject to static discharging. So keep away from them. In case of
replacement of such components or installation of circuit boards with these
components, first switch off the power and you would better wear sheaths on the
wrists for discharging during operation. In urgency, touch metal part with no paint in
the casing before operation to minimized danger of damage by static to the
component.
The new component to be put in use should better be provided by our company. All
spare parts have been examined at plant and can directly replace the original
component without jumping or setting etc.
4.2 Fault handling

In most cases, the normal functions in excitation system are continually monitored
by excitation fault monitoring system. In case of any fault in these functions, the
monitoring system will issue alarm signal and give fault details. For corresponding
fault handling please see the approaches described in the following fault handling
procedures.
4.3Information table for excitation system fault and

abnormal conditions
1. Flashing failure
Conditions: The terminal voltage stays <10% rated value after receiving the startup
command or the flashing command.
Corresponding status:
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(1) “Initiation failure” shown on the screen

(2) The output point of “initiation failure” connected on the IO board
(3) The regulator would stop send out triggering pulse
Possible cause, check and handling:
(1) Check if the de-excitater switch is off
(2) Check if there’s remote or local reversion command
(3) Check if the DC current switch in the power controller is off
(4) Check if the pulse cut switch is in the position of “on”
(5) Check if the fuse is off
(6) Check if the excitation primary, secondary circuit is off
(7) Check if the rotor circuit is off
(8) Check if the excitaion power is on
(9) Check if the initiation contactor works in initiation
(10) The initiation resistor or diode off
(11) The regulator didn’t receive command of initiation: with the start up command,
the No. 9 indicator light on the I/O board is off
2.deviation failure
Conditions: In no-loaded condition, after deviation command holding 10s, generator
voltage larger 10%.
(1) Display on the regulator displays “deviation failure”.
(2) Output contacts “deviation failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(3) Regulator will bring deviation failure relay K03 operate and field circuit break
operate.
(1) Check if there is voltage in the PT circuit after stopping generator.
(2) Check if regulator deviation signal is normal.
3.PT failure
Conditions:
(1) A/B synchronization coefficient is equal to 0:
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(2) A/B generator voltage is higher 10% rated voltage and one of 1PT /2PT measuring
voltage lower 83% of 3 phases average.
(3) A/B synchronization coefficient is unequal to 0:
(4) A/B syschronization generator is higher 20% rated voltage and higher 1PT/2PT
generator voltage and 10% rated voltage.
(1) Display on the regulator displays “1PT/2PT failure”.
(2) Output contacts “1PT/2PT failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(3) A/B channel will automatically switch to manual mode.
(4) A/B channel will automatically switch to standby channel for operating.
(1) Check 1PT/2PT voltage is normal.
(2) See if A/B measuring voltage in the display of the regulator is normal.
(3) See if A/B synchronization voltage is normal by regulating software.
4. A/B detecting failure
Conditions:
(1) A/B testing chips have hardware or software failure
(1) Display on the regulation diaplays “set A/B detecting failure”.
(2) Output contacts “set A/B detecting failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O
board.
(1) Restoring terminal 1 of Chip U18/U19 holds high voltage (>4.5V) on the switch
quantity board, change capacity C17/C16.
(2) Change XT13 on the switch quatity board.
(3) Change chip U18/U19 on the switch quatity board.
5. C regulator failure
Conditions:
When start up holds:
(1) Controlling chip of set C has hardware or software or power failure.
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(2) C has synchronization failure.

(1) Display on the regulation displays “set C regulation failure”.
(2) Output contacts “set C regulation failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O
board.
(1) Check if set C synchronization signal is normal.
(2) Restoring terminal 1 of set C chip U6 on the analogue quantity board hoids high
voltage (>4.5V), maybe photoelectricity U3 is not welded.
Change XTAL or programme chip of set C.
6. A/B power failure
Conditions:
Output voltage of set A/B +5V switch power is abnormal (disappear or higher 5.25V)
or +12V disappear.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “A/B power failure”.
(2) Output contacts “A/B power failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(3) A/B regulator will automatically switch to standby channel.
(1) Measure if voltage of terminal X4:1/X4:9 and X4:3/X4:10 is normal or higher
5.25V.
(2) Measure if voltage of terminal X4:4/X4:13 and X4:3/X4:10 is disappear.
(3) Check if set A/B +5V&+12V switch power is normal.
7. A/B regulator failure
Conditions:
When R632 signal holds (generator voltage is higher 40%), set A/B regulator
hardware or software failure.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “A/B regulation failure”.
(2) Output contacts “A/B regulator failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O
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board.
(1) Restore A/B CPU board.
(2) A/B CPU fails and change.
(3) A/B DSP fails and change.
8. A/B pulse failure
Conditions:
Set A/B detecting chip on the switch quantity board detect one or more phase pulse
disappear when set A/B operate.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “A/B pulse failure”.
(2) Output contacts “A/B pulse failure” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(1) Check if A/B synchronization signal is normal.
(2) A/B bring SCM failure or stopping work.change chip of pulse SCM.
(3) Check if crystalloid of A/B pulse on the switch quantity board.
9.DC 24V I section disappearance
Conditions:
Generator voltage is higher 80% rated voltage and regulator set I 24V disappear.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “DC 24V I section disappearance”.
(2) Output contacts “DC 24V I section disappearance” will contact on the
Intelligentized I/O board.
(1) Check if terminal voltage of set I 24V is normal.
(2) Check if output voltage of secondary wrings of synchronization transformer is
normal.
(3) Check if 24V output of set I 24V is normal, may be switch power failure, change
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it.
10. DC 24V II section disappearance
Conditions:
Generator voltage is higher 80% rated voltage and regulator set II 24V disappear.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “DC 24V II section disappearance”.
(2) Output contacts “DC 24V II section disappearance” will contact on the
(1) Check if terminal voltage of set II 24V is normal.
(2) Check if 24V output of set I 24V is normal, may be switch power failure, change
it.
11. AC power disappearance
Conditions:
Plant power set I&II disappear.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “AC disappearance”.
(2) Output contacts “AC disappearance” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(1) Check if all the AC breakers in plant power supply circuit are switched on.
(2) Check if AC relative contacter is operated.
(3) Check if external plant power is normal.
12.DC disappear
Conditions:
DC setIorII disappear.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “DC disappearance”.
(2) Output contacts “DC disappearance” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(1) Check if external output DC power is normal at external wiring terminals.
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(2) Check if 220V DC at voltage external wiring terminals of fuse or breaker in DC

power circuit.
13. Field circuit breaker Mis-opening
Conditions:
When networking of generator holds，and Field circuit breaker break down.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “Field circuit breaker Mis-opening ”.
(2) Output contacts “DC disappearance” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(1) Check if breaker at generator exit is ON.
(2) Check if field circuit breaker is OFF.
14. Overexcitation protection
Conditions:
Excitation current measured on analogue quantity board bigger overexcitation
protection value.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “Field circuit breaker Mis-opening ”.
(2) Output contacts “Overexcitation protection” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O
board.
Overexcitation protection relay K04 will operate, output contacts send signal or stop.
(1) Check if there is short circuit in rotor circuit.
(2) Check if there is short circuit in the recitifier.
15. Over voltage protection operation
Conditions:
(1) Non-balanced phase operation brings over voltage protection operation in rotor
circuit.
(2) When field circuit breaker operation and de-excitation.
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(1) Display on the regulation displays “Over voltage protection operation ”.

(2) Output contacts “Over voltage protection operation” will contact on the
(3) Display on the intelligentized board of de-exciter displays “”, or signal light lights.
Regulator will cutoff A phase pulse signal.
(1) When break down field circuit breaker is normal because of some cause.
(2) When generator sets work in non-balanced phase, overvoltage will come out and
is normal.
16. A/B synchronization failure
Conditions:
Generator voltage is higher 40%, A/B synchronization voltage higher 20%, but lower
0.85 times A/B PT voltage.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “setA/B synchronization failure ”.
(2) Output contacts “setA/B synchronization failure” will contact on the
(3) A/B will automatically switch to the standby channel.
(4) If contact JP1 jump on the switch quantity board, protection relay K04 will
operate.
Check A/B if 3-phase synchronization voltage is normal.
17.Underexcitation
Conditions:
When it is working by A/B channel: generator current is higher 10% excitation
current, and lower 20% no-loaded excitation current.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “underexcitation ”.
(2) Output contacts “underexcitation” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(3) If contact JP1 jump on the switch quantity board, protection relay K04 will
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operate.
(4) There is “underexcitation” when it is operating in working channel.
Regulator working channel failure or excitation system failure brings generator loss
excitation current. Hanld: switch to standby channel and check if regulator is normal
working.
18.Excitation transformer CT failure
Conditions:
When it is working by A/B channel: generator voltage is higher 80%, excitation
current lower 10% rated current, and synchronization voltage parameter unequal to 0.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “Excitation transformer CT failure ”.
(2) Output contacts “Excitation transformer CT failure” will contact on the
(1) Check if C channel control signal is normal. When excitation transformer CT
failure, C channel current feedback signal will be small.
(2) Check if excitation transformer CT circuit is normal.
19. Communication failures
Conditions:
Including A Regulator Communication failure, B Regulator Communication failure,
１＃(2#、3#、4#) rectifier Communication failure, de-exciter Communication failure,
Intelligent I/O Panel Communication failure etc.
Display on the regulation displays “Communication failures”.
Output contacts “Communication failures” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O
board.
20.１＃(2#、3#、4#) rectifier cubicle fan power failure
Conditions:
There is R651 command or starting fan command.
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(1) Display on the regulation displays “１＃(2#、3#、4#) rectifier cubicle fan power
failure ”.
(2) Output contacts “１＃(2#、3#、4#) rectifier cubicle fan power failure” will contact
on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(3) Display on the intelligentized board of rectifier displays“１＃(2#、3#、4#) rectifier
cubicle fan power failure” and holds.
(1) Restrore on the screen of rectifier and check if “１＃(2#、3#、4#) rectifier cubicle
fan power failure” signal disappear.
(2) Check if fan power circuit is normal.
(3) Check if fan stop or slow on the rectifier.
21.１＃(2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle fast fuse blow
Conditions:
Any fuse on the intelligentized board of rectifier blow.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “１＃(2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle fast
blow ”.
(2) Output contacts “１＃(2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle fast blow” will
contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(3) Display on the intelligentized board of rectifier displays“１＃(2#, 3#, 4#)
rectifier cubicle fast blow”.
(1) Check if 6-fuse red director is out. If it is out , fuse is fail.
22. 1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle wind overtemperature
Conditions:
Wind temperature exceed prevalue on the rectifier.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle wind
overtemperature”.
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(2) Output contacts “1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle wind overtemperature” will
(3) Display on the intelligentized board of rectifier displays“1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier
cubicle wind overtemperature”.
(1) Measure if circumstance temperature is higher 40ºC.
(2) Check if output current and brige arm current of rectifier is overhigh.
(3) Check if fan stops. If it stops and other rectifier works normally, cutoff the pluse of
the rectifier. Check if fan power disappears or if fan stops.
23.1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier resistence and capacitance failure
Conditions:
Fuse direction contacts in the RC protection circuit of rectifier break.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier resistence and
capacitance failure”.
(2) Output contacts “1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier resistence and capacitance failure” will
Display on the intelligentized board of rectifier displays“1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier
resistence and capacitance failure”.
If generator works normally, cutoff pulse of rectifier and stop working. Best check as
following processes:
(1) Check if commute diode in the RC circuit shortcircuit.
(2) Check if sorb capacitance break in the RC protection circuit.
24.1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle bridge arm current stop
Conditions:
When output current of rectifier is higher 200A and generator voltage higher 40%,
corresponding phase (+A, +B, +C, –A, –B, -C ) crystalloid current is lower preset
value. (generally 5A)
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(1) Display on the regulation displays “1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle bridge arm
current stop”.
(2) Output contacts “1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier cubicle bridge arm current stop ” will
(3) Display on the intelligentized board of rectifier displays“1# (2#, 3#, 4#) rectifier
cubicle bridge arm current stop”.
25.Rectifier is out
Conditions:
Rectifier pluse cutoff switch is “ON”.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “Rectifier is out”.
(2) Output contacts “Rectifier is out ” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(4) Display on the intelligentized board of rectifier displays“Rectifier is out”.
Check if pulse cutoff switch is in the condition of cutoff.
26. Commuter failure (corresponding to conventional rectifier)
Conditions:
When each failure comes out following:
(1) Fuse blow of rectifier.
(2) When startup command holds, fan power disappear of rectifier.
(3) Pulse board check pulse failure.
(1) Display on the regulation displays “Commuter failure”.
(2) Output contacts “Commuter failure ” will contact on the Intelligentized I/O board.
(4) “Fuse blow or fan stop” light will be light on the door of rectifier.
(1) See if “fuse blow”,”fan stop” light is light, lighting means corrrsponding light
failure and check corresponding controlling and detecting circuit.
(2) If light is normal on the door of rectifier, it is maybe pulse failure. we can change
DK201board.
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4.4 Technology consultation and server

If the fault can not be eliminated, call the following telephone for aid.
Technology Dept.: 08620-84197844，84451171-522；
Project Dept.: 020-84451171-268,227, 020-8418947;
Postcode: 510300
E-mail: [email protected]
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Users’ guide＿＿＿＿Communication with the surveillance system
Chapter10 Communication with the

surveillance system
1.Setup of the communication interface ................................. 2

2.Communication agreement................................................... 2
2.1 read the system status............................................................ 2
2.2 Constant reactive power regulation of the preset value......... 3
2.3 Constant reactive power regulation of the current working
status ........................................................................................... 3
2.4 The constant reactive power regulation exits ........................ 4
2.5 The preset value enters the constant power coefficient......... 4
2.6 The current working status enters the constant power
coefficient ................................................................................... 4
2.7 Constant power coefficient exits ........................................... 5
2.8 Set value getting into time calibration................................... 5
2.9 Fixed value getting into time calibration............................... 5
2.10 Time value setting ............................................................... 6
2.11 Modbus communication order............................................. 6
2.12 Given reactive power value................................................. 6
2.13 Given power factor.............................................................. 7
3.Output status definition table for the excitation system..... 7
10-1
The interface connecting EXC9000 system and LCU monitoring system is flexible,
which might be the conventional relay contactor, and can be the communicative mode,
or the net combination through the BUS. What’s more, the above ways can be mixed.
Users can choose what ever they like.
In recent years, as the full development of excitation regulator, the connection with
the monitoring system has adopted the serial wiring way. This system specially
develops an intelligent IO board and the special programmable chip, for the use of
handling the serial communication in the monitoring system. According to the
current demand of power plants and monitoring system we develop the MODBUS
special program matching with the agreement. The hard ware of the interface is the
RS485 interface, advanced and suitable for long distance transportation.
1.Setup of the communication interface

The excitation system and the monitoring system adopt the Modbus communication
agreement. Our company supports the RTU mode. The setup out-of-factory as the
following:
The electric interface standard: RS485
Station No. 1
Communicative mode: RTU
Baud rate: 9600bit/s
Data bit: 8
Stop bit: 1
Check bit: no check
The station No., the baud rate, the stop bit, the check bit can be changed on the spot
2.Communication agreement
The agreements are:
2.1 read the system status

Command:
Station No Function No. Initial point Length CRC check bit
01 03 0000 000A CRC16
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Reaction format
Station No. Function No. Data length Content of Content of CRC check bit
0000 000A
01 03 14 XXXX XXXX CRC16
Register Definition Data Data range Actual Remarks

0000 Excitation voltage 16 0~XXXX 0~XX.XX Actual
0001 Excitation current 16 0~XXXX 0`XX.XX Actual
0002 Rotor temperature 16 0~XXXX 0~XX.XX Actual
0003 R0~R15 16 Switch
0004 R16~R31 16 Switch
0005 R32~R47 16 Switch
0006
007
008
009
The definition of R0~R47 are detailed in this chapter “3.the definition of the output
status”.
2.2 Constant reactive power regulation of the preset value

Write 1 in the 0000register, the excitation system would enter into the constant
reactive power regulation on condition. Conditions: whenever the system enters into
this state, the reactive power value should be reset or the command would be invalid.
Command:
Station No Function No. Initial point Write 1 CRC check
01 05 0000 FF00 8C3A
Reaction format
Station No. Function No. Initial address Write 1 CRC check bit
01 05 0000 FF00 8C3A
2.3 Constant reactive power regulation of the current
working status
Write 1 in the 0001register, the excitation system would enter into the constant
reactive power regulation without conditions. Conditions: whenever the system enters
into this state, the reactive power value set as the current reactive power value.
10-3
Command:
Station No Function No. Initial point Write 1 CRC check bit
01 05 0001 FF00 DDFA
Reaction format
01 05 0001 FF00 DDFA
2.4 The constant reactive power regulation exits
Write 0 to the address 0000, the excitation system exit the reactive power
regulation.
Command:
01 05 0000 0000 CDCA
Reaction format
01 05 0000 0000 CDCA
2.5 The preset value enters the constant power coefficient
Write 1 to address 0002, the excitation system would enter the running mode of
constant power coefficient. Before the operation, the power coefficient should be first
set, or the command would be invalid.
Command:
01 05 0002 FF00 2DFA
Reaction format
01 05 0002 FF00 2DFA
2.6 The current working status enters the constant power
coefficient
Write 1 to the register 0003, the excitation system would enter the state of current
power regulation, the power coefficient being the current one
Command:
01 05 0003 FF00 7C3A
10-4
Reaction format
01 05 0003 FF00 7C3A
2.7 Constant power coefficient exits
Write 0 to the address 0002, the excitation system would exit the state of constant
coefficient regulation.
Command:
01 05 0002 0000 CRC16
Reaction format
01 05 0002 0000 CRC16
2.8 Set value getting into time calibration
Writing 1 into address 0004, excitation system will be able to carry out the time
checking function of set value. Premise: every time gets into the time checking
condition, it must be reset, otherwise the order is ineffective.
Order:
Station Function Original Write 1 16 digit CRC checking
01 05 0004 FF00 CDFB
Response:
01 05 0004 FF00 CDFB
2.9 Fixed value getting into time calibration
Writing 1 into register 0005, excitation system will be able to carry out the time
checking function of fixed value. The fixed time is 08:00:00.
Order:
01 05 0005 FF00 9C3B
Response:
01 05 0005 FF00 9C3B
10-5
2.10 Time value setting

Write the 4digit hexadecimal number into address 0002, it is the set value of power
factor.
Order:
Station Function Original Write 1 Write 16 digit CRC
01 06 0002 XX XX CRC16
Response:
01 06 0002 XX XX CRC16
Number 1 is the “hour” set value; the scope of hexadecimal data is 0 to 17
Number 2 is the “minute” set value; the scope of hexadecimal data is 0 to 3B
The “second” set value is automatically 0 after every time setting.e.g. set time as
23:59, thus 0.
Order:
01 06 0002 17 3B 6629
Response:
01 06 0002 17 3B 6629
2.11 Modbus communication order
Write AA55 into register 0000
Order:
Station number Function Original Write 1 16 digit CRC checking
01 08 0000 AA55 5E94
Response:
Station number Function Original Write 1 16 digit CRC checking
01 08 0000 AA55 5E94
Remarks: this order is not the necessary order of excitation system.
2.12 Given reactive power value

Write the 4 digit hexadecimal number into address 0000, it is the reactive power set
value.
Order:
10-6
Station number Function Original Write 16 digit CRC

01 06 0000 XXXX CRC16
Response:
01 06 0000 XXXX CRC16
The number is from 0 to 10000, the data type is integer, means 0～100.00Sn.
According to Modbus agreement, it is prior to send the high-digits and inferior to send
the low-digits.
2.13 Given power factor

Write the 4 digit hexadecimal number into register 0001, it is the set value of power
factor.
Order:
01 06 0001 XXXX CRC16
Response：
01 06 0001 XXXX CRC16
The number is from 0 to 10000, the data type is integer, means 0～1.0000Sn. It is
prior to send the high-digits and inferior to send the low-digits.
3.Output status definition table for the excitation system

The definitions of R0~R47 provided for the monitoring system should be matched
with the actual position in the IO board rationale diagram. The intelligent IO
definition can be used to modify the definition of R0~R47 on the IIU.
The corresponding relationship of the definition position and the R0~R47
X1terminal Corresponding Corresponding X6terminal
1 R0 R47 20
2 19
3 R1 R46 18
4 17
5 R2 R45 16
6 15
7 R3 R44 14
8 13
10-7
9 R4 R43 12
10 11
11 R5 R42 10
12 9
13 R6 R41 8
14 7
15 R7 R40 6
16 5
Attention: the definitions of R0~R47 provided for the engineers should be matched
with the actual position in the IO board rationale diagram with accuracy. If there’s
modification in any of the R0~R47, the definition in the monitoring system should be
modified accordingly.
10-8
Users’ guide＿＿＿＿Electronic generation function
Chapter11 Electronic braking function
1.Brief introduction ......................................................................... 2
2.Rationale for the electric braking ............................................... 2
3.Circuit for electric braking .......................................................... 3
4.Working procedure of electric braking ...................................... 4
5.The output current control of the excitation system.................. 7
11-1
1.Brief introduction
Our company has a great knowledge and rich experience in the electric braking
device. On the basis of the excitation system, taking the users needs into
consideration, we develop the function of electric braking from the soft ware, named
the soft electric braking.
This function of electric braking can only be applied to the water turbine.
2.Rationale for the electric braking

After the breaking of generator and de-excitation, when the spinning speed of the
machine drops to 50%~60%, operators short circuit3-phase the stator at the terminal
exit. After a serious of logic operation, the power for electric braking is supplied.
The regulator turns to the electric braking mode and adds rotor current to the rotors.
Because the generator is spinning, the stators would create short-circuit current. The
moment direction is due opposite to the rotors inertance, playing the role of electric
braking.
There 2 main distinguished characteristics of electric braking:
(1) The electric braking moment is proportionate to the square current of the stator
short circuit.
(2) The electric braking moment is inverse proportionate to the spinning speed of the
machine unit. In the process of electric braking, the stator short circuit current
remains almost the same, so as the spinning speed drops, the electric braking
moment increases. When the machine units stop spinning, the moment reaches it
maximum value.
According to the above characteristics, in order to get the most moment, we should
make full use of the stator capacity to make the stator short circuit current equal to the
rated stator current. In order to get the rated stator current, the excitation current
should reach the 0-loaded generator excitation current.
The electric braking is generally started at the 60% of the rated spinning speed, the
command sent by the monitoring system. The PLC would finish the concrete steps of
electric braking procedure.
11-2
In the electric braking process, the regulator is in the manual mode. The excitation
system sends out the constant excitation current to the rotors.
The current set value can be set through the commissioning software.
3.Circuit for electric braking

In the process of electric braking, external power is needed, which is closely related
to the structure of the main circuit in the excitation system. Generally there are 2
ways of wiring, see graph 11-1 and graph 11-2.
Graph 11-1 self and parallel wring mode
Graph 11-2 other-excitation wring mode
In the graph 11-1, the excitation equipments are wired in the way of self-parallel. If
there is short circuit, the whole circuit is powered off. The electric braking power
supply comes from a special electric braking voltage transformer; the power is from
the factory. That is to say, in condition of generating and electric braking, the
11-3
rectifier power needs to be switched on and off through the QL1 and QL2.
In the graph 11-2, the wiring way is other-excitation wring. i.e. the voltage
transformer locates outside the circuit breaker in the generator. In conditions of
generating electricity or electric braking, the rectifier power is supplied by the
excitation change. Compare the 2 ways, the way of graph 2 is simpler, which does
away with the voltage transformer and the circuit breaker, and thus with a more
concise logic.
Under the mode of self-parallel excitation of the generator, the excitation change is
generally originated from the generator terminal; in this way the way of graph one is
more popular. In the electric braking process, the excitation current provided to the
rotors from the system would not exceed the 0-loaded rated excitation current. As a
result, the capacity of the electric braking change can be selected at a small amount.
4.Working procedure of electric braking

The working procedure of electric braking is realized through PLC, which plays an
important role in the process of the whole procedure. Take the graph 11-1 as an
example, to show the working procedure of electric braking.
PLC fulfills the following functions:
(1) Check the conditions for the electric braking to start
When it is normally stopped, the generator has some connection with the system,
the monitoring system sends out stop command to the regulator; the regulator would
reverse for de-excitation. Generally speaking, when the following conditions are
met, the monitoring system sends out command of electric braking.
a) The circuit breaker at the generator exit switch off
b) The command of machine unit stop
c) The guide blades all closed
d) The machine units without accidents
e) The spinning speed drops to less than 60% of rated value
(2) When the conditions are met for the input of electric braking, the PLC locks the
relay protection, the switch QL1, and the switch RES, and the switch QL2.
11-4
(3) The excitation regulator transfer to the mode of electric braking so that the
excitation system send current to the rotors, forming a moment to finish the
electric braking process.
(4) In the process, if any step doesn’t meet the requirement, the PLC would send
signals to begin mechanical brake as well as alarm to the monitoring system. The
electric braking function exits, and at the same time enter step 7.
(5) When the spinning speed of the rotors is less than 5%, the electric braking is
finished. The PLC sends de-excitation signals to the regulator, after the success of
de-excitation, enter step 7.
(6) Reversion failure, the PLC switch off the de-excitater, then enters the step 7.
(7) When steps3~steps 6 are finished, PLC sends signals to switches QL2, RES, and
QL1, the relay protector is released, the excitation system remains at the state
before it is normally turned on.
In the electric braking process, PLC has continuously monitored the normality of
this process. When met with the following problems, the PLC would send alarm
signal to the monitoring system, and exit the process. At this moment, the monitoring
system is input to finish the electric braking in the machine units.
a) QL1 could not be switched off, or RES, QL2 could not be switched on
b) The long period of electric braking.
11-5
11-6
5.The output current control of the excitation system

Considering the different running conditions of different power plants, in the
process of electric braking, the excitation current is not all the same. For the
convenience of regulating the current output, the parameter in the commissioning
software ID [91] can be modified, which is good for the regulation of on site current
needed for the circuit.
Channel C hasn’t got the function of electric braking. If channel C is at work, the
electric braking command is started, the command of failure of electric braking would
be sent out.
11-7
Users’ guide＿＿Digital model and logic control
Chpter12 Digital model and logic control
1.Digital Model of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) .............. 2
1.1 Block Diagram of Delivery Function.................................... 2
1.2 Brief Introduction.................................................................. 2
2.Digital Model of Power System Stability (PSS).......................... 3
2.1 Block Diagram of Delivery Function of PSS2A ................... 3
2.2 Brief Introduction of PSS2A................................................. 3
3.Controlling Logic of Automatic Voltage Regulate ..................... 5
4.Controlling Logic of Constant Excitation Current Regulate.... 6
5.Controlling Logic of Forced & Overexcitation Limit................ 7
6.Controlling Logic of Deviation Regulation & Underexcitation
Limit ................................................................................................. 7
7.Controlling Logic of V/Hz............................................................ 8
8.Controlling Logic of Signals’ Comprehensive Output............... 8
9.Controlling Logic of Power System Stability ............................. 9
10.Controlling Logic of Testing Simulation................................. 10
11.PT fault & synchronous Fault Test.......................................... 11
12.PPS Controlling Logic of Non-linear Robust ......................... 12
12-1
1.Digital Model of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

1.1 Block Diagram of Delivery Function
1.2 Brief Introduction

All testing results are calculated by DSP samples, as time constants are equal,
expressed by TR.
Reactive compensation is regulated by KIR, active compensation is regulated by
KIA.
The main control has a link of two-stage outstrip and one delay, TA1, TA3 each is
outstrip time constant, TA2 and TA4 each is delay time constant. Stable increase is
regulated by KR While TA1=TA2=0, this link will out of use.
The phase-shifting scope of convert bridge is 10°to 150°,and the limit value of
excitation voltage can be calculated by rated positive voltage.
Parameter Setting
definition Brief introduction Unit Scope Typical
TR Testing time constant second 0.020 0.010
12-2
Ts Convert bridge time second 0.004 0.004

KIR Reactive compensation 标么 -0.15…+0.15 +0.06
KIA Active compensation 标么 -0.15…+0.15 0.00
KR Stable increase 标么 10…1000 200
TA2 First stage delay time second 0<TA2≦TA1 0
TA4 Second stage delay time secon TA4≧TA2 4.0
constant
TA1 First outstrip time second 0…2 0
TA3 Second outstrip time second 0.01…10 1.0
Ufmax Maximum excitation 标么 fixed …
Ufmin Minimum excitation 标么 fixed -0.9* Ufmax
2.Digital Model of Power System Stability (PSS)
2.1 Block Diagram of Delivery Function of PSS2A
2.2 Brief Introduction of PSS2A

While taking the model test, signals of PSS_0、PSS_1、PSS_2、PSS_3、PSS_4、
PSS_5、PSS_UK can be output by D/A.
Parameters with switch characteristic:
·when TW2=0, this stopping direct current link will not be used.
12-3
·when TW4=0, this stopping direct current link will not be used.
·when TW1＝TW2=0, the total output of two polarized stopping direct
current link will always be 0.
·when TW3＝TW4=0, the total output of two polarized stopping direct
current link will always be 0.
·when T7=0, this stopping direct current link will not be used.
·when T9=0, this stopping direct current link will not be used.
PSS2A parameter setting.
Definition Brief introduction Unit Scope Typical value
TW1,TW2 Stopping direct current time Second 0.1…30 TW1=2
constant TW2=2
TW3,TW4 Gate control unit and Second 0.1…30 TW3=2
Ks1 PSS increase 0.1…50 …

Ks2 Compensation factor of 0.01…5 …
electronic power integral
Ks3 Signal match factor 0.01…5 1
T1,T3 outstrip time constant Second 0.00…2.50 T1=…
T2,T4 Delay time constant Second 0.00…2.50 T2=…
T7 Electronic power integral Second 3…30 …
i
T8 Wave trap time constant Second 0.00…2.50 0.00
T9 Wave trap time constant Second 0.00…2.50 0.10
M Wave trap order - 2…5 …
N Wave trap order - 1…2 1
USTmax Positive limit 0.01…0.2 0.1
USTmin Negative limit 0.01…0.2 - USTmax
P1 PSS input power 0.1…0.9 0.4
P2 PSS quit power 0.1…0.9 0.35
12-4
3.Controlling Logic of Automatic Voltage Regulate
12-5
4.Controlling Logic of Constant Excitation Current Regulate
12-6
5.Controlling Logic of Forced & Overexcitation Limit
6.Controlling Logic of Deviation Regulation &

Underexcitation Limit
12-7
7.Controlling Logic of V/Hz
8.Controlling Logic of Signals’ Comprehensive Output
12-8
9.Controlling Logic of Power System Stability
12-9
10.Controlling Logic of Testing Simulation
12-10
11.PT fault & synchronous Fault Test
12-11
12.PPS Controlling Logic of Non-linear Robust
12-12

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Users’ Guide＿＿＿＿Maintenance and fault handing

operation and installation of the equipment with capability to complete

2.4 Urgency handling

3. Maintenance of excitation equipments

Vibration may loosen connecting places of terminals or other screws.

3.2 Working conditions of maintenance

3.3 Maintenance schedule

3.4 Maintenance once every 3 months

3.5 Maintenance once every year

4.2 Fault handling

4.3Information table for excitation system fault and

(1) “Initiation failure” shown on the screen

(2) C has synchronization failure.

(2) Check if 220V DC at voltage external wiring terminals of fuse or breaker in DC

(1) Display on the regulation displays “Over voltage protection operation ”.

4.4 Technology consultation and server

Chapter10 Communication with the

1.Setup of the communication interface ................................. 2

2.2 Constant reactive power regulation of the preset value......... 3

2.3 Constant reactive power regulation of the current working

2.4 The constant reactive power regulation exits ........................ 4

2.5 The preset value enters the constant power coefficient......... 4

2.6 The current working status enters the constant power

2.7 Constant power coefficient exits ........................................... 5

2.8 Set value getting into time calibration................................... 5

2.9 Fixed value getting into time calibration............................... 5

2.10 Time value setting ............................................................... 6

2.11 Modbus communication order............................................. 6

2.12 Given reactive power value................................................. 6

2.13 Given power factor.............................................................. 7

3.Output status definition table for the excitation system..... 7

1.Setup of the communication interface

2.1 read the system status

01 03 14 XXXX XXXX CRC16

Register Definition Data Data range Actual Remarks

2.2 Constant reactive power regulation of the preset value

2.10 Time value setting

2.12 Given reactive power value

Station number Function Original Write 16 digit CRC

2.13 Given power factor

3.Output status definition table for the excitation system

Chapter11 Electronic braking function

1.Brief introduction ......................................................................... 2

2.Rationale for the electric braking ............................................... 2

3.Circuit for electric braking .......................................................... 3

4.Working procedure of electric braking ...................................... 4

5.The output current control of the excitation system.................. 7

2.Rationale for the electric braking

3.Circuit for electric braking

Graph 11-1 self and parallel wring mode

Graph 11-2 other-excitation wring mode

4.Working procedure of electric braking

5.The output current control of the excitation system

Chpter12 Digital model and logic control

1.Digital Model of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) .............. 2

1.1 Block Diagram of Delivery Function.................................... 2

1.2 Brief Introduction.................................................................. 2

2.Digital Model of Power System Stability (PSS).......................... 3

2.1 Block Diagram of Delivery Function of PSS2A ................... 3