Phonetics 101

Phonetics
- 101 -
Introductory Course to Phonetics
Ref; English Pronunciation in Use (Elementary) by Jonathan Marks
Conducted by
Thein Naing
B.A.(Hons;), M.A.(English)
Genius English World English Learning Center
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Phonetics
/fə’netɪks/
What is Phonetics ?
“Phonetics is the study of speech sounds

and how they are produced.”
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

Why Phonetics?
Some words that we mispronounce…
develop
purpose
police
palace
Speech Organs and Articulation
nose upper teeth soft palate (velum)

!ှ#ေခါင်း အေပ,သွား hard
အာေခါင်ေပ8့
alveolar ridge palate
သွားရင်း အာေခါင်မာ
အေပ,12တ်ခမ်း
upper lip
uvula
tongue
lower lip လ6ာ
လ6ာခင်
ေအာက်1တ
2 ်ခမ်း
pharynx
လည်ေခ8င်းဝ
lower teeth
ေအာက်သွား
လည်မ< ေလ=ပန်ဝ
larynx glottis
There are seven main articulatorsː
1.The pharynx is a tube which begins just above the larynx.
2.The soft palate (velum) is in a position that allows air to pass through the
nose and through the mouth.
3.The hard palate is often called the roof of the mouth.
4.The alveolar ridge is between the top front teeth and the hard palate.
5.The tongue is a very important articulator and it can be moved into many
different places and different shapes.
6.The teeth are at the front of the mouth, immediately behind the lips.
7.The lips are important in speech. They can be pressed together, brought
into contact with the teeth or rounded.

CHECK YOURSELF!
1. Which articulators are responsible for
the first sound in the word minor?
•Lips.
•Lips and teeth.
•Tongue and teeth.
•Tongue and alveolar ridge.
•Tongue and palate.
•Tongue and velum.
2. Which articulators are responsible
for the final sound in the word wit?
•Lips.
•Lips and teeth.
3. Which articulators are responsible
for the first sound in the word
photography?
•Lips.
•Lips and teeth.
*
* * * *
* * * *
* * * * * * *
Areas to be covered…
Part I Vowels (Monophthongs)

Part II Vowels (Diphthongs)
Part III Consonants
Part IV Practice
Part I
Vowels
(Monophthongs)
Vowels
Vowels are sounds in which there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it passes
from the larynx to the lips.
Monothongs
1 iː see /siː/ agree /ə’griː/

2 ɪ sit /sɪt/ slip /slɪp/
3 * i he /hi/ happy /’hæpi/
4 e ten /ten/ length /leŋθ/
5 æ cat /kæt/ black /blæk/
6 ɑː car /kɑː/ father /’fɑːðə[r]/
7 ɒ got /gɒt/ shot /ʃɒt/
8 ɔː saw /sɔː/ fought /fɔːt/
9 ʊ put /pʊt/ book /bʊk/
10 * u you /ju/ actual /’ækʧuəl/
11 uː too /tuː/ fool /fuːl/
12 ʌ cup /kʌp/ shut /ʃʌt/
13 ɜː fur /fɜː[r]/ heard /hɜːd/
14 ə about /ə’baʊt/ safari /sə’fɑːri/
iː
(Long Vowel)
iː
(Long Vowel)
ɪ
(Short Vowel)
ɪ
(Short Vowel)
e
(Short Vowel)
e
(Short Vowel)
æ
(Short Vowel)
æ
(Short Vowel)
æ
(Short Vowel)
ɑː
(Long Vowel)
ɑː
(Long Vowel)
ɒ
(Short Vowel)
ɒ
(Short Vowel)
ɔː
(Long Vowel)
ɔː
(Long Vowel)
ʊ
(Short Vowel)
ʊ
(Short Vowel)
uː
(Long Vowel)
uː
(Long Vowel)
ʌ
(Short Vowel)
ʌ
(Long Vowel)
ɜː
(Short Vowel)
ɜː
(Short Vowel)
ə
(Short Vowel)
ə
(Schwa)
Vowel Word 1 Word 2 Word 3
A Pleasant Again Balloon
E Problem Celebrate Enemy
I Duplicate President Family
O Parrot Bottom Freedom
U Support ‘Circumstance Album
s
Y Pyjamas Analysis Pennsylvania
Part II
Vowels
(Diphthongs)
Diphthongs
Diphthong is a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single

syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in
coin, loud, and side).
1 eɪ say /seɪ/ make /meɪk/

2 ɪə ear /ɪə(r)/ we’re /wɪə(r)/
3 eə hair /heə(r)/ share /ʃeə(r)/
4 ʊə pure /pjʊə(r)/ you’re /jʊə(r)/
5 aɪ buy /baɪ/ height /haɪt/
6 aʊ how /haʊ/ around /ə ‘raʊnd/
7 əʊ go /gəʊ/ boast /bəʊst/
8 ɔɪ oil /ɔɪl/ employ /ɪm ‘plɔɪ/
eɪ
eɪ
ɪə
ɪə
eə
eə
ʊə
ʊə
ʊə
Pure
Ensure
Mature
Jury
Furious
Usual
aɪ
aɪ
aɪ
aʊ
aʊ
aʊ
əʊ
əʊ
əʊ
ɔɪ
ɔɪ
ɔɪ
Part III
Consonants
*
* * * *
* * * *
* * * * * * *
Nasal sounds
Part IV
Practice
iː
sheep /ʃiːp/
sea /siː/
street /striːt/
teacher /’tiː ʧə/
speaking /’spiː kɪŋ/
ceiling /’siː lɪŋ/
iː
indeed /in ‘diːd/

complete /kəm ‘pliːt/
concrete /’kɒŋ kriːt/
extreme /ɪk ‘striːm/
museum /mjuː ‘ziː əm/
automobile /’ɔː tə mə biːl/
ɪ
ship /ʃɪp/
into /’ɪn tə/
interest /’ɪn trəst/
example /ɪg ‘zɑːm pl/
effect /ɪ ‘fekt/
important /ɪm ‘pɔː tnt/
ɪ
imagine/ɪ ‘mæ ʤɪn/

encourage /ɪn ‘kʌ rɪʤ/
determine /dɪ ‘tɜː mɪn/
examine /ɪg ‘zæ mɪn/
indication /ɪn dɪ ‘keɪ ʃn/
enthusiastic /ɪn θjuː zi ‘æs tɪk/
i
diary /’daɪə ri/

hobby /‘hɒ bi/
company /’kʌm pə ni/
journey /’ʤɜː ni/
philosophy /fə ’lɒ sə fi/
anything /’e ni θɪŋ/
e
yes /jes/
nest /nest/
debt /det/
celery /’se lə ri/
digest /daɪ ‘ʤest/
elephant /’e lɪ fənt/
e
general /’ʤen rəl/

stepson /‘step sʌn/
semester /sɪ ‘mes tə(r)/
expensive /ɪk ‘spen sɪv/
documentary/dɒ kju ‘men tri/
æ
act /ækt/
animal /’ænɪ ml/
atmosphere /’æt məs fɪə(r)/
black /blæk/
track /træk/
capital /’kæ pɪ tl/
æ
handsome /’hæn səm/
cracker /’kræ kə(r)/
apparent /ə ‘pæ rənt/
extraction /ɪk ‘stræk ʃn/
ambassador/æm ‘bæ sə də(r)/
abnormality/æb nɔː ‘mæ lə ti/
ɑː
arm /ɑːm/
calm /kɑːm/
start /stɑːt/
bypass /’baɪ pɑːs/
grandma /’græn mɑː/
glassware /’glɑːs weə(r)/
ɑː
bazaar /bə ‘zɑː(r)/

pajamas /pə ‘ʤɑː məz/
regarding /rɪ ‘gɑː dɪŋ/
flashcard /’flæʃ kɑːd/
karate /kə ‘rɑː ti/
department/dɪ ‘pɑːt mənt/
ɒ
pot /pɒt/
what /wɒt/
hotshot /’hɒt ʃɒt/
long /lɒŋ/
sorry /’sɒri/
florist /’flɒ rɪst/
ɒ
consonant /’kɒn sə nənt/
problem /’prɒ bləm/
forgot /fə ‘gɒt/
tablecloth /’teɪ bl klɒθ/
geography /ʤi ‘ɒ grə fi/
ɔː
ball /bɔːl/
shore /ʃɔː(r)/
forward /’fɔː wəd/
stormy /’stɔː mi/
glory /’glɔː ri/
portico /’pɔː tɪk kəʊ/
ɔː
therefore /’ðeə fɔː/
waterfall /’wɔː tə fɔːl/
withdraw /wɪð ‘drɔː/
reinforce /riː ɪn ‘fɔːs/
bookstore /bʊk ‘stɔː(r)/
Singapore /sɪŋə ‘pɔː(r)/
ʊ
put /pʊt/
full /fʊl/
foot /fʊt/
would /wʊd/
brook /brʊk/
woman /’wʊ mən/
ʊ
bullet /’bʊ lɪt/

pudding /’pʊ dɪŋ/
cusion /’kʊ ʃn/
overlook /əʊ və ‘lʊk/
understood /ʌn də ‘stʊd/
neighbourhood /’neɪ bə hʊd/
u & uː
you /ju/
July /ʤu ‘laɪ/
dudicial/ʤu ‘dɪ ʃl/
actual /’æk tʃu əl/
mutual /’mjuː tʃu əl/
too /tuː/
u & uː
blue /bluː/
group /gruːp/
spoon /spuːn/
cruelty /’kruː əl ti/
euphemism /’juː fə mɪ zəm/
community /kəm ’mjuː nə ti/
ʌ
bus /bʌs/
come /kʌm/
lucky /’lʌ ki/
colour /’kʌ lə(r)/
mother /’mʌ ðə(r)/
ʌ
worried /’wʌ rid/

company /’kʌm pə ni/
abruptly /ə ‘brʌpt li/
unbuckle /ʌn ‘bʌ kl/
corruption /kə ‘rʌp ʃn/
coconut /’kəʊ kə nʌt/
ɜː
bird /bɜːd/
first /fɜːst/
world /wɜːld/
service /’sɜː vɪs/
thrity /’θɜː ti/
personal /’pɜː sə nl/
ɜː
research /rɪ ‘sɜːtʃ/
conversion /kən ‘vɜː ʃn/
disturbance /dɪ ‘stɜː bəns/
university /juː nɪ ‘vɜː sə ti/
homework /’həʊm wɜːk/
introvert /’ɪn trə vɜːt/
ə
about /ə ‘baʊt/
again /ə ‘gen/
upon /ə ’pɒn/
opinion /ə ’pɪ njən/
police /pə ’liːs/
towards /tə ‘wɔːdz/
ə
moment /’məʊ mənt/
government /’gʌ vən mənt/
available /ə ’veɪ lə bl/
common /’kɒ mən/
particular /pə ’tɪ kjə lə(r)/
however /haʊ ‘e və(r)/
eɪ
way /weɪ/
payday /’peɪ deɪ/
take /teɪk/
raise /reɪz/
blame /bleɪm/
rainy /’reɪ ni/
eɪ
nature /’neɪ tʃə(r)/

campaign /kæm ’peɪn/
exchange /ɪks ‘tʃeɪnʤ/
holiday /’hɒ lə deɪ/
information /ɪn fə ’meɪ ʃn/
organization/ɔː gə naɪ ’zeɪ ʃn/
ɪə
dear /dɪə(r)/
clear /klɪə(r)/
steer /stɪə(r)/
beard /bɪəd/
weird /wɪəd/
series /’sɪə riːz/
ɪə
appear /ə ’pɪə(r)/
severe /sɪ ’vɪə(r)/
cafeteria /kæ fə ‘tɪə riə/
superior /suː ‘pɪə riə(r)/
atmosphere /’æt məs fɪə(r)/
engineering /en ʤɪ ‘nɪə rɪŋ/
eə
air /eə(r)/
hair /heə(r)/
where /weə(r)/
spare /speə(r)/
staircase /’steə keɪs/
scarecrow /’skeə krəʊ/
eə
wheelchair /’wiːl tʃeə(r)/
nightmare /’naɪ meə(r)/
declare /dɪ ‘kleə(r)/
prepare /prɪ ‘peə(r)/
barbarian /bɑː ‘beə riən/
aquarium/ə ‘kweə riəm/
aɪ
hi /haɪ/
why /waɪ/
life /laɪf/
night /naɪt/
quite /kwaɪt/
idea /aɪ ‘dɪə/
aɪ
likely /’laɪk li/

behind /bɪ ‘haɪnd/
sometimes /’sʌm taɪmz/
financial /faɪ ’næn ʃl/
environment/ɪn ‘vaɪ rən mənt/
organization/ɔː gə naɪ ’zeɪ ʃn/
aʊ
cow /kaʊ/
bow /baʊ/
meow /mi ‘aʊ/
plough /plaʊ/
crown /kraʊn/
meow /mi ‘aʊ/
aʊ
amount /ə ‘maʊnt/
accountable /ə ‘kaʊn tə bl /
compound /’kɒm paʊnd/
download /daʊn ‘ləʊd/
greenhouse /’griːn haʊs/
playground /’pleɪ graʊnd/
əʊ
know /nəʊ/
show /ʃəʊ/
most /məʊst/
social /’səʊ ʃl/
global /’gləʊ bl/
program /’prəʊ græm/
əʊ
shoulder /’ʃəʊl də(r)/

yellow /’je ləʊ/
wardrobe/’wɔːd rəʊb/
potato /pə ‘teɪ təʊ/
flamingo /flə ’mɪŋ gəʊ/
telephone /’te lɪ fəʊn/
ɔɪ
boy /bɔɪ/
oil /ɔɪl/
noise /nɔɪz/
join /ʤɔɪn/
poison /‘pɔɪ zn/
avoid /ə ‘vɔɪd/
ɔɪ
destory /dɪ ‘strɔɪ/

enjoy /ɪn ‘ʤɔɪ/
employee /ɪm ‘plɔɪ iː/
viewpoint /’vjuː pɔɪnt/
turquoise/’tɜː kwɔɪz/
exploitation /ek splɔɪ ‘teɪ ʃn/
Thank you!

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Phonetics

Courses that we offer

English for Young Learners

“Phonetics is the study of speech sounds

(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

nose upper teeth soft palate (velum)

1.The pharynx is a tube which begins just above the larynx.

nose and through the mouth.

3.The hard palate is often called the roof of the mouth.

different places and different shapes.

into contact with the teeth or rounded.

Part I Vowels (Monophthongs)

1 iː see /siː/ agree /ə’griː/

Diphthong is a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single

1 eɪ say /seɪ/ make /meɪk/

indeed /in ‘diːd/

imagine/ɪ ‘mæ ʤɪn/

diary /’daɪə ri/

general /’ʤen rəl/

bazaar /bə ‘zɑː(r)/

bullet /’bʊ lɪt/

worried /’wʌ rid/

nature /’neɪ tʃə(r)/

likely /’laɪk li/

shoulder /’ʃəʊl də(r)/

destory /dɪ ‘strɔɪ/

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