Docker

What is Docker?
 I got it, it is like VirtualBox…. Hem, not really!

VM 1 VM 2 VM 3

Container1 Container2 Container3

• Docker is similar (in spirit) to Virtual Environments but at a File System level

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Why Docker?
 Common scenario

• You just started a new research project


1. Freshly install Ubuntu for a clean environment
 # ubuntu:18.04

2. Configure your environment
 > NAME=Andrea

3. Install all the libraries you need
 > apt install python-numpy

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 Common scenario (with Docker)

• You just started a new research project
 Docker2ile

1. Freshly install Ubuntu for a clean environment
 FROM ubuntu:18.04

2. Configure your environment
 ENV NAME=Andrea

3. Install all the libraries you need
 RUN apt install python-numpy

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 Docker = A lot of new confusing terms…

For example:

• Docker Layer

• Docker Image

• Docker Container

• Docker Volume

• Docker Registry

• Docker Compose

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 Docker
Layer/Image/File
 Docker Layer

• It is a collection of files

• e.g.,
/my_file.dat (user file)
/etc/hosts (system file)

• It is uniquely identified by an hash

sha256:94c5c6f50a7204b49c5cdfd662aa203f3af0b2e2eb6b449634738edfae77fbe3

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 Docker Image

• It is the combination of a sequence of Docker Layers

• It is uniquely identified by an hash

sha256:3448a24e6db0125ebbafefee0a355232fc533bd3a68c89dab3d450a8fa15d8ed

• It is also (non-uniquely) identified by a name

library/ubuntu:18.04
afdaniele/compose:0.9

format:
[owner] / [image] : [tag]

library / [image] : latest (default)

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 Docker Image VS Docker Layers

• You CANNOT create single layers

• You CAN create new images

• Layers are read-only

• The simplest (most beautiful) way to create an image is a Dockerfile

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 Dockerfile (an example)

FROM python:3.6

MAINTAINER Andrea F. Daniele <[email protected]>

RUN pip3 install tensorflow

VOLUME /tflog

EXPOSE 6006/tcp

CMD ["python3", "-m", “tensorflow.tensorboard", "--logdir=/tflog"]

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 Dockerfile - Instructions
FROM Define the base image
ARG Define build-only arguments (non-persistent)
ENV Define environment variables (persistent)
MAINTAINER Set maintainer info
WORKDIR Set working directory
USER Set user ID
RUN Run a command inside a container
ADD Copy files and directories from the build context
COPY Copy files and directories from the build context
VOLUME Define a new volume
EXPOSE Declare ports used by the image
CMD Define default command
ENTRYPOINT Define entrypoint executable

Useful documentation: docs.docker.com/reference

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 Docker Image
afdaniele / tensor2low
intermediate layers
python : 3.6

Docker'ile

FROM python:3.6

MAINTAINER Andrea F. Daniele <[email protected]>

RUN pip3 install tensorflow

VOLUME /tflog

...

EXPOSE 6006/tcp

CMD ["python3", "-m", “tensorflow.tensorboard", "--logdir=/tflog"]

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Building an Image
 Build Context
• A directory from which Docker is allowed to copy files to a layer

Directory

Docker'ile
FROM python:3.6

...

COPY my_image.jpg /data/my_image.jpg

...

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 Building a Docker Image (using Dockerfile)

Docker'il
e

Docker Engine Docker Image

Build context

• Build an image from a Dockerfile and a Build Context

> docker build -t my_image [-f Dockerfile] ./

Image name Docker2ile path Build context

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Docker Container
 Docker Container

• An instance of a Docker image

• It is uniquely identified by an alphanumeric string. e.g.,

94c5c6f50a7204b49c5cdfd662aa203f3af0b2e2eb6b449634738edfae77fbe3

• It is also assigned a (possibly custom) name. e.g.,

admiring_einstein
my_website

• Run a container from an image

> docker run [options] my_image

Image name

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 Docker Container

volatile (writeable) layer

afdaniele / tensor2low
python : 3.6

• Contains everything you do in a running container

• Is lost when the container is deleted

• Run a container from an image

> docker run [options] my_image

Image name

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 Combining layers - AUFS FileSystem
• Originally meaning,
Another Unification File System

• Later revised to,

Advanced multi-layered Unification File System

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Data Persistency
 Data persistency - Mounting directories

• You can share local directories with one or more containers using

> docker run -v [local_dir]:[container_dir] my_image

where,

local_dir path to a directory in the host file system

container_dir destination path to the directory in the container file system

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 Data persistency - Docker Volumes

• Create a Docker volume

> docker volume create [volume_name]

• You can attach a volume to a container using

> docker run -v [volume_name]:[container_dir] my_image

where,

volume_name name of the volume

container_dir destination path in the container file system

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 Docker Container (an interesting one)

• Running the Dashboard on a Duckiebot

> docker volume create compose-data

> docker run \
-it \
-p 8080:80/tcp \
-v compose-data:/var/www/html \
-v /data:/data \
--hostname $(hostname) \
--name dashboard \
duckietown/dt-duckiebot-dashboard:daffy

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 Dockerfile, Docker Image and Docker Container

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Docker Registry
 Docker Registry

• A storage and distribution system for Docker images

• Two fundamental operations: push and pull

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Docker Compose
 Docker Compose
• An application can be split across multiple Docker images
• The application runs when all the corresponding containers run
docker-compose.yaml
version: '2'
services:
mysql-db:

web-server mysql-db image: mysql:latest

volumes:
backups - db-storage:/var/lib/mysql
- backups:/backups

web-server:
80 / tcp
image: apache:latest
db-storage
ports:
- "80:80"
links:
- mysql-db:mysql.db
environment:
- DBHost=mysql.db
- DBUser=my_user
- DBPassword=my_password

volumes:
db-storage:
backups:

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Docker in Duckietown
 The Docker images family tree

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 Duckiebot Pipeline

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 Duckiebot Pipeline

dt-duckiebot-interface

• left/right wheel speed

• raw camera image
• leds color and pattern

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 Duckiebot Pipeline

dt-duckiebot-interface

• left/right wheel speed

• raw camera image
• led color and pattern

dt-car-interface

• linear/angular velocity

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 Duckiebot Pipeline

dt-duckiebot-interface

• left/right wheel speed

• raw camera image
• led color and pattern

dt-car-interface

• linear/angular velocity

dt-core

• lane following
• coordination
• …
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 What’s nice about Docker

• Dockerfiles serve as (required) documentation

• Full control over execution environment

• Know exactly what the dependencies are (e.g., dependencies-apt.txt)

• Know exactly what files your application needs (build context, docker diff)

• Full support of cross-application interaction

• e.g., ROS, LCM

• No conflict between libraries

• Full control over networks and ports

• Open only the ports and for the protocols you need

• Full control over resources (X-Server, CPU, GPU, RAM)

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