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    2 TU-2 - 2-Phase Intro (2) - 5-6

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    2 TU-2 - 2-Phase Intro (2) - 5-6

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    Manish
    25 views2 pages
    intro 3

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    2 TU-2 - 2-phase Intro(2)-5-6

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    intro 3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views2 pages

    2 TU-2 - 2-Phase Intro (2) - 5-6

    Uploaded by

    Manish
    intro 3

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    Liquid Volume Fraction & Liquid Hold-up Hold-up - Summary

     Liquid Volume Fraction: λ  Liquid flows mainly as a result of gas/liquid interface forces
    A
     Thermodynamic quantity, only function of p and T L =α  Fractional Hold-up varies along the pipeline
    L
     Determines the thermodynamic phase split AL A
     Thermodynamic effects (P&T) & Fluid Dynamics
     Liquid hold-up: α  Forces to move liquid – Interfacial forces & gravity in down hill sections
     Hydraulic quantity, also function of hydraulic variables like inclination, flow rate
     Forces to slowdown liquid – Friction with pipewall & gravity for uphill sections

     Example:
     24 fluid parcels flowing, split 50-50 in gas and liquid phase (p, T split) Lower liquid velocity => increased liquid hold-up in the pipeline
     Liquid Volume Fraction - λ = 0.5 Liquid Volume fraction – λ = 0.5
     Liquid Hold-up - α = 0.5 (vG = vL ) Liquid Hold-up - α = 0.667 (vG = 2 x vL)  Thus:
    Gas
    Gas  Lower gas velocities – > higher liquid hold-up

    Liquid
    Liquid
     Uphill sections – > higher liquid hold-up
    Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 17 Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 18

    Two-phase Flow Regimes & Two-phase Flow Pipeline


    Flow pattern map - Inlet Pressure - Outlet Pressure fixed at 65 bar
    Vertical
    flow 140
    36 inch
    / Mist 38 inch
    120 40 inch

    Pressure (bar)
    100

    Liquid head
    dominates dP
    80

    Stability point, i.e. Minimum Flowrate


    60
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60
    Horizontal flow
    Flowrate (mmsm3/d)
    Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 19 Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 20
    Two-phase Flow Pipeline Pressure Drop & Hold-up as function of Flow rate
    - Liquid Volume in Pipeline - Steady Operation

    14,000
    36 inch
    38 inch
    At low flow
    Hold-up (m3)

    12,000 40 inch
    more liquid to
    manage
    Liquid Hold

    10,000

    8,000
    Pressure drop
    Minimum

    6,000
    0 10 20 30 40 50 60
    Flowrate (mmsm3/d)
    Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 21 Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 22

    Bacton (UK) - Multi-Phase Testloop Bacton (UK) - Multi-Phase Testloop

     Dimensions:
     8 inch, 150 m
     0, 1, 3 & 5° inclination

     Fluids
     Gas & condensate
     Flowrates:
     Gas 0 - 10 m/s
     Liquid 0 - 2 m/s

     Pressure - 70 bar
     Liquid fraction 0 - 1

    Model verification
    at
    field conditions
    2-phase Flow - Introduction 23 Copyright of Projects & Technology 2-phase Flow - Introduction 24

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