SCHEME OF WORK

District: RUTSIRO Academic year: 2022-2023

Term: I

Subject: HISTORY AND CITIZENSHIP Class: S2

Week/ Unit title lesson title and Learning objective and Teaching method, Reference Obser
Date evaluation key unit competence techniques and
evaluation

Week 1: Unit 1: LESSON: Knowledge and Group discussion, History and

26- Collecting and 1.Complementarities understanding: - Review debate and citizenship
30/09/20 analyzing of historical the representation Student book
22 historical sources. advantages and about the topic -Internet
sources disadvantages of -Textbooks of
2.Challenges faced different historical Rwandan
when using, sources. History
material, -Describe the specific use
 immaterial and of material, immaterial
electronic and electronic sources.
sources. Skills: Examine the
complementarities of
3 Usefulness of different sources of history
Week 2: different sources in order to test the validity
03- of history. of each source.
07/10/20
22 Attitudes and values:
Appreciate the
complementarities of
different sources of
history.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit Competence: To

Evaluation
EVALUATION be able to examine the
procedures:
complementarities of
Written test
material, immaterial and
electronic sources of
 history.
Week 3: Unit 2: German Lesson:1. Causes of Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
10- and Belgian German and understanding: -Explain debate and citizenship
14/10/20 colonization Belgian the causes of German and representation Student book
22 Colonization Belgian colonisations. about the topic -Internet
-Identify the effects of
Week 4: 2.Impact of German colonization.
17- German Skills: -Examine the
21/10/20 colonisation. impact of
22 German colonisation on
political, economic and
Week 5: 3. Reforms social Group discussion, History and
24- introduced domains. debate and citizenship
28/10/20 by Belgians. - Analyse the causes of representation Student book
22 German and Belgian about the topic -Internet
colonization and the -Textbooks of
4.Effects of lessons that can be learnt Rwandan
Belgian from them. History
Colonization Attitudes and values: -
appreciate the causes of
 German and Belgian
coloniasation.

- Acknowledge the impact

of German colonisation on
Rwandan society.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit Competence: To

Evaluation
EVALUATION be able to explain the
procedures:
causes and impact of
Written test
German and Belgian
colonisation.

Week 6: Unit 3: Causes LESSON:1. Causes of Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
31/10- and course of genocide against understanding: - Explain debate and citizenship
04/11/20 the 1994 the Tutsi. the representation Student book
22 genocide causes of genocide against about the topic
against the theTutsi. -Internet
Tutsi. - Describe how genocide
was planned, executed and
 stopped. -Textbooks of
Skills: - Analyse the Rwandan
causes of the genocide History
against the Tutsi.
Attitudes and values:
- Appreciate the role
played by RPF/RPA to stop
genocide against the Tutsi.

Week 7: 2. Planning and Group discussion,

07- execution of debate and
11/11/20 genocide against representation
22 the Tutsi. about the topic
3.Role played by
RPF/RPA to stop
genocide against
the Tutsi
SUMMATIVE Key Unit Competence: To
Evaluation
EVALUATION be able to describe the
procedures:
causes and the course of
Written test
genocide against the Tutsi
(Planning, execution and
how genocide was stopped)
Week 8: Unit 4: LESSON :1. Factors Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
14- Kingdoms of for the understanding: - Explain debate and citizenship
18/11/20 East and rise of Buganda and the factors behind the rise representation Student book
22 Central Africa. Kongo of the Buganda and Kongo about the topic -Internet
kingdom kingdoms. -Textbooks of
-Identify the causes for the Rwandan
decline of Buganda and History
Kongo kingdoms.
Week 9: Skills: - Analyse the
21- LESSON :1. Factors factors causing the
25/11/20 for the downfall of Buganda and
22 rise of Buganda and Kongo kingdoms.
Kongo Attitudes and values: -
kingdom understand the factors for
the rise of Buganda and
Kongo kingdoms.
 SUMMATIVE
Evaluation
EVALUATION Key Unit Competence: To
procedures:
be able to describe the
Written test
origin, rise, organisation
and decline of kingdoms in
Week 10: East and
Central Africa: case study
28/11- of Buganda and Kongo
02/12/202 kingdoms.
2
Week 11: Review
05-
09/12/20
22
Week 12: EXAMS
12-
16/12/20
22
Week 13: EXAMS AND MARKING
19-
23/12/20
22
 TERM II

Week/ Unit title Lesson title and Learning objective Teaching method, Reference Observatio
Date evaluation and key unit techniques and n
competence evaluation

Week 1: Unit 4: Kingdoms of LESSON :2. Political, social Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
09- East and Central and economic organisation understanding: - debate and citizenship
13/1/2 Africa. of Buganda and Kongo Explain the factors representation Student
023 kingdoms. behind the rise of the about the topic book
Buganda and Kongo -Internet
kingdoms. -Textbooks
-Identify the causes of Rwandan
 for the decline of History
Buganda and Kongo
kingdoms.
Skills: - Analyse the
factors causing the
downfall of Buganda
and Kongo kingdoms.
Attitudes and
values: -understand
the factors for the rise
of Buganda and
Kongo kingdoms.

Week 2: 3- Factors for the

16- decline of
20/1/2 Buganda and
023 Kongo
Kingdoms.

Key Unit
 SUMMATIVE Competence: To be
Evaluation
EVALUATION able to describe the
procedures: Written
origin, rise,
test
organisation and
decline of kingdoms
in East and Central
Africa: case study of
Buganda and Kongo
kingdoms.

Week 3: Unit 5: Long LESSON:1. Rise and Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
23- distance trade. organisation understanding: debate and citizenship
27/1/2 of long distance trade. -Describe its representation Student
023 organization. about the topic book
- Explain effects and -Internet
reasons for its -Textbooks
decline. of Rwandan
Skills: - Balance its History
organisation with the
Week 4: 2. Reasons for oganisation of Trans- Group discussion, History and
30/01- the decline of Saharan trade. debate and citizenship
03/2/2 long distance - Examine the effects representation Student
023 trade. and the reasons for about the topic book
the decline of long -Internet
3. Effects of distance trade. -Textbooks
long distance Attitudes and of Rwandan
trade. values: History
Appreciate the
organisation of long
distance trade.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit

Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to explain the
test
rise, organisation,
effects and decline of
 long distance trade.

Week 5: Unit 6: Ngoni LESSON :1- Origin of the Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
06- migration Ngoni and different understanding: - debate and citizenship
10/2/2 Ngoni groups Identify different representation Student
023 groups of the Ngoni. about the topic book
- Describe the -Internet
reasons for Ngoni -Textbooks
migration. of Rwandan
- Discuss the effects History
of Ngoni migration.
Skills: -Examine the
Week 6: 2. Reasons effects both positive
13- for Ngoni and negative of the
17/2/2 migration. Ngoni migrations in
023 3.Consequen East and Central
ces of Africa.
Ngoni Attitudes and
migration values: - Appreciate
the origin and the
 reasons for the Ngoni
migration.
- Recognise the effects
of the Ngoni
migration

SUMMATIVE Key Unit

Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to explain the
test
origin, causes and
effects of Ngoni
migration.

Week 7: Unit 7: Exploration LESSON: 1. Different Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
20- of Africa. European understanding:- debate and citizenship
24/2/2 explorers and Identify representation Student
023 their routes. different about the topic book
Europeans who -Internet
2.Different explored Africa. -Textbooks
causes of - Explain different of Rwandan
exploration. causes and History
effects of
exploration

Skills: - Assess the

effects and process of
exploration.
- Analyse the causes
of European explorers
in Africa.
Attitudes and
values:
- Appreciate the
importance of the
activities of different
explorers in Africa.
3.Consequences - Note the causes of Group discussion, History and
of exploration European exploration debate and citizenship
of Africa. in Africa. representation Student
4.Problems about the topic book
faced by -Internet
explorers in -Textbooks
Africa. of Rwandan
History
SUMMATIVE Key Unit
Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to explain the
test
causes and
consequences of
exploration of Africa.
Week 8: Unit 8: European Lesson:1. Knowledge and Group discussion,
27/2- colonisation of Different understanding: debate and
03/3/2 Africa. causes of -Explain the different representation
023 European causes of European about the topic
colonisation in colonisation of Africa.
Africa.
2. Methods of - Identify different
colonial methods of colonial
conquest in conquest.
Africa.
3. Colonial Skills: -Evaluate the Group discussion, History and
systems of causes of European debate and citizenship
administration. colonisation of Africa representation Student
and show whether about the topic book
they were justified. -Internet
4. Consequences Attitudes and -Textbooks
of European values: - of Rwandan
colonisation Acknowledge the History
 similarities and
differences between
methods used by
European colonialist
to acquire colonies in
Africa.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit

Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to evaluate
test
causes and
consequences of
European
colonisation of Africa.
Week 9: Unit 9: African LESSON: 1. Types of Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
06- response to colonial resistance, their understanding: debate and citizenship
10/3/2 conquest. causes and effects and - Identify types of representation Student
023 methods of resistance. resistance, their about the topic book
causes and effects. -Internet
- Explain how -Textbooks
2. Forms of collaboration. Africans of Rwandan
resisted the colonial History
3. How Africans administrations. Group discussion, History and
collaborated with - Explain forms of debate and citizenship
Europeans colonialists collaboration, its representation Student
(e.g. Mutesa of Buganda, causes and about the topic book
Lenana of Masai, etc). consequences. -Internet
-Textbooks
Skills: - Compare of Rwandan
primary and History
secondary resistance
by giving examples.

Attitudes and
values: - Appreciate
the reasons for
resistances so as to
acquire the spirit of Evaluation

nationalism and procedures: Written

patriotism. test
 SUMMATIVE Key Unit
EVALUATION Competence: To be
able to analyse the
reactions of Africans
to colonial conquest.
Week General review
10 :13-
17/03/
2023
Week EXAMS
11
:20-
24/3/2
023
Week EXAMS AND MARKING
12
:27-
31/3/2
023
 Term: III

Week/Date Unit title Lesson title Learning objectives Teaching method, Reference Observatio
and evaluation and key unit techniques and n
competence evaluation
Week1: Unit 10: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
17- Industrial Political, understanding: debate and citizenship
21/4/2023 revolution. economic and - Describe the factors representation about Student book
social situation that led to the the topic -Internet
in industrial revolution. -Textbooks of
England before - Discuss the effects of Rwandan
the industrial industrial revolution History
revolution. in Europe and the rest
of the world.

Skills: - Examine the

factors that led to the
industrial revolution
Week 2: 2. Factors that and determine the Group discussion, History and
24- led to the contribution of each debate and citizenship
28/4/2023 Industrial factor. representation about Student book
revolution. - Assess the effects of the topic -Internet
3. Effects of the the industrial -Textbooks of
industrial revolution and its Rwandan
revolution. impact on Africa. History
Week 3: 4.Technical Group discussion, History and
01- inventions and Attitudes and values: debate and citizenship
05/5/2023 their inventors: - Recognise the factors representation about Student book
spinning mule, that led to industrial the topic -Internet
spinning jenny, revolution. -Textbooks of
water frame, - Assess the effects of Rwandan
steam engine, the industrial History
flying shuttle. revolution.
- Identify technical
inventions and
their inventors
SUMMATIVE Key Unit
Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to explain the
test
causes and
consequences of the
industrial revolution,
technical inventions
and their inventors.
Week 4: Unit 11: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
08- Causes and Causes of understanding: - debate and citizenship
12/5/2023 impact of the American - Describe the causes representation about Student book
American revolution: of the American the topic -Internet
revolution - Political revolution. -Textbooks of
causes (need for - Explain the impact of Rwandan
independence, the American History
unfair judicial revolution
system Skills: - Analyse the
of Britain, the causes of the
restriction of American revolution
colonies and interpret the role
from occupying of each cause.
new lands of Attitudes and values:
Ohio and - Acknowledge the
Louisiana, causes of the
Boston American revolution
massacre, and and acquire the ideas
others). of democracy and
2. Economic nationalism.
 causes:
(exploitation of
resources,
heavy taxation
system, the
tea party of
Boston).
3. Social
causes:
(discrimination
against
Americans, role
Week 5: of philosophers,
15- the
19/5/2023 war of
Independence).
4.Effects of
American
Revolution both
in
 America and in
the rest of
the world
SUMMATIVE Key Unit
Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to explain the
test
causes and impact of
American revolution.

Week 6: Unit 12: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
22- Rights, duties Duties of citizen understanding: - debate and citizenship
26/5/2023 and toward Explain the concepts representation about Student book
obligations. his/her nation. of rights, the topic -Internet
2.Obligations of duties and obligations -Textbooks of
the state in the Rwandan
towards family, community History
its population. and nation.
3.How duties - Identify the
and obligations of the
obligations are state towards its
balanced in population.
Rwanda - Describe the balance
between
duties and obligations.
nation.
Skills: - Examine the
role of rights, duties
and obligations in
society and nation
building.
Attitudes and values:
- Acquire the spirit of
citizenship.
- Develop the spirit of
being law abiding.
Evaluation
procedures: Written
SUMMATIVE Key Unit
test
EVALUATION Competence: To be
able to analyse how
rights are balanced by
 obligations and duties
and relate this to the
situation in Rwanda.

Week 7: Unit 13: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
29/5- State and Definition of understanding: debate and citizenship
02/6/2023 government. state -explain the role and representation about Student book
And functions of the state the topic -Internet
government. and government. -Textbooks of
2.Difference -Explain the concepts Rwandan
between state of History
and the State and
government. government.
- Identify the
3.Types of state difference
and between state and
basic forms of government.
government.
Skills: - Analyse the
4.Organs, role definition of state and
 and government and
functions of the compare them.
state and Attitudes and values:
government -Appreciate the
importance of state
and government in
order to determine the
Rwandan identity.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit

Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to explain the role
test
and functions of the
state and government.
Week 8: Unit 14: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
05- Interdependen Interdependenc understanding: debate and citizenship
9/6/2023 ce and unity y - Explain the representation about Student book
in diversity. - Unity. importance of unity. the topic -Internet
-Personal - Describe the concept -Textbooks of
identity of interdependence Rwandan
and national among people. History
identity - Explain the concept
2.Patriotism. of unity in diversity.
- Unity in Skills: - Evaluate the
diversity importance of unity.

Attitudes and values:

- Show respect for
others and love for one
another.
- Appreciate the
importance of
patriotism and self-
reliance.

SUMMATIVE
Evaluation
EVALUATION Key Unit
procedures: Written
Competence: To be
test
able to explain the
interdependency and
 unity in diversity
Unit 15: LESSON:1. Group discussion, History and
Social Social cohesion Knowledge and debate and citizenship
cohesion and Factors understanding: representation about Student book
influencing - Explain the the topic -Internet
social cohesion. factors -Textbooks of
2. Challenges to influencing Rwandan
Social social cohesion. History
cohesion : - Identify
Discrimination, challenges to
Exclusion, social cohesion
Stigma, Skills: - Examine the
prejudice, etc. importance of social
cohesion in Rwanda
and other societies.
Attitudes and values
- Appreciate the
importance of social
cohesion in Rwandan
society.
 - Judge factors
influencing social
cohesion and interpret
its challenges.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit

Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to analyse how
test
people can live
together in harmony.
Week 9: Unit 16: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and
12- Hindrances to Types of understanding - debate and citizenship
16/6/2023 dignity and hindrances Explain the representation about Student book
self-reliance to dignity and importance of the topic -Internet
in Rwandan self-reliance. dignity and -Textbooks of
society 2. Importance self-reliance in Rwandan
of dignity Rwandan society. History
and self-
reliance in Skills: - Examine the
Rwandan hindrances to dignity
society. and self-reliance in
3.Importance of order to determine
international measures/strategies to
cooperation in overcome them.
respect to
Rwandan Attitudes and values:
aspirations. - Show concern for
4.Activities for hindrances to dignity
promotion of and self-reliance.
dignity - Appreciate role of
and self- dignity and self-
reliance. reliance in Rwandan
5. Challenges to society and advocate
dignity for them.
and self-
reliance.
 SUMMATIVE Key Unit
Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to identify the
test
hindrances to dignity
and self-reliance in
Rwandan society.

Unit 17: LESSON:1. Knowledge and Group discussion, History and

Concept of Causes of understanding: debate and citizenship
disability and disability - Explain measures to representation about Student book
inclusive 2. Effects of prevent disabilities. the topic
education. disability Skills: - Assess the
3.Measures to causes and effects of
prevent disability and relate to
Disability the current situation.
Attitudes and values:
-Appreciate the raised
awareness of
disability.
 - Appreciate the
importance of good
hygiene.

SUMMATIVE Key Unit

Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence: To be
procedures: Written
able to analyse causes
test
and effects of
disabilities and
determine measures to
prevent disability.

Knowledge and
understanding: -
Describe how mutual
Week 10: Unit 18: LESSON:1. trust between parents
19- Family and Conflict and and children promotes
23/0/6/20 Personal misunderstandi effective
23 Values ng between communication.
parents and
children. Skills: - Assess family
2.Importance of and personal values
parents-child and show how they
dialogues are inter-related.
about their - Evaluate negative
differences and social norms/practices
developing related to sexuality
respect for and marriage and
each other’s indicate their
rights to have contributions in the
different society.
values.
Attitudes and values:
- Acknowledge the
importance of parents
and personal values.
 SUMMATIVE Key Unit
Evaluation
EVALUATION Competence:
procedures: Written
Examine the concept
test
of Human Rights
related to sexual and
reproductive health
(from unit overview)

Week 11: General review

19-
23/06/2023

Week 12: EXAMS

03-
07/7/2023
Week 13: EXAMS AND
10- MARKING
14/7/2023

END OF YEAR.