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    Grade 12 Physics Note 1

    Uploaded by

    Luis Gonzales
    1. The document discusses three cases of free fall: objects dropped from a height, thrown downward, and thrown upward. 2. Galileo argued that all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate due to gravity alone, regardless of their mass. 3. For each case, the document provides the relevant kinematic equations to calculate variables like displacement, time, velocity, and acceleration from initial conditions.

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    Grade 12 Physics Note 1

    Uploaded by

    Luis Gonzales
    24 views6 pages
    1. The document discusses three cases of free fall: objects dropped from a height, thrown downward, and thrown upward. 2. Galileo argued that all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate due to gravity alone, regardless of their mass. 3. For each case, the document provides the relevant kinematic equations to calculate variables like displacement, time, velocity, and acceleration from initial conditions.

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    1. The document discusses three cases of free fall: objects dropped from a height, thrown downward, and thrown upward. 2. Galileo argued that all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate due to gravity alone, regardless of their mass. 3. For each case, the document provides the relevant kinematic equations to calculate variables like displacement, time, velocity, and acceleration from initial conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views6 pages

    Grade 12 Physics Note 1

    Uploaded by

    Luis Gonzales
    1. The document discusses three cases of free fall: objects dropped from a height, thrown downward, and thrown upward. 2. Galileo argued that all objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate due to gravity alone, regardless of their mass. 3. For each case, the document provides the relevant kinematic equations to calculate variables like displacement, time, velocity, and acceleration from initial conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Physics: Note 1

    CASES OF FREE FALL

    Uniformly Accelerated Motion


    1. Free fall

    Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM)


    The acceleration is constant (non-changing)
    the only thing changing is the velocity

    Cases of free fall


    1. Dropped from a certain height
    2. Thrown downward
    3. Thrown upward

    Free fall
    The motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting on it
    An example of UAM
    Ignores the presence of air resistance

    Aristotle
    Most frustrated philosopher
    He created many concepts and theories that were initially wrong but was
    challenged and debunked which led to correct scientific theories and concepts
    In the fourth century B.C, he thought (erroneously) that heavy objects fall faster
    than light objects, in proportion to their weight

    Galileo
    Argued that an object should fall with a downward acceleration that is constant and
    independent of its weight
    By ignoring the presence of air resistance and considering only the gravity,
    both heavy and light objects will fall at same time

    Behavior of a Free-falling body


    1. Acceleration due to gravity
    The only force that acts on a free-falling body is the gravitational force.
    The acceleration due to gravity (g) is equal to - 9.8 m/s2  (Downward, towards
    the earth's center)

    2. Time symmetry
    The time required for an object to reach its maximum height equals the time for it to
    return to its starting point
    Maximum height (time) = starting point (time)
    Vertical upward and vertical downward
    Time is symmetrical in free falling bodies especially when thrown upward
    3. Speed symmetry
    It shows that at any displacement at any point of release, the speed of the body
    during the upward trip is the speed during the downward trip
    upward speed = downward speed

    Quantities and symbol


    x - horizontal motion
    y - vertical (free fall)

    Sign convention
    Upward is positive
    Downward is negative
    Initial and final velocity
    As long as the trajectory is downward the velocity is already negative and and vice
    versa

    Acceleration
    We will never encounter a positive acceleration
    The acceleration is constant (the acceleration caused by the gravitational force)
    - 9.8 m/s2

    Time
    A scalar quantity
    there is no negative time

    Different cases of free fall


    1. Case 1: dropped from a certain height
    Since the Acceleration is constant, you can use the derived kinematic equation for
    uniformly accelerated motion.
    Add a sub y notation in the variables to indicate the object is moving vertically.
    An object dropped from a certain height has no initial velocity (voy = 0)
    There is no force acting upon it (hindi itinulak. Nahulog lang)

    Possible Equations
    Voy = 0

    Final velocity
    Vfy = Voyt + gt
    Vfy = gt

    Displacement
    y = voyt + 1/2 gt2
    Requires the value of time
    If the initial velocity is 0
    y = 1/2 gt2

    Time
    y = 1/2 gt2
    =   (y = 1/2 gt2) 2/g
    =   2y/g = t2
    t = sqrt 2y/g
    y is displacement
    2. Case 2: Thrown downward
    An object thrown downward has an initial velocity

    Initial velocity
    In case 2, the initial velocity is always negative

    Final velocity
    vfy = voy + gt
    the velocity just before it hits the ground
    If time is not given:
    y = vfy2 - voy2 / 2g
    2gy = vfy2 - voy2
    2gy + voy2 = vfy2
    vfy = sqrt 2gy + v0y2

    Displacement
    y = Voyt + 1/2 gt2
    Requires the value of time

    Time
    t = vfy - voy / g

    3. Case 3: Thrown upward


    Time and speed are symmetrical
    Upward velocities are positive and decreasing. Thus, Initial velocity from the
    starting point is always positive
    Downward velocities are negative and increasing
    Velocity at the maximum height is zero
    You can solve the first half of the trajectory and consider the second half as the
    first case of free fall (object dropped)

    Dissect the trajectory into 2


    1. First half of the trajectory
    Initial velocity at the starting point

    Upward velocity
    Always positive
    Decreasing until maximum height

    Initial velocity
    At its point of release
    v0y = vfy - gt
    v0y = - gt

    If time is not given:


    Final velocity
    At its maximum height
    Vfy = 0

    Height (y)
    y = vfyt - 1/2 gt2
    Must be positive

    Time
    t = vfy - v0y /g

    If v0y or vfy is equal to zero:


    t = sqrt 2y/g
    2. Second half of the trajectory
    Use the first case of free fall: dropped from certain height
    v0y is zero
    vfy is a negative velocity

    Hang time:
    t = (vfy - v0y / g) 2
    Hang time means the total time spent in air
    Time was multiplied to 2 since time is symmetrical (upward trip = downward
    trip)

    Trajectory (scalar)
    y up to max height + y from max height to the ground

    Y up to max height
    y = vfy2 - v0y2/2g
    Y from max height to the ground
    y = 1/2 gt2
    must be negative

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