The Contemporary World

(M1 Lesson 3: Theories of Globalization)

Direction:
1. With the use of your online research through newspaper and journal reading,
construct at least two (2) definitions in your own words of each of the hereunder
theories of globalization.

1.1. Liberalism

 This is about thinking that various governments can live in peace as long as we
understand each other, and it is critical in globalization to be able to safeguard people's
equal rights because we need something to encourage free commerce and marketization
in today's generation. Liberalism aspires to assist many people, not just a select few.
 Under this political and social worldview, individual rights, civic liberties, democracy,
and free capitalism are all emphasized.

1.2. Realism

 Realism is a globalization theory that holds that each state must be aware of the current
condition and acts of the others. As a result, the state will have a notion of how to
develop in areas such as various materials, military emphasis, and other things that
other states have or lack that they may be inspired by and better.
 Highlights the importance of preserving a country's culture and economy as well as the
role of state, its interests and power.

1.3. Marxism

 It looks at how capitalism affects labor, productivity, and economic progress, and
proposes a worker revolution to overthrow capitalism and replace it with communism.
Marxism views that the political and social relationships of the states can be determined
and be influenced based on productive relations to one another.
 It is a political and economic idea which divides people into groups wherein the two
main classes are the working class and the ruling class.
 1.4. Constructivism

 People create their own definitions or representations of things based on their own
experiences, according to this notion. It's just a question of transforming one's vision of
something into one's own produced knowledge rather than relying on information from
others, and it allows us to view globalization in unique and own ways.
 According to this view, states should share historically and socially formed ideas and
knowledge with one another. Constructivism can be effective for helping each other since
it communicates created knowledge rather than just tangible variables, allowing states to
grow and deepen their social interactions.

1.5. Postmodernism

 According to this theory, the media has a significant impact on globalization in society
and even the entire globe since it can reach a large number of people in various nations.
 It is more about individual choice, which leads to increased understanding of the varied
cultures of other countries via social media and generates global chances.

2. Fill out the table matrix provided below by comparing and differentiating
how these essential characteristics were best observed in the identified
theories of globalization

Theories of Market Central State Power/ Popular Strong

Economy/Fre Planning the Conduct Culture: Personal
Globalizatio e trade and and of Generation X Unique
n Private Public International & Millenials' Identity and
Property Ownershi Relations: Craze. Fads Consciousnes
p of Consular & and s amid
Property Diplomacy Trensendsettin Hyperglobalis
g m
Personal This idea Liberalism's This theory’s Emphasized on
1. Liberalism liberty, private lacks primary popular culture individual
property, and secure objective is to was solely rights, and the
minimal private create dependent on government
government property, institutions the interests of has made it a
 intervention according that defend the people priority to
are the to some, individual during its time, preserve the
cornerstones and liberty by which means rights of every
of economic central restricting trends and fads individual.
liberalism. planning and checking from this theory
The term is governmental are old and can
"liberalism" practically authority. be associated
must be impossible This authority with vintages.
considered in to can be
the implement use to battle
perspective of foreign
its historical countries, but
setting. Self- it can also be
interest is a used to
core oppress the
component of country's own
human inhabitants.
nature, As a result,
according to political
liberalism. regimes
Producers based on
offer us things liberalism
in the frequently
economic use civilian
realm not control of the
because they military to
care about limit military
our well- authority.
being, but
because they
want to earn a
profit.
Free trade There is This This theory’s It opposes
2. Realism and no central emphasis on popular culture centralized
regulations, planning relative rather was also solely global power
according to in realism than absolute dependent on because it
this view, may theory. authority the interests of values both
be utilized to stems from the people individual
remedy the realist during its time, prosperity and
domestic vision of the which means strength.
changes and international trends and fads
to spotlight system, from this theory
new areas. which is an are old and
anarchical traditional.
setting for the
realist. To
protect their
interests,
enforce
whatever
agreements
 they may
have made
with other
governments,
or preserve a
desired
internal and
international
order, all
states must
rely on their
own
resources.
There is no
power over
the nation-
state, nor
should there
be, according
to realists
To explain Marxist- In capitalist working people own world; he
3. Marxism relative Leninist countries, themselves, does not
inequalities in philosoph Marxist such as folk art, belong there.
market prices, y, as well conceptions folk stories, or Individuals in a
Karl Marx as the to power music, and capitalist
believed in former focus on the those society are
the labor Soviet relationship manufactured separated into
theory of Union, between it for them, such two categories:
value. The China, and class as commercial political
worth of a Vietnam, dominance. television, citizens and
manufactured and Cuba, In economics, advertising, economic
economic are politics, and arcade actors. This
good maybe frequently ideology, videogames, dichotomy
determined connected power is tied movies, and indicates his
objectively by with to class music. political
the average central relations. The alienation,
number of planning. state is seen which is
labor hours While as particularly exacerbated by
required to these vital in the bourgeois
make it, nations' capitalist state's
according to economic social functioning.
this idea. success formations for Marx came to
Private has been providing the regard the
property, variable, conditions for state as the
according to they have economic vehicle through
Marxist usually class which the
literature, is a lagged dominance. landed class
social behind subjugated
relationship in capitalist other classes
which a countries as a result of
property in terms of his study of
 owner takes growth. society at the
control of turn of the
whatever that nineteenth
another century.
individual or
group creates
with that
property, and
capitalism is
based on
private
property.
Economic The Constructivis Constructivism According to
constructivism central m is asocial is useful in constructivists,
4.Constructivis theory planning theory in multicultural states can
m advocates is based international and inter have numerous
that a person on study relations that cultural settings identities that
be introduced and first maintains because it are socially
to a hand that encourages formed via
description of observatio ideational cultural interactions
economic n of the variables adaptation as a with other
reality and state's (which are viable actors. Identity
that this citizens. historically alternative to is are
reality be and socially assimilation. presentation of
described on produced) This notion is an actor's idea
the basis of impact key seen to be of who they
how an parts of especially are, which
individual international applicable to communicates
creates the relations, not today's their goals.
world around just material millennials.
him. consideration Because it
s. allows people to
conduct
research and
participate in
the design of
their learning
experience.
The market The Had a keen This A postmodern
5.Postmodernis becomes the utilization awareness of philosophy, society is
m great of media the which is largely defined as one
assimilator in is at the significance employed by in which social
postmodern core of of ideology in millennials and actors
culture. By this establishing generation X to 'Identities are
emptying the theory's and market and constantly
manifestation central sustaining develop, makes changing.
s (music, planning. political and use of media to Because of the
fashion, etc.) economic reach the need for
of revolt(e.g., power. This largest number increased
punk) of their approach of people. flexibility to
content increases the Trends, adapt and
 (original state's particularly adjust in a
meaning), it capacity to those relating to changing
commodifies market what art, are world, this
them in a way the country particularly theory's identity
that possesses, interesting. is always
acculturates as well as its evolving.
all sorts of ties with other
rebellion and countries
radical
critique

3. In 200 words, write an analysis based on the result of the learning

task.
-Based on the result, which focuses on the theories regarding globalization, I learned that
different theories can affect the economy, and these effects would also differ depending on the
state and its people. I also learned and realized that even though some of the theories were old,
some people still practice and believe in those theories, and are modified by technology and the
media. There are different concepts about our economy and how it affects the nation's growth
and its people. The most effective theory would be the one that would work best and people
would agree to practice it.