Hs2-Hs2-Cv-Spe-000-010600 (P05)
Hs2-Hs2-Cv-Spe-000-010600 (P05)
Hs2-Hs2-Cv-Spe-000-010600 (P05)
ENGINEERING WORKS
This document contains proprietary information. No part of this document may be reproduced without prior written consent from the Chief
Executive Officer, HS2 Ltd.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION: OFFICIAL
VOLUME 1 - HS2 SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
November 2019
VOLUME 1 - HS2 SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
SERIES 600
EARTHWORKS
Contents
Clause Title Page Clause Title Page
601 Classification, Definitions and Uses of 623 Earthworks for Corrugated Steel Buried 26
Earthworks Materials 3 Structures
602 General Requirements 5 624 Ground Anchorages 27
605 Special Requirements for Class 3 Material 10 627 Swallow Holes and Other Naturally
Occurring Cavities 28
606 Watercourses 10
628 Disused Mine Workings 28
607 Explosives and Blasting for Excavation 11
629 Instrumentation and Monitoring 29
608 Construction of Fills 12
630 Ground Improvement 29
609 Geotextiles and Geotextile-related
631 Earthworks Materials Tests 31
Products Used to Separate Earthworks
Materials 13
632 Determination of Moisture Condition Value
610 Fill to Structures 14 (MCV) of Earthworks Materials 31
633 Determination of Undrained Shear Strength
611 Fill Above Structural Concrete
of Remoulded Cohesive Material 31
Foundations 15
634 Determination of Intact Lump Dry Density
612 Compaction of Fills 15
(IDD) of Chalk 31
613 Sub-formation and Capping (non-HSR 635 Los Angeles and Other Tests for Particle
Earthworks Only) 18 Soundness 31
614 Cement Stabilisation to Form Capping 636 Determination of Effective Angleof Internal
(non-HSR Earthworks Only) 20 Friction(’)and Effective Cohesion (c’) of
615 Lime Stabilisation to Form Capping (non- Earthworks Materials 32
HSR Earthworks Only) 21 637 Determination of Resistivity (rs) to
616 Preparation and Surface Treatment of Assess Corrosivity of Soil, Rock or
Formation 22 Earthworks Materials 33
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EARTHWORKS
601 Classification, Definitions and Uses of Earthworks Materials
General
0 This Series is part of the Specification for Civil Engineering Works. Whilst this Series is particularly relevant to the
subject matter in its title it must be read in conjunction with the general requirements in Series 000 and 100 and with all
other Series relevant to the specification for the particular works to be undertaken.
General Classification
1 Earthworks materials shall fall into one or other of the following general classifications:
(i) acceptable material: material excavated from within the site or imported on to the site which meets the
requirements of Table 6/1 and contract specific Appendix 6/1 for acceptability for use in the permanent
works;
(ii) unacceptable material Class U1A as defined in sub-Clauses 2(i)(a) and 2(i)(b) of this Clause: material
excavated from within the site which, unless processed so that it meets the requirements of Table 6/1 and
contract specific Appendix 6/1, shall not be used in the permanent works;
(iii) unacceptable material Class U1B as defined in sub-Clause 2(ii)(a) of this Clause: material excavated from
within the site which, unless processed so that it meets the requirements of Table 6/1 and contract specific
Appendix 6/1, shall not be used in the permanent works; and
(iv) unacceptable material Class U2 as defined in sub-Clause 3(i) of this Clause: material excavated from
within the site which shall not be used in the permanent works.
Unacceptable Materials
2 Unacceptable material Classes U1A and U1B:
(i) unacceptable material Class U1A shall be:
(a) material which does not comply with the permitted constituents and material properties of Table 6/1
and contract specific Appendix 6/1 for acceptable material; and
(b) material, or constituents of materials, composed of the following unless otherwise described in
contract specific Appendix 6/1:
• peat, materials from swamps, marshes and bogs;
• logs, stumps and perishable material;
• materials in a frozen condition;
• clay having a liquid limit determined in accordance with BS 1377: Part 2, exceeding 90 or
plasticity index determined in accordance with BS 1377: Part 2, exceeding 65;
• material susceptible to spontaneous combustion except unburnt colliery spoil complying with
sub-Clause 15 of this Clause;
• unacceptable plasticity requirements for High Speed Rail (HSR) earthworks are defined in the
HS2 Technical Standard – Earthworks (HS2-HS2-GT-STD-000-000001).
(ii) unacceptable material Class U1B shall be contaminated materials, whose level of contamination is above
that given either in contract specific Appendix 6/14 or in contract specific Appendix 6/15, including:
(a) controlled wastes (as defined in the Environmental Protection Act 1990 Part IIA);
(b) hazardous wastes (as defined in the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005.
3 Unacceptable material Class U2 shall be:
(i) radioactive waste (as defined in the Radioactive Substances Act 1993).
4 Tar-bound asphaltic material shall be classed as U1B and, unless proven by testing to be safe and suitable for use,
shall be removed from site.
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requirements of the contract, shall be removed from the site unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/1.
Material which is unacceptable only by reason of being frozen shall be retained on site when in that condition. Where the
Contractor is permitted to remove acceptable material, or unacceptable material required to be processed, from the site to
suit his operational procedure, then he shall make good any consequent deficit of material arising therefrom.
Environmental requirements for processing of Class U1B material, in terms of limiting values of contaminants or other
requirements, shall be set out in contract specific Appendix 6/1 in the earthworks Class for which the processed material is
to be used.
4 If any acceptable material or unacceptable material required to be processed is, where permitted by contract specific
Appendix 6/1, used by the Contractor for purposes other than for general fill, sufficient acceptable fill material to occupy,
after full compaction, a volume corresponding to that which the excavated material occupied shall be provided by the
Contractor.
5 (P05) Acceptable material (other than Class 5A or any Class 5B material replacing Class 5A material in accordance
with sub-Clause 3 of this Clause) surplus to the total requirements of the permanent works and all unacceptable material
Class U1A not required to be processed shall, unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/1, be run to spoil
in tips provided by the Contractor. Class U1A and U1B materials not otherwise classified as surplus or waste may be used
in mitigation earthworks, where safe and suitable. In the case of unacceptable material, Class U1B deemed not safe and
suitable and Class U2, the Contractor shall submit its proposals to the Contractor’s Engineering Director and the Project
Manager for excavation, treatment, and, if required off-site transportation and disposal including details of all relevant
permits, licences, authorisations or notifications required for the proposed works and shall comply with any specific
requirements for disposal described in contract specific Appendix 6/2.
6 All materials for re-use must be demonstrably suitable as detailed in the CL:AIRE Code of Practice (2011) or
appropriate environmental permitting scheme and must not give rise to an unacceptable risk to controlled waters and the
wider environment, which includes human health.
7 Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and unacceptable materials the Contractor shall, unless
indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/3, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable
materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the unacceptable materials.
Unless otherwise described in the contract classes of fill material required to be deposited separately shall be excavated
separately without contamination by other Classes of material.
8 The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for stockpiling of acceptable material, and unacceptable material
to be processed, and for the provision of sites for the purpose.
9 The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavations or fills by his methods of
stockpiling materials, use of plant or siting of temporary buildings or structures.
10 (P05) Existing topsoil and subsoil material shall be stripped in accordance with the relevant Soil Resource Plan or
Soil Management Plan. All areas to be covered by Structural Earthworks (see HS2-HS2-GT-STD-000-000001 for
definition) shall be stripped of topsoil. Where stated in contract specific Appendix 6/8 existing topsoil shall be stripped as
turf in accordance with sub- Clause 3005.13.
11 (P05) Topsoil and subsoil shall be handled in accordance with Series 3100..
12 (P05) All Class 5A topsoil arising from the site, or any Class 5B material replacing Class 5A material in accordance
with sub-Clause 3 of this Clause, in excess of the requirements for topsoiling, shall be subject to the requirements
described in the relevant Soil Resource Plan or Soil Management Plan.
13 Excavations for foundations and trenches shall be adequately supported at all times, and except where otherwise
described in contract specific Appendix 6/3, shall not be battered. Where excavations are permitted to be battered they
shall be benched as described in contract specific Appendix 6/3 prior to backfilling and compaction. The additional work
and materials shall be provided by the Contractor. Sheeting and other excavation supports shall be removed as filling
proceeds except where they are required in contract specific Appendix 6/3 to be left in position.
14 Excavations requiring backfilling shall remain open only for the minimum period necessary.
15 Excavations requiring backfilling in existing paved or other surfaces, including those paved areas to be
reconstructed or repaired, shall be carried out and reinstated in compliance with Clause 706.
16 The Contractor shall keep earthworks free of water including:
(i) arranging for the rapid removal of water:
(a) shed on to the earthworks;
(b) entering the earthworks from any source;
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(ii) lowering and maintaining by appropriate measures, the water level in excavations, sufficiently to enable
the permanent works to be constructed.
17 In carrying out the requirements of sub-Clause 15 of this Clause the Contractor shall:
(i) form and maintain cuttings, embankments and other areas of fill with appropriate falls and gradient and
sealed surfaces;
(ii) provide where necessary temporary watercourses, drains, pumping and the like;
(iii) discharge accumulated water and groundwater into the permanent outfalls of the drainage system where
practicable;
(iv) provide adequate means for trapping silt on temporary systems discharging into permanent drainage
systems.
18 The Contractor shall carry out and maintain any groundwater lowering or other treatment required in contract
specific Appendices 6/1 or 6/13.
19 Where materials fall into either Class U1B or Class U2, the Contractor shall carry out any special requirements for
their handling described in contract specific Appendix 6/2. Where such materials are encountered during the progress of
the works, the Contractor shall make all necessary arrangements for their safe handling and disposal after consultation with
the appropriate environmental authority.
20 Subject to the surface level tolerances given in Clause 613 and sub-Clause 616.1, material shall not be frost
susceptible if it is used within 450 mm of the designed final surface of a road or paved central reserve, or railway, or 350
mm if the annual frost index of the site is less than 50. Material shall be classified as non-frost-susceptible if the mean
heave is 15 mm or less, when tested in accordance with BS 812: Part 124 or BS 1924: Part 2 for lime stabilised capping,
amended as given in sub-Clause 801.7. For HSR earthworks use, non-frost susceptible means heave is 5mm or less when
tested in accordance with this clause.
21 The fill material shall be locally won where possible or imported, with properties complying with the requirements
of the following clauses:
a. The Contractor is responsible for determination of acceptability and classification of materials at source and
is responsible for preventing any deterioration of condition in transport and deposition. Contract specific
Appendix 1/5 lists the required tests.
b. The classification and confirmation of acceptability of the earthwork materials shall be carried out by the
Contractor. The classification shall include all materials excavated on site, imported general fill and other
imported materials.
c. Classification testing shall be carried out by the Contractor at the source of all materials. Acceptability testing
results carried out at the point of placement should include details of chainage and height of embankment (if
appropriate).
d. The Contractor shall make all test results and summaries available electronically for viewing,
filtering/queries, printout on an open access database within one working day of the completion of the test.
All original test sheets shall be filed in the site laboratory after signing in accordance with UKAS
requirements.
e. (P05) If, in the opinion of the Contractor’s Engineering Director, it is considered that any material has altered
its classification for whatever reason, the classification and acceptability tests required in Clause 601, Table
6/1 and contract specific Appendix 6/1 shall be repeated.
f. (P05) Where there is a delay of more than 24 hours between excavation of on-site materials and deposition in
areas of fill, or if in the opinion of the Contractor’s Engineering Director the material has altered its
classification or is unacceptable for whatever reason, the Contractor shall repeat the classification and
acceptability tests if required by the Contractor’s Engineering Director.
Site Records
22 Complete records of plant, equipment, materials, rig records, instrumentation test results etc. shall be maintained
during all earthworks (including ground improvement) operations to enable validation of design and construction.
23 (P05) All records shall be made available to the Contractor’s Engineering Director in an agreed electronic format
on a weekly basis unless otherwise specified in the contract specific appendices or Works Information.
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24 The Contractor shall maintain site records of the following information relating to the earthworks:
(i) The transfer location for all waste material disposed of from the site;
(ii) The source and classification of each source of any imported fill material;
(iii) For varying sources or classifications; the location within the Works of each fill source or classification, and
the dates over which it was placed.
Dewatering and/or Recharge Systems
25 Where there is a risk of fouling of dewatering and/or recharge systems, appropriate maintenance shall be carried
out to ensure the bacterial build up will not impact on the dewatering/recharge scheme.
Additives
26 Where additives are required in construction (e.g. certain types of polymers, flocculants, lubricants etc.), substances
that degrade to non-contaminating substances shall be utilised.
Naturally Occurring Contaminants
27 Where the disturbance of ground containing naturally occurring substances which could be contaminative is
unavoidable, the contractor shall evaluate the need for, and provide where necessary, appropriate pollution control
measures.
Lining Materials
28 (P05) Lining materials used in pollution prevention measures shall be suitable for the contamination expected and
appropriate documentation provided to the Contractor’s Engineering Director for acceptance.
Archaeology
29 The Contractor shall identify locations of archaeological excavation and shall ensure that both the performance
requirements of the earthworks and any archaeological requirements are satisfied at these locations.
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material required by contract specific Appendix 6/3) except that under corrugated steel buried structures
Class 6K lower bedding material shall be used.
3 Class 6K lower bedding material referred to in this Clause shall be deposited and compacted in compliance with
Clauses 608 and 612 and Table 6/1.
606 Watercourses
1 The clearance and modification of existing, or the construction of new watercourses, including ditches, streams,
rivers, lagoons and ponds, shall be as described in contract specific Appendix 6/3 including any protection, lining,
revetment or other works and shall comply with sub-Clauses 2 to 4 of this Clause.
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2 Clearance of existing watercourses shall include the removal of vegetation, vegetable matter and all other deposits
within the watercourse profile. Materials resulting from this clearance shall be dealt with as unacceptable material.
3 New watercourses and cleared existing watercourses shall be maintained in a clear condition.
4 Redundant watercourses shall, where required in contract specific Appendix 6/3, be drained and cleared in
accordance with sub-Clause 2 of this Clause and material outside the watercourse profile excavated and dealt with as
unacceptable material. The excavations shall be to the dimensions stated in the contract and the whole filled with general
or selected fills of the Class described in contract specific Appendix 6/3 complying with Table 6/1 deposited and
compacted in compliance with Clause 608 and 612. Where the surface is to remain exposed it shall be topsoiled and
seeded, or receive other treatment, all as described in contract specific Appendix 6/3.
summation of the three components of amplitude and velocity respectively, measured as instantaneously as
the resolution of the recording instrument permits;
(ix) ensure that noise from blasting operations is controlled in accordance with Clause 109;
(x) use explosives in the quantities and in the manner recommended by the manufacturer;
(xi) store explosives in registered premises in a licensed store or magazine provided with a separate
compartment for detonators or use them under an Immediate Use Certificate issued by the police;
(xii) only permit explosives to be used or handled by or under the immediate control of a competent person in
accordance with the Explosive Regulations 2014 and subsequent amending Regulations;
(xiii) ensure there is no unauthorised issue or improper use of explosives brought on the site and maintain a strict
check on quantities issued and consumed;
(xiv) comply with the requirements of BS 6657 in respect of the use of electrical detonators in the vicinity of
static and mobile radio transmitters, including normal radio and television broadcasting stations and radar
units associated with aircraft movements, electricity generating plant and transmission lines.
6 Staged construction of fills and any controlled rates of filling, shall be carried out, in accordance with any
requirements described in contract specific Appendix 6/3 including installation of instrumentation and its monitoring, in
compliance with Clause 629 and contract specific Appendix 6/12.
7 Where required in contract specific Appendix 6/3 the Contractor shall surcharge embankments or other areas of fill,
as described therein for the periods stated. If settlement of surcharged fill results in any surcharging material, which is
unacceptable for use in the fill being surcharged, lying below the formation or, where there is a capping, the sub-
formation, the Contractor shall remove this unacceptable material and dispose of it in accordance with Clause 602. He
shall then bring the resultant level up to formation or sub-formation, as appropriate, with acceptable material.
8 Where pipes in embankments or in other areas of fill are permitted in contract specific Appendix 5/1 to be
constructed other than in a trench, the fill shall be brought up to and over them equally on both sides. The fill shall be
deposited in even layers and shall not be heaped above the pipe. Spreading and compaction shall be carried out evenly
without dislodging, distorting or damaging the pipe. Power rammers are not to be used within 300 mm of any part of the
pipe or joint.
9 The last 600 mm depth of fill up to sub-formation level, or formation level as appropriate, shall, unless otherwise
required in the Contract, be carried out for the full width of embankments, or between the outer extremities of the verges
in other areas of fill, in a continuous operation. The Contractor shall then continue without delay to carry out either (i) or
(ii) below:
(i) form the sub-formation or formation, all in accordance with Clauses 613 and 616, following immediately
either by:
(a) the construction of the full thickness of capping or sub-base as appropriate; or
(b) if permitted in contract specific Appendix 6/3, the construction of a lesser thickness of capping or
sub-base as described therein laid as a weather sacrificial protection layer;
(ii) place an additional 300 mm minimum compacted thickness of material above sub-formation level or
formation level as appropriate for the full width of the filling to form a weather protection. This weather
protection shall be composed of the same material as the sub-formation or formation and compacted in
compliance with Table 6/1. The material shall be provided from the Contractor’s own resources and the
sacrificial protection layer shall be constructed in a continuous operation. For stabilised capping, the
protective layer shall consist of unstabilised material.
10 During construction of embankments and other fills, exposed sides of Classes 2E and 7B pulverised-fuel ash
material shall be protected against scour and erosion from any source.
11 Completed slopes of Classes 2E and 7B fill material shall be covered immediately by Class 5 topsoil as required in
contract specific Appendix 6/8 or turf or other material, as required in contract specific Appendix 30/5.
12 Whenever fill is to be deposited against the face of a natural slope, or sloping earthworks face including
embankments, cuttings, other fills and excavations, such faces shall be benched or otherwise shaped as required in
contract specific Appendix 6/3 immediately before placing the subsequent fill.
13 All permanent faces of side slopes of embankments and other areas of fill formed in Classes 2 or 7 cohesive
materials other than pulverised-fuel ash, shall, subsequent to any trimming operations, be re-worked and sealed by tracking
a tracked vehicle, suitable for the purpose, on the slope, or by other suitable methods.
14 As far as reasonably practicable all cut off drains and ditches specified for each embankment shall be completed
and outfalls provided prior to the commencement of the specific earthworks item.
15 (P05) Where fine materials are placed over coarse materials or vice versa, a filter or geotextile used as a separator
shall be used to prevent migration of fines, unless the Contractor’s Engineering Director is satisfied that its omission will
not result in a degraded performance.
exposure of the geotextile to sunlight should not exceed 5 hours, or other value recommended by the manufacturer.
3 Geotextiles shall not be placed during periods of extreme cold, extreme heat, when frost is likely and or when there
is heavy rainfall.
4 Geotextiles shall be placed in the direction of traffic unless detailed otherwise on the drawings.
5 The material on which the geotextiles are installed upon shall be free of any sharp protrusions which may damage
the fabric. The geotextile shall not be dragged into position or pulled once laid but shall be rolled out across the site such
that it shall be in continuous contact with the surface on which it is to be installed and shall not bridge or be stretched over
hollows or lumps.
6 The geotextiles shall be inert to all chemicals naturally found in soils of the type expected on site and shall have no
solvents at ambient temperature. It shall not be susceptible to hydrolysis, shall be resistant to aqueous solutions of salts,
acids and alkalis, and shall be non-biodegradable.
7 Adjacent sheets of the geotextiles shall be overlapped or joined according to the Manufacturer's recommendations
and with a minimum overlap of 500mm, unless otherwise specified in contract specific Appendix 6/5. Returns for
anchorages and turn-ups at edges shall be according to Manufacturer's recommendations and shall be not less than
500mm, unless otherwise specified in contract specific Appendix 6/5.
8 Fill to be placed upon the geotextile shall not be dropped from a height but should be placed from a height no
greater than 0.8m. No trafficking shall take place upon the geotextile until a minimum fill thickness of 500mm has been
placed, unless otherwise specified in contract specific Appendix 6/5.
9 Any geotextile damaged during installation shall be immediately repaired by patching over the damaged section.
The area of patching should extend to at least 1m beyond the damaged area of geotextile.
10 Where geotextiles are used to line drainage/watercourses then the upstream sheet shall overlap the downstream
sheet.
11 Geotextiles that are used to demarcate underlying contaminated materials shall be bright orange.
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is trimmed to a slope of 1 vertical to 1½ horizontal, or other slope described in contract specific Appendix 6/6.
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(iv) A grid roller is a machine with a compacting roll or rolls constructed of heavy steel mesh of square pattern.
(v) A deadweight tamping roller is a machine with a roll or rolls from which ‘feet’ project and where the
projected end area of each ‘foot’ exceeds 0.01 m² and the sum of the areas of the feet exceeds 15% of the
area of the cylinder swept by the ends of the feet. The requirements for tamping rollers apply to machines
that have 2 rolls in tandem. If only one tamping roll traverses each point on the surface of the layer on any
one pass of the machine, the minimum number of passes shall be twice the number given in Table 6/4 plus
any further doubling required to satisfy (ii) above.
(vi) For pneumatic-tyred rollers the mass per wheel is the total mass of the roller divided by the number of
wheels. In assessing the number of passes of pneumatic-tyred rollers the effective width shall be the sum of
the widths of the individual wheel tracks together with the sum of the spacings between the wheel tracks
provided that each spacing does not exceed 230 mm. Where the spacings exceed 230 mm the effective
width shall be the sum of the widths of the individual wheel tracks only.
(vii) A vibratory tamping roller, which may be self-propelled or towed, is a machine having a means of applying
mechanical vibration to one or more rolls. The roll or rolls have projecting feet where the height of each
foot exceeds 10% of the radius of the roll drum, the projected end area of each foot exceeds 0.1% of the
roll drum surface area, and the sum of the areas of the feet exceeds 10% of the area of the cylinder swept
by the ends of the feet.
The requirements for the operation of vibratory tamping rollers shall be the same as those stated for
vibratory rollers in sub-Clause (viii) except that vibratory tamping rollers operating without vibration will
be classified as deadweight tamping rollers.
(viii) Vibratory rollers are self-propelled or towed smooth-wheeled rollers having means of applying mechanical
vibration to one or more rolls except that vibratory rollers employed for Method 5 compaction shall be
single roll types.
Vibratory rollers operating without vibration will be classified as smooth-wheeled rollers.
The requirements for vibratory rollers are based on the use of the lowest gear on a self-propelled machine
with mechanical transmission and a speed of 1.5 to 2.5 km/h for a towed machine, or a self-propelled
machine with hydrostatic transmission. If higher gears or speeds are used an increased number of passes
shall be provided in proportion to the increase in speed of travel.
Wherethe mechanical vibration is applied totwo rolls intandem, the minimumnumber of passes shall be half
the number given in Table6/4 for the appropriate mass per metre width of one vibrating roll but if one roll differs
in mass per metre width from the other the number of passes shall be calculated as for the roll with the smallest
value.Alternativelytheminimumnumberofpassesmaybedeterminedbytreatingthemachineas having a
single vibrating roll with a mass per metre width equal to that of the roll with the higher value.
Vibratory rollers shall be operated with their vibratory mechanism operating only at the frequency of
vibration recommended by the manufacturers. Where more than one amplitude setting is available and/ or a
range of frequencies is recommended, the machine shall be operated at the maximum amplitude setting and
at the maximum recommended frequency for that setting.
Vibratory rollers shall be equipped or provided with devices indicating the frequency at which the
mechanism is operating and the speed of travel. Both devices shall be capable of being read by an inspector
alongside the machine.
(ix) Vibrating-plate compactors are machines having a base-plate to which is attached a source of vibration
consisting of one or two eccentrically weighted shafts and:
(a) the mass per square metre of the base-plate of a vibrating-plate compactor is calculated by dividing
the total mass of the machine in its working condition by its area in contact with compacted material;
(b) vibrating-plate compactors shall be operated at the frequency of vibration recommended by the
manufacturers. They shall normally be operated at travelling speeds of less than 1 km/h but if higher speeds
are necessary the number of passes shall be increased in proportion to the increase in speed of travel.
(x) Vibro-tampers are machines in which an engine-driven reciprocating mechanism acts on a spring system
through which oscillations are set up in a base-plate.
(xi) Power rammers are machines which are actuated by explosions in an internal combustion cylinder, each
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15 Field dry density shall be measured in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9. Where nuclear methods are used, the
gauge shall be calibrated in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9 and contract specific Appendix 6/3.
Continuous Compaction Control
16 For HSR-supporting earthworks and earthworks that could impact HSR, continuous compaction control (CCC)
shall be used in accordance with PD CEN/TS 17006:2016 “Earthworks – Continuous Compaction Control (CCC)” with
the following specific requirements:
(a) In PD CEN/TS 17006:2016, where ‘contractor’ is used this shall refer to the earthworks contractor, and
where ‘supervisor’ is used it shall refer to the Contractor in this specification.
(b) The absolute positional accuracy shall be better than 0.10 m vertically.
(c) CCC plant shall be Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-enabled and shall record positional data
correlated with the compaction and stiffness data.
(d) CCC shall be used on all layers placed.
(e) CCC shall be used for QC and QA purposes in all fills (Section 10 of PD CEN/TS 17006:2016).
(f) For all fills, CCC shall be used at least for weak area analysis and documentation (Section 8 of PD CEN/TS
17006:2016).
(g) For granular fills, the Contractor shall undertake compaction trials of proposed materials to confirm the
viability of using CCC with calibration for indirect continuous density and stiffness control (Section 7 of
PD CEN/TS 17006:2016), and where viable, this method shall be deployed.
(h) When using CCC with calibration for indirect continuous density and stiffness control, the Contractor shall:
i. Calibrate CCC following Section 7.4 of PD CEN/TS 17006:2016 but with the following tests for every
10m of compaction lane: one static plate load test, one density test, one moisture content test, one
specific gravity test;
ii. Validate the correlations derived from trials by calibration with conventional earthworks testing at least
once for every 10,000m3 of each material type and/or source placed in to the permanent earthworks;
iii. Adopt modified regression requirements of Section 7.5.2 of PD CEN/TS 17006:2016 as shown in
Table 612/1. Where these are not achieved, but r≥0.7, the correlation shall be determined to give a
cautious estimate of the desired parameter. Where r<0.7, this method of CCC shall not be used, as per
PD CEN/TS 17006:2016.
iv. Evaluate acceptance criteria using the weighted fall-below areas method (Annex B3, PD CEN/TS
17006:2016) using the acceptance parameters presented in Table 612/1.
(i) (P05) CCC shall be used as close to structures as is reasonably practicable; in the small areas where CCC is
not used, the Contractor shall demonstrate to the Contractor’s Engineering Director and the Project
Manager that the specified performance requirements have been achieved by other means.
Table 612/1
Regression coefficient, r Decision limit, q Mean fall-below ratio, U
Type of earthwork (Section 7.5.2, PD (Annex B3, PD CEN/TS (Annex B3, PD CEN/TS
CEN/TS 17006:2016) 17006:2016) 17006:2016)
material throughout its depth laid in one or more layers of compacted thickness complying with Clause 612, or be formed of
not more than two elements of different capping materials. Each element shall be formed of one or more layers of the same
capping material, each of compacted thickness complying with Clause 612. Class 9D or 9E stabilised capping material shall
not be placed or constructed above. Class 6F granular capping material or Class 6S granular filter layer material.
4 Where required in contract specific Appendix 6/7, before commencing the construction of capping in the
permanent works, the Contractor shall demonstrate the methods, equipment and materials he proposes to use by
constructing an area, or areas as appropriate, of capping on a typical prepared sub-formation to the same thickness as
required in the permanent works. The area of each capping construction demonstration shall be not less than 700 m².
5 (P05) The materials placed during the demonstration may form part of the permanent works, provided they meet the
requirements of the contract, or the demonstration may be carried out elsewhere on the site where this is detailed in contract
specific Appendix 6/7. After completion of each demonstration area the Contractor shall within a period of not greater
than 5 days and before commencing the main construction of the appropriate capping in the permanent works, carry out
tests on each demonstration area and provide the Contractor’s Engineering Director with records for acceptance
substantiating compliance with the stipulated criteria of contract specific Appendix 6/7. Where required by contract
specific Appendix 6/7 the Contractor shall provide sheeting, to protect the demonstration area.
6 The demonstration area shall, if it does not meet the requirements for the permanent works or is located elsewhere
on site, be removed and the area reinstated in accordance with contract specific Appendix 6/7.
7 The methods and materials used in the accepted demonstration shall not be changed during the course of the works
without the construction of a further demonstration where such demonstrations are required by contract specific Appendix
6/7.
8 Unless otherwise stated in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the sub-formation shall have the same longitudinal
gradient, crossfall and surface level tolerances as the formation.
9 The Contractor shall limit any unprotected area of sub-formation, which is to receive capping to suit the output of
the plant in use and the rate of deposition of capping.
10 No unprotected sub-formation which is to receive capping shall remain continuously exposed to rain causing
degradation, nor be left uncovered overnight.
11 In cuttings the Contractor shall, as permitted or required in contract specific Appendix 6/7 carry out one of the
following procedures:
(i) for Class 6F granular capping material or Class 6S granular filter layer material, excavate below formation
level to a depth to accept the capping, trim the surface to form the sub-formation and immediately compact
with one pass of a smooth-wheeled roller having a mass per m width of roll not less than 2,100 kg or a
vibratory roller having a mass per m width of roll not less than 700 kg or a vibrating plate compactor
having a mass per m² of not less than 1,400 kg, except that only smooth
wheeled rollers shall be used on Class 3 chalk material, and immediately deposit and compact above it a
capping in Class 6F granular capping material or Class 6S granular filter layer material; or
(ii) for Class 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E or 9F capping material construct the capping by stabilising the intact material,
providing it complies with Class 6E, 6R 7E, 7F, 7G or 7I material requirements, immediately below
formation to form Class 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E or 9F material, respectively; or
(iii) excavate below formation to sufficient depth to enable stabilisation of intact Class 6E, 6R, 7E, 7F, 7G or 7I
material to be carried out, to produce Class 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D 9E or 9F material forming the lower element of
the capping (after stabilisation of this element, the capping shall be completed by depositing a further layer
or layers of Class 6E, 6R 7E, 7F, 7G, or 7I material and stabilising it to form Class 9A,
9B, 9C, 9D, 9E or 9F capping or depositing and compacting Class 6F granular capping material to form the
upper element of the capping); or
(iv) excavate to sub-formation level and deposit material complying with Classes 6E, 6R, 7E, 7F, 7G, or 7I to be
stabilised to form a capping of Class 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E or 9F layers.
Where a stabilised layer is directly overlain by Class 6F granular capping material the stabilised layer shall be
compacted as for a sub-formation in 11(i) above.
12 On embankments and other areas of fill the Contractor shall, as permitted or required in contract specific Appendix
6/7 carry out one of the following procedures:
(i) complete the embankment to form the sub-formation or remove any sacrificial protection layer and trim the
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surface to form the sub-formation, and in both cases compact with one pass of a smooth-wheeled roller
having
a mass per m width of not less than 2,100 kg or a vibratory roller of not less than 700 kg per m width or a
vibrating plate compactor having a mass per m² of not less than 1,400 kg, (except that only smooth-
wheeled rollers shall be used on Class 3 chalk material) and immediately construct above it, in one or more
layers, Class 6F granular capping material or Class 6S granular filter layer material; or
(ii) construct the embankment to sufficient height and carry out stabilisation to form a capping of Class 9A,
9B, 9C, 9D, 9E or 9F material in one or more layers utilising where appropriate any sacrificial protection
layer previously constructed; or
(iii) for multi-element capping, incorporating stabilised material, construct the embankment to sufficient height
to carry out the work described in 12(ii) above and immediately construct above it one or more layers of
Class 6F granular capping material.
Where a stabilised layer is directly overlain by Class 6F granular capping material the stabilised layer shall be compacted
as for a sub-formation in 12(i) above.
13 For Class 6F3 material Optimum Moisture Content shall be determined according to BS 1377: Part 4 Method 3.7
(vibrating hammer test). Measurements of moisture content both for control purposes and for optimum moisture content
determination shall be according to BS 1377: Part 2 Method 3 (oven dry method) but using an oven on a reduced
temperature setting of 45 to 50°C.
14 Filter layers constructed of Class 6S granular filter layer material shall be protected from damage by traffic and
construction plant. The Contractor shall so organise work that only the traffic directly engaged in depositing, spreading
and compacting the filter layer shall be permitted access to the surface of this layer. At no time shall the Contractor permit
the leading edge of the filter layer to extend more than 100 metres beyond the leading edge of the succeeding layer of
subbase.
15 Design CBR values and capping thickness at each location is dependent on the actual materials forming the sub-
formation. They may vary in extent from those interpreted in the ground investigation. The Contractor shall ensure that
the CBR meets the design requirements.
mixing and compaction to be achieved. Any added water shall be through an integral spray-bar on the stabilising machine.
Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4, when tested in accordance with Test No. 1
of TRL report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
9 The stabilising machine shall be equipped with a device for controlling the depth of processing which shall be
maintained at the correct setting at all times. An overlap of 150 mm shall be made between adjacent passes of the
stabilising machine. Where a subsequent layer of material is placed on a layer previously stabilised the tines or blades of
the stabilising machine shall be set so that they cut into the previously stabilised layer below by at least 20 mm.
10 Each layer of Class 9A, 9B or 9C processed material shall be compacted as soon as possible after the final pass of
the stabilising machine. Compaction shall be completed within 2 hours following the mixing of the cement into the
material to be stabilised. Immediately before compaction Class 9B processed material shall have a Moisture Condition
Value (MCV) of not greater than 12 nor less than the figure stated in contract specific Appendix 6/1 for Class 9B cement
stabilised material, both as determined in accordance with Clause 632. Water shall be added if necessary in a uniform
manner to enable this MCV requirement to be met. Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l
as SO4 when tested in accordance with Test No. 1 of TRL report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special
Digest 1).
11 The compaction of each layer of Class 9A or 9B material shall comply with Clause 612, Table 6/4 Method 6 or
Method 7 respectively, except that if layers of Class 9A or 9B greater than 250 mm thickness are to be constructed, the
number of passes of the compaction plant shall be determined from the results of a demonstration area as detailed in
contract specific Appendix 6/7.
12 The compaction of Class 9C material shall comply with Clause 612, end product compaction, to satisfy the
compaction requirements given in Table 6/1 of this Class.
13 Class 9A, 9B and 9C materials shall be cured in accordance with Clause 1035. During periods when the air
temperature is forecast to drop below 3°C or when ground frost is forecast Class 9A, 9B and 9C material shall be
protected, to prevent freezing, for a period of 7 days from the time of completion of compaction. Such protection shall be
sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture.
14 Class 9A, 9B and 9C materials shall not have other material deposited or compacted above them until such time as
the required bearing ratio in contract specific Appendix 6/1 has been achieved. The relaxation allowed in sub-Clause 617.2
shall not apply before this time.
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8 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/7 lime stabilisation shall be carried out only during the
months of March to September inclusive and when the shade temperature is not below 7°C. Only when the specified
bearing ratio is attainable at a shade temperature less than 7°C, may lime stabilisation be carried out at such lower
temperature. Lime stabilisation shall be suspended if rainfall will have an adverse effect on the material being stabilised.
The spreading of lime shall not be carried out in a manner or under conditions that will result in lime being blown from the
site onto adjacent land or property.
9 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the material forming the layers to be stabilised shall
be processed by pulverising and mixing in the lime by means of sufficient number of passes of a suitable mobile
stabilising machine until 95% of the Class 9D processed material passes a BS 28 mm sieve after dry sieving and the
pulverisation complies with Table 6/1.
10 During processing sufficient water shall be available in the material to slake the quicklime (if used) and to enable
satisfactory mixing and compaction to be achieved. Any added water shall be through an integral spray- bar on the
stabilising machine. Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in
accordance with Test No. 1 of TRL report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
11 The layer shall receive at least two passes of the stabilising machine to pulverise and mix the lime and soil, after
which the processing shall be interrupted by a period of not less than 24 hours and not greater than 72 hours, to enable the
lime to react with the soil. Before this period commences the surface of the layer shall be sealed with one pass of a smooth
wheeled roller having a mass per metre width of roll of not less than 2700 kg or a pneumatic tyred roller of not less than
1000 kg per wheel. At the end of this period the layer shall receive one further pass of the stabilising machine or more if
required to enable the material to comply with sub-Clauses 9 and 13 of this Clause, adding water uniformly if necessary.
Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in accordance with Test No. 1
of TRL report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
12 The stabilising machine shall be equipped with a device for controlling the depth of processing which shall be
maintained at the correct setting at all times. An overlap of 150 mm shall be made between adjacent passes of the stabilising
machine. Where a subsequent layer of material is placed on a layer previously stabilised the tines or blades of the stabilising
machine shall be set so that they cut into the previously stabilised layer below by at least 20 mm.
13 Each layer of Class 9D processed material shall be compacted as soon as possible after the final pass of the
stabilising machine. Immediately before compaction the processed material shall have a Moisture Condition Value (MCV)
of not greater than nor less than the figures stated in contract specific Appendix 6/1, for Class 9D lime stabilised material,
both as determined in accordance with Clause 632.
14 If there is a delay following the final pass and before commencement of compaction the surface shall be sealed by not
less than 2 passes of a smooth-wheeled roller having a mass per metre width of not less than 2,700 kg or of a pneumatic tyred
roller of not less than 1,000 kg mass per wheel. On recommencement and before compaction the layer shall be re-processed
without the addition of lime, by a sufficient number of passes of the stabilising machine to meet the MCV requirements of
sub-Clause 13 of this Clause adding water uniformly if necessary.
15 The compaction of each layer shall comply with Clause 612, Table 6/4 Method 7 except that if layers more than
250 mm thick are constructed the number of passes of the compaction plant shall be those determined from results
obtained on a demonstration area as detailed in contract specific Appendix 6/7.
16 Class 9D material shall not have other material deposited or compacted above it until such time as the required
bearing ratio in contract specific Appendix 6/1 has been achieved. The relaxation allowed in sub-Clause 617.2 shall not
apply before this time.
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highway earthworks this additional compaction shall for this purpose be assumed to be as for a layer of
250 mm finished thickness compacted in compliance with Clause 612 and Table 6/4 Method 6 except for
Class 3 materials where Method 4 shall be used. For HSR earthworks the compaction should be sufficient to
satisfy the compaction requirements detailed in Table 6/1. Immediately after the additional compaction the
formation shall be trimmed to achieve the tolerances of this sub-Clause.
Table 616/1 Tolerances
Earthwork Element Surface Tolerance
Formation (Highways) +20mm/-30mm
Prepared Subgrade (HSR) +10mm/-30mm
Upper Embankment Fill (HSR) +20mm/-30mm
Lower Embankment Fill (HSR) +20mm/-30mm
Starter Layer +20mm/-30mm
Foundation +20mm/-30mm
2 Where the tolerances in sub-Clause 1 of this Clause are exceeded, the Contractor shall determine the full extent of
the area which is out of tolerance and shall make good the formation as follows:
(i) if the surface is too high it shall be re-trimmed and re-compacted in compliance with Clause 612 and sub-
Clause 1 of this Clause;
(ii) if the surface is too low it shall be corrected by the addition of acceptable material complying with Table
6/1 having characteristics and strength matching the overlain material, deposited and compacted in
compliance with Clause 608 and 612 and sub-Clause 1 of this Clause. In cohesive materials Classes 2 and
7, where this low surface is less than 150 mm below formation, material shall be removed to a depth of at
least 150 mm below formation before the additional material is deposited and compacted.
3 After trimming, or re-trimming if necessary, the formation shall be rolled with one pass of a smooth wheeled roller
having a mass per metre width of roll not less than 2100 kg or, except for Class 3 material, a vibratory roller having a mass
per metre width of vibrating roll of not less than 700 kg or a vibrating plate compactor having a mass per m² under the
base plate of not less than 1,400 kg.
4 Where required in contract specific Appendix 6/7 or 6/7HSR or where the tolerances in sub-Clause 1 of this Clause
cannot be achieved in the preparation of formation in rock then one of the following shall be carried out so as to achieve
the above tolerances:
(i) the material shall be excavated below formation to the depth described in contract specific Appendix 6/7 or
6/7HSR. For highways earthworks the excavated material shall be processed as described in contract
specific Appendix 6/7 and re- deposited and compacted in compliance with Clauses 608 and 612 and Table
6/4 Method 6 in compacted layers not greater than 250 mm thick. For HSR earthworks the excavated
material shall be processed as described in contract specific Appendix 6/7HSR and re- deposited and
compacted in compliance with the compaction requirements of Table 6/1 in compacted layers not greater
than 250 mm thick; or
(ii) where the rock surface is tabular it shall be regulated by depositing and compacting cement bound material
as described in contract specific Appendix 6/7 or 6/7HSR, complying with the 1000 Series, or ST1 concrete
to Clause 2602.
5 The Contractor shall limit any areas of completed formation to suit the output of plant in use and the rate of
deposition. No formation of cohesive material Classes 2 and 7 shall remain continuously exposed to rain causing
degradation or be left uncovered overnight.
6 The preparation of formation on existing sub-base material (highways) shall be completed as described in contract
specific Appendix 6/7.
Protection Layer
7 The Protection Layer shall, after completion of any subgrade drainage, and immediately prior to installing the
hydraulically bound layer or ballast on areas of completed Protection Layer, have a surface level tolerance defined in
Table 616/2 relative to its designed level after completion of the following operations as necessary:
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(i) Any sacrificial protection layer shall be removed and any soft or damaged areas shall be rectified by
excavating them and replacing with acceptable material having the same characteristics and strength as the
surrounding material. The surface of the formation shall be trimmed and immediately cleaned free from mud and
slurry which shall be dealt with as unacceptable material in accordance with sub-Clause 601.2.
(ii) If granular the Protection Layer shall immediately be compacted, in addition to the compaction required
for the fill. This additional compaction should be sufficient to satisfy the compaction requirements detailed in
Table 6/1. Immediately after the additional compaction the formation shall be trimmed to achieve the tolerances
of this sub-Clause.
Table 616/2 Tolerances
618 Topsoiling
1 (P05) Topsoiling requirements are detailed in Series 3000 Landscape and Ecology, Series 3000 contract specific
appendices, Series 3100 Soil Handling for Land Restoration and the relevant Soil Resource Plan or Soil Management
Plan. All engineered slopes requiring topsoil fall under the requirements of ‘seeding for landscape’ as set out in Section 8
of Technical Standard – Landscape Maintenance, Management and Monitoring Plan (HS2-HS2-EV-STD-000-000023).
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2 Earthwork environmental bunds formed of reinforced or anchored earth shall be constructed in compliance with
Clauses 2502 and 622.
3 Earthwork environmental bunds formed of strengthened embankments shall be constructed in accordance with
Clause 621.
4 Where required in contract specific Appendix 6/9 earthwork environmental bunds shall be topsoiled in accordance
with Clause 618 and seeded, or turfed, all in accordance with Series 3000.
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uncompacted) be end-product compacted in compliance with Clause 612 and Table 6/1, except that the compacted layers
shall not exceed 150 mm thickness. The compaction and testing requirements for Class 6K lower bedding and Class 6M
surround materials shall also comply with any additional requirements given in contract specific Appendix 6/3.
5 As far as possible, the Class 6K lower bedding material shall be shaped to fit the invert such that it supports 20%
of the circumference of circular structures or the whole of the portion of circumference occupied by the bottom plates of
multi-radii structures. In the case of structures of span less than 3 m where this cannot be met and the structure is erected
on a flat or partially preshaped bedding, care shall be taken to ensure that the lower bedding material is properly placed
and compacted under the haunches. A uniform layer of uncompacted Class 6L upper bedding material shall be deposited
before the placing of any part of the steel structure, over the whole width of the shaped lower bedding material and shall be
of sufficient depth to fill the corrugations of the underside of the structure.
6 Class 6M surround material shall be used for filling all excavations above the bedding, except those in hard
material for which Class 6K lower bedding material shall be used throughout. Additional requirements for making good
are given in Clause 604.
7 Class 6M surround material shall be deposited and compacted uniformly on either side of the structure. The
maximum difference in fill level on opposite sides of the structure shall be no more than 250mm at all times unless
otherwise permitted in contract specific Appendix 6/3.
8 Class 6M surround material shall be deposited and compacted in accordance with sub-Clause 4 of this Clause,
above the concrete foundations of arch-profile corrugated steel buried structures.
9 Class 6M surround material under the structure shall be well compacted by hand using a suitably sized pole or
length of rectangular timber between the corrugations, or by another suitable method.
10 Plant for compaction of Class 6M surround material within 1 m of either side of the structure and up to a height of
1 m, or one fifth of the span if greater, above the crown, shall be restricted to the following items, as described in sub-
Clause 612.10 and listed in Table 6/4:
(i) vibratory rollers having a mass per metre width of roll not exceeding 750 kg;
(ii) vibrating plate compactors having mass not exceeding 750 kg;
(iii) vibro-tampers.
11 Fill placed above the level of the crown of the structure, including Class 6M surround material, shall be deposited,
spread and compacted in such a manner that any out of balance forces transmitted to the culvert are kept to a minimum.
This will require that trafficking by construction plant is not all in one direction and that the compacted surface of the fill
is kept as near horizontal as practicable.
12 During all operations of filling, compaction, road pavement construction and of any other traffic movements which
affect the shape of the structure, the changes in the horizontal and vertical diameters of the structure shall not exceed ± 5%
for circular structures and ± 2% for structures of other cross-sections. The longitudinal straightness over any 10 m length
of the structure shall not deviate by more than 25 mm, and the rotational displacement in any 10 m length of structure shall
not be greater than 25 mm.
13 Only that compaction plant described in sub-Clause 10 of this Clause, shall be used in the vicinity of the structure
unless the depth of compacted Class 6M surround material placed above the crown of the structure is more than 1 m, or
one fifth of the span, whichever is the greater. The structure shall not be subjected to a surcharge greater than the depth of
fill required in the contract and permitted depth of any sacrificial protection layer given in contract specific Appendix 6/3.
14 No material shall be placed by tipping either onto the structure or within a distance on either side of the structure of
2 m or half the span of the structure, whichever is the greater.
15 Method compaction shall be used for the overlying fill (Classes 6Q and 7H) according to Clause 612; the method
used being that for the corresponding general fill in Table 6/1.
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3 Ground Anchors shall have at least triple corrosion protection to ensure that the design life of 120 years is
achieved.
626 Gabions
1 Gabions shall be manufactured and constructed in compliance with this Clause and with requirements stated in
contract specific Appendix 6/10. Gabion units shall be assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Gabions shall not be used to support HSR track loads, conventional railway loads or highway carriageways.
2 Unless otherwise stated in contract specific Appendix 6/10 they shall be filled with Class 6G material complying
with Table 6/1. The grading of fill shall be as described in Appendix 6/10, the maximum size of fill material shall not
exceed two thirds of the minimum dimension of the gabion compartment or 200mm whichever is smaller and the
minimum size of the fill material shall be not less than the size of the mesh opening.
Gabion units shall be filled to fully achieve the required minimum cage density and compaction of fill. At no point before,
during or after filling shall the cage be deformed by working methods or in use loading. The required cage density shall be
as stated in contract specific Appendix 6/10. Internal tie wires shall be inserted and units shall be tensioned in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions. Gabion units shall be constructed so as to maintain tightness of mesh and shall be
laced securely with wire, complying with sub-Clause 3 of this Clause.
3 (P05) Gabion wire mesh units shall be woven steel wire conforming to BS EN 10223-3 or welded steel mesh
conforming to BS EN 10223-8. The Contractor shall submit documentary evidence to the Contractor’s Engineering
Director to demonstrate compliance of the gabion units at least four weeks prior to the commencement of gabion work.
Documentation that demonstrates compliance with a product acceptance scheme as described in Clause 104 sub- Clauses
15 and 16 can be supplied to meet this requirement where the scheme demonstrates that the gabion units meet the level of
performance required by the specification.
Unless otherwise stated in contract specific Appendix 6/10 the site environment level shall be High Aggressive: C4; and
the Assumed Working Life shall be 120 years or greater. Coating requirements for all wire shall be as required by Tables 1
and A.1 of BS EN 10223-3 and BS EN 10223-8.
4 Unless otherwise stated in contract specific Appendix 6/10 woven steel gabions shall be of mesh designation 6x8 or
8x10 with minimum wire diameter of 2.7mm.
5 Unless otherwise stated in contract specific Appendix 6/10 welded mesh shall be 3mm to 5mm diameter bars with
the mesh size 75mm x 75mm maximum.
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12 Ground treatment by vibrated stone columns can use either the wet or dry process. The former method is more
appropriate in weak silts and clay soils.
13 Where the wet process is used, the vibrator must be kept in the hole continuously during backfilling in order to
ensure the stability of the walls of the hole.
14 Where the dry process is used, the ground to be treated must be sufficiently strong to keep the hole open until the
backfilling process is complete. The Contractor shall demonstrate that the hole is kept open whilst backfilling takes place,
ensuring clean placement of a vibrated stone column from the base of the hole to the working surface. Alternatively, the
Contractor shall demonstrate that he has plant and equipment which allow feeding of backfill material to the base of the
hole without removing the vibrator.
15 Where vibrated stone columns are proposed under HSR, an instrumented trial shall be undertaken prior to
construction of the main works to demonstrate compliance with the end-performance requirements.
Other Methods
16 Other methods of ground improvement shall be carried out where required in contract specific Appendix 6/13 and
as described therein.
17 Where shallow soil mixing is proposed, the Contractor shall carry out sufficient laboratory tests with particular
reference to binder mixes to demonstrate compliance with heave tolerances in the Technical Standard – Earthworks (HS2-
HS2-GT-STD-000-000001).
18 Where surcharging, wick drains or vacuum consolidation are proposed the Contractor shall undertake appropriate
monitoring to record the responses of the underlying strata including settlement and changes in pore water pressure. The
Contractor should allow sufficient contingency in planning and placement, for lost/damaged instruments.
19 Soil nails used as permanent works shall have at least triple corrosion protection to ensure that the design life of
120 years is achieved. Self-drilling soil nails into HSR earthworks shall not be permitted.
20 Results from soil nail pull out tests in accordance with BS EN 14490 shall be provided within the project records
after verification of the test.
21 Where grouting is proposed as part of the ground improvement strategy, reference shall be made to the Series 4071
on grouting.
22 Not used.
Testing of Ground Treatment
23 Testing of ground shall be undertaken for control purposes prior to treatment, during the treatment and on completion
of the ground treatment in accordance with contract specific Appendix 6/13. The performance criteria for treated ground
are given in contract specific Appendix 6/13.
24 Improvement in treated ground shall be measured in accordance with the criteria stated in contract specific
Appendix 6/13.
Types of Test
25 The following tests or alternatives permitted in contract specific Appendix 6/13 shall be carried out at the positions
and frequency given in contract specific Appendix 6/13. For HSR earthworks, the types of test shall also include those
required by the Technical Standard - Earthworks (HS2-HS2-GT-STD-000-000001).
Plate tests
26 Plate bearing tests for non-HSR earthworks are loading tests carried out using a plate on treated ground. The test
is described in BS 1377: Part 9: 1990 Method 4.1. Plate loading tests for HSR earthworks to derive Ev2 values shall be
in accordance with Clause 612.14.
Zone Tests
27 Zone tests are loading tests carried out with a slab, intended to test bearing pressure over a wider and deeper zone
than in the plate tests. The test is described in BS 1377: Part 9: 1990 Method 4.2.
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Penetration Tests
28 In granular soils the static cone (Dutch cone) penetration test, the standard penetration test (SPT) or dynamic cone
penetration tests shall be employed as described in contract specific Appendix 6/13.
Trial Areas
29 Trial areas are to be treated and tested where required in contract specific Appendix 6/13. Trial areas which meet
the performance requirements may form part of the permanent works.
30 Equipment and materials used in trial areas shall be identical to those proposed for the permanent works.
31 Testing in trial areas shall be carried out as given in contract specific Appendix 6/13.
32 Detailed reports shall be prepared for all testing as defined in Table 6/6 and contract specific Appendix 6/13.
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636 Determination of Effective Angle of Internal Friction (φ') and Effective Cohesion (c') of
Earthworks Materials
1 The effective angle of internal friction φ' and effective cohesion c' shall be determined by shear box or triaxial tests
as required in Table 6/1 and contract specific Appendix 6/1. Unless otherwise required in contract specific Appendix 6/1,
the tests shall be in accordance with the requirements in sub-Clauses 2 to 6 of this Clause.
Shear Box Tests
2 For Classes 6N, 6P, 6I and 6J granular materials, the tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1377: Part 7
and the following:
(i) The plan size of the shear box shall be nominally 300 mm square.
(ii) Three samples shall be tested, each sample occupying the full depth of the shear box and shall be
compacted at the optimum moisture content to a dry density of 92% ± 2% of the maximum dry density
determined in accordance with BS 1377: Part 4 using the vibrating hammer method. The samples shall not
be immersed in water.
(iii) Each of the samples shall be subjected to a different normal stress equal to the maximum vertical pressure
in the fill at the base, quarter height and mid-height of the structure respectively. Each of the samples shall
be sheared in a single stage test within one hour of compaction and the rate of shearing shall be such that no
pore water pressure is generated.
(iv) The values of c' and φ' reported shall be those corresponding to the maximum strength envelope.
3 For Classes 7A, 7C and 7D cohesive materials, the tests shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1377: Part 7 and
the following:
(i) The shear boxes shall be nominally 300 mm square and nominally 60 mm square.
(ii) For the initial determination of fill properties three samples shall be tested in each size of shear box. The
samples shall occupy the full depth of the shear box and shall be compacted at the optimum moisture
content to a dry density of 92% ± 2% of the maximum dry density determined in accordance with BS 1377:
Part 4 using the 4.5 kg rammer method. To allow the samples to soften, the shear box assembly shall then
be immersed in water for a minimum period of 24 hours.
(iii) Each of the three samples in a set shall be subjected to a different effective normal stress equal to the
maximum vertical pressure in the fill at the base, quarter height and mid-height of the structure
respectively. Normal stresses shall be applied to the softened sample for a minimum period of 24 hours
prior to shearing in a single stage test. The rate of shearing shall be such that no pore water pressure is
generated.
(iv) The values of c' and φ' reported shall be those corresponding to the maximum strength envelope.
(v) The test results obtained using the 300 mm square box shall be taken as the properties of the fill. The
initial test results obtained using the 60 mm square box shall be used for the subsequent quality control of
the fill.
4 For Class 7B pulverised-fuel ash material, the procedure shall be as for sub-Clause 3 of this Clause except that:
(i) The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content shall be determined in accordance with BS 1377:
Part 4 using the 2.5 kg rammer method.
(ii) An additional sample in each set shall be subjected to an effective normal stress equal to the maximum
vertical pressure in the fill at three quarters of the height of the structure or the lowest attainable normal
stress, whichever is the greater.
(iii) As soon as the shear box has been filled and the sample compacted, the normal stress shall be applied and
the sample immersed in water. This concurrent loading and immersion of the sample shall continue for a
period of 24 hours and the sample shall then be sheared without further delay.
Triaxial Tests
5 Where Class 7A cohesive fill to structures is to be tested by a consolidated drained triaxial test, the test shall be in
accordance with BS 1377: Part 8 using the sample size and preparation procedure in Clause 633 and the requirements of
contract specific Appendix 6/1.
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637 Determination of Resistivity (rs) to Assess Corrosivity of Soil, Rock or Earthworks Materials
Method of Test
1 Where the resistivity of the ground or of material to be used in the permanent works is required to be determined,
this shall be obtained by in situ tests as described in sub-Clause 2 of this Clause or, when required in contract specific
Appendix 6/1, by laboratory tests on samples in accordance with BS 1377: Part 3.
In Situ Resistivity Tests
2 In situ resistivity shall be determined at the site of the structure or the cutting or the proposed borrow pit or on
stockpiles in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9 and the requirements of contract specific Appendix 6/1.
3 (P05) Details of the area and volume of material to be tested shall be made available to the Contractor’s Engineering
Director together with the arrangement of electrodes in each test. The Contractor’s Engineering Director shall be given
notice of the date, time and location of each test.
4 At any test location, at each selected depth, two measurements shall be made such that the electrode alignment for
the second measurement is approximately at right angles to the electrode alignment for the first measurement.
5 At any test location, the first selected depth shall be no more than 1.5 m below the ground surface or no more than
1.5 m below the upper surface of the material to be tested, whichever is appropriate. Following the measurements at the
first selected depth, further measurements shall be made at selected depths increasing by approximately 2 m each time
until measurements have been carried out on the full depth of ground or material to be tested.
6 (P05) Where the depth of material to be tested is too great to be tested from the surface within the confines of the
site, the Contractor shall undertake all necessary arrangements for testing such material, including subsequent tests which
may be required at a lower level following excavation. Details of his arrangements shall be made available to the
Contractor’s Engineering Director.
638 Determination of Redox Potential (Eh) to Assess Corrosivity of Earthworks Materials for
Reinforced Soil and Anchored Earth Structures
Method of Test
1 Where the redox potential of material to be incorporated into reinforced earth or anchored earth structures is
required to be determined, this shall be obtained by in situ tests as described in sub-Clauses 2 to 6 of this Clause or, when
required in contract specific Appendix 6/1, by laboratory tests on samples in accordance with BS 1377: Part 3.
In Situ Redox Potential Tests
2 In situ redox potential shall be determined in undisturbed ground at the site of the cutting or the proposed borrow pit
or on stockpiles in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9 and the requirements of contract specific Appendix 6/1.
3 (P05) Details of the area and volume of material to be tested shall be made available to the Contractor’s Engineering
Director together with the locations of the test pits.
4 (P05) The Contractor’s Engineering Director shall be given notice of the date, time and location of each test.
5 At each test location the tests shall be carried out in a test pit not less than 600 mm square in plan excavated to a
depth given in contract specific Appendix 6/1.
6 At each test location, a sample shall be taken from the base of the excavation and kept in a hermetically sealed
container for determining the pH value of the fill which shall be obtained in accordance with BS 1377: Part 3.
639 Determination of Coefficient of Friction and Adhesion Between Fill and Reinforcing Elements
or Anchor Elements for Reinforced Soil and Anchored Earth Structures
Reinforcing Elements
1 The coefficient of friction and the adhesion shall be determined by tests carried out in a 300 mm size shear box
with the element material fixed at the top of the lower half of the box and the fill sample occupying the top half only.
2 The test shall be carried out following the procedure given in Clause 636 for the determination of the effective angle
of internal friction and effective cohesion of earthworks materials except that:
(i) The apparatus shall in addition include a steel block fitting closely inside the lower half of the shear box
and equal in height to it less the thickness of the reinforcing element material. (The flat toothed grid fitting
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641 Determination of Available Lime Content of Lime for Lime Stabilised Capping or HSR
Earthworks Material
1 Contract compliance testing shall be carried out by the Contractor to determine the available lime content of lime as
installed for lime or lime and cement stabilised capping or HSR Earthworks. This compliance testing shall be carried out
in accordance with BS EN 459-2 except that the sample increments shall be taken from the collecting tray used to check
the rate of spread at intervals of one increment per 500 m per lane.
2 The available lime content shall be determined as required by BS EN 459-2, it shall be reported and categorised as
required in BS EN 459-1.
642 Determination of the Constrained Soil Modulus (M*) of Earthworks Materials for Corrugated
Steel Buried structures (non-HSR Earthworks Only)
General
1 When required in contract specific Appendix 6/1, the constrained soil modulus M* shall be determined by one of
the following methods:
(i) From plate loading tests in accordance with BS 1377: Part 9.
(ii) From the results of Standard Penetration resistance tests (SPT) on non-cohesive materials in accordance
with BS 1377: Part 9.
(iii) From the values of the coefficient of volume compressibility (mv) from one-dimensional consolidation tests
on undisturbed soil specimens of cohesive materials, in accordance with BS 1377: Part 5.
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643 Lime and Cement Stabilisation to Form Capping (non-HSR Earthworks Only)
1 Where capping is to consist of, either wholly or in part, lime and cement stabilised material Class 9E or 9F, this
Clause shall apply to the construction of those parts which are stabilised with lime and cement.
2 Material to be stabilised with lime and cement shall be Class 6R or 7I material all complying with Clause 601 and
Table 6/1.
3 The form of lime used for lime and cement stabilisation shall be as required in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the
lime shall conform to BS EN 459-1 and meet the performance requirements stated in contract specific Appendix 6/7. This
shall be demonstrated by the Declaration of Performance. Unless otherwise stated in contract specific Appendix 6/7 lime
shall be either quicklime or hydrated lime conforming to BS EN 459-1. The particle size distribution of all types of
quicklime shown in Tables 1 and 8 of BS EN 459-1 shall be of designation P4 as shown in Tables 5 and 12 of BS EN 459-
1.
4 The Contractor shall carry out testing of the lime as installed for available lime in accordance with Clause 641 at
weekly intervals unless otherwise required in contract specific Appendix 6/7 during periods when lime and cement
stabilisation is carried out. The results shall be provided by the Contractor in the project records. The available lime shall
meet the requirements stated in contract specific Appendix 6/7 and the values stated in the Declaration of Performance.
5 Cement for lime and cement stabilisation shall be Portland cement complying with BS EN 197-1, unless otherwise
described in contract specific Appendix 6/7.
6 Classes 6R and 7I material to be stabilised shall have added to it, at any point, the percentage of its dry weight of
lime and cement as determined on the demonstration area, to meet the required bearing ratio in contract specific Appendix
6/1, subject to a minimum of 1% by weight of ‘available lime’ and 2% cement as a percentage of the dry weight of the 6R
and 7I materials.
7 The Contractor shall not carry out lime and cement stabilisation when the shade temperature is below 3°C unless on
a rising thermometer above 0°C. Lime and cement stabilisation shall not be carried out during periods of rain or when rain
is imminent. When cement is spread on material likely to cause premature hydration, processing in accordance with sub-
Clause 16 of this Clause shall follow immediately.
8 Lime of quantity complying with sub-Clause 6 of this Clause shall be uniformly spread by a suitable spreading
machine on top of the layer to be stabilised. Using a collecting tray and balance the Contractor shall check the rate of
spread by weight, once for every 500 m2 of lime spread or a different rate of testing for the rate of spread as described in
contract specific Appendix 6/7. At the same time the Contractor shall collect samples of lime deposited on the tray and test
them for available lime content in accordance with Clause 641.
9 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the material shall be stabilised in a single layer if its
compacted thickness is 250 mm or less. If its compacted thickness is greater, the material shall be stabilised in layers not
less than 130 mm and not more than 250 mm thick, including any cutting-in required by sub-Clause 13 of this Clause.
10 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the material forming the layer to be stabilised shall be
processed by pulverising and mixing in the lime by means of sufficient number of passes of a suitable mobile stabilising
machine until 95% of the Class 9E or 95% of the silt and clay fraction of Class 9F processed material passes a BS 28 mm
sieve after dry sieving and the pulverisation complies with Table 6/1.
11 During processing sufficient water shall be available in the material to slake the quicklime (if used) and to enable
satisfactory mixing and compaction to be achieved. Any added water shall be through an integral spray-bar on the
stabilising machine. Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in
accordance with Test No. 1 of TRL report 447 (or equivalent text in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
12 The layer shall receive at least two passes of the stabilising machine to pulverise and mix the lime and soil, after
which the processing shall be interrupted by a period of not less than 24 hours and not greater than 72 hours to enable the
lime to react with the soil. Before this period commences the surface of the layer shall be sealed with one pass of a
smooth wheeled roller having a mass per metre width of roll of not less than 2700 kg or a pneumatic tyred roller of not
less than 1000 kg per wheel. At the end of this period the layer shall receive one further pass of the stabilising machine or
more if required to enable the material to comply with sub-Clauses 10 of this Clause.
13 The stabilising machine shall be equipped with a device for controlling the depth of processing which shall be
maintained at the correct setting at all times. An overlap of 150 mm shall be made between adjacent passes of the stabilising
machine. Where a subsequent layer of material is placed on a layer previously stabilised the tines or blades of the stabilising
machine shall be set so that they cut into the previously stabilised layer below by at least 20 mm.
14 The appropriate quantity of cement shall be uniformly spread, by a suitable spreading machine, on top of the layer
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previously processed with lime. Using a collecting tray and balance the Contractor shall check the rate of spread of the
machine once for every 500 m2 of cement spread.
15 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the material previously mixed with lime shall be
stabilised with cement in a single layer or in layers of the same compacted thickness as for the lime mixed material layers,
including any cutting-in required by sub-Clause 13 of this Clause.
16 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/7, the material forming the layer to be stabilised shall be
processed by pulverising and mixing in the cement by means of a sufficient number of passes of a suitable mobile
stabilising machine until 95% of the silt and clay fraction is reduced to particles or lumps passing a BS 28 mm sieve after
dry sieving and the pulverisation complies with Table 6/1.
17 During processing, sufficient water shall be available in the material to hydrate the cement and enable satisfactory
mixing and compaction to be achieved. Any added water shall be through an integral spray-bar on the stabilising machine.
Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in accordance with Test No. 1
of TRL report 447 (or equivalent text in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
18 The stabilising machine shall be equipped with a device for controlling the depth of processing which shall be
maintained at the correct setting at all times. An overlap of 150 mm shall be made between adjacent passes of the
stabilising machine. Where a subsequent layer of material is placed on a layer previously stabilised the tines or blades of
the stabilising machine shall be set so that they cut into the previously stabilised layer below by at least 20 mm.
19 Each layer of Class 9E or 9F processed material shall be compacted as soon as possible after the final pass of the
stabilising machine. Compaction shall be completed within 2 hours following the mixing of the cement into the material to
be stabilised. Immediately before compaction Class 9E processed material shall have a Moisture Condition Value (MCV)
of not greater than 12 nor less than the figure stated in contract specific Appendix 6/1 both as determined in accordance
with Clause 632. Water shall be added if necessary in a uniform manner to enable this MCV requirement to be met. Any
added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in accordance with Test No. 1 of
TRL report 447 (or equivalent text in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1.
20 The compaction of each layer of Class 9E or 9F material shall comply with Clause 612, Table 6/4 Method 7, except
that if layers of Class 9E or 9F greater than 250 mm thickness are to be constructed, the number of passes of the
compaction plant shall be determined from the results of a demonstration area as detailed in contract specific Appendix
6/7.
21 Class 9E and 9F materials shall be cured in accordance with Clause 1035. During periods when the air temperature
is forecast to drop below 3°C or when ground frost is forecast Class 9E and 9F material shall be protected, to prevent
freezing, for a period of 7 days from the time of completion of compaction. Such protection shall be sealed to prevent the
ingress of moisture.
22 Class 9E and 9F materials shall not have other material deposited or compacted above them until such time as the
required bearing ratio in contract specific Appendix 6/1 has been achieved. The relaxation allowed in sub-Clause 617.2
shall not apply before this time.
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(MCV) of not greater than nor less than the figures stated in contract specific Appendix 6/1, for Class 9J lime stabilised
material, both as determined in accordance with Clause 632.
14 If there is a delay following the first pass and before commencement of compaction the surface shall be sealed by
not less than 2 passes of a smooth-wheeled roller having a mass per metre width of not less than 2,700 kg or of a
pneumatic tyred roller of not less than 1,000 kg mass per wheel. On recommencement, and before compaction, the layer
shall be re-processed without the addition of lime, by a sufficient number of passes of the stabilising machine to meet the
MCV requirements of sub-Clause 13 of this Clause adding water uniformly if necessary.
15 The compaction of Class 9J shall comply with Clause 612, end product compaction, to satisfy the compaction
requirements given in Table 6/1 of the Class.
16 (P05) Class 9J material shall not have other material deposited or compacted above them, or be trafficked, either (i)
until such time as the required end-product and end-performance requirements have been achieved, or (ii) interim target
values demonstrated by field trials to the satisfaction of the Contractor’s Engineering Director have been achieved
provided that end product compaction and air voids compliance are demonstrated.
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machine until 95% of the Class 9K or 95% of the silt and clay fraction of Class 9L processed material passes a BS 28 mm
sieve after dry sieving and the pulverisation complies with Table 6/1.
11 During processing sufficient water shall be available in the material to slake the quicklime (if used) and to enable
satisfactory mixing and compaction to be achieved. Any added water shall be through an integral spray- bar on the
stabilising machine. Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in
accordance with Test No. 1 of TRL Report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
12 Field trials, and laboratory trials as appropriate, shall be undertaken to confirm requirements for pulverization,
mellowing and compaction to achieve the performance requirements (see Beetham et al, 2015, “Lime stabilisation for
earthworks: a UK perspective”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Engineering, Vol 168, Issue 2).
13 The stabilising machine shall be equipped with a device for controlling the depth of processing which shall be
maintained at the correct setting at all times. An overlap of 150 mm shall be made between adjacent passes of the
stabilising machine. Where a subsequent layer of material is placed on a layer previously stabilised the tines or blades of
the stabilising machine shall be set so that they cut into the previously stabilised layer below by at least 20 mm.
14 The appropriate quantity of cement shall be uniformly spread, by a suitable spreading machine, on top of the layer
previously processed with lime. Using a collecting tray and balance the Contractor shall check the rate of spread of the
machine once for every 500 m2 of cement spread.
15 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/3, the material previously mixed with lime shall be
stabilised with cement in a single layer or in layers of the same compacted thickness as for the lime mixed material layers,
including any cutting-in required by sub-Clause 13 of this Clause.
16 Unless indicated otherwise in contract specific Appendix 6/3, the material forming the layer to be stabilised shall be
processed by pulverising and mixing in the cement by means of a sufficient number of passes of a suitable mobile
stabilising machine until 95% of the silt and clay fraction is reduced to particles or lumps passing a BS 28 mm sieve after
dry sieving and the pulverisation complies with Table 6/1.
17 During processing, sufficient water shall be available in the material to hydrate the cement and enable satisfactory
mixing and compaction to be achieved. Any added water shall be through an integral spray-bar on the stabilising
machine. Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in accordance with
Test No. 1 of TRL Report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
18 The stabilising machine shall be equipped with a device for controlling the depth of processing which shall be
maintained at the correct setting at all times. An overlap of 150 mm shall be made between adjacent passes of the
stabilising machine. Where a subsequent layer of material is placed on a layer previously stabilised the tines or blades of
the stabilising machine shall be set so that they cut into the previously stabilised layer below by at least 20 mm.
19 Each layer of Class 9K or 9L processed material shall be compacted as soon as possible after the final pass of the
stabilising machine. Compaction shall be completed within 2 hours following the mixing of the cement into the material
to be stabilised. Any added water shall have a sulfate content not exceeding 1400 mg/l as SO4 when tested in accordance
with Test No. 1 of TRL Report 447 (or equivalent test in accordance with BRE Special Digest 1).
20 The compaction of Class 9K or 9L material shall comply with Clause 612, end product compaction, to satisfy the
compaction requirements given in Table 6/1 of the Class.
21 (P05) On completion of compaction the Contractor shall take measures to prevent drying to ensure adequate curing
takes place, in accordance with a Method Statement that has been agreed in advance with the Contractor’s Engineering
Director. During periods when the air temperature is forecast to drop below 3°C or when ground frost is forecast Class
9K and 9L material shall be protected, to prevent freezing, for a period of 7 days from the time of completion of
compaction. Such protection shall be sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture.
22 Class 9K and 9L material shall not have other material deposited or compacted above them, or be trafficked, either
(i) until such time as the required end-product and end-performance requirements have been achieved, or (ii) interim
target values demonstrated by field trials to the satisfaction of the Contractor’s Engineering Director have been achieved
provided that end product compaction and air voids compliance are demonstrated.
650 Stabilisation to Form HSR Earthworks Materials Using Other Combinations of Binders
1 (P05) Where HSR Earthworks are to consist of, either wholly or in part, materials stabilized with other binders or
other combinations of binders, the Contractor shall designate new material classes, and shall prepare specification clauses
in contract specific Appendix 6/3 for their processing and compaction based on laboratory and field trials to the
satisfaction of the Project Manager and Contractor’s Engineering Director. The performance and compaction
requirements of these materials shall be in accordance with HS2-HS2-GT-STD-000-000001 Technical Standard –
Earthworks. The specification shall address at least all the aspects raised in Clause 649.
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
1 A – Well graded granular General Fill (non Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 or BS Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 Method 2 1 A –
material HSR material designated as Class 3 in the Contract or glass EN 13242
earthworks) waste. (Properties (i), (ii) and (iv) in next column, shall (ii) uniformity See Note 5 10 –
not apply to chalk). Recycled aggregate. coefficient
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
from one or more of the following source codes, see See Note 4
Notes 8, 9, and 10:
(iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
P (natural aggregates);
A (construction and demolition recycling industries);
(v) IDD of chalk Clause 634 – App 6/1
B1 (municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA));
D2 (air cooled blast furnace slag);
D3 (basic oxygen furnace slag);
GENERAL GRANULAR FILL
B1 (municipal incinerator bottom ash, MIBA); (vii) Slake durability ISRM (2007) 60% -
index LEF:
G (mining and quarry industry). End product >95%
Property (vii) only applies to materials whose grading of maximum dry
includes particle sizes appropriate for testing. Weak density, <10% Air
rocks may be tested after processing. See also Clause Voids BS 1377:
4.3.10 in HS2-HS2-GT-STD-000-000001. Part 4 (4.5kg
method.
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
1 B – Uniformly graded General Fill (non Any material, or combination of materials, other than chalk (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 or BS Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 Method 3 1 B -
granular material HSR or glass waste. Recycled aggregate. EN 13242
earthworks) (ii) uniformity See Note 5 – 10
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 coefficient
from one or more of the following source codes, see (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
Notes 8, 9, and 10: See Note 4
P (natural aggregates – except chalk);
(iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
A (construction and demolition recycling industries);
B1 (municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA));
C1 (coal fly ash); C4 (coal bottom ash);
D2 (air cooled blast furnace slag);
D3 (basic oxygen furnace slag);
D4 (electric arc furnace slag (EAF C));
E (non ferrous steel industry – except E2 molybdenum
GENERAL GRANULAR FILL
slag);
F (foundry industry);
G (mining and quarry industry);
H1 (dredge spoil sand).
1 B 1 Uniformly graded General Fill Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 or BS Table 6/2 Tab 6/2 UEF: 1 B 1
granular material (HSR chalk, umetamorphosed mudstone or glass waste. EN 13242 End product >98%
earthworks) Recycled aggregate. (ii) uniformity See Note 5 – 10 of maximum dry
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as coefficient density, <8% Air
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Voids BS 1377:
from one or more of the following source codes, see Part 4 (4.5kg
See Note 4
Notes 8, 9, and 10: method),
(iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1 Ev2>60MPa at
P (natural aggregates – except chalk);
(v) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – – surface of UEF;
A (construction and demolition recycling industries); Ev2>45MPa at 1m
(4.5kg rammer
B1 (municipal incinerator bottom ash (MIBA)); method) above LEF (see
C1 (coal fly ash); C4 (coal bottom ash); Note 13).
E (non ferrous steel industry – except E2 molybdenum
slag); LEF:
F (foundry industry); End product >95%
G (mining and quarry industry); of maximum dry
density, <10% Air
H1 (dredge spoil sand).
Voids BS 1377:
Property (vi) only applies to materials whose grading Part 4 (4.5kg
includes particle sizes appropriate for testing. Weak (vi) Slake durability ISRM (2007) 60% - method.
rocks may be tested after processing. See also Clause index
4.3.10 in HS2-HS2-GT-STD-000-000001.
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Material Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Requirements Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Description of Clause 601 and contract specific Appendix 6/1) Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested in Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in Accordance with: Lower Upper
Previous Column)
1 C – Coarse granular General Fill (non Any material, or combination of materials, other (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 or BS Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 1 C –
material HSR than material designated as Class 3 in the Contract EN 13242 M ethod 5
earthworks) or glass waste. (Properties (i) and (ii) in next (ii) uniformity See Note 5 5 –
column, shall not apply to chalk). Recycled coefficient
aggregate.
(iii) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 50
coefficient
GENERAL GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
2 A – Wet cohesive General Fill and Any material, or combination of materials, other (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR 2 A –
material HSR Lower than chalk (ii) plastic limit BS 1377: Part 2 – – Earthworks:
Embankment (PL) Tab 6/4 Method 1
Fill (see Note except for materials
(iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 PL -4% App 6/1
12) with liquid limit
See Note 4
greater than 50,
(iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
GENERAL COHESIVE FILL
determined by BS
(v) Undrained Clause 633 App 6/1 App 6/1 1377: Part 2, only
shear strength of deadweight
remoulded tamping or
material vibratory tamping
(vi) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - - rollers or grid
(HSR LEF only) (4.5kg rammer method) rollers shall be
used.
(vii) Argillaceous BS 1377: Part 2 - 50
particles >20mm including description
diameter (HSR LEF HSR Earthworks
only) LEF:
(viii) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 - 35 End product >95%
(HSR LEF only) of maximum dry
See Note 14 density and <5%
(ix) CBR Swell Limit Cl. 7.3 BS1377: Part 4 - 3% Air Voids BS 1377:
(HSR LEF only) Part 4 (4.5kg
method.
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
2 B – Dry cohesive General Fill and Any material, or combination of materials, other (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR 2 B –
material HSR Lower than chalk (ii) plastic limit BS 1377: Part 2 – – Earthworks:
Embankment (PL) Tab 6/4 Method 2
Fill (see note 12)
(iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 PL -4%
See Note 4 HSR Earthworks
(iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1 LEF:
(v) undrained Clause 633 App 6/1 App 6/1 End product >95%
shear strength of of maximum dry
remoulded density and <5%
material Air Voids BS 1377:
BS 1377: Part 4 Part 4 (4.5kg
(vi) optimum mc – - method.
(HSR LEF only) (4.5kg rammer method)
(viii) Argillaceous BS 1377: Part 2 - 50
particles >20mm including description
diameter (HSR LEF
GENERAL COHESIVE FILL
only)
(ix) liquid limit (HSR BS 1377: Part 2 - 35
LEF only) See Note 14
(x) CBR Swell Limit Cl. 7.3 BS1377: Part 4 - 3%
(HSR LEF only)
2 C - Stony cohesive General Fill and Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR 2 C -
material HSR Lower chalk Earthworks:
Embankment Fill (ii) plastic limit (PL) BS 1377: part 2 – –
Tab 6/4 Method 2
(see note 12) (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
See Note 4 HSR Earthworks
(iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 – LEF:
End product >95%
(v) Undrained shear Clause 633 App 6/1 – of maximum dry
strength of density and <5%
remoulded material Air Voids BS 1377:
(vi) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – - Part 4 (4.5kg
(HSR LEF only) (4.5kg rammer method).
method)
(vii) Argillaceous BS 1377: Part 2 - 50%
particles >20mm including description
diameter (HSR LEF
only)
(viii) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 - 35
(HSR LEF only) See Note 14
(ix) CBR Swell Limit Cl. 7.3 BS1377: Part 4 - 3%
(HSR LEF only)
TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
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Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
2 D – Silty cohesive General Fill and Any material, or combination of materials, other (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR 2 D –
material HSR Lower than chalk (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Earthworks:
Embankment See Note 4 Tab 6/4 Method 3
Fill (see Note
(iii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
12) HSR Earthworks
(iv) undrained Clause 633 App 6/1 App 6/1 LEF:
shear strength of
End product >95%
remoulded
of maximum dry
material
density and <5%
(v) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - - Air Voids BS 1377:
(HSR LEF only) (4.5kg rammer method) Part 4 (4.5kg
(vi) Argillaceous BS 1377: Part 2 - 50% method).
particles >20mm including description
GENERAL COHESIVE FILL
HSR Earthworks
LEF:
End product >95%
of maximum dry
density and <5%
Air Voids BS 1377:
Part 4 (4.5kg
method).
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
3 – – Chalk General Fill Chalk and associated materials all designated as Class (i) mc BS 1377: Part 2 – App 6/1 Non HSR 3 – –
3 in the Contract See Note 4 earthworks
(ii) IDD Clause 634 App 6/1 App 6/1 Tab 6/4 Method 4,
or Method 1 if
GENERAL CHALK FILL
required in App
6/1. All types of
vibratory rollers of
Categories over
1800 kg shall not
be used.
HSR earthworks:
See Note 11
Ev2>60MPa at
surface of UEF;
Ev2>45MPa at 1m
above LEF (see
Note 13).
4 – – Various Fill to landscape See App 6/1 See Clause 620 and 4 – –
GENERAL LANDSCAPE FILL
000008
5 B – Imported topsoil Topsoiling General purpose grade complying with BS 3882 – – – – – 5 B –
5 S - Agricultural Subsoil Subsoil In accordance with Technical Standard – Soil Handling – – – – – 5 S -
underlying topsoil for Land Restoration HS2-HS2-EV-STD-000-000008
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 A – Selected well Below water Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 No 6 A –
graded granular rock other than argillaceous rock, crushed concrete, (On-site) compaction
material chalk, well burnt colliery spoil or any combination BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
thereof. (Properties (i) and (ii) in next column, shall (Imported onto
not apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate. site)
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (ii) uniformity See Note 5 10 –
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (iii) SMC of chalk Clause 634 – 20%
from one or more of the following source codes, see index
Notes 8, 9, and 10:
(iv) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 Non-plastic
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, index
see Note 7);
A (construction and demolition recycling
industries);
G1 (red coal shale) – not HSR earthworks;
G3 (pre-selected all-in from quarrying/mining).
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 C – Selected Starter layer Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR 6 C –
uniformly graded rock other than argillaceous rock, crushed concrete, (On-site) earthworks:
granular material chalk, well burnt colliery spoil, slag or any BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/4
combination thereof. (Property (iii) in next column, (Imported onto Method 3
shall not apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate. site)
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (ii) uniformity See Note 5 – 10 HSR
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 coefficient earthworks
from one or more of the following source codes, see (iii) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 Non-plastic Max thickness
Notes 8, 9, and 10: index 500mm
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (iv) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 50
see Note 7); coefficient
A (construction and demolition recycling industries); (v) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
See Note 4
D2 (air cooled blast furnace slag) – not HSR earthworks;
D3 (basic oxygen furnace slag) – not HSR earthworks;
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 E – Selected granular For Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Not applicable 6 E –
material (Class stabilisation unburnt colliery spoil and argillaceous rock. (On-site)
9A) or HSR with cement (Properties (i), (ii) and (iii) in next column, shall not BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
embankment fill to form apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate (Imported onto
(Class 9G) capping (Class site)
9A) or HSR Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 – App 6/1
embankment
from one or more of the following source codes, see See Note 4
fill (Class 9G).
Notes 8, 9, and 10: (iii) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 – 45
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (iv) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 20
see Note 7); index
(v) organic matter BS 1377: Part 3 – App 6/1
A (construction and demolition recycling
(vi) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – 3000 mg/l
industries);
(WS) sulfate content No. 1 (suitable for as SO4
SELECETED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 F 2 Selected granular Capping Any material, or combination of materials - including (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 6 F 2
material (coarse recycled aggregates with not more than 50% by mass (On site materials Method 6
grading) of recycled bituminous planings and granulated only)
asphalt, but excluding materials contaminated with tar (ii) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 –
and tar- bitumen binders, unburnt colliery spoil and (vibrating hammer
argillaceous rock. method)
Property (i) in the next column shall not apply to (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 Optimum Optimum
chalk. See Note 4 mc - 2% mc
Property (vi) in the next column shall not apply if the (iv) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 50
Class Ra (asphalt) content of any recycled aggregate coefficient
is 20% or less. (v) Class Ra Clause 710 – 50%
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
(asphalt) content
Where material in this Class is imported onto site it
(vi) bitumen BS EN 12697-1 or – 2.0%
shall be classified as Class 6F5 and comply with the
content BS EN 12697-39
requirements for that material.
Glass waste is not permitted.
6 F 3 Selected Capping Any material, or combination of materials with not (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 Method 6 6 F 3
granular less than 50% by mass of recycled bituminous (On-site) Maximum
material planings and granulated asphalt, but excluding BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 Compacted layer
materials contaminated with tar and tar-bitumen (Imported onto thickness shall be
binders, unburnt colliery spoil and argillaceous rock. site) 200 mm
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (ii) optimum mc Clause 613 – –
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN (iii) mc Clause 613 See Optimum Optimum
13242 from the following source codes, see Notes 8, Note 4 mc -2% mc
9 and 10:
(iv) Class Ra Clause 710 50% –
A1 (reclaimed asphalt); (asphalt) content
(v) bitumen BS EN 12697-1 or – 10%
A4 (mixed recycled aggregate);
content BS EN 12697-39
Aggregates from source code A4 shall contain at least
50% of constituents in Class Ra (bituminous
materials).
Glass waste is not permitted.
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 F 4 Selected granular Capping Unbound mixture complying with BS EN 13285 (i) Size BS EN 13285 – Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/4 6 F 4
material (fine containing aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 designation and 0/31.5 and GE Method 6
grading) – from one or more of the following source codes, see overall grading
imported on to Notes 8, 9 and 10: category
the Site (ii) Maximum fines BS EN 13285 – Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
P (natural aggregates – except chalk, shale,
siltstone or slate, see Note 7); and oversize UF15 and OC75
categories
A2 (crushed concrete); (iii) Los Angeles BS EN 13242 – – 60
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); coefficient LA60
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 F 5 Selected granular Capping Unbound mixture complying with BS EN 13285 (i) Size BS EN 13285 – Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/4 6 F 5
material (coarse containing aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 designation and 0/80 and GE Method 6
grading) – from one or more of the following source codes, see overall grading
imported on to the Notes 8, 9 and 10: category
Site (ii) Maximum fines BS EN 13285 – Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
P (natural aggregates – except chalk, shale,
siltstone or slate, see Note 7); and oversize UF12 and OC75
categories
A2 (crushed concrete); BS EN 13242 –
(iii) Los Angeles – 50
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); coefficient LA50
(iv) Volume BS EN 13242 – –
SELECTED GRABULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 F 6 Selected granular Protection Layer (i) grading BS 1377: part 2 or BS Site won - Site won -Tab End product >100% 6 F 6
Natural gravel, crushed rock, crushed concrete or any
material (Granular) EN 13242 Tab 6/2 6/2 of maximum dry
combination thereof. None of these constituents shall
Imported Tab Imported Tab density and <8%
include any argillaceous rock.
6/5 6/5 Air Voids BS 1377:
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as Part 4 (4.5kg
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (ii) plasticity index BS 1377: part 2 Non-plastic rammer method),
from one or more of the following source codes, see (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Modulus of
Notes 8, 9, and 10: See Note 4 deformation
P (natural aggregates – except chalk shale, siltstone or (iv) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – – 120MPa<Ev2<500
slate). (4.5kg rammer MPa (see Note 13)
method)
Glass waste is not permitted.
(v) flakiness index BS EN 933-3 - 35
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 F 8 Selected granular Prepared Any material, or combination of materials – (i) grading BS EN 13285 Table 8//1 Table 8//1 (P05) End product 6 F 8
material (fine Subgrade for including crushed concrete, but excluding materials (Sub-Base (Sub-Base >100% of
grading) HSR earthworks contaminated with tar and tar-bitumen binders, Type 1) Type 1) maximum dry
unburnt colliery spoil, red shale, crushed bricks, GP Overall GP Overall density and <8%
masonry, recycled bituminous planings and Grading Grading Air Voids BS 1377:
granulated asphalt, argillaceous rock and chalk, slag, Part 4 (4.5kg
municipal incinerator bottom ash, mining and quarry (ii) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – –
rammer).
(4.5kg rammer)
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 F 9 Selected granular Prepared Any material, or combination of materials – including (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Site won - Site won - (P05) End product 6 F 9
material (coarser Subgrade for crushed concrete, but excluding materials contaminated (site won) Table 6/2 (as Table 6/2 (as >100% of
grading) HSR earthworks with tar and tar-bitumen binders, unburnt colliery spoil, per Class per Class 6F2) maximum dry
red shale, crushed bricks, masonry, recycled bituminous BS EN 933-2 6F2) density and <8%
planings and granulated asphalt, argillaceous rock and (imported) Imported - Air Voids BS 1377:
chalk, slag, municipal incinerator bottom ash, mining and Imported - Table 6/5 Part 4 (4.5kg
quarry industry waste. Table 6/5 (as per Class rammer method).
(as per Class 6F5) Modulus of
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as 6F5) deformation Ev2 (see
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (ii) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – – Note 13):
from one or more of the following source codes, see >60 MPa
Notes 8, 9 and 10: (4.5kg rammer) (slabtrack);
(iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 >80 MPa (ballast);
P (natural aggregates – except chalk, shale, siltstone <500MPa.
or slate); (iv) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 60 (Combined
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
coefficient LA + MDE)
A2 (crushed concrete); BS EN 1097-1
(v) Micro Deval - 60 (Combined
Glass waste is not permitted. Value (MDE) 10-14mm sample LA + MDE)
grading
(vi) Flakiness Index BS EN 933-3 – 30%
(vii) Methylene Blue BS EN 933-9 - 2
Value
(viii) Frost Clause 602.20 Non frost
Susceptibility susceptible
(ix) plasticity of BS 1377: Part2 Non-plastic
fraction of material
passing 425 micron
sieve
6 G – Selected granular Gabion filling Natural gravel, crushed rock, crushed concrete or any (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 None 6 G -
material combination thereof. None of these constituents shall (On-site)
include any argillaceous rock.
BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (Imported onto site)
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN (ii) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 50
13242 from one or more of the following source coefficient
codes, see Notes 8, 9 and 10:
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate,
see Note 7);
A2 (crushed concrete).
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 H – Selected Drainage Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 6 H –
granular layer to rock, crushed concrete, chalk, well burnt colliery (On-site) Method 3
material reinforced spoil or any combination thereof. None of these BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
soil and constituents shall include any argillaceous rock. (Imported onto
anchored (Properties (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) and (xii) in site)
earth next column only apply when metallic reinforcing
(ii) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 Non-plastic
structures or anchor elements, facing units or fastenings are
index
used.) (Properties (ii) and (v) in next column shall
not apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate except (iii) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 50
recycled asphalt. coefficient
(iv) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as
See Note 4
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242
from one or more of the following source codes, see (v) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
SELECTED GRABULAR FILL
Notes 8, 9 and 10: (vi) pH value BS 1377: Part 3 Tab 6/3 Tab 6/3
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (vii) chloride ion BS EN 1744-1 or – Tab 6/3
see Note 7); content equivalent test in
accordance with BRE
A2 (crushed concrete); Special Digest 1
(viii) water TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry);
soluble (WS) No. 1 (suitable for
G1 (red coal shale) – not HSR earthworks. sulfate content sands, silts, clays,
weak rocks and
aggregates) or
BS1377-3 Clause 5
(not suitable for
aggregates)
(ix) oxidisable TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
sulfides (OS) No. 2 and 4
content
(x) resistivity Clause 637 Tab 6/3 –
(xi) redox Clause 638 Tab 6/3 –
potential
(xii) organic BS 1377: Part 3 – Tab 6/3
content
(xiii) microbial Table 6/3 – Tab 6/3
activity index
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 I – Selected well Fill to Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 6 I –
graded granular reinforced rock, crushed concrete, slag, chalk, well burnt colliery (On-site) Method 2
material soil and spoil or any combination thereof except that chalk shall BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
anchored not be combined with any other constituent. None of (Imported onto
earth these constituents shall include any argillaceous rock. site)
structures (Properties (i), (ii) and (v) in next column shall not
(ii) uniformity See Note 5 10 –
apply to chalk.) (Properties (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii),
coefficient
(xiii) and (xiv) only apply when metallic reinforcing or
anchor elements, facing units or fastenings are used.) (iii) SMC of chalk Clause 634 – 20%
Recycled aggregate except recycled asphalt. (iv) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
See Note 4
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 (v) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
from one or more of the following source codes, see (vi) effective angle Clause 636 App 6/1 –
Notes 8, 9 and 10: of friction (φ’) and
effective cohesion
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (c')
see Note 7);
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 J – Selected Fill to Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 6 J –
uniformly graded reinforced crushed rock, crushed concrete, slag, chalk, well (On-site) Method 3
granular material soil and burnt colliery spoil or any combination thereof, BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
anchored except that chalk shall not be combined with any (Imported onto
earth other constituent. None of these constituents shall site)
include any argillaceous rock. (Properties (viii),
(ii) uniformity See Note 5 5 10
(ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii) and (xiv) in next column
coefficient
only apply when metallic reinforcing or anchor
elements, facing units or fastenings are used.) (iii) SMC of chalk Clause 634 – 20%
(Properties (i), (ii) and (v) in next column shall not (iv) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate except recycled See Note 4
asphalt. (v) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (vi) effective angle Clause 636 App 6/1 –
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN of friction (φ’) and
13242 from one or more of the following source effective cohesion
codes, see Notes 8, 9 and 10: (c')
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (vii) coefficient of Clause 639 App 6/1 –
see Note 7); friction and
adhesion (fill/
A2 (crushed concrete); elements)
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); (viii) pH value BS 1377: Part 3 Tab 6/3 Tab 6/3
(ix) chloride ion BS EN 1744-1 or – Tab 6/3
D2 (air cooled blast furnace slag) – not HSR content equivalent test in
earthworks; accordance with BRE
Special Digest 1
G1 (red coal shale) – not HSR earthworks (x) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
(WS) sulfate No. 1 (suitable for
content sands, silts, clays,
weak rocks and
aggregates) or
BS1377-3 Clause 5
(not suitable for
aggregates)
(xi) oxidisable TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
sulfides (OS) No. 2 and 4
content
(xii) resistivity Clause 637 Tab 6/3e –
(xiii) redox Clause 638 Tab 6/3 –
potential
(xiv) organic BS 1377: Part 3 – Tab 6/3
content
(xv) microbial Table 6/3 – Tab 6/3
activity index
November 2019 63
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 K – Selected Lower Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 End product 6 K –
granular bedding for rock, crushed concrete, well burnt colliery spoil or (On-site) 90% of
material corrugated any combination thereof. None of these constituents BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 maximum dry
steel buried shall include any argillaceous rock. Recycled (Imported onto density of BS
structures aggregate except recycled asphalt. site) 1377: Part 4
(Vibrating
Where material is imported onto which is not ‘as dug’ (ii) uniformity See Note 5 5 –
hammer
site it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN 13242 coefficient
method)
from one or more of the following source codes, see (iii) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 6
Notes 8, 9 and 10: index
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (iv) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – –
see Note 7); (vibrating hammer
method)
A2 (crushed concrete);
(v) mc BS 1377: Part 2 Optimum Optimum
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); See Note 4 mc -2% mc +1%
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 L – Selected Upper Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 6 L –
uniformly graded bedding for rock, crushed concrete, well burnt colliery spoil or (On-site)
granular material corrugated any combination thereof. None of these constituents BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
steel buried shall include any argillaceous rock. Recycled (Imported onto
structures aggregate except recycled asphalt. site)
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (ii) resistivity Clause 637 2000 ohm –
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN cm
13242 from one or more of the following source (iii) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – 300 mg/ l
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
codes, see Notes 8, 9 and 10: (WS) sulfate content No. 1 (suitable for as SO4
sands, silts, clays,
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, weak rocks and
see Note 7); aggregates) or
A2 (crushed concrete); BS1377-3 Clause 5
(not suitable for
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); aggregates)
G1 (red coal shale) – not HSR earthworks. (iv) oxidisable TRL Report 477, Test – 0.06% as
sulfides (OS) No. 2 and 4 SO4
content
(v) chloride ion BS EN 1744-1 or – 0.025%
content equivalent test in
accordance with BRE
Special Digest 1
(vi) pH value BS 1377: Part 3 6 9
(vii) sulfide and Standard textbook of – Rapid
hydrogen sulfide qualitative inorganic blackening of
analysis lead acetate
paper
November 2019 65
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 M – Selected Surround to Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 End product 6 M –
granular corrugated rock, crushed concrete, well burnt colliery spoil or (On-site) 90% of
material steel buried any combination thereof. None of these constituents BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 maximum dry
structures shall include any argillaceous rock. Recycled (Imported onto density of BS
aggregate except recycled asphalt. site) 1377: Part
4 (Vibrating
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (ii) uniformity See Note 5 5 – hammer
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN coefficient method) unless
13242 from one or more of the following source (iii) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 6 otherwise stated
codes, see Notes 8, 9 and 10: index in App 6/1
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, (iv) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 – –
see Note 7); (vibrating hammer
method)
A2 (crushed concrete);
(v) mc BS 1377: Part 2 Optimum Optimum
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); See Note 4 mc -2% mc +1%
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 N – Selected well Fill to Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR: End 6 N –
graded granular structures rock, crushed concrete, slag, well- burnt colliery spoil or (On-site) product 95% of
material any combination thereof. None of these constituents BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 maximum dry
shall include any argillaceous rock. Recycled aggregate (Imported onto density of BS
except recycled asphalt. site) 1377: Part 4
(vibrating
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (ii) uniformity See Note 5 10 – hammer
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 P – Selected Fill to Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Non HSR: End 6 P –
granular structures rock, crushed concrete, slag, chalk, well burnt (On-site) product 95% of
material colliery spoil or any combination thereof. None of BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5 maximum dry
these constituents shall include any argillaceous rock. (Imported onto density of BS
(Properties (i), (ii) and (ix) in next column shall not site) 1377: Part
apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate except recycled 4 (vibrating
asphalt. (ii) uniformity See Note 5 5 – hammer
coefficient method)
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
Where material is imported onto site which is not ‘as (iii) IDD of chalk Clause 634 – App 6/1
dug’ it shall be aggregate conforming to BS EN
(iv) Los Angeles Clause 635 – 60 HSR: End
13242 from one or more of the following source
coefficient product 98% of
codes, see Notes 8, 9 and 10:
(v) undrained shear Clause 633 App 6/1 – maximum dry
P (natural aggregates – except shale, siltstone or slate, parameters (c and density of BS
see Note 7); φ) 1377: Part
(vi) effective angle of Clause 636 App 6/1 – 4 (vibrating
A2 (crushed concrete); hammer
internal friction (φ')
A3 (crushed bricks, masonry); and effective method)
cohesion (c')
G1 (red coal shale) – not HSR earthworks.
(vii) permeability Clause 640 App 6/1 –
(viii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
See Note 4
(ix) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
(x) slope stability Clause 610 App 6/6
test (where required
in App 6/6)
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 Q – Selected Overlying fill to Natural gravel, natural sand, crushed gravel, crushed As for Class 1A, 1B or 1C with the End product 6 Q –
granular corrugated rock, crushed concrete, slag, chalk, well burnt addition of the following: 95% of
material steel buried colliery spoil or any combination thereof. None of (i) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – 300 mg/ l maximum dry
structures – not these constituents shall include any argillaceous rock. (WS) sulfate No. 1 (suitable for as SO4 density of BS
for use on HSR (Properties (i), (ii) and (ix) in next column shall not content sands, silts, clays, 1377: Part
apply to chalk.) Recycled aggregate except recycled weak rocks and 4 (vibrating
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
6 R – Selected For Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 6 R –
granular stabilisation unburnt colliery spoil and argillaceous rock. (On-site)
material with lime and (Properties (i), (ii) and (iii) in next column, shall not BS EN 933-2 Tab 6/5 Tab 6/5
cement to apply to chalk.) (Imported onto
form capping site)
(Class 9F) or Glass waste is not permitted.
(ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 –
HSR
See Note 4
embankment
fill (Class 9L) (iii) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 – 45
(iv) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 20
index
SELECTED GRANULAR FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 A – Selected Fill to Any material or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 End product: 7 A –
cohesive structures argillaceous rock and materials designated as Class 3 (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 100% of
material in the Contract. If chalk is used it shall form 100% of See Note 4 maximum dry
constituents. (Properties (i) and (iii) shall not apply to density of BS
(iii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
chalk.) (Properties (vii) and (viii) may be increased to 1377 :
54% and 31% respectively for Lias Clay only and (iv) undrained shear Clause 633 App 6/1 App 6/1 Part 4 (2.5 kg
subject to the requirements of contract specific parameters (c and rammer
Appendix 6/6). φ) method, 4.5kg
(v) effective angle of Clause 636 App 6/1 App 6/1 rammer
internal friction (φ') method for
and effective HSR) or a dry
cohesion (c') density
(vi) IDD of chalk Clause 634 App 6/1 App 6/1 corresponding
to 5% air voids
(vii) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 – 45 for non- at field mc
HSR whichever is
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 C – Selected wet Fill to Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 7 C –
cohesive reinforced unburnt colliery spoil, argillaceous rock and chalk. (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Method 1
material soil (Properties (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) and (xii) in next See Note 4
column only apply when metallic reinforcing
(iii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
elements, facing units or fastenings are used).
(iv) effective angle of Clause 636 App 6/1 –
internal friction (φ’)
and effective
cohesion (c')
(v) coefficient of Clause 639 App 6/1 –
friction and
adhesion (fill/
elements)
(vi) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 – 45 for non-
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
HSR
35 for HSR
(vii) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 25
index
(viii) pH value BS 1377: Part 3 Tab 6/3 Tab 6/3
(ix) chloride ion BS EN 1744-1 or – Tab 6/3
content equivalent test in
accordance with BRE
Special Digest 1
(x) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
(WS) sulfate No. 1 (suitable for
content sands, silts, clays,
weak rocks and
aggregates) or
BS1377-3 Clause 5
(not suitable for
aggregates)
(xi) oxidisable TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
sulfides (OS) No. 2 and 4
content
(xii) resistivity Clause 637 Tab 6/3 –
(xiii) redox Clause 638 Tab 6/3 –
potential
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 D – Selected stony Fill to Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/4 7 D –
cohesive material reinforced unburnt colliery spoil, argillaceous rock and chalk. (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Method 2
soil (Properties (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) and (xii) in See Note 4
next column only apply when metallic reinforcing
(iii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
elements, facing units or fastenings are used).
(iv) effective angle of Clause 636 App 6/1 –
internal friction (φ’)
and effective
cohesion (c')
(v) coefficient of Clause 639 App 6/1 –
friction and
adhesion (fill/
elements)
(vi) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 – 45 for non-
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
HSR
35 for HSR
(vii) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 25
index
(viii) pH value BS 1377: Part 3 Tab 6/3 Tab 6/3
(ix) chloride ion BS EN 1744-1 or – Tab 6/3
content equivalent test in
accordance with BRE
Special Digest 1
(x) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
(WS) sulfate No. 1 (suitable for
content sands, silts, clays,
weak rocks and
aggregates) or
BS1377-3 Clause 5
(not suitable for
aggregates)
(xi) oxidisable TRL Report 477, Test – Tab 6/3
sulfides (OS) No. 2 and 4
content
(xii) resistivity Clause 637 Tab 6/3 –
(xiii) redox Clause 638 Tab 6/3 –
potential
November 2019 73
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 E – Selected For Any material, or combination of materials, other (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Not applicable 7 E –
cohesive stabilisation than unburnt colliery spoil. (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 – App 6/1
material with lime to See Note 4
form capping Glass waste is not permitted.
(iii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 –
(Class 9D) or
HSR (iv) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 10 –
embankment index
fill (Class 9J) (v) organic matter BS 1377: Part 3 – App 6/1
(vi) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – App 6/1
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 F – Selected silty For Any material, or combination of materials, other (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Not applicable 7 F –
cohesive stabilisation than chalk, unburnt colliery spoil and argillaceous (ii) uniformity See Note 5 5 –
material with cement rock. coefficient
to form
Glass waste is not permitted. (iii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1
capping (Class
See Note 4
9B) or HSR
embankment (iv) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
fill (Class 9H) (v) liquid limit BS 1377: Part 2 – 45
(vi) plasticity BS 1377: Part 2 – 20
index
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 G – Selected For stabilisation Conditioned material direct from power station dust (i) mc BS 1377: Part 2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Not applicable 7 G –
conditioned with cement to collection system and to which a controlled quantity See Note 4
pulverised fuel form capping of water has been added. (ii) water soluble TRL Report 477, Test – 3000 mg/l
ash cohesive (Class 9C) or (WS) sulfate No. 1 (suitable for as SO4
material HSR content sands, silts, clays,
embankment fill weak rocks and
(Class 9I) aggregates) or
BS1377-3 Clause 5
(not suitable for
aggregates)
(iii) oxidisable TRL Report 477, Test – 0.6% as
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
7 I – Selected cohesive For Any material, or combination of materials, other than (i) grading BS 1377: Part 2 Tab 6/2 Tab 6/2 Not applicable 7 I –
material stabilisation unburnt colliery spoil.
with lime and (ii) mc BS 1377: Part 2 – App 6/1
cement to form
See Note 4
capping (Class
9E) or HSR (iii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 –
embankment (iv) plasticity index BS 1377: Part 2 10 –
fill (Class 9K)
SELECTED COHESIVE FILL
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
9 A – Cement Capping Class 6E with addition of cement according to Clause (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 60% – Tab 6/4 Method 6 9 A –
stabilised well 614 (ii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 –
graded granular
(iii) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1
material
9 B – Cement Capping Class 7F with addition of cement according to Clause (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 App 6/1 – Tab 6/4 Method 7 9 B –
stabilised silty 614 (ii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 12
cohesive immediately before
material compaction
(iii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 –
(iv) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1
9 C – Cement stabilised Capping Class 7G with addition of cement according to Clause (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 60% – End 9 C –
STABILISED MATERIALS
conditioned 614 (ii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 – product 95% of
pulverised fuel maximum dry
(iii) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 –
ash cohesive density BS EN
material 13286-47 (2.5kg
rammer method)
9 D – Lime stabilised Capping Class 7E with addition of lime according to Clause 615 (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 30% – Tab 6/4 Method 7 9 D –
cohesive material (ii) MCV immediately Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
before compaction
(iii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 –
(iv) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1
9 E – Lime and cement Capping Class 7I with addition of lime and cement according to (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 30% – Tab 6/4 Method 7 9 E –
stabilised cohesive Clause 643 (ii) MCV immediately Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1
material before completion
(iii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 –
(iv) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1
9 F – Lime and cement Capping Class 6R with addition of lime and cement according to (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 60% – Tab 6/4 Method 6 9 F –
stabilised well graded Clause 643 (ii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 –
granular material
(iii) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1
See Note 4
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Material Requirements of Clause 601 and contract Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Description specific Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance with:
Lower Upper
Previous Column)
9 G – Cement stabilised HSR embankment Class 6E with addition of cement according to Clause (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 60% – UEF: 9 G –
well graded granular fill (including 647 (ii) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1 End product >98%
material transitions) of maximum dry
(iii) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - -
density, <5% Air
(4.5kg rammer
Voids BS 1377:
method)
Part 4 (4.5kg
method),
Ev2>60MPa at
surface of UEF,
Ev2>45MPa at 1m
above LEF (see
Note 13).
LEF:
End product >95%
STABILISED MATERIALS
of maximum dry
density, <5% Air
Voids BS 1377:
Part 4 (4.5kg
method).
9 H – Cement stabilised HSR embankment Class 7F with addition of cement according to Clause (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 App 6/1 – UEF: 9 H -
silty cohesive fill (including 647 (ii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 12 End product >98%
material transitions) immediately of maximum dry
before density, <5% Air
compaction Voids BS 1377:
(iii) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1 Part 4 (4.5kg
method),
(iv) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - -
Ev2>60MPa at
(4.5kg rammer surface of UEF,
method) Ev2>45MPa at 1m
above LEF (see
Note 13).
LEF:
End product >95%
of maximum dry
density, <5% Air
Voids BS 1377:
Part 4 (4.5kg
method).
TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
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Class General Material Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Description Requirements of Clause 601 and contract specific Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance Lower Upper
Previous Column) with:
9 I – Cement stabilised HSR Class 7G with addition of cement according to (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 60% – UEF: 9 I -
conditioned embankment Clause 647 (ii) bearing ratio BS EN 13286-47 App 6/1 - End product
pulverised fuel ash fill (including >98% of
cohesive material transitions) (iii) mc BS EN 13286-2 App 6/1 App 6/1
maximum dry
(iv) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - -
density, <5% Air
(4.5kg rammer Voids BS 1377:
STABILISED MATERIALS
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Material Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Description Requirements of Clause 601 and contract specific Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements in
Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance Lower Upper
Previous Column) with:
9 J – Lime stabilised HSR Class 7E with addition of cement according to (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 30% – UEF: 9 J -
cohesive material embankment Clause 648 (ii) MCV Clause 632 App 6/1 App 6/1 End product
fill (including immediately before >98% of
transitions) compaction maximum dry
(iii) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - - density, <5% Air
Voids BS 1377:
STABILISED MATERIALS
(4.5kg rammer
Part 4 (4.5kg
method)
method),
Ev2>60MPa at
surface of UEF,
Ev2>45MPa at 1m
above LEF (see
Note 13).
LEF:
End product
>95% of
maximum dry
density, <5% Air
Voids BS 1377:
Part 4 (4.5kg
method).
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Material Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Description Requirements of Clause 601 and contract specific Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance Lower Upper
Previous Column) with:
9 K – Lime and cement HSR Class 7I with addition of lime and cement according (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 30% – UEF: 9 K -
stabilised cohesive embankment to Clause 649 App 6/1 App 6/1 End product
(ii) MCV Clause 632
material fill (including >98% of
immediately before
transitions) maximum dry
compaction
(iii) mc BS 1377: Part 4 - - density, <5%
Air Voids BS
STABILISED MATERIALS
(4.5kg rammer
1377: Part 4
method)
(4.5kg method),
(iv) optimum mc BS 1377: Part 4 - - Ev2>60MPa at
(4.5kg rammer surface of UEF,
method) Ev2>45MPa at
1m above LEF
(see Note 13).
LEF:
End product
>95% of
maximum dry
density, <5%
Air Voids BS
1377: Part 4
(4.5kg method).
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TABLE 6/1: Acceptable Earthworks Materials: Classification and Compaction Requirements (See footnotes) (continued)
Class General Material Typical Use Permitted Constituents (All Subject to Material Properties Required for Acceptability (In Addition to Compaction Class
Description Requirements of Clause 601 and contract specific Requirements on Use of Fill Materials in Clause 601 and Testing in Requirements
Appendix 6/1) Clause 631) in Clause 612
Property (See Defined and Tested Acceptable Limits Within:
Exceptions in in Accordance Lower Upper
Previous Column) with:
9 L – Lime and cement HSR Class 6R with addition of lime and cement according (i) pulverisation BS EN 13286-48 60% – UEF: 9 L –
stabilised well embankment to Clause 649 End product
graded granular fill (including >98% of
material transitions) maximum dry
density, <5%
Air Voids BS
STABILISED MATERIALS
1377: Part 4
(4.5kg method),
Ev2>60MPa at
surface of UEF,
Ev2>45MPa at
1m above LEF
(see Note 13).
LEF:
End product
>95% of
maximum dry
density, <5%
Air Voids BS
1377: Part 4
(4.5kg method).
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TABLE 6/2: Grading Requirements for Acceptable Earthworks Materials Other Than Classes 6F4, 6F5 and 6S
Percentage by Mass Passing the Size Shown
Class Size Size (mm) BS Series Size (microns) BS Size Class
(mm) Series (micr-
ons)
500 300 125 90 75 37.5 28 20 14 10 6.3 5 3.35 2 1.18 600 300 150 63 2
1A & 100 95-100 <15 1A & 1A1
1A1
1B & 100 <15 1B & 1B1
1B1
1C & 100 10-95 0-25 15 1C & 1C1
1C1
2A & 100 80-100 15-100 2A &
2B 2B
2C 100 15-80 15-80 2C
2D 100 80-100 0-20 2D
6A 100 0-100 0-85 0-45 0-5 6A
6B 100 0-10 6B
6C 100 0-100 0-100 0-35 0-10 0-2 6C
6D 100 89-100 60-100 30-100 15-80 5-48 0-15 6D
except 0-
20 for
crushed
rock
6E & 100 85-100 25- 10-100 <15 6E & 6R
6R 100
6F1 100 75-100 40-95 30-85 10-50 <15 6F1
6F2 & 100 80-100 65-100 45-100 15-60 10-45 0-25 0-12 6F2 &
6F9 6F9
6F3 100 80-100 65-100 45-100 15-60 10-45 0-25 0-12 6F3
6F6 100 85-100 40-70 25-45 8-22 <8 6F6
Note 1
6H 100 60-100 15-45 0-25 0-5 6H
6I & 6J 100 85-100 25-100 15-100 9-100 <15 6I & 6J
6K 100 0-10 6K
6L 100 89-100 60-100 30-100 15-100 5-70 0-15 6L
except 0-
20 for
crushed
rock
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TABLE 6/3: Limits of Material Properties of Fill for Use With Metal Components in Reinforced Soil and Anchored Earth Structures for
Class 6H, 6I, 6J, 7C and 7D Materials
Reinforcing Properties of Fill
Element pH Value Max Chloride Max Max Water Maximum Minimum Minimum Microbial
Material Min Max Ion Content Organic Soluble (WS) Oxidisable Restivity Redox Activity Index
Content Sulfate Content Sulfides (OS) Ohm.cm Potential
%
mg/l as SO4 Content volts
%
% as SO4
Galvanised 5 10 0.02 0.2 300 0.06 5000 0.40 Less than 5
Steel
Stainless 5 10 0.025 0.2 600 0.12 3000 0.35 Less than 5
Steel
Notes:
1 A method of calculating the Microbial Activity Index may be obtained by reference to TRRL Contractor Report 54 ‘Soil Corrosivity Assessment’.
2 The corrosion potential of frictional fill shall be assessed from resistivity, pH, chloride, water soluble sulfate and oxidisable sulfides tests. For cohesive soil it will be necessary
to test additionally for organic content. Should either organic content or sulfate be in excess of the specified levels, then tests shall also be included for Redox Potential and Microbial
Activity Index.
3 The water soluble sulfate content and oxidisable sulfides content shall be determined in accordance with the methods described in TRL Report 447, Tests Nos 1, 2 and 4.
4 Methods of test (except for Microbial Activity Index, water soluble sulfate content and oxidisable sulfides content) are given in BS 1377: Part 3.
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TABLE 6/4: Method Compaction for Earthworks Materials: Plant and Methods (Method 1 to Method 6)
This Table is to be read in conjunction with sub-Clause 612.10)
Type of Compaction Ref Category Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 5 Method 6
Plant No. D N# D N# D N# D N D N N for N for N for
D = 110 mm D = 150 mm D = 250 mm
Smoothed wheeled roller Mass per metre width of roll:
(or vibratory roller 1 over 2100 kg up to 2700 kg 125 8 125 10 125 10* 175 4 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
operating without
2 over 2700 kg up to 5400 kg 125 6 125 8 125 8* 200 4 unsuitable 16 unsuitable unsuitable
vibration)
3 over 5400 kg 150 4 150 8 unsuitable 300 4 unsuitable 8 16 unsuitable
Grid roller Mass per metre width of roll:
1 over 2700 kg up to 5400 kg 150 10 unsuitable 150 10 250 4 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 5400 kg up to 8000 kg 150 8 125 12 unsuitable 325 4 unsuitable 20 unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 8000 kg 150 4 150 12 unsuitable 400 4 unsuitable 12 20 unsuitable
Deadweight tamping roller Mass per metre width of roll:
1 over 4000 kg up to 6000 kg 225 4 150 12 250 4 350 4 unsuitable 12 20 unsuitable
2 over 6000 kg 300 5 200 12 300 3 400 4 unsuitable 8 12 20
Pneumatic-tyred roller Mass per wheel:
1 over 1000 kg up to 1500 kg 125 6 unsuitable 150 10* 240 4 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 1500 kg up to 2000 kg 150 5 unsuitable unsuitable 300 4 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 2000 kg up to 2500 kg 175 4 125 12 unsuitable 350 4 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
4 over 2500 kg up to 4000 kg 225 4 125 10 unsuitable 400 4 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
5 over 4000 kg up to 6000 kg 300 4 125 10 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable 12 unsuitable unsuitable
6 over 6000 kg up to 8000 kg 350 4 150 8 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable 12 unsuitable unsuitable
7 over 8000 kg up to 12000 kg 400 4 150 8 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable 10 16 unsuitable
8 over 12000 kg 450 4 175 6 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable 8 12 unsuitable
Vibratory tamping roller Mass per metre width of a
vibrating roll:
1 over 700 kg up to 1300 kg 100 12 100 12 150 12 100 10 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 1300 kg up to 1800 kg 125 12 125 12 175 12* 175 8 unsuitable 12 unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 1800 kg up to 2300 kg 150 12 150 12 200 12* unsuitable unsuitable 8 12 unsuitable
4 over 2300 kg up to 2900 kg 150 9 150 9 250 12* unsuitable 400 5 6 10 unsuitable
5 over 2900 kg up to 3600 kg 200 9 200 9 275 12* unsuitable 500 6 6 10 unsuitable
6 over 3600 kg up to 4300 kg 225 9 225 9 300 12* unsuitable 600 6 4 8 unsuitable
7 over 4300 kg up to 5000 kg 250 9 250 9 300 9* unsuitable 700 6 3 7 12
8 over 5000 kg 275 9 275 9 300 7* unsuitable 800 6 3 6 10
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TABLE 6/4: Method Compaction for Earthworks Materials: Plant and Methods (Method 1 to Method 6)
This Table is to be read in conjunction with sub-Clause 612.10) (Continued)
Type of Compaction Ref Category Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 5 Method 6
Plant No. D N# D N# D N# Δ N D N N for N for N for
D = 110 mm D = 150 mm D = 250 mm
Vibratory roller Mass per metre width of
vibratory roll:
1 over 270 kg up to 450 kg unsuitable 75 16 150 16 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 450 kg up to 700 kg unsuitable 75 12 150 12 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 700 kg up to 1300 kg 100 12 125 10 150 6 125 10 unsuitable 16 unsuitable unsuitable
4 over 1300 kg up to 1800 kg 125 8 150 8 200 10* 175 4 unsuitable 6 16 unsuitable
5 over 1800 kg up to 2300 kg 150 4 150 4 225 12* unsuitable unsuitable 4 6 12
6 over 2300 kg up to 2900 kg 175 4 175 4 250 10* unsuitable 400 5 3 5 11
7 over 2900 kg up to 3600 kg 200 4 200 4 275 8* unsuitable 500 5 3 5 10
8 over 3600 kg up to 4300 kg 225 4 225 4 300 8* unsuitable 600 5 2 4 8
9 over 4300 kg up to 5000 kg 250 4 250 4 300 6* unsuitable 700 5 2 4 7
10 over 5000 kg 275 4 275 4 300 4* unsuitable 800 5 2 3 6
Vibrating plate compactor Mass per m2 of base plate:
1 over 880 kg up to 1100 kg unsuitable unsuitable 75 6 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 1100 kg up to 1200 kg unsuitable 75 10 100 6 75 10 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 1200 kg up to 1400 kg unsuitable 75 6 150 6 150 8 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
4 over 1400 kg up to 1800 kg 100 6 125 6 150 4 unsuitable unsuitable 8 unsuitable unsuitable
5 over 1800 kg up to 2100 kg 150 6 150 5 200 4 unsuitable unsuitable 5 8 unsuitable
6 over 2100 kg 200 6 200 5 250 4 unsuitable unsuitable 3 6 12
Vibro-tamper Mass:
1 over 50 kg up to 65 kg 100 3 100 3 150 3 125 3 unsuitable 4 8 unsuitable
2 over 65 kg up to 75 kg 125 3 125 3 200 3 150 3 unsuitable 3 6 12
3 over 75 kg up to 100 kg 150 3 150 3 225 3 175 3 unsuitable 2 4 10
4 over 100 kg 225 3 200 3 225 3 250 3 unsuitable 2 4 10
Power rammer Mass:
1 100 kg up to 500 kg 150 4 150 6 unsuitable 200 4 unsuitable 5 8 unsuitable
2 over 500 kg 275 8 275 12 unsuitable 400 4 unsuitable 5 8 14
Dropping-weight Mass of rammer over 500 kg
compactor weight drop:
1 over 1 m up to 2 m 600 4 600 8 450 8 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 2 m 600 2 600 8 unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable unsuitable
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TABLE 6/4: Method Compaction for Earthworks Materials: Plant and Methods (Method 7) (This
Table is to be read in conjunction with sub-Clause 612.10) (Continued)
Type of Compaction Plant Ref~ Category Method 7
No. N for N for
D = 150 mm D = 250mm
Smooth wheeled roller Mass per metre width of roll:
(or vibratory roller operating without 1 over 2100 kg up to 2700 kg unsuitable unsuitable
vibration) 2 over 2700 kg up to 5400 kg unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 5400 kg 12 unsuitable
Grid roller Mass per metre width of roll:
1 over 2700 kg up to 5400 kg unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 5400 kg up to 8000 kg 16 unsuitable
3 over 8000 kg 8 unsuitable
Deadweight tamping roller Mass per metre width of roll:
1 over 4000 kg up to 6000 kg 4 8
2 over 6000 kg 3 6
Pneumatic-tyred roller Mass per wheel:
1 over 1000 kg up to 1500 kg unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 1500 kg up to 2000 kg 12 unsuitable
3 over 2000 kg up to 2500 kg 6 unsuitable
4 over 2500 kg up to 4000 kg 5 unsuitable
5 over 4000 kg up to 6000 kg 4 16
6 over 6000 kg up to 8000 kg unsuitable 8
7 over 8000 kg up to 12000 kg unsuitable 4
8 over 12000 kg unsuitable 4
Vibratory tamping roller Mass per metre width of vibrating roll:
1 over 700 kg up to 1300 kg unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 1300 kg up to 1800 kg unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 1800 kg up to 2300 kg 16 unsuitable
4 over 2300 kg up to 2900 kg 12 unsuitable
5 over 2900 kg up to 3600 kg 10 unsuitable
6 over 3600 kg up to 4300 kg 8 16
7 over 4300 kg up to 5000 kg 7 14
8 over 5000 kg 6 12
Vibratory roller Mass per metre width of vibrating roll:
1 over 270 kg up to 450 kg unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 450 kg up to 700 kg unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 700 kg up to 1300 kg unsuitable unsuitable
4 over 1300 kg up to 1800 kg unsuitable unsuitable
5 over 1800 kg up to 2300 kg 12 unsuitable
6 over 2300 kg up to 2900 kg 10 unsuitable
7 over 2900 kg up to 3600 kg 10 unsuitable
8 over 3600 kg up to 4300 kg 8 unsuitable
9 over 4300 kg up to 5000 kg 8 unsuitable
10 over 5000 kg 6 12
Vibratory plate compactor Mass per m2 of base plate:
1 over 880 kg up to 1100 kg unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 1100 kg up to 1200 kg unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 1200 kg up to 1400 kg unsuitable unsuitable
4 over 1400 kg up to 1800 kg 10 unsuitable
5 over 1800 kg up to 2100 kg 8 unsuitable
6 over 2100 kg 6 unsuitable
Vibro-tamper Mass:
1 over 50 kg up to 65 kg unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 65 kg up to 75 kg unsuitable unsuitable
3 over 75 kg up to 100 kg unsuitable unsuitable
4 over 100 kg 8 unsuitable
Power rammer Mass:
1 100 kg up to 500 kg 8 unsuitable
2 over 500 kg 6 10
Dropping weight compactor Mass of rammer over 500 kg height drop:
1 over 1 m up to 2 m unsuitable unsuitable
2 over 2 m unsuitable unsuitable
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TABLE 6/5: Imported Onto Site Grading Requirements for Class 6 Acceptable Earthworks Materials
Percentage by Mass Passing the Size Shown
Class Size Size (mm) Size (microns) BS EN Class
(mm) BS EN 933-2 Series 933-2 Series
500 300 125 80 63 40 31.5 20 16 10 8 6.3 4 2 1 500 250 125 63 0
6A 100 0-100 0-85 0-45 0-5 6A
6B 100 0-10 6B
6C 100 0-100 0-100 0-35 0-10 0-2 6C
6D 100 85-100 60-100 30-100 15-80 5-48 0-15 6D
except
0-20
for
crushed
rock
6E & 100 85-100 25-100 10-100 <15 6E &
6R 6R
6F3 100 75-99 50-90 30-75 15-60 0-35 0-12 6F3
6F4 100 75-99 50-90 30-75 15-60 0-35 <15 6F4
6F5 & 100 75-99 50-90 30-75 15-60 0-35 0-12 6F5 &
6F9 6F9
6F6 100 85- 40-70 25-45 8-22 <8 6F6
Note1 100
6H 100 60-100 15-45 0-25 0-5 6H
6I & 6J 100 85-100 25-100 15-100 9-100 <15 6I &
6J
6K 100 0-10 6K
6L 100 85-100 60-100 30-100 15-100 5-70 0-15 6L
except
0-20
for
crushed
rock
6M 100 0-10 6M
6N & 100 <15 6N &
6P 6P
6S 100 60-100 30-90 8-45 0-16 6S
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TABLE 6/6: Records and Reports - Information Required
Date
Contract title
Area identification
Unique grid location
Ground level at commencement
In-situ Testing (General)
For each area tested:
Date
Contract Title
Area identification
Test position, co-ordinates and level
Method of test used
All information required by appropriate British Standard test procedure
Ground Treatment (Vibro stone columns)
For each column/area treated:
Material used
Approximate column diameter
Depth of penetration of each compaction point Vibrator power consumption during operation Jetting
pressure (where applicable)
Duration of penetration Duration of compaction Obstructions and delays
Number and type of tests carried out
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TABLE 6/7 Material Sources and Source Codes for Imported Materials
This table is taken from BS EN 13242:2013 which was published on 31st May 2013 and subsequently withdrawn on
10th January 2014. All other specification requirements which reference BS EN 13242 shall be taken as reference to
the version of that standard current at the Contract Reference Document Date unless otherwise detailed in the contract
specific specification.
Source Source Sub-Code Specific Material
Code
P Natural Aggregates P All petrographic types included in BS EN 932-3
A Construction and demolition recycling A1 Reclaimed asphalt
industries
A2 Crushed concrete
A3 Crushed bricks, masonry
A4 Mix of A1, A2 and A3
B Municipal solid waste incineration B1 Municipal incinerator bottom ash (excluding fly ash) (MIBA)
industry
B2 Municipal incinerator fly ash (MIFA)
C Coal Power Generation Industry C1 Coal fly ash
C2 Fluidised bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA)
C3 Boiler slag
C4 Coal bottom ash
C5 Fluidised bed combustion bottom ash (FBC bottom ash)
D Iron and steel industry D1 Granulated blast furnace slag (GBS)
D2 Air-cooled blast furnace slag (ABS)
D3 Basic oxygen furnace slag (converter slag, BOS)
D4 Electric arc furnace slag (from carbon steel production, EAF C)
D5 Electric arc furnace slag (from stainless/high alloy steel production,
EAF S)
D6 Ferrochromium slag
E Non ferrous steel industry E1 Copper slag
E2 Molybdenum slag
E3 Zinc slag
E4 Phosphorous slag
F Foundry industry F1 Foundry sand
F2 Foundry cupola furnace slag
G Mining and quarry industry G1 Red coal shale
G2 Refuse from hard coal mining (black coal shale)
G3 Pre-selected all-in from quarry/mining
G4 Spent oil shale
H Maintenance dredging works H1 Dredge spoil sand
H2 Dredge spoil clay
I Miscellaneous I1 Excavated soil
I2 Paper sludge ash
I3 Sewage sludge incineration ash (municipal)
I4 Biomass ash
I5 Crushed glass
I6 Expanded clay
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