MARPOL

An Introduction
Torrey Canyon
Argo Merchant - Start at 1:30
AMOCO CADIZ
EXXON VALDEZ
PRESTIGE
 MARPOL: A brief history
1954:
OILPOL 1997:
1973:
1978 Protocol
• Amended MARPOL
1962, 1969 Protocol Annex
and 1971 Convention VI

1967: 1976: ARGO

TORREY 1978: AMOCO 2002: PRESTIGE
MERCHANT CADIZ
CANYON
Major Tanker Spills

Source: Greenpeace
STATUS OF MARPOL 73/78

153+ countries 153+ countries 148 countries 142 countries 153 countries 153 countries
99% world tonnage 99% world tonnage 98.81% world tonnage 96.54% world tonnage 98.97% world tonnage 98.97% world tonnage
 MARPOL Annex I

Regulation 2
Application

(1) Unless expressly provided otherwise, the

provisions of this Annex

shall apply to all ships !

MEPC 107(49) compliant Bilge Oily Water
separating system
Since 1 January 2005 all new build vessels must be equipped with an MEPC 107(49)
compliant Bilge Oily Water separating system with an oil content monitor.
The main components of such a system are:

 Bilge pump
 Oily-water collection tank
 Oil-water separating device (OWS)
 Piping to the OWS
 An overboard discharge pipe out of the OWS connected to an oil content monitor
 A two-way shut-off valve on the discharge pipe capable of shunting any discharge over
15 ppm back into the oily water collection tank
 Piping for extracting oil from the OWS
 Oil collection/slops tank for oil extracted by the OWS.

The regulation MEPC 107(49) was introduced because the previous devices compliant
with the former regulation MEPC 60(33) did not effectively reduce the concentrations of
emulsified to the 15 ppm level.
Oily Water Separator

Oily Water Separator Operation

Oil Content Meter

The OCM uses light beams to determine

how oily the water in the system is. The
system will then gauge the oil
concentration based on a light intensity
meter. Modern oil content meters also have
a data logging system that can store oil
concentration measurements for more than
18 months
Oil Record Book (Reg 17 & 36)
Oil Tanker 150 GT and greater must have Part I
& Part II
Part I – Machinery Space Operations
Part II – Cargo Ballast Operations
Every ship 400 GT and greater must have Part I
Oil Record Book Introduction
Oil Record Book-Part I
Oil Record Book-Part II
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
Reg. 37
Oil Tanker 150 GT and greater
Every ship 400 GT and greater
Contents: US requires six
sections:
Intro
Preamble
Reporting
Steps to Control Discharge
National and Local
Coordination
Appendixes
MARPOL Annex I Special Areas

What is a Special Area?

A sea area considered to be so vulnerable to pollution
by oil that oil discharges within them have been
completely prohibited, with minor and well-defined
exceptions.
Provided with a higher level of protection than other
areas of the sea
 Special Areas

1. Mediterranean Sea
2. Baltic Sea
3. Black Sea
4. Red Sea
5. Gulfs area (Persian)
6. Gulf of Aden
7. Antarctic
8. North West European Waters
9.Oman area of the Arabian Seas
10.Southern South African Waters
Required Pollution Control Equipment

Slop Tanks
Sludge Tanks
Oily Water Separators
Oil Discharge Monitors
Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment (ODME) –
on tank ships
Slop vs. Sludge
Slop: tank draining, tank
washings and other oil
mixtures (Reg. 29)

Sludge: oil residues…

resulting from fuel oil &
lube oil purification and
oil leakages into
machinery space bilges
(all ships 400 gt and
above) (Reg. 12) Sludge tank
Regulation 15 A:
Discharges Outside Special Areas
SHIP TYPE AND SIZE DISCHARGE CRITERIA
NO DISCHARGE except when
1. The ship is proceeding en route
2. The oily mixture is processed through an oil
filtering equipment, complying with reg. 14.6
(15 ppm)
All ships 400 GT
[Reg. 15.2] 3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution
does not exceed 15 PPM
4. The oily mixture does not originate from
cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is
not mixed with oil cargo residues
Regulation 15 B:
Discharges Inside Special Areas
SHIP TYPE AND SIZE DISCHARGE CRITERIA
NO DISCHARGE except when

1. The ship is proceeding en route

2. The oily mixture is processed through an oil
filtering equipment, complying with reg. 14.7
(alarm & stopping device)
All ships 400 GT 3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution
[Reg. 15.3] does not exceed 15 PPM
4. The oily mixture does not originate from
cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is
not mixed with oil cargo residues
NO DISCHARGE in the Antarctic area
Hull Type – Single vs. Double
Regulation 19
Double hull and double bottom requirements for oil tankers
delivered on or after July 6th, 1996
Regulation 20
Double hull and double bottom requirements for oil tankers
delivered before July 6th, 1996
Single Hull Double Hull
Tank Vessel Profit

Damage to the Tank Vessel PROFIT after a collision with the Motor
Vessel IMPERIAL SPIRIT 30 miles off of the coast of Galveston,
Texas, May 30, 2013. The collision caused damage to both vessels,
but no injury or pollution occurred during the incident.

U.S Coast Guard Photo.

 U.S. Coast Guard Officer Indicted for
Lying About Vessel Pollution
2007, HONOLULU – David G. Williams, a Chief Warrant
Officer in the U.S. Coast Guard and the Main Propulsion
Assistant for the Coast Guard Cutter RUSH, was indicted
for obstructing the investigation into his authorization of
the direct overboard discharge of bilge wastes into the
Honolulu Harbor...
…In March 2006, Williams authorized the direct discharge of
2,000 gallons of bilge wastes.. Ship personnel engaged in
an unusual and abnormal operation and configuration of
engine room equipment to pump bilge wastes from the
aft bilge directly overboard, thereby bypassing the “oily
water separator” (OWS) system.
Port State Control
Clear Grounds • Certificates
No more favorable treatment (Article 5)
 “Clear Grounds”
Evidence that the ship, its equipment, or its
crew does not correspond substantially with
the requirements of the relevant conventions
or that the master or crew members are not
familiar with essential shipboard procedures
relating to the safety of ships or the prevention
of pollution.
Expanding the Exam

Anything that leads you to believe the

equipment is not functioning properly and/or
the crew has demonstrated their unfamiliarity
with the applicable requirements
“Clear Grounds”
 MARPOL obligation to provide PRF

MARPOL requires Port State to provide adequate

facilities (without causing undue delay)

“[…] failure to establish adequate facilities is a

breach of international obligations
and will increase the risk of illegal discharges from ships.”
(MEPC 67/11)
 Definition of adequacy – MEPC 83(44)
“Adequate facilities can be defined as those
which:
 Mariners use;
 fully meet the needs of the ships regularly
using them;
 do not provide mariners with a disincentive
to use them;
 contribute to the improvement of the
marine environment;
 allow for the ultimate disposal of ship’s
wastes to take place in an environmentally
appropriate way.” (MEPC 83(44))
“MARPOL provisions require the government of each party to ensure the provision of
adequate port reception facilities without causing undue delay.” (Comprehensive
Manual on PRF, IMO 1999)
 Type of wastes expected to be collected

PRF must be able to collect: Intention of MARPOL was to provide

-Mixtures containing oil facilities to collect substances
harmful for the environment.
-Noxious liquids

-Sewage (e.g. Ferry Baltic) Additional sources of

contaminations are now
-Garbage
considered :
-Ozone Depleting Substances
BW and sediments
-Residues from exhaust cleaning
systems (scrubbers) AFS + Biofouling
 Common alleged inadequacy as per GISIS
• No facility available at all
• No barge/means to discharge (slops/bilge water/sludge)
Shipping • Impossible to connect ship/shore
companies are • No facilities to discharge NLS
encouraged to • Inappropriate facilities to discharge sewage
• No facilities to accept ODS
report
• Refusal to collect exhaust gas-cleaning residues
inadequacy • Garbage not accepted
through Flag • Oily rags not accepted
State to IMO and • No discharge of medical medicines / wastes
to appropriate • Undue delay
• Unreasonable charges
Port State
• Wrong communication / miscommunication (e.g. no reply
from ship requests), etc.
 IMO Consolidated Guidance for Port Reception
Facility Providers and users (MEPC.1/Circ.834)
This 2014 document presents procedures for delivering and receiving ship-
generated wastes

Composed of two parts and appendices

First part – Good practices for shipmasters, ship-owners and operators

Second part – Good practices for Port Reception Facility Operators

Appendix 1 – Format for reporting alleged inadequacy

Appendix 2 – Standard format of the Advance Notification Form for
waste delivery to PRF
Appendix 3 – Standard format for the waste delivery receipt
Appendix 4 – Waste reception facility reporting requirements

 Since 1st MEPC, IMO works on PRF, last document “Port Reception
Facilities - How to do it”
Questions?
 MARPOL Annex II
Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious
liquid substances in bulk
*UNDERSTAND the basis for and reasoning behind
the requirements in MARPOL Annex II

*DETERMINE the documentation to be examined

for pollution prevention.

*IDENTIFY the International regulations governing

pollution prevention and the associated equipment
to be examined.
Bunga Alpinia Fire

• July 26, 2012 – An explosion and fire (lightning strike) engulfs a 38,000 DWT IMO II
chemical/palm oil tanker, BUNGA ALPINIA, while in-port Labuan, Malaysia.
• 3 crewmembers died in the accident.
• Significant concern about tanker catching a methanol silo on fire
(fortunately it didn’t happen)
*Chemicals can be dangerous to:
• Humans
• Environment
• Reactive with water
• Emit harmful vapors and gases
• Reactive with metals (the ship)
• Reactive to each other
• On a ship which may have 50 different cargo tanks, the risk of
danger to the people, the ship, the cargo and the
environment is extremely high
• Careful planning and loading is essential to ensure
safe transport.
*Chemical transportation technically and logistically different from oil
transportation
Ships often have
* 50 plus tanks means complex and advanced construction
* tank construction type for containment
* pumping requirements
* tank coating compatibility
* venting requirements
* gauging equipment
* vapour detection
* fire protection medium
* 50 plus tanks means complex and advanced operation
* cross compatibility with other cargoes carried
* heating requirements
* environmental controls if required e.g. inerting
* inhibition requirements
* density limitations of the product in relation to the cargo tank construction
Chapter 1 — General
Chapter 2 — Categorization of noxious liquid
ssubstances
Chapter 3 — Surveys and certification
Chapter 4 — Design, construction, arrangement and equipment
Chapter 5 — Operational discharges of residues of NLS
Chapter 6 — Measures of control by Port States
Chapter 7 — Prevention of pollution arising from an incident
involving NLS
Chapter 8 — Reception facilities
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL
Regulation 1 Definitions – NLS

Noxious Liquid Substance (NLS)

Any substance indicated in the Pollution Category column of Chapter 17 or 18 of the
International Bulk Chemical Code or provisionally assessed under the provisions of
regulation 6.3 as falling into Category X, Y or Z.

Liquid Substances
Those having a vapor pressure not exceeding 0.28 MPa absolute at a
temperature of 37.8 deg C.
NLS tanker
Means a ship constructed or adapated to carry a cargo of
noxious liquid substances in bulk and includes “oil tanker” as
defined in Annex I of the present Convention when certified to
carry a cargo or part cargo of noxious liquid substances in bulk.

Chemical tanker
Means a ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of
any liquid product listed in Chapter 17 of the International Bulk
Chemical Code.
Chapter 1, Regulation 2 - Application
• Unless expressly provided otherwise the provisions
of this Annex shall apply to all ships certified to
carry Noxious Liquid Substances in bulk.

• Where a cargo subject to the provisions of Annex I of

MARPOL is carried in a cargo space of an NLS tanker,
the appropriate requirements of Annex I shall also
apply.
 Regulations for the Control of Pollution by
Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk
SOLAS Chapter VII
MARPOL 73/78 Annex II
+
BCH or IBC Code
The revised Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 was adopted on 15
October 2004 and entered +into force on 1 January 2007
BCH: Code for the Construction and
Equipment of Ships Carrying
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk adopted
by the MEPC by resolution
MEPC.20(22); Ships built before 1/7
1986

IBC: The International Code for the

Construction and Equipment of Ships
Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
adopted by the MEPC by resolution
MEPC.19(22); Ships built after 1/7
1986
Vapor Pressure: Is Vapor
the pressure of a vapor in
contact with its liquid or
Pressure YES
solid form. > .28 MPa at Liquefied Gas
(Gas Carrier Code)
MPa: Mega Pascals
37.8°C?
1 MPa = 145 PSI

NO

YES NO MARPOL Annex II

Is Product
MARPOL Annex I and
an Oil? IBC Code

Source: Gerson (2010)

To simplify things…

*Documentation
*Pollution Categories
*Ship type requirements
*Operational requirements (for actual carriage of
chemicals in bulk)
*What has to be onboard?
*Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous
Chemicals in Bulk (COF); OR
*International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the
Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS Certificate)
*Procedures and Arrangements Manual (P&A Manual)
*Cargo Record Book (CRB)
*Shipboard marine pollution and emergency plan for
noxious liquid substances (SMPEP)
*Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in
Bulk (COF)
*International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of
Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS Certificate)
*Guidance in format listed in Appendix III of Annex II
*Procedures and Arrangements Manual (P&A
Manual)
* Chapter 5, Regulation 14
* Guidance on standard format in Appendix IV of Annex II
* Index of Sections
• Section 1 – Main features of MARPOL Annex II
• Section 2 – Description of ship’s equipment and arrangements
• Section 3 – Cargo unloading procedures and tank stripping
• Section 4 – Procedures relating to the cleaning of cargo
tanks, the discharge of residues, ballasting and deballasting
• Section 5 – Information and Procedures
 Table 2 - Cargo tank info
 Addendum A – Flow diagram
 Addendum B – Prewash procedures
 Addendum C – Ventilation procedures
 Addendum D – Additional information and
operational instructions when required
* Language of crew, with translation into English, French or
Spanish
* Cargo Record Book (CRB)
* Chapter 5, Regulation 15
* Guidance on standard format in Appendix II of Annex II
*List of items to be recorded:
* (A) Loading of cargo
* (B) Internal transfer of cargo
* (C) Unloading cargo
* (D) Mandatory prewash in accordance with P&A Manual
* (E) Cleaning of cargo tanks except mandatory prewash
* (F) Discharge into the sea of tank washings
* (G) Ballasting of cargo tanks
* (H) Discharge of ballast water from cargo tanks
* (I) Accidental or other exceptional discharge
* (J) Control by authorized surveyors
* Shipboard Pollution and Emergency Plan for NLS (SMPEP)
* Chapter 7, Regulation 17
* For ships of 150 GT carrying NLS
* Table of Contents:
* Ship identification data
* Table of Contents
* Record of Changes
* Section 1: Preamble
* Section 2: Reporting Requirements
* Section 3: Steps to Control Discharges
* Section 4: National and Local Coordination
* Minimum Appendices
* List of Coastal State Contacts
* List of Port Contacts
* List of Ship Interest Contacts
* Ship’s Drawings
* General Arrangement Plan
* Tank Plan

* Fuel Oil Piping Diagram

MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 2, Regulation 6
Categorization and listing of NLS and other substances

Noxious Liquid Substances are divided into following categories:

1.Category X: NLS which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballasting
operations, present a major hazard to either marine resources or human health and,
therefore, justify the prohibition of discharge

2.Category Y: NLS which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballasting
operations, present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm
to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the
quality and quantity of discharge

3.Category Z: NLS which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or de-ballasting
operations, present a minor hazard to either marine resources or human health and
therefore justify less stringent restrictions on the quality and quantity of discharge

4.Other Substances (OS): In chapter 18 of the IBC Code which fall outside X, Y or Z;
present no harm to marine resources, human health, etc
Type 1: chemical tanker for transport of products to present greatest overall hazard.

Type 2: transport products with appreciable severe environmental and safety hazards which require
significant preventative measures to preclude escape of cargo

Type 3: chemical tanker to transport products with sufficiently severe environmental and safety
hazards.
 CHAPTER 4 - DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT AND
EQUIPMENT
Regulation 11 - Design, construction, equipment and operations

The design, construction, equipment and operation of ships certified to carry

Noxious Liquid Substances in bulk identified in chapter 17 of the International
Bulk Chemical Code, shall be in compliance with:

1. The International Bulk Chemical Code when the chemical tanker is

constructed on or after 1 July 1986
or
2. The Bulk Chemical Code for ships constructed before 1 July 1986
Chapters
11 –Fire protection and fire extinction
1 – General, Definitions
12 – Mechanical ventilation in the cargo
2 – Ship survival capability and location of area
cargo tanks 13 – Instrumentation
• Damage survivability (based on ship 14 – Personnel protection
type)
15 – Special requirements
3 – Ship arrangements (cargo segregation)
16 – Operational requirements
4 – Cargo containment (tank type)
17- Summary of minimum requirements
5 – Cargo transfer
18 – List of products for which code does
6 – Materials of constructions, protective not apply
linings and coatings
19 – Index of products carried in bulk
7 – Cargo temperature control
20 – Transport of liquid chemical waste
8 – Cargo tank venting and gas-freeing 21 – Criteria for assigning carriage
arrangements
requirements for products subject to the
9 – Environmental controls IBC Code
10 – Electrical installations
INDEPENDENT TANK
Not part of the hull and not essential to the structural completeness of the hull

INTEGRAL TANK
Part of the hull and essential to the structural completeness of the hull

GRAVITY TANK
Having a design pressure not greater than 0.07 MPa at the top of the tank

PRESSURE TANK
Having a design
pressure greater
than 0.07 MPa,
and it shall be an
independent tank
 Chapter 8.3: Types of tank venting systems

8.3.1 Open tank venting system 8.3.2 Controlled tank venting

No restriction, except for friction losses, system
to the free flow of cargo vapors to and Pressure-and vacuum-relief valves or pressure /
from the cargo tanks during normal vacuum valves fitted to each tank to limit the
operations pressure or vacuum in the tank
Summary of minimum
requirements
EXPLANATORY NOTES
MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 5, Regulation 13
Operational discharges of residues of NLS

Discharge into the sea of residues of Category X, Y or Z

substances or ballast water, tank washings or other mixtures
containing such substances is prohibited, unless:

1. The tank has been emptied to the maximum extent.

2. The ship is proceeding en route at a speed of at least 7
knots.
3. The discharge is made below the waterline, not
exceeding the maximum rate.
4. The discharge is made at a distance of at least 12
nautical miles from the nearest land, and the water
depth is more than 25 metres.
• Guidance for ships built before 1 July 1994 and for those
built after
• Procedures for both non-solidifying and solidifying
substances
• For newer ships, wash water quantity based on
calculation as a function of tank volume and residual
quantity to remain in the tank

*Where would you find prewash procedures onboard?

 MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 5, Regulation 13
Operational discharges of residues of NLS

Discharge of residues of Category X:

1. Prewash of the tank
2. Residues to a reception facility until the residual
concentration of the substance in the washing
water is below 0.1% (= 1000 ppm) by weight.

When the required concentration level has been

achieved, remaining tank washings shall continue to be discharged to the
reception facility until the tank is empty.

Where would the crew make entries of the prewash?

MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 5, Regulation 13
Operational discharges of residues of NLS

Discharge of residues of Category Y and Z:

1. If the unloading is not carried out in accordance with
the Manual, the tank shall be prewashed before the
ship leaves the port of unloading.
The resulting tank washings of the prewash shall be
discharged to a reception facility.
For High-Viscosity or Solidifying Substances in Category Y the
following shall apply:
1. A prewash procedure shall be applied
2. The residue/water mixture generated during the
prewash shall be discharged to a reception facility
until the tank is empty
3. Any water subsequently introduced into the tank may be
discharged into the sea
MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 5, Regulation 13
Operational discharges of residues of NLS

Ballast and deballasting of cargo tanks

1.After unloading and, if required, after a prewash, a cargo tank may be
ballasted.

2. Ballast containing less than 1 ppm of the substance previously carried,

may be discharged without regard to the discharge rate, ship's speed and
discharge outlet location, provided that the ship is more than 2 miles
from the nearest land and the water depth is more than 25 metres.

Would this have to be recorded somewhere?

* Gravity Highway, 55,000 GT, was on its test-run when she collided with the
tanker ship Maritime Maisie that was carrying 29,337 tons of flammable
chemicals and lost 4,000 tons of chemicals acrylonitrile and paraxylene.

29 December 2013
MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 6, Regulation 16
Measures of control

Control of prewash
1 The Government of each Party to the Convention shall appoint or authorize “prewash”
surveyors, who shall execute control in accordance with regulations and control procedures.

2 When a surveyor has verified that an operation has been carried out in
accordance with the requirements of the Manual, or has granted an
exemption for a prewash, the surveyor shall make an entry in the Cargo
Record Book.

4 A tank which has carried a Category X substance shall be prewashed. Entries of these
operations shall be made in the Cargo Record Book and endorsed by the surveyor.

Port State Control on operational requirements

When in a port of another Party, a ship is subject to inspection concerning operational requirements,
where there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are not familiar with essential
shipboard procedures relating to the prevention of pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances.
MARPOL Annex II –
Chapter 6, Regulation 18
Reception facilities

Reception facilities and cargo unloading terminal arrangements

1 The Government shall ensure the provision of reception facilities

according to the needs of ships using its ports, terminals or repair
ports.

2 The Government shall notify the Organization thereof.

4 The Government shall ensure that cargo unloading terminals provide

arrangements to facilitate stripping of cargo tanks.

5 Each Party shall notify IMO of any case where facilities or

arrangements are alleged to be inadequate.
*Absence of Procedures & Agreements (P&A) Manual
*Cargo is not categorized
*No Cargo Record Book available
*Transport of oil-like substances without satisfying the
requirements
*Unauthorized discharge bypass fitted
Annex III of MARPOL 73/78
Prevention of Pollution by Harmful
Substances in Packaged Form
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES (in packaged form)
1. Application

• to all ships carrying harmful substances in packaged form, or in

freight containers, portable tanks or road and rail tank wagons
where:
"harmful substances” are the substances which are identified
as marine pollutants in the International Maritime Dangerous
Goods Code (IMDG Code).
“packaged form” is defined as the forms of containment
specified for harmful substances in the IMDG Code.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
1. Application cont.

• carrying harmful substances is prohibited,

except in accordance with the provisions
of the attached regulations

• Governments are obliged to issue detailed

requirements on packing, marking, labelling,
documentation, stowage, quantity limitations
and exceptions for preventing or minimizing
pollution of the marine environment by harmful
substances.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
1. Application cont.

• empty packaging which were used previously

for harmful substances shall themselves
be treated as harmful substances unless
suitable precautions are taken to ensure
that they contain no harmful residue.

• the requirements of this Annex do not apply

to ship’s stores and equipment.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
2. Packing, marking and labelling

• Packages shall be adequate to minimize the hazard to the

marine environment, having regard to their specific contents.

• Packages containing a harmful substance shall be

durably marked with the correct technical name
(trade names alone shall not be used) and,
durably marked or labelled to indicate that
the substance is a Marine Pollutant.

Such identification shall be supplemented

where possible by any other means, for example,
by use of the relevant United Nations number.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES

2. Packing, marking and labelling cont.

• The method of marking the correct technical name and

of affixing labels on packages containing a harmful substance
shall be identifiable on packages surviving at least three months’
immersion in the sea. In considering suitable marking and
labelling, the durability of the materials used and of the surface
of the package shall be taken into account.

• Packages containing small quantities of harmful

substances may be exempted from the marking
requirements.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
3. Documentation

• In all documents relating to the carriage of harmful substances by

sea, the correct technical name of each such substance shall be used
(trade names alone shall not be used) and the substance
further identified by the addition of the words “MARINE
POLLUTANT”.

• The shipping documents supplied by the shipper shall

include a signed certificate or declaration that the shipment
offered for carriage is properly packaged and marked, labelled
and in proper condition for carriage to minimize the hazard to the
marine environment.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
3. Documentation cont.

A special list or manifest indicating the harmful substances on board and

their location shall be on board each ship carrying harmful substances.

A detailed stowage plan which shows the location of the harmful

substances on board may be used instead of such special list or manifest.

Copies of such documents shall also be retained on shore by the

owner of the ship or his representative until the harmful substances
are unloaded. A copy of one of these documents shall be made
available before departure to the person or organization designated
by the Port State Authority.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
3. Documentation cont.

• At any stopover, where any loading or unloading operations

are carried out, a revision of the documents listing
the harmful substances taken on board shall be
made available before departure

Note: When the ship carries a special list or manifest or a detailed stowage plan
required for the carriage of dangerous goods by SOLAS, the documents
required by this regulation may be combined with those for Harmful Substances.
Where documents are combined, a clear distinction shall be made between
dangerous goods and harmful substances covered by Annex III
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES

4. Stowage and quantity limitations

• Harmful substances shall be properly stowed and secured

to minimize the hazards to the marine environment
without impairing the safety of the ship and persons on board.

• Certain harmful substances may, for scientific and technical

reasons, need to be prohibited for carriage or be
limited to the quantity which may be carried aboard any ship.
In limiting the quantity, due consideration shall be given to
size, construction and equipment of the ship, as well as the
packaging and the inherent nature of the substances.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
5. Exceptions

• Jettisoning of harmful substances carried in packaged form

shall be prohibited, except where necessary for the purpose
of securing the safety of the ship or saving life at sea.

• Appropriate measures based on the physical, chemical and

biological properties of harmful substances shall be taken to
control the washing of leakages overboard, provided it
would not impair the safety of the ship and persons on board.
 PREVENTING POLLUTION BY HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
6. Port State Control on operational requirements*

1. when in port a ship can be inspected by authorized PSC officers

2. if the master or crew are not familiar with essential shipboard

procedures preventing pollution by harmful substances, all
should be done to ensure that the situation has been brought to order

3. if ships equipment is broken or missing or ship has suffered

damages en route, Port Authorities must be informed accordingly
and if remedies were agreed with the flag state, the ship is not
to be detained.

* Refer to the Procedures for port State control resolution

A.787(19) as amended by resolution A.882(21);
 An Introduction to the IMDG Code

The objective of the International Maritime

Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code is to:

• Enhance the safe transport of dangerous goods

• Protect the marine environment

• Facilitate the free unrestricted movement of

dangerous goods
 An Introduction to the IMDG Code
Chemicals which are carried in packaged form, in solid form or in bulk
are regulated by Part A of SOLAS Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous
goods, which includes provisions for the classification, packing, marking,
labelling and placarding, documentation and stowage of dangerous
goods.

MARPOL Annex III also sets out regulations for the prevention of
pollution by harmful substances in packaged form and includes general
requirements for the issuing of detailed standards on packing, marking,
labelling, documentation, stowage, quantity limitations, exceptions and
notifications for preventing pollution by harmful substances. For the
purpose of Annex III, “harmful substances” are those identified as
“marine pollutants” in the IMDG Code.

Both SOLAS and MARPOL refer to the International Maritime Dangerous

Goods (IMDG) Code, which was developed by IMO as a uniform
international code for the transport of dangerous goods by sea.
 The International Legal Framework
The International Maritime Organization (IMO)
The IMO has developed two international conventions to address these issues:

•The SOLAS Convention (covering safety of life at sea)

•The MARPOL Convention (covering pollution prevention)

To supplement the principles laid down in the SOLAS and MARPOL Conventions, the
IMO developed the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code.

The IMDG code contains detailed technical specifications to enable dangerous goods
to be transported safely by sea.

The IMDG Code became mandatory for adoption by SOLAS signatory states from 1st
January 2004.
 Principles of the IMDG Code
The IMDG Code is based on an internationally agreed system which:
• Groups dangerous goods together based on the hazards they present in transport
(classification).

• Contains the dangerous goods in packagings/tanks which are of appropriate strength

and which will prevent the goods escaping.

• Uses hazard warning labels and other identifying marks to identify dangerous goods in
transport.

• Requires standard documentation to be provided when dangerous goods are being

transported.

• Lays down principles for ensuring that dangerous goods which will react dangerously
together are kept apart.

• Lays down principles for where to place dangerous goods on board ship to ensure safe
transport.

• Provides emergency response advice for dangerous goods involved in a fire or spillage
on board ship.
 Principles of the IMDG Code

Updating the IMDG Code

The IMDG Code is evolving and is updated every two

years to take account of:

• New dangerous goods which have to be included.

• New technology and methods of working with or

handling
dangerous goods.

• Safety concerns which arise as a result of

experience.
 Layout of the IMDG Code
The Code comprises 7 parts.

It is presented in two books; Volume 1 and Volume 2.

It is necessary to use both books to obtain the required information

when shipping dangerous goods by sea.

The Code also contains a Supplement.

 Layout of the IMDG Code
Volume 1 (Parts 1-2 & 4-7 of the Code) comprises:

Part 1 General provisions, definitions and training

Part 2 Classification

Part 4 Packing and tank provisions

Part 5 Consignment procedures

Part 6 Provisions for the construction and testing of pressure

receptacles, aerosol dispensers, small receptacles
containing gas (gas cartridges) and fuel cell cartridges containing
liquefied flammable gas

Part 7 Requirements concerning transport operations

 Layout of the IMDG Code
Volume 2 (Part 3 and the Appendices of the Code) comprises:

Part 3 Dangerous Goods List (DGL), Special Provisions

Limited and Excepted Quantities Exceptions

Appendix A List of Generic and N.O.S. (Not Otherwise Specified)

Proper Shipping Names

Appendix B Glossary of terms

Alphabetical Index
Layout of the IMDG Code Supplement
The supplement contains the following texts related to the Code:

• Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods

• Medical First Aid Guide

• Reporting Procedures

• IMO/ILO/ECE Guidelines for Packing Cargo Transport Units

• Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships, Cargo Holds and CTUs

• International Code for the Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel,

Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships
 IMDG Code Classification System

The purpose of the IMDG Code’s classification system is:

• To distinguish between goods which are considered to be

dangerous for transport and those which are not.

• To identify the dangers which are presented by dangerous

goods in transport.

• To ensure that the correct measure are taken to enable

these goods to be transported safely without risk to persons
or property.
 IMDG Code Classification System
Dangerous goods are classified into 9 classes according to
properties. The way in which different classes of dangerous
goods are handled in transport will depend upon these
properties and hazards, for example:

• The type of packaging that can be used.

• What classes of dangerous goods can be transported

together in freight containers.

• Where the goods can be stored within the port and on

the ship.
 IMDG Code Classification System
The 9 classes:
Class 1 Explosives

Class 2 Gases

Class 3 Flammable liquids

Class 4 Flammable solids

Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides

Class 6 Toxic and infectious substances

Class 7 Radioactive material

Class 8 Corrosive substances

Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and

articles

These 9 hazard classes have been established internationally by a United Nations (UN)
committee to ensure that all modes of transport (road, rail, air and sea) classify dangerous
goods in the same way.
Identification of Dangerous Goods

PSN and UN Number

Within each of the 9 hazard classes dangerous goods are uniquely

identified by two pieces of information:

• A four-digit number known as the UN Number which is

preceded by the letters UN.

• The corresponding Proper Shipping Name (PSN).

For example, kerosene is identified in the IMDG Code by its UN

Number UN 1223 and the PSN Kerosene.
 Identification of Dangerous Goods

PSN and UN Number

Together the UN Number and PSN uniquely identify dangerous

goods to:

• enable rapid and precise identification during transport to

ensure the correct handling, stowage, segregation etc,
and

• in the event of an emergency, ensure that the correct

procedures are followed.
Identification of Dangerous Goods
Hazard labels
Each of the hazard classes are also identified by labels:
 Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL)
• The DGL is presented across 2 pages of the IMDG Code and is divided into
18 columns for each individual dangerous good listed.

• Much of the information contained in the DGL is coded to make it easier

to present in a table.

• The DGL is arranged in UN Number order; column 1 and column 18

contains the UN Number.

• To look up an entry, you just need the UN Number.

• However, dangerous goods can also be searched using the PSN.

• Therefore, if you do not have the UN Number but have the PSN, you can
find its associated UN Number by looking at the alphabetical index at the
back of Volume 2.
Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL)
Column 1 – UN Number
Contains the United Nations Number assigned by the United Nations
Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN List).

Column 2 – Proper Shipping Name (PSN)

Contains the Proper Shipping Names in upper case characters which may
be followed by additional descriptive text in lower-case characters.

Column 3 – Class or Division

Contains the class and, in the case of class 1, the division and compatibility
group.

Column 4 – Subsidiary Risk(s)

Contains the class number(s) of any subsidiary risk(s). This column also
identifies if dangerous goods are marine pollutants by showing the letter
‘P’:
Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL)
Column 5 – Packing Group
Contains the packing group number (i.e. I, II or III) where assigned to the
substance or article.

Column 6 – Special Provisions

Contains a number referring to any special provision(s) indicated in
chapter 3.3.

Column 7a – Limited Quantities

Provides the maximum quantity per inner packaging.

Column 7b – Excepted Quantities

Provides a code which can be referenced to determine the maximum
quantity per inner and outer packaging.

Column 8 – Packing Instructions

Contains packing instructions for the transport of substances and articles.
Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL)
Column 9 – Special Packing Provisions
Contains special packing provisions.

Column 10 – IBC Packing Instructions

Contains IBC instructions which indicate the type of IBC that can
be used for the transport.

Column 11 – IBC Special Provisions

Refers to special packing provisions applicable to the use of
packing instructions bearing the code ‘IBC’ in 4.1.4.2.

Column 12 – IMO Tank Instructions

This column is no longer used but used to apply to IMO portable
tanks and road tank vehicles.

Column 13 – UN Tank and Bulk Container Instructions

Contains T codes (see 4.2.5.2.6) applicable to the transport of
dangerous goods in portable tanks and road tank vehicles.
Understanding the Dangerous Goods List (DGL)
Column 14 – Tank Special Provisions
Contains TP notes (see 4.2.5.3) applicable to the transport of dangerous
goods in portable tanks and road road tank vehicles.

Column 15 – EmS
Refers to the relevant emergency schedules for FIRE and SPILLAGE in
‘The EmS Guide – Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying
Dangerous Goods’.

Column 16 – Stowage and Segregation

Contains the stowage and segregation provisions as prescribed in part 7.

Column 17 – Properties and Observations

Contains properties and observations on the dangerous goods listed.

Column 18 – UN Number
Contains the United Nations Number for ease of reference across both
pages of the printed book.
 Training Requirements
In the 2002 edition of the IMDG Code, training was introduced for
the first time.

The IMO Member Governments recognised that the safe transport

of dangerous goods
by sea is dependent upon the
appreciation, by all persons
involved, of the risks involved
and on a detailed understanding
of the IMDG Code requirements.

The training requirements

became mandatory with
Amendment 34-08.
 Training Requirements
These training requirements highlight the need for all shore-based personnel
involved in the shipment of dangerous goods to receive training commensurate
with their responsibilities. The IMDG Code defines shore-based personnel as
those who:

• classify dangerous goods and identify PSNs

• pack dangerous goods
• mark, label or placard dangerous goods
• load/ unload CTUS
• prepare transport documents for dangerous goods
• offer dangerous goods for transport
• accept dangerous goods for transport
• handle dangerous goods in transport
• prepare dangerous goods loading/stowage plans
• load/unload dangerous goods into/ from ships
• carry dangerous goods in transport
• enforce, survey or inspect for compliance with applicable rules
and regulations

IMDG Code reference: 1.3

 MARPOL ANNEX IV - Regulations for
the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage
from Ships
Annex IV Chapter 1
Regulation 2, Applicability
Annex IV Chapter 2,
Regulation 5-8 - Certificates
International Sewage Prevention Certificate
Valid for 5 years
 Regulation 5-8: Certificates
 Reg 5-8: Issuance, Endorsement, Duration and Validity
 ISPP Certificate – International Sewage Pollution Prevention
 Valid for 5 years

An International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate shall be issued, after

an initial or renewal survey in accordance with the provisions of regulation 4 of
this Annex, to any ship which is engaged in voyages to ports or offshore
terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties to the Convention. In the case
of existing ships this requirement shall apply five years after the date of entry
into force of this Annex.

Such Certificate shall be issued or endorsed either by the Administration or by

any persons or organization duly authorized by it. In every case, the
Administration assumes full responsibility for the Certificate.
ISPP Certificate Template from
Appendix of Annex IV
ISSP Certificate
ISSP Certificate Cont.
 Regulation 1 - Definitions
Sewage means:
Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals

Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay, etc.) via

wash basins, wash tubs and scuppers located in such premises

Drainage from spaces containing living animals

Other waste waters when mixed with the drainages defined

above
 Regulation 4: Surveys
The following surveys shall be carried out:

INITIAL SURVEY before the ship is put into service or the first certificate is
issued for the ship.
A complete survey of structure, equipment, systems,
fittings and material to ensure full compliance with
applicable requirements

RENEWAL SURVEY at an interval of five years.

A survey of structure, equipment, systems, fittings
and material to ensure full compliance with
applicable requirements

ADDITIONAL SURVEY general or partial, after repair or renewals are

made, to ensure that the repairs or renewals have
been effectively made and that materials and
workmanship are in all respects satisfactory and that
the ship complies with the applicable requirements

** Reg 4.8 No change shall be made without Administration approval

Sewage Systems – Chapter 3
Equipment and Control of
Discharges
 Sewage Systems
Regulation 9
.1 Sewage treatment plant which shall be of a type approved by the Administration
 Sewage systems
Regulation 9
.2 Sewage comminuting and disinfecting system approved by the Administration.
Such system shall be fitted with facilities to the satisfaction of the Administration,
for the temporary storage of sewage when the ship is less than 3 nautical miles
from the nearest land
 Sewage systems
Regulation 9
.3 Holding tank of the capacity to the satisfaction of the Administration for the
retention of all sewage, having regard to the operation of the ship, the number of
persons on board and other relevant factors. The holding tank shall be
constructed to the satisfaction of the Administration and shall have a means to
indicate visually the amount of its contents.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Because of the production of

toxic and flammable
gases in holding and
treatment tanks
Regulation 11 – Discharge of Sewage
Regulation 11 : Discharge of Sewage
 OBLIGATIONS FOR THE MARITIME
ADMINISTRATION
Chapter 4, Regulation 12 - Reception facilities

1. The Government, which requires ships operating in waters

under its jurisdiction to comply with the discharge regulation
11.1, undertakes to ensure the provision of facilities at ports
and terminals of the reception of sewage, without causing
delay to ships, adequate to meet the needs of the ships using
them.

2. The Government shall notify IMO, for transmission to the

Contracting Governments concerned, of all cases where the
facilities provided under this regulation are alleged to be
inadequate.
**The requirement on reception facilities is thought to be a reason why some States are reluctant
to ratify annex IV
 U.S. Sewage Regulations
Although the U.S. has not ratified Annex IV, the U.S. has
equivalent regulations for the treatment and discharge standards
of shipboard sewage –

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)

 Amended by the Clean Water Act
 Implemented by 33 USC 1251
 Enforced through 33 CFR 159.
 U.S. Sewage Regulations
• Type I marine sanitation device means a device that, under the
test conditions described in §§ 159.123 and 159.125, produces
an effluent having a fecal coliform bacteria count not greater
than 1,000 per 100 milliliters and no visible floating solids.

• Type II marine sanitation device means a device that, under

the test conditions described in §§ 159.126 and 159.126a,
produces an effluent having a fecal coliform bacteria count not
greater than 200 per 100 milliliters and suspended solids not
greater than 150 milligrams per liter.

• Type III marine sanitation device means a device that is

designed to prevent the overboard discharge of treated or
untreated sewage or any waste derived from sewage.
18
 Sewage
Equivalency
Certificate
MARPOL ANNEX V Garbage
Entered into force 31 December 1988
Garbage Type
 Discharges, emissions and radiations from a
ship in normal operation conditions

3
Time for objects to dissolve at sea
Paper bus ticket 2-4 weeks

Cotton cloth 1-5 months

Rope 3-14 months

Woolen cloth 1 year

Painted wood 13 years

Tin can 100 years

Aluminum can 200-500 years

Plastic bottle 450 years

Unless expressly provided otherwise, the provisions of this Annex
shall apply to all ships

Regulation 2, Application
 MARPOL Annex V is only dealing with garbage
“produced” onboard

Dumping is covered by the DUMPING CONVENTION

(London Convention / London Protocol
 SPECIAL AREA is a sea area, where special mandatory
methods for the prevention of sea pollution by garbage is
required because of the oceanographical and ecological
condition and the character of traffic in the area
 Summary of
at-sea garbage
disposal

Garbage type Outside In special areas

(Reg 3) (Reg 5)
Plastics — includes synthetic ropes, fishing nets, plastic garbage bags Prohibited Prohibited

Floating dunnage, lining and packing materials >25 miles Prohibited

Paper, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery and similar refuse > 12 miles Prohibited

All other garbage including paper, rags, glass, etc. comminuted or ground > 3 miles Prohibited

Food waste not comminuted or ground >12 miles >12 miles

Food waste comminuted or ground > 3 miles > 12 miles
 Regulation 7 -Reception facilities

1) The Government of each Party to the Convention undertakes to ensure

the provision of facilities at ports and terminals for the reception of
garbage, without causing undue delay to ships, and according to the
needs of the ships using them.
2) The Government of each Party shall notify the Organization for transmission
to the Parties concerned of all cases where the facilities provided under this
regulation are alleged to be inadequate.
MARPOL Annex V Documents
MARPOL Annex V seeks to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage being discharged
into the sea from ships. Name the two documents/logs/plans that ships must maintain in
relation to MARPOL Annex V. Briefly discuss the purpose of each.

Garbage Management Plan

All ships of 100 gross tonnage and above, every ship certified to carry 15 persons or more, and every
fixed or floating platform must carry a garbage management plan on board, which includes written
procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing and disposing of garbage, including the use of
the equipment on board (regulation 10.2). The garbage management plan must designate the person
responsible for the plan and be written in the working language of the crew.

Garbage Record Book

Implementation and enforcement is also the focus of regulation 10.3, which requires all ships of 400 gross
tonnage and above and every ship which is certified to carry 15 persons or more engaged in voyages to ports
and offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of another Party to the Convention and every fixed or floating
platform to provide a Garbage Record Book and to record all disposal and incineration operations.

The date, time, position of the ship, description of the garbage and the estimated amount incinerated or
discharged must be logged and signed. The Garbage Record Book must be kept for a period of two years after
the date of the last entry.
16
 Regulation 9
Placards, garbage
management plans
and garbage record-
keeping

Resolution MEPC.71(38)
 Regulation 9
Placards, garbage management plans and garbage
record-keeping
GARBAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN should contain:

a) A list of the particular ship’s equipment

b) Arrangements for the handling of garbage
c) Company instructions (policy)

Matters to be addressed in the garbage management plan:

1. Designated person in charge of carrying out the plan

2. Procedures for collecting garbage
3. Procedures for processing garbage
4. Procedures for storing garbage
5. Procedures for disposing of garbage
Options for shipboard handling and
disposal of garbage (MEPC 45/7)
COMPACTION OPTIONS FOR SHIPBOARD
GENERATED GARBAGE
 Regulation 9
Placards, garbage
management plans and
garbage record-keeping

Garbage
Record Book

Appendix to Annex V
 Garbage Record Book
Description of the garbage
The garbage is to be grouped into categories:
1 Plastics
2 Floating dunnage, lining, or packing material
3 Ground-down paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, etc.
4 Paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, etc.
5 Food waste
6 Incinerator ash
Entries in the Garbage Record Book
Entries in the Garbage Record Book shall be made on each of the following
occasions:
a) When garbage is discharged into the sea
b) When garbage is discharged to reception facilities ashore or to other ships
c) When garbage is incinerated
d) Accidental or other exceptional discharges of garbage
Receipts
The master should obtain from the operator of port reception facilities, or from
the master of the ship receiving the garbage, a receipt or certificate specifying the
estimated amount of garbage transferred. The receipts or certificates must be kept
on board the ship with the Garbage Record Book for two years.
 , cargo residues

DISCHARGES OF CARGO RESIDUES REQUIRE START AND STOP POSITIONS TO BE RECORDED

 Incineration
Options for shipboard-generated garbage
 Regulation 6 - Exceptions
Regulations 3, 4 and 5 (Disposal of garbage)
of this Annex shall not apply to:

a) The disposal of garbage from a ship necessary for the

purpose of securing the safety of a ship and those on board
or saving life at sea

b) The escape of garbage resulting from damage to a ship or its

equipment provided all reasonable precautions have been
taken before and after the occurrence of the damage, for the
purpose of preventing or minimizing the escape

c) The accidental loss of synthetic fishing nets, provided that

all reasonable precautions have been taken to prevent such
loss.
 Summary of Annex V -
at-sea garbage disposal
 Summary of Annex V –
onboard arrangements and equipment
No provisions concerning onboard arrangements or equipment, but typical
equipment could be:

Cargo ship: Storage facilities

Passenger ship: Storage facilities

Compactor
Grinder
I ncinerator
Bailer

Separate receptacles for 1) Plastic wastes

2) Food wastes
3) Other garbage
4) Floating material
5) Items that can be recycled

Observe the operational and safety risks with processing units like
incinerator, compactor and comminuter
Summary of Annex V – Safety precautions
Most garbage is combustible and there is
a great fire risk in the garbage room:
- Closable steel containers
- Fire alarm
- Fixed fire fighting, water sprinkler
- Fire extinguisher
Requirements in store room for food wastes:
- Lack of oxygen requires efficient ventilation
- Presence of toxic gases requires efficient ventilation
- Must be easy to clean the deck and other surfaces in the
room
- Good drainage facilities
- Non-slip deck composition
 Regulation 8:
PORT STATE CONTROL

1. Ask to see the Garbage Record book

2. Find out who is the garbage manager

3. Look at the Garbage Management Plan

4. Look at the storage of garbage

5. Check there are placards on board

Look Mr. Port State
I a m not so
Control Officer,
sure about
onboard this ship
that
everything is OK