3 Curvelinear Coordinates 3 Sept 2019

1.
4 Curvilinea r Coordinate s
1.4.1 Spherical Polar Coordinate s
x = r sin θ cos φ, y = r sin θ sin φ, z = r cos θ (1. 62)
A = Ar rˆ + A θˆ + Aφ φˆ . (1.63)
θ
rˆ = sin  cos  xˆ + sin sin  yˆ + cos  zˆ .


ˆ = cos  cos xˆ + cos  sin yˆ - sin  zˆ .  (1.64)

ˆ = -sin  xˆ + cos  yˆ , 
dlr = dr. (1.65)
dl = r d .
 (1.66 )
dl = r sin  d. (1.67 )

d l = d r rˆ + r d ˆ + r sin  d ˆ. (1.68 )
ds = dl dl = r 2 sin  d d.
  di permukaan bola radius r (1.69a )
d = dlr dl dl = r 2 sin  dr d d.
  (1.69b )
Gradient :
T 1 T ˆ 1 T ˆ
T = r̂ + + . (1.70)
r r  r sin  
Divergence :
v
r
1  2
. v = 2
 r
(
r vr +
r
1
)
sin  


sin  v +
 r
( 1
sin  
)

. (1.71)
Curl : 1      v  1  1  vr    ˆ
 v =   sin  v  −  rˆ +  − r v 
r sin        r  sin    r    
+
1 
 (
r  r  )
v 
r v − r  ˆ .
 
(1.72)
Laplacian :
1   2 T    T   2T
 T= 2
2
r + 2
1
 sin  + 2
1
. (1.73)
r  r   r  r sin      r sin  
2 2
1.4.2 Cylindrical Coordinates
x = s cos , y = s sin  , z = z, (1.74)

ŝ = cos  x̂ + sin ŷ, 

ˆ = - sin x̂ + cos ŷ ,  (1.75)

ẑ = ẑ 

dls = ds, dl = s d ,
 dl z = dz, (1.76)
dI = ds ŝ + s d ˆ + dz ẑ , (1.77)
d = s ds d dz . (1.78)
T 1 T ˆ T
Gradient : T = ŝ + + ẑ . (1.79)
s s  z
v
1  1  v z
Divergence : .v = (sv ) + + . (1.80)
s s s s  z
 v v 
Curl :  v = 
1 z−   sˆ +   vs −  vz  ˆ + 1    s v  −  vs  zˆ. (1.81)
 s  z   z s  s   s     
 
1   T  1  2T  2T
Laplacian :  T =
2
s + +
s  s   s  s 2  2  z 2
. (1.82)
The Dirac Delta Function
1.5.1 The Divergence of rˆ / r 2
1ˆ
v=
r 2
r. (1.83)
1   21 1 
.v = 2  r
r 2  = 2 (1) = 0. (1.84)
r  r  r r
 v . da =  
 1
R 2
ˆ
r


 . R 2
(sin  d d rˆ )
( 
= 0 sin  d 0 )( 2
)
d = 4 . (1.85)
1.5.2 The One-Dimensional Dirac Delta Function
 0,if x  0
 ( x ) =   ( 1.86 )

, if x = 0 


-  ( x ) dx = 1. ( 1.87 )
f (x) (x) = f (0) (x). (1.88)
 
- f (x )δ(x ) dx = f (0)− (x ) dx = f (0). (1.89)
 0, if x  a  
 ( x − a ) =   with −  ( x − a ) dx =1 (1.90)
,
 if x = a 
f (x) (x − a ) = f (a ) (x − a ), (1.91)
 f (x ) (x − a )dx = f (a ). (1.92)
−
D1(x)=D2(x) if
 f (x)D (x)dx =  f (x)D (x )dx (1.93)
- 1 − 2
δ (kx) = (1.94)
1
δ (x ),
k
d
x ( ( x)) = − ( x)
dx
1, if x  0 
 ( x )   
 . is the step function (1.95)

 0, if x  0 

d
=  ( x)
dx
1.5.3 The Three-Dimensional Delta Function
δ 3 (r ) = δ(x) δ( y ) δ(z ) . (1.96)
   (1.97)
all space δ (r ) d = − − − δ (x ) δ ( y ) δ (z ) d (x ) d ( y ) d (z ) = 1.
3
all space f (r ) δ (r - a ) d = f (a ).
3 (1.98)
 r̂ 
.  2
= 0, for all spherical space axcept at the point (0,0,0), it will be:
 r 
 r̂ 
 .  2  = 4 3 ( r ) . (1.99 )
r 
 
ˆ
 .   = 4 3 ( ) , (1.100 )
 2
 
rˆ
   = − 2 (1.101)
1
  r
1
 2 = −4 3 ( ) . (1.102 )
▪ Tugas 2 untuk dipelajari.
▪ problem:
1. 1.27
2. 1.32
3. 1.33
4. 1.38
5. 1.45

3 Curvelinear Coordinates 3 Sept 2019

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1.

rˆ = sin  cos  xˆ + sin sin  yˆ + cos  zˆ .

x = s cos , y = s sin  , z = z, (1.74)

1.5.1 The Divergence of rˆ / r 2

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