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A Sample Research Proposal with Comments

Sample proposal text Comment

A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management Provide a brief and meaningful title to
your project
1. Introduction Background or introduction section
Every construction project is unique and has its own operating provides a description of the basic
environment and sets of technical requirements. As a result, the execution facts and importance of the research
of a construction project is subject to numerous constraints that limit the
commencement or progression of field operations, which invariably have area - What is your research area, the
significant negative impact on overall project performance. By definition, motivation of research, and how
constraints refer to any condition, such as temporal/spatial limitations and important is it for the industry
safety/quality concerns, which may prevent a project to achieve its goals. practice/knowledge advancement?
Successful execution and control of a construction project relies on
effective identification and management of constraints through master
planning and short-term look-ahead scheduling. While the master schedule
provides a global view of a project and the overall execution strategy, a
look-ahead schedule offers a detail account of operational constraints and
a detailed plan showing work to be done within a relatively short time
window. Ideally, these detailed schedules should reflect actual field
conditions and provide field personnel with operation instructions free of
constraints and conflicts (Hinze 2008). This look-ahead scheduling and
constraint analysis procedure is also a critical component of the last-
planner methodology proposed by Ballard (2000). This research project
will provide an overview of state-of-art schedule constraint analysis
practice during look-ahead scheduling. In addition, it will propose a
conceptual framework for managing constraints.

2. Problem Statement Problem statement provides a clear

The importance of developing a constraint-free and reliable work and concise description of the issues
plan has long been recognized by the industry. However, numerous that need to be addressed - What is
construction projects are still plagued by delays and cost overruns, which the specific problem in that research
can frequently be traced to ineffective identification and treatment of area that you will address (e.g. lack
constraints. First, when a constraint is not properly identified during of understanding of a subject, low
scheduling, subsequent conflicts in the field are inevitable. Today’s performance …)?
projects are becoming more and more technically complex and logistically
challenging, which exposes construction operations to even more complex
constraints. Second, the traditional scheduling methods, bar charts and
Critical Path Method (CPM) which are widely used as a basis for constraint
analysis, greatly limit our capability in modeling and resolving constraints
during look-ahead scheduling. These methods have long been blamed for
their limitations in modeling and communicating constraints, including
inability to cope with non-time-related precedence constraints and
difficulty to evaluate and communicate inter-dependencies at the field
operation level (e.g. Sriprasert and Dawood 2002; Chua and Shen 2001).
In summary, there is a need for a better understanding of constraints in
construction and a structured approach in identifying and modeling
constraints to ensure a constraint-free work plan. More specifically, the
following research questions need to be addressed:

1. What are the typical constraints found in various construction

projects?
2. How to classify these constrains for easier identification and
modeling?
3. What are the current industry practice as well as research
advancements in modeling and resolving constraints?
How to unify the constraint classification knowledge and various
constraint modeling efforts into a framework for total constraint
management?

3. Objectives Objectives provide a list of goals that

The long term goal of the research is to develop a formalized will be achieved through the
constraint management system. Constraint management is defined herein proposed research – What are the
as the process of identifying, classifying, modeling, and resolving
constraints. The objective of the current study is to provide a benefits/impact (e.g. better
comprehensive review of literatures and industry practices in relation to understanding, improved
constraint analysis and outline a conceptual framework for constraint productivity …) that will be
management. Particularly, the study has the following sub-objectives: generated if the research problem is
answered?
1. To provide a comprehensive review of sources and characteristics
of constraints typically found in construction projects;
2. To develop a constraint classification method for easier constraint
identification and modeling;
3. To review current industry practices and researches in regards to
constraint modeling;
4. To outline a conceptual framework for total constraint
management.

The result of this study will be valuable to the industry practitioners as

well as related software providers in developing better practice and tools
for constraint management and look-ahead scheduling.
4. Preliminary Literature Review Preliminary literature review:
A preliminary literature review shows that past studies are primarily provide a summary of previous
focused on understanding and modeling a particular type of constraint, related research on the research
such as technological, contractual, resource, spatial, and information problem and their strength and
constraints. Limited progress has been made on classifying various weakness and a justification of your
constraints according to their characteristics in a comprehensive manner. research - What is known/what have
In terms of modeling and resolving constraints, various approaches have been done by others? And, why your
been recommended. For example, many CPM-based methods are applied research is still necessary?
to deal with time-related constraints; knowledge-based systems were used
to automate work plan generation; network-based optimization algorithms
were developed to resolve constraints; and databases and visualization
techniques, such as 3D, 4D, and Virtual Reality (VR), are used to
communicate and visualize constraints. What is missing from the past
studies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing
constraints
in construction projects.

5. Methodology Research methodology defines the

The primary research method for this study is literature review and research methods and logic steps -
conceptual modeling. Constraint identification and classification through What to do and how to solve the
a structured approach is the very first step toward a “zero-constraint” problem and achieve proposed
environment. This study will first review various types of constraints in objectives? Which research methods
construction and their characteristics. Based on this understanding, a (e.g. survey, modeling, case study
classification method will be developed to categorize constraint factors for …) will be used? Attach a project
the purpose of constraint identification and modeling. In the second stage schedule table, if necessary.
of this study, existing constraint modeling methods will be identified
based on a comprehensive review of current industry practices and
academic researches. Finally, once the constraint classification and
modeling techniques are identified, a conceptual framework for total
constraint management will be outlined. This study will be conducted
between September 2010 and May 2011.
References All factual material that is not
original with you must be
Ballard, G. (2000). “Last planner system of production control.” Ph.D. accompanied by a reference to its
Dissertation. Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
source. Please use ASCE guideline
Chua, D. and Shen, L. J. (2001). “Constraint modeling and buffer on reference and citation style.
management with integrated production scheduler.” Proceedings
of International Conferences on Lean Construction 2001,
Singapore.
Hinze, J. W. (2008). Construction planning and scheduling, 3rd ed.
Pearson, NJ.
Sriprasert, E. and Dawood, N (2002). “Requirements identification for 4D
constraint-based construction planning and control system.”
Proceedings of CIB W78 conference – distributing knowledge in
building, Aarhus, Danmark.