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    HISTORY OF COMPUTER - Lota

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    Crisia Jane Lota
    The document outlines the history of computers from ancient times to the present, including important early calculating devices like the abacus, Napier's Bones, and the Pascaline. It then discusses the first generations of computers from the 1940s-1950s using vacuum tubes, to integrated circuits in the 1960s-1970s, and now modern computers with artificial intelligence capabilities.

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    HISTORY OF COMPUTER - Lota

    Uploaded by

    Crisia Jane Lota
    76 views1 page
    The document outlines the history of computers from ancient times to the present, including important early calculating devices like the abacus, Napier's Bones, and the Pascaline. It then discusses the first generations of computers from the 1940s-1950s using vacuum tubes, to integrated circuits in the 1960s-1970s, and now modern computers with artificial intelligence capabilities.

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    HISTORY OF COMPUTER - lota

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    The document outlines the history of computers from ancient times to the present, including important early calculating devices like the abacus, Napier's Bones, and the Pascaline. It then discusses the first generations of computers from the 1940s-1950s using vacuum tubes, to integrated circuits in the 1960s-1970s, and now modern computers with artificial intelligence capabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views1 page

    HISTORY OF COMPUTER - Lota

    Uploaded by

    Crisia Jane Lota
    The document outlines the history of computers from ancient times to the present, including important early calculating devices like the abacus, Napier's Bones, and the Pascaline. It then discusses the first generations of computers from the 1940s-1950s using vacuum tubes, to integrated circuits in the 1960s-1970s, and now modern computers with artificial intelligence capabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    HISTORY OF COMPUTER

    YEAR
    2500 BC Abacus
    Abacus was invented by the Chinese around 4000 years ago. It’s a wooden rack
    with metal rods with beads attached to them. The abacus operator moves the
    beads according to certain guidelines to complete arithmetic computations.

    1617 Napier’s Bone


    John Napier devised Napier’s Bones, a manually operated calculating
    apparatus. For calculating, this instrument used 9 separate ivory strips (bones)
    marked with numerals to multiply and divide. It was also the first machine to
    calculate using the decimal point system.

    1642 Pascaline
    Pascaline was invented in 1642 by Biaise Pascal, a French mathematician and
    philosopher. It is thought to be the first mechanical and automated calculator.
    It was a wooden box with gears and wheels inside.

    1673 Stepped Reckoner or Leibniz wheel


    In 1673, a German mathematician-philosopher named Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
    improved on Pascal’s invention to create this apparatus. It was a digital
    mechanical calculator known as the stepped reckoner because it used fluted
    drums instead of gears.

    1940 – 1956 Vacuum-tube computer (First Generation)


    The computer of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for
    memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric
    bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installation used to fuse frequently.
    Therefore, they were very expensive and only organizations were able to afford it.

    1830 Analytical Engine


    Charles Babbage created another calculating machine, the Analytical Engine, in
    1830. It was a mechanical computer that took input from punch cards. It was
    capable of solving any mathematical problem and storing data in an indefinite
    memory.

    1890 Tabulating machine


    An American Statistician – Herman Hollerith invented this machine in the year
    1890. Tabulating Machine was a punch card-based mechanical tabulator. It
    could compute statistics and record or sort data or information. Hollerith began
    manufacturing these machines in his company, which ultimately became
    International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924.
    1930 Differential Analyzer
    Vannevar Bush introduced the first electrical computer, the Differential Analyzer,
    in 1930. This machine is made up of vacuum tubes that switch electrical impulses
    in order to do calculations. It was capable of performing 25 calculations in a
    matter of minutes.

    1937 Mark I
    Howard Aiken planned to build a machine in 1937 that could conduct massive
    calculations or calculations using enormous numbers. The Mark I computer
    was constructed in 1944 as a collaboration between IBM and Harvard.

    1964 – 1971 Integrated Circuit (Third Generation)


    These were the first computer where users interacted using keyboards and
    monitors which interfaced with an operating system, a significant leap up from
    the punch cards and printouts

    2010 – NOW Artificial Intelligence (Fifth Generation)


    Computer devices with artificial intelligence are still in development but some
    of these technologies are beginning to emerge and be used such as voice
    recognition and understand natural language.

    History of Computers: Generations of First Computers, Questions. (2019, March 15). Toppr-Guides.
    https://www.toppr.com/guides/computer-aptitude-and-knowledge/basics-of-computers/history-of-computers/

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