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    MUTATION

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    HANNA ANGELA LEJANO
    1) A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can arise from errors in DNA replication or exposure to mutagens. 2) There are four main types of mutations: substitutions, deletions, insertions, and translocations. Substitutions involve replacing one nucleotide with another. Deletions are the loss of nucleotides. Insertions add nucleotides. Translocations occur when parts of chromosomes break off and reattach to other chromosomes. 3) Beadle and Tatum concluded from their experiments on Neurospora mutants that one gene corresponds to one protein, supporting the idea that DNA is the genetic material.

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    MUTATION

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    HANNA ANGELA LEJANO
    16 views25 pages
    1) A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can arise from errors in DNA replication or exposure to mutagens. 2) There are four main types of mutations: substitutions, deletions, insertions, and translocations. Substitutions involve replacing one nucleotide with another. Deletions are the loss of nucleotides. Insertions add nucleotides. Translocations occur when parts of chromosomes break off and reattach to other chromosomes. 3) Beadle and Tatum concluded from their experiments on Neurospora mutants that one gene corresponds to one protein, supporting the idea that DNA is the genetic material.

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    MUTATION (1)

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    1) A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can arise from errors in DNA replication or exposure to mutagens. 2) There are four main types of mutations: substitutions, deletions, insertions, and translocations. Substitutions involve replacing one nucleotide with another. Deletions are the loss of nucleotides. Insertions add nucleotides. Translocations occur when parts of chromosomes break off and reattach to other chromosomes. 3) Beadle and Tatum concluded from their experiments on Neurospora mutants that one gene corresponds to one protein, supporting the idea that DNA is the genetic material.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views25 pages

    MUTATION

    Uploaded by

    HANNA ANGELA LEJANO
    1) A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can arise from errors in DNA replication or exposure to mutagens. 2) There are four main types of mutations: substitutions, deletions, insertions, and translocations. Substitutions involve replacing one nucleotide with another. Deletions are the loss of nucleotides. Insertions add nucleotides. Translocations occur when parts of chromosomes break off and reattach to other chromosomes. 3) Beadle and Tatum concluded from their experiments on Neurospora mutants that one gene corresponds to one protein, supporting the idea that DNA is the genetic material.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    MUTATION

    Presented by Group 4
    Our Team

    Ronalyn Sean
    Gonzales Althea Rojas Kirt
    Eugenio Cascabel
    Topic
    Topic 1: Definition of Mutation

    Topic 2: Different kinds of DNA


    MUTATION

    Topic 3: 4 Types of Mutations


    WHAT IS MUTATION??

    A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.


    Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell
    division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
    WHAT IS MUTATION??

    Any alteration to a cell's DNA sequence. Mistakes in cell division


    can result in mutations, as can exposure to environmental DNA-
    damaging substances. Mutations may be negative, positive, or
    ineffective.
    WHAT IS MUTATION??

    A cell's genes or chromosomes can change, which is referred to


    as a mutation. The progeny's growth and structure can be
    impacted by this change in the gametes. A mutation in biology is
    a change to an organism's genome, extrachromosomal DNA, or
    a virus's nucleic acid sequence.
    The illustration
    shows the before
    and after of the
    DNA before it is
    finally hit by the
    uv photon
    Mutant

    4 kinds of DNA MUTATIONS


    Mutations can be of many types, such as
    substitution, deletion, insertion, and
    translocation.
    1.
    Missense Mutation
    occurs when the substitution produces an
    amino acid-specific codon. Because the
    sequence of a protein determines its shape.
    2.
    Nonsense Mutation

    A genetic alteration that causes the


    premature termination of a protein.
    The altered protein may be partially
    or completely inactivated, resulting in
    a change or loss of protein function.
    3.
    Frameshift Mutation

    Insertions and deletions can change a


    gene's message because codons in
    protein-coding DNA are three bases
    long. These changes are known as
    "frameshift mutations" because they
    change the codons' reading frame.
    4.
    Point Mutation
    When a single base pair is added, removed,
    or altered in a genome, it is referred to as a
    point mutation. While the majority of point
    mutations are harmless, they can also have
    a variety of functional effects, such as
    modifications to encoded proteins or
    changes in gene expression.
    4 kinds of MUTATIONS
    1.
    Substitution

    In terms of genomics, substitution is a sort of


    mutation where one nucleotide is changed for a
    different nucleotide. The phrase can also be used
    to describe switching out one amino acid for
    another in a protein.
    2.
    Deletion

    Mutation that happens when one or more


    nucleotides are lost from a section of DNA. Any
    number of nucleotides can be lost during a
    deletion, ranging from one nucleotide to the loss of
    an entire section of a chromosome.
    3.
    Insertion
    A type of genetic change that involves
    the addition of a segment of DNA. It
    may be as small as a single base but
    can vary significantly in size.
    4. Translocation
    A type of genetic alteration when a segment of one
    chromosome separates and joins another.
    Chromosomes from different species can
    occasionally swap portions with one another.
    Medical conditions like leukemia, breast cancer,
    schizophrenia, muscular dystrophy, and Down
    syndrome can all be brought on by translocations.
    Activity
    Time!!!
    Part I
    Question 1 Choices

    1. Choose the one best answer A. One gene correspond to one


    Beadle and tantrum mutagenized protein
    neurospora to find strains that B. DNA is the genetic material
    required arginine to live. Based on C. Protein cannot be the generic
    the classification of their mutants material
    they concluded that: D. DNA replication is semi-
    conservative
    Part I
    Question 2 Question 3

    2. Choose the one best answer. Which one 3. A mutation converts an AGA codon to a
    of the following is not part of the definition Tga codon (in DNA). This mutation is...
    of a gene?
    A. Termination mutation
    A. A physical unit of heredity B. Missense mutation
    B.encode a protein C. Frameshift mutation
    C. May be linked to other genes D. Nonsense mutation
    D. Segment of a chromosome
    Part I
    Question 4 Choices

    A.nitrous acid js not likely to be


    4. The ames test show that nitrons acid is carcinogenic
    a mutagen become it a greatly increase B. Nitrous acid probably causes insertion
    the mutation rate for s typhinurium strain mutation DNA.
    TAI535 (in a dose dependent manner. C. Nitrous acid probably causes
    However. It does not increase the mutation substitution mutations in DNA
    rate for TA1537. The best conclusion is. D. Nitrous acid is less dangerous than
    sodium acid
    Part I
    Question 5 Choices

    A. By changing the base sequence of


    RNA
    5.how mutation may cause changes in the
    B. By changing the base of DNA
    structure
    C.by changing the base sequence in both
    DNA and RNA
    D. All of the above
    Part II

    Write S if substitution, D for deletion , I for insertion and T for translocation.

    1) A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA.


    2) A type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by one nucleotide.
    3) Also known as frameshift mutation.
    4) Characterized by the loss of one or more nucleotides from the segment of
    the DNA.
    5) A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and
    attaches to another chromosome.
    "SUCCESS IS SCIENCE:

    IF YOU HAVE THE CONDITIONS, YOU


    GET THE RESULT"

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