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Physical Geography Test-4

Part - 1

1. Which among the following is the smallest (d) All

country in the African continent? 4. The work of sea waves as an agent of
(a) Seychelles gradation includes erosion, transportation
(b) Congo and deposition. The rate and magnitude of
sea waves erosion are influenced by:
(c) Libya
1. The nature and hardness of the rock
(d) Gambia
along the shore.
2. Consider the following statements 2. Tidal range of the sea.
regarding the dead zones present in the 3. Stability of sea level.
oceans:
1. Dead zones are low-oxygen areas in the Which of the above stated factors is/are
world's oceans and large lakes. correct?
2. It is caused by excessive nutrient (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
pollution from human activities (c) 1 and 3 (d) All
coupled with other factors that deplete
5. Which of the following statements are
the oxygen.
correct about the continent of South
3. Dead Zones occur around the world in America?
saltwater lakes only as freshwater lakes
1. It contains wide plateaus and highlands
are continuously drained by rivers.
as well as vast lowlands.
Which of the above statements are correct? 2. The greater part of South America lies
(a) 1 and 2 within the temperate zone.
(b) 2 and 3 3. Parts of southern Peru and northern
(c) 1 and 3 Chile have a typical hot desert type of
Climate.
(d) All
Which of the above statements are correct?
3. Which of the following statements are
correct with regard to desertification in (a) 1 and 2
India? (b) 2 and 3
1. Twenty-five per cent of India's total (c) 1 and 3
land is undergoing desertification. (d) All
2. Rajasthan accounts for the most
6. Consider the following statements about the
desertified land, followed by Gujarat,
Mediterranean Zone:
Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir,
Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. 1. Mediterranean Zone is the most
widespread vegetation in the
3. Desertification and loss of biological
evergreen, small shrub forest.
potential restrict the transformation of
dry lands into productive ecosystem. 2. The characteristic Mediterranean soil
has red colour.
Which of the above statements are correct? 3. Olive tree, citrus, fig tree, stone fruit
(a) 1 and 2 trees, etc. are the native plants.
(b) 2 and 3
Which of the above statements are correct?
(c) 1 and 3
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3

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(c) 1 and 3 (d) All 2. It comprises of important rivers

stretching in an arc from the Nile to the
7. Consider the following statements related to
Tigris and Euphrates.
the Red Soil:
3. It covers Israel, Syria and Iraq only.
1. Red soil develops reddish color due to
the wide diffusion of iron in crystalline Which of the statements given above are
and metamorphic rocks and looks correct?
yellow when occur in hydrated form. (a) 1 & 3 (b) 1 & 2
2. The fine grained red and yellow soil are (c) 2 & 3 (d) All
normally fertile whereas coarse grained
soils are poor in fertility. 11. Consider the following statements related to
the peninsular block of Indian geographical
3. Red soil tends to form in climates that
structure:
are warm, temperate and moist.
1. The Peninsula block is formed
Which of the above statements is/are true? essentially by a great complex of very
(a) 1 only (b) 2 & 3 ancient gneisses and granites.
(c) 1 & 2 (d) All 2. Due to its rigid structure, it has not
been subjected to vertical movements
8. Which of the following statements related to
and block faulting.
tropical forests is/are true?
3. The Peninsula block mostly consists of
1. Large parts of tropical rain forests have
relict and residual mountains.
pure strands of single species, i.e., one
species is spread over a large area. Which of the above statements are correct?
2. The trees have thick barks with resin (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
that protects them from damage by (c) 1 & 3 (d) All
excessive heat.
12. Consider the following statements related to
3. The trees have shallow roots that enable
Indian drainage system:
them to utilize moisture on the top
layer of the soil as rainfall is high in this 1. Himalayan rivers form deep gorges, V-
region. shaped valleys, rapids and waterfalls.
2. In the plains, Himalayan rivers form
Codes:
depositional features like flat valleys,
(a) 1 & 3 (b) 2 & 3 ox-bow lakes, flood plains, braided
(c) All (d) None channels and deltas.
9. Which of the following is incorrectly 3. Super imposed, rejuvenated nature of
matched? Himalayan rivers resulted in trellis,
radial and rectangular drainage
(1) Selvas - Equatorial rainforest of
patterns.
Amazon basin in Brazil.
(2) Llanos - Tropical grassland of Which of the above statements are correct?
Venezuela and Columbia. (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
(3) Campos - Tropical grassland of Brazil. (c) 1 & 3 (d) All
Codes: 13. Human activities affecting the hydrological
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 1 only regime include:
(c) 2 only (d) All 1. Groundwater extraction.
2. Construction of reservoirs and ponds,
10. Consider the following statements about
levees and river training, channel
Fertile Crescent Region:
dredging, etc.
1. The "fertile crescent" refers to a
3. Agricultural practices.
crescent-shaped region containing the
comparatively moist and fertile land of Which of the above stated activities are
otherwise arid and semi-arid Western correct?
Asia. (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All

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14. Which of the following statements about 3. It leads to changes in rainfall thus has
Great Indian Desert are correct? an effect on vector-borne disease
1. It is a land of undulating topography transmission.
dotted with longitudinal dunes. Which of the above stated consequences are
2. The rivers in this region are ephemeral correct?
in nature. (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
3. This region receives very low rainfall (c) 1 & 3 (d) All
below 150 mm per year.
18. During the South-West monsoon period
Codes: after having rains for a few days, of rain
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All known as break in the monsoon. These
breaks in the different regions are due to
15. Which of the following statements different reasons. Consider the following
regarding Tundra vegetation are true? statements in this context:
1. Alpine tundra is separated from a forest 1. When rain-bearing storms are not very
vegetation region by the tree line, the frequent along the monsoon trough or
area beyond which conditions are too the ITCZ, it results into failure of
harsh or cold for tree growth. rainfall in northern India.
2. Arctic tundra is characterized by 2. When the winds blow in transverse
permafrost or soil that is permanently direction over the west coast, it results
frozen. into the dry spells over the region.
3. Most of the Tibetan Plateau, the so-
called "roof of the world" located in Which of the above statements is/are
Tibet, China and India, is an example of correct?
Alpine tundra. (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
Codes:
(c) None
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 1 & 3
(d) Both
(c) 2 & 3 (d) 1, 2 & 3
19. Arrange the following European countries
16. Consider the following statements related to
according to their location from north to
the functions of organic matter in soil:
south.
1. It supplies N, P, S and other secondary
1. Albania
and micro-nutrients for plant growth.
2. Czech Republic
2. It holds upto twenty times their weight
of water. 3. Austria
3. It holds cations and anions and releases 4. Croatia
them slowly. Select the answer from the codes given
4. It buffers extreme acidity, salinity and below:
alkalinity.
Codes:
Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1-2-3-4 (b) 2-3-4-1
(a) 1, 2 & 3 (b) 2, 3 & 4 (c) 1-2-4-3 (d) 1-3-2-4
(c) 1, 3 & 4 (d) All
20. Which of the following statements
17. Economic consequences of El Niño are: regarding India's Shola vegetation are true?
1. It leads to reduction in the fish 1. The Shola grassland ecosystem is
population in Indonesia thus reduces characterised by dense growth of trees
the amount of fish-meal produced and in the depressions and folds of the
exported (by local industry). Ghats surrounded by extensive areas of
2. It leads to weaker monsoon rains in grasslands.
India which effect the agriculture 2. The forests have thick undergrowth,
sector. epiphytes, mosses and ferns.

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3. These forests are found in the areas 23. Which of the following represents the
lying between 2000 to 3000 metres. features of podzol soil?
Codes: 1. Podzols are low in fertility.
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3 2. They are highly leached soils.
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All 3. They support coniferous forests.
4. They lack humus content.
21. Which of the following land features are
produced by the erosional action of running Codes:
water in the upper course of the river? (a) 1 & 2 (b) 1, 2 & 3
1. 'V' shaped valleys (c) 2, 3 & 4 (d) All
2. Potholes
24. Consider the following statements related to
3. Waterfalls Himalayan mountain system:
4. Oxbow lake 1. Himalayas are young, rigid and stable
Codes: in their geological structure.
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3 2. Himalayas are still subjected to the
interplay of exogenic and endogenic
(c) 1, 2 & 3 (d) 2, 3 & 4
forces, resulting in the development of
22. Consider the following statements related to faults, folds and thrust plains.
the Coastal Plains of India: 3. Himalayan mountains are tectonic in
1. The western coastal plains are an origin, dissected by fast-flowing rivers.
example of emergent coastal plain. Which of the above statements are correct?
2. The western coastal plains provide (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
natural conditions for the development
of ports and harbours. (c) 1 & 3 (d) All
3. The rivers flowing through western 25. Which of the following pairs of rivers and
coastal plain do not form any delta. their tributaries are correctly matched?
Which of the above statements is/are 1. River Kabini - River Kaveri
incorrect? 2. River Koyna - River Krishna
(a) 1 only 3. River Kosi - River Gandak
(b) 2 only Codes:
(c) 1 & 3 (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
(d) All (c) 1 only (d) All
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Physical Geography Test-4 Answers

Part - 1

Ans. 1. (a) This region is covered with thick forests and

grasslands and is locally known as the
Exp: Seychelles or Republic of Seychelles an
archipelago nation of 225 islands is the GRAN CHACO.
smallest country in Africa. However the Ans. 6. (d)
smallest nation on the continental mainland
is the Gambia. Exp: Mediterranean Zone is the most widespread
vegetation in the evergreen, small scrub
Ans. 2. (a)
forest. Important also are the oak (live and
Exp: "Dead Zones" are regions where oxygen cork), oleander, laurel, juniper, and a great
concentrations are very low. It is caused by variety of thorny plants that blossom in
an interaction between biological, chemical spring and are dormant during the period
and physical factors. In the absence of of greatest heat. In higher altitudes, a few
sufficient oxygen, animals and plants either stands of chestnut, beech, and conifers from
die or leave the dead zone. Dead Zones former continuous stands have remained.
occur around the world in both fresh and Overpasturing and the use of wood for
saltwater systems like Lake Erie, charcoal have destroyed most forests and
Chesapeake Bay, northern Gulf of Mexico, make reforestation difficult. The
and the Baltic Sea. characteristic Mediterranean soil has red
Ans. 3. (d) color (red podsolics). When it has a deep
profile, it is highly productive. In Italy it is
Ans. 4. (d) named terra rossa ("red earth"), but great
differences exist depending on texture and
Ans. 5. (c)
on calcium or silica content. Alluvial
Exp: The greater part of South America lies lowlands and areas under irrigation, such as
within the tropical zone. Therefore, its the Po plains and the huertas ("gardens") of
climate is generally hot. The Amazon basin Spain, are intensively cultivated. Native
which lies close to the equator has an plants such as the olive tree (which also
equatorial type of climate. It is hot and wet grows wild), citrus, fig tree, stone fruit trees,
all the year around. This region is therefore, and some date palms are cultivated.
covered with equatorial rain-forests locally Remaining animal species include mountain
know as the SELVAS. sheep, wild goat, wild cat, and boar.
Reptiles (vipers, snakes, turtles, lizards) are
On either side of the Amazon forests lies the
numerous.
belt which has the region of grasslands. In
the north in the Orinoco river basin, they Ans. 7. (d)
are locally known as the ILANOS. In the
south, in central Brazil they are known as Ans. 8. (d)
CAMPOS. In this region there is a distinct Exp: A tropical biome is found in hot, humid
dry period and the rain occurs mainly in environments in equatorial climates. The
summer. recurring features of rainforests are
basically the following:
In the lowlands of northern Argentina and
western Paraguay, it is dry during winter • high animal and vegetal biodiversity
and wet during summer. Rains are heavy. • evergreen trees

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• dark and sparse undergrowth interspersed global scale, e.g., modifying the composition
with clearings of atmosphere by increasing the
'greenhouse' gases or by increased
• scanty litter (organic matter settling on the
evaporation caused by large scale water
ground)
projects.
• presence of "strangler" creepers (e.g., Ficus
Ans. 14. (d)
spp.)
Exp: An ephemeral river is a river that only flows
• presence of "buttresses" (i.e., large winged
when there is rain or snow has melted. The
ribs at the base of trunks) and spindly roots
rest of the year there is just a dry river bed
in trees living in often-flooded areas.
with no water.
Ans. 9. (d)
Ans. 15. (d)
Ans. 10. (b)
Ans. 16. (d)
Exp: It covers Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and
Ans. 17. (b)
Iraq.
Exp: It leads to reduction of the fish population
Ans. 11. (c)
in Peru and thus reduces the amount of
Exp: As a part of the Indo-Australian Plate, it has fishmeal produced and exported (by local
been subjected to various vertical industry).
movements and block faulting. The rift
Ans. 18. (a)
valleys of the Narmada, the Tapi and the
Mahanadi and the Satpura block mountains Exp: During the south-west monsoon period
are some examples of it. The Peninsula after having rains for a few days, if rain fails
mostly consists of relict and residual to occur for one or more weeks, it is known
mountains like the Aravali hills, the as break in the monsoon. These dry spells
Nallamala hills, the Javadi hills, the are quite common during the rainy season.
Veliconda hills, the Palkonda range and the These breaks in the different regions are due
Mahendragiri hills, etc. to different reasons: (i) In northern India
rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing
Ans. 12. (a)
storms are not very frequent along the
Exp: Drainage pattern of Peninsular River - monsoon trough or the ITCZ over this
Super imposed, rejuvenated resulting in region. (ii) Over the west coast the dry
trellis, radial and rectangular patterns. spells are associated with days when winds
Drainage pattern of Himalayan River - blow parallel to the coast.
Antecedent and consequent leading to
Ans. 19. (b)
dendritic pattern in plains.
Ans. 20. (a)
Ans. 13. (d)
Exp: The Mountain Vegetation of Peninsular
Exp: Human activities affecting the hydrological
Plateau are found on the high altitude area
regime can be classified into four major
of the plateau region which include Nilgiri,
groups: (i) activities which affect river
Annamalai and Palni hills, Mahabaleshwar
runoff by diverting water from rivers, lakes,
in Western Ghats, Satpura and Maikal hills.
and reservoirs or by groundwater
The important characteristics of vegetation
extraction, (ii) activities modifying the river
of this region are: (i) Stretches of open
channels, e.g., construction of reservoirs and
rolling grass plains with undeveloped
ponds, levees and river training, channel
forests or bushes. (ii) The wet temperate
dredging, etc. (iii) activities due to which
forests below 1500 metres are less dense
runoff and other water balance components
than those found above this height. (iii) The
are modified due to impacts of basin surface
forests have thick undergrowth, epiphytes,
e.g., agricultural practices, drainage of
mosses and ferns. (iv) Magnolia, laurel, elm
swamps, afforestation or deforestation,
are common trees. (v) Cinchona and
urbanization, etc., and (iv) activities which
eucalyptus have been introduced from
may induce climate changes at regional or
outside the country

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Ans. 21. (c) Exp: The western coastal plains are an example
of submerged coastal plain and are narrow
Exp: As the river moves through the upper course in width.
it cuts downwards. The gradient here is
steep and the river channel is narrow. The eastern coastal plain is broader and is
Vertical erosion in this highland part of the an example of an emergent coast. There are
river helps to create steep-sided V-shaped well developed deltas here, formed by the
valleys, interlocking spurs, rapids, rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of
waterfalls and gorges. As the river erodes Bengal.
the landscape in the upper course, it bends
to avoid areas of hard rock. This creates Ans. 23. (c)
interlocking spurs, which look a bit like the Exp: Podzols occur in humid climate hence low
interlocking parts of a zip. When a river temperature inhibit bacterial activity thus
runs over alternating layers of hard and soft these soils generally have accumulation of
rock, rapids and waterfalls may form. humus in thick layer. Most podzols are poor
soils for agriculture due to the sandy
Potholes are cylindrical holes drilled into
portion, resulting in a low level of moisture
the bed of a river that vary in depth &
and nutrients.
diameter from a few centimetres to several
metres. They're found in the upper course of Ans. 24. (b)
a river where it has enough potential energy
to erode vertically and its flow is turbulent. Exp: The Himalayas are young, weak and
In the upper course of a river, its load is flexible in their geological structure unlike
large and mainly transported by traction the rigid and stable Peninsular Block.
along the river bed. When flowing water
Ans. 25. (a)
encounters bedload, it is forced over it and
downcuts behind the bedload in swirling Exp: The Kosi is an antecedent river with its
eddie currents. These currents erode the source to the north of Mount Everest in
river's bed and create small depressions in Tibet, where its main stream Arun rises.
it. After crossing the Central Himalayas in
Nepal, it is joined by the Son Kosi from the
Ans. 22. (a) West and the Tamur Kosi from the east. It
forms Sapt Kosi after uniting with the river
Arun. It is a tributary of river Ganga.
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Physical Geography Test-4

Part - 2

1. India's climate is controlled by a number of 3. The weather in the retreating monsoon

factor. Which of the following statements is dry in north India but it is associated
is/are correct in this context? with rain in the eastern part of the
Peninsula.
1. Upper air circulation and jet streams
have important influence on the Which of the above statements are correct?
weather in India. (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
2. Himalayas trap the monsoon winds, (c) 1 & 3 (d) All
forcing them to shed their moisture
within the subcontinent. 4. Consider the following statements
3. Inflow of western disturbances creates regarding vegetation in India:
weather conditions favorable to rainfall 1. Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs are
during the summer. found in areas of central Deccan
plateau, south-east of Rajasthan,
Select the answer from the codes given Punjab, Haryana and parts of Uttar
below: Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Codes: 2. Deciduous or Monsoon type of Forests
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 only have Rosewood, Mahogany, etc. as
example of trees which grow in them.
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All
Which of the above statements is/are
2. Consider the following statements about the
correct?
characteristics of temperate grasslands:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1. Temperate grassland is a terrestrial
biome whose predominant vegetation (c) Both (d) None
consists of grasses and/or shrubs. 5. Consider the following statements about the
2. The soil is deficient in nutrient and Central Uplands region of Europe:
minerals, hence, thick vegetation is 1. Central Uplands includes region
absent. bordering the main Alps to the north,
3. The major temperate grasslands include which includes a large portion of
the Velds of South America, the southern Germany extending eastward.
Pampas of Africa, the Steppes of
Eurasia, etc. 2. Central Uplands region is excellent
Which of the above statements are true? source of raw materials such as forest
products and coal.
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 1 & 3
3. The Central Uplands are also good
(c) 1 only (d) All
locations for dairy farming and cattle
3. Consider the following statements related to raising.
Season of Retreating Monsoon:
Which of the above statements is/are
1. The months of October and November correct?
are known for retreating monsoons.
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 only
2. The retreating southwest monsoon
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All
season is marked by clear skies and rise
in temperature. 6. River Niger passes through which of the
following West African countries?

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1. Benin Codes:
2. Guinea (a) 1 & 3 (b) 2 & 3
3. Burkina Faso (c) 1 & 2 (d) All
Select the answer from the codes given 10. Consider the following statements related to
below: the Peninsular Rivers:
Codes: 1. Peninsular rivers are characterized by
fixed course, absence of meanders and
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
non-perennial flow of water.
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All
2. Peninsular rivers have graded profile,
7. Consider the following statements in the and have almost reached their base
context of alluvial soil: levels.
1. Alluvial soil belongs to zonal order. Which of the above statements is/are
2. Alluvial soils are rich in potash, lime incorrect?
and humus content but deficient in (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
nitrogen.
(c) All (d) None
3. Alluvial Soil decomposes very slowly
dues to excessive wetness as found in 11. Match the following:
the doab region. List I List II
Which of the above statements is/are A. Urals mountains 1. Volcanic
Mountain
incorrect?
B. Sierra Nevada 2. Folded Mountain
(a) 1 only (b) 1 & 2
(c) 1 & 3 (d) All C. Mt. Fuji 3. Block
Mountain
8. Which of the following pairs are correctly
matched? Codes:
1. Bhabhar belt - excessively moist and (a) A-2; B-3; C-1 (b) A-3; B-2; C-1
thickly forested region. (c) A-3; B-1; C-2 (d) A-2, B-1; C-3
2. Bangar belt - region made up of fresh 12. Ocean currents are the vertical or horizontal
newer alluvium. movement of both surface and deep water
3. Khadar belt - region consists of older throughout the world's oceans. They
alluvium and forms the alluvial terrace influence world climate. Which of the
of the flood plains. following statements is/are correct
regarding the effect of ocean currents on
Select the correct answer from the codes climate?
given below:
1. El Niño event in the Pacific Ocean is
Codes: caused by the localized effect of ocean
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only currents.
(c) 3 only (d) None 2. European type of climate off the
Western Coast of Europe develops due
9. Which of the following statements are true to effect of North Atlantic Warm
related to major island groups in India? Current.
1. Andaman and Nicobar island group is 3. Kalahari Desert along the western coast
an elevated portion of submarine of South Africa owes its origin due to
mountains. Benguela current.
2. Entire island group of Lakshadweep
Codes:
and Minicoy is built of coral deposits.
3. Barren island is the only active volcano (a) 1 only
in India situated in the Nicobar Islands. (b) 2 only
(c) 1 & 3
Select the correct answer from the codes
given below: (d) All

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13. Arrange the following capital of Asian 17. Consider the following statements related to
countries according to their location from the local wind "Loo":
west to east. 1. It is a hot and dry summer afternoon
1. Ashgabat wind which blows over the western
2. Tashkent Indo-Gangetic Plain region of North
India.
3. Dushanbe
2. It causes high humidity thus followed
Codes: by precipitation.
(a) 3-1-2 (b) 2-3-1 3. Loo in the plains of Northern India
(c) 1-2-3 (d) 1-3-2 naturally made the region relatively
free of the malaria disease.
14. Consider the following statements related to
the Meghalaya Plateau: Which of the above statements are correct?
1. It is a high plateau with Garo, Khasi (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 & 3
and Jayanti Hills. (c) 1 & 3 (d) All
2. The Meghalaya plateau is formed of
sedimentary rocks as drain by rivers. 18. Consider the following statements related to
coriolis effect on the wind direction:
3. Garo-Rajmahal gap separates it from
the main block of peninsular plateau. 1. The winds at all latitudes to the north of
0° deflect to the right of their intended
Which of the above statement is/are path in the Northern Hemisphere.
correct? 2. The Coriolis Effect impact the wind
(a) 1 only (b) 3 only speed alongwith its direction.
(c) 1 & 3 (d) 1 & 2 3. Tornadoes need the Coriolis Effect to
help develop the circular motion.
15. Which of the following factors affect the
distribution of temperature on oceans? Which of the above statements is/are
1. Latitudinal extent of sea. correct?
2. The intensity of isolation and its (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
duration on the surface. (c) 3 only (d) 2 & 3
3. Role of reflection, scattering and 19. Which of the following is/are the
absorption. significance of studying of the Oceanic
4. The albedo of the ocean surface at Morphology?
varying times. 1. It helps in understanding the nature,
Codes: character and the motion of sea water.
(a) 1, 2 & 3 (b) 2 & 3 2. It helps in understanding the character
of marine fauna and flora.
(c) 1, 3 & 4 (d) All
3. It helps in planning for economic
16. What will be the impact of sea level rise on development as the bottom relief of
coastal ecosystem? oceans influences navigation and
1. Salt water could flood parts of the fishing.
coastal areas, leaving animals with less
Codes:
habitat.
(a) 1 and 2
2. Barrier islands, beaches, sand dunes,
salt marshes, mangrove stands may (b) 2 and 3
washed over or drowned. (c) Only 1
3. Salt water will intrude groundwater. (d) All
Which of the above stated impacts is/are 20. What are the advantages of using manure?
correct? 1. Manure helps in improving the soil
(a) 1 only (b) 3 only structure.
(c) 1 & 2 (d) All 2. In clayey soils, manure helps in
drainage and avoids water logging.

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3. Manure improves microbial activity 23. Which of the following factors are leading
which enhances the mineral supply of to severe heat waves in India?
the soil. 1. Northward movement of the Sun in
4. It produces methane gas which can be summers.
used as biogas for cooking and heating 2. Anti-cyclonic conditions in Bay of
purposes. Bengal.
Codes: 3. Formation of high pressure belt in the
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4 interior regions.
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All 4. Frequent El-Nino.

21. Which among the following given Codes:

statements best illustrates the features of the (a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4
Atlantic Ocean? (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All
1. The Atlantic Ocean was formed due to
24. Which of the following statements are
drifting of North and South Americas
incorrect with respect to the Indian
to the west during Mesozoic period.
Monsoon current?
2. The Atlantic Ocean widens to the north
1. It is seasonally varying ocean current.
of the equator and narrows down to
south of the equator which gives it 'S' 2. It is generally found in the tropical
shape. regions of the Southern Indian Ocean.
3. It consists of Mid Atlantic Ridge, 3. The seasonally reversing open ocean
representing the zone of convergent currents that pass south of India are
plate boundary, through which several referred to as the Winter Monsoon
peaks project out as Cape Verde Island, Current and the Summer Monsoon
St Helena, etc. Current.
4. During winter, the ocean current is
Codes: directed westward from near the
(a) 1 and 3 (b) Only 2 Indonesian Archipelago to the Arabian
(c) Only 1 (d) 1 and 2 Sea.

22. Consider the following statements with Codes:

respect to the Land Biomes and their (a) Only 2
Latitudinal Distribution: (b) 2 and 3
1. Tropical Evergreen Rain forest biome is (c) 1, 3 and 4
characterized by two or three layered
(d) 3 and 4
crown of trees which extends 10 degree
North to 10 degree South latitude. 25. Consider the following statements
2. Savannah biome consists of only regarding the Peninsular River system:
grasslands of various proportions, and 1. The Bhima River is a major left bank
extends in both the hemispheres on the tributary of Krishna River.
edges of tropical rainforests. 2. Chitrakoot waterfall is located on
3. Monsoon deciduous forest biome Pranhita River.
presents a more open trees growth 3. Amaravati River flows through Indira
where greater development of Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary & National
vegetation occurs in the lower layers. Park.
Which of the above statements are correct? Which of the statements given above are
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 correct?
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
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Physical Geography Test-4 Answers

Part - 2

Ans. 1. (a) decomposes slowly. It is poor in organic

matter.
Exp: Inflow of western cyclones generally known
as disturbances during the winter season Ans. 8. (d)
creates weather conditions favorable to
Exp: The Terai belt - lies next to the Bhabar region
rainfall, while tropical depressions during
and is composed of newer alluvium with an
the south-west monsoon period.
approximate width of 10-20 km where most
Ans. 2. (c) of the streams and rivers re-emerge without
having any properly demarcated channel.
Exp:
The region is excessively moist and thickly
(i) The Soil is rich in nutrient and minerals forested. The Bhabhar belt - is adjacent to
however thick vegetation is absent because the foothills of the Himalayas and consists
of seasonal drought, occasional fires and of boulders and pebbles which have been
grazing by large mammals all prevent carried down by the river streams. As the
woody shrubs and trees from becoming porosity of this belt is very high, the streams
established. flow underground. The bhabar is generally
(ii) The major temperate grasslands include the narrow about 7-15 km wide. The Bangar
veld of Africa, the pampas of South belt - consists of older alluvium and forms
America, the steppes of Eurasia, etc. the alluvial terrace of the flood plains. In the
Gangetic plains, it has a low upland covered
Ans. 3. (d) by laterite deposits. The Khadar belt - lies in
Ans. 4. (a) lowland areas after the Bangar belt. It is
made up of fresh newer alluvium which is
Exp: Rosewood, Mehogeny are examples of deposited by the rivers flowing down the
Tropical Evergreen forests. plain.
The main trees are teak, sal, sandal wood, Ans. 9. (d)
deodar, bluegum, ebony, sisam, jackfruit,
mahua, palash, arjun, khair and bamboo for Ans. 10. (d)
Deciduous forests.
Ans. 11. (a)
Ans. 5. (d) Exp: Fold mountains are formed when two of the
Ans. 6. (a) Earth's tectonic plates collide head on. Some
examples of fold mountain ranges include
Exp: River Niger passes through Guinea, Mali, the Rocky Mountains in North America,
Niger, Benin, Nigeria. and the Himalayan Mountains in Asia.

Ans. 7. (d) Fault-block mountains are created when

faults or cracks in the Earth's crust force
Exp: Alluvial soil belongs to azonal order with materials upward. Examples of fault-block
no clear distinction of profile. Alluvial soil is mountains include the Sierra Nevada
poor in humus content hence there is a need mountains.
of repeated addition of manure and
fertilizers. Alluvial Soil does not Volcanic mountains are created when
magma from beneath the Earth makes its

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way to the surface. Ex., Mauna Loa and Exp: The Earth rotates at a high speed counter-
Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii. clockwise as viewed from the North Pole. If
an object starts at the North Pole and moves
Ans. 12. (d) toward the equator in a straight-line path,
Ans. 13. (d) for example, the object will appear to deflect
to the right of its intended path because the
Exp: Ashgabat-58° 22' E, Tashkent - 69° 13' E, earth is rotating under it as it moves. This is
Dushanbe- 68° 46' E called the Coriolis Effect. If the earth did not
rotate, an object would continue on a
Ans. 14. (c)
straight-line path without appearing to
Exp: The Meghalaya plateau was once a part of deflect at all. The amount of deflection
the Deccan plateau and it is formed of hard varies with latitude, the speed of the object
ancient rocks. and the rotation of the earth. The deflection
is greatest at the poles and decreases to zero
Ans. 15. (d) at the equator.
Ans. 16. (d) The Coriolis Effect can be seen in action in
the general circulation of the atmosphere.
Exp: Climate change will damage coastal
The winds at all latitudes to the north of 0°
wetlands all over the world. Wetlands
deflect to the right of their intended path in
protect the shore from flooding, and they
the Northern Hemisphere. The Coriolis
also provide important habitats for many
Effect does not impact the wind speed, but
types of plants and animals. High tides and
affects only the wind direction. The Coriolis
storm surges riding on ever-higher seas are
Effect impacts objects on a large scale and
more dangerous to people and coastal
does not generally have a big influence on
infrastructure. Sea-level rise can mean that
small scale objects at the earth's surface.
salt-water intrudes into groundwater
Though hurricanes are small scale
drinking supplies, contaminates irrigation
compared to the overall globe, hurricanes
supplies, or overruns agricultural fields.
need the Coriolis Effect to help develop the
Low-lying, gently sloping coastal areas are circular motion of their circulations.
particularly vulnerable to contamination of Tornadoes are not impacted by the Coriolis
freshwater supplies. Effect because they are so small in scale and
Ans. 17. (c) short in duration. The direction water goes
down the drain is also not impacted by the
Exp: The Loo is a strong, hot and dry summer Coriolis Effect.
afternoon wind from the west which blows
over the western Indo-Gangetic Plain region Ans. 19. (d)
of North India and Pakistan. It is especially Exp: The study of the morphology of the oceans is
strong in the months of May and June. Due important because the relief controls the
to its very high temperatures (45° C - 50° C nature, character and the motion of sea
or 115° F - 120° F), exposure to it often leads water. The oceanic movement in the form of
to fatal heatstrokes. currents, in turn, causes many variations,
which are important to the character of
Since it causes extremely low humidity and marine fauna and flora. The bottom relief of
high temperatures, the Loo also has a severe oceans also influences navigation, fishing
drying effect on vegetation leading to and other important activities of man.
widespread browning in the areas affected
by it during the months of May and June. Ans. 20. (d)

Certain insect-borne diseases, such as Exp: Manure in the form of animal dung is being
malaria, have historically registered dips used as fertilizer in farming for many
during the Loo season as insects centuries, it improves the soil structure. It
populations also plummet during this helps hold more water and nutrients in the
season. soil and makes the soil more fertile.
Application of manure to soil also improves
Ans. 18. (a) microbial activity which enhances the
mineral supply of the soil thereby

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improving plant nutrition. It improves the areas also. Anti-cyclone conditions in Bay of
nitrogen content and other nutrients in the Bengal prevents the extension of maritime
soil promoting plant growth. influence in the coastal regions and leading
to rise in temperature there also. Regions of
Ans. 21. (c) north west India like Western UP, Haryana,
Exp: The Atlantic Ocean was formed due to Rajasthan where it is given name 'loo' face
drifting of North and South Americas to the regular heatwaves. Interior regions of other
west during Mesozoic period. The Atlantic states like Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, West
Ocean widens to the south of the equator Bengal also face heat wave conditions. In
and narrows down towards the equator. recent years because of global warming
Mid Atlantic Ridge is the most striking effect, frequent el-Nino the events of heat
bottom relief feature of the Atlantic Ocean, waves have increased and in the year 2015
representing the zone of divergent or more than 2000 people died because of heat
constructive plate boundary. stroke, mostly in the regions of Telangana
and Andhra Pradesh.
Ans. 22. (c)
Ans. 24. (a)
Exp: Tropical evergreen rain forest biome is
characterized by two or three layered crown Exp: Generally found in the tropical regions of
of trees which extends 10 degree North 10 the Northern Indian Ocean.
degree south latitude. Savannah biome
Ans. 25. (c)
consists of both the grass and trees lands of
various proportions, and extends in both Exp: The Bhima River is a major left bank
the hemispheres. Monsoon deciduous forest tributary of Krishna River that flows
biome presents a more open trees growth through Maharashtra, Karnataka, and
than equatorial rain forest biome. Telangana states, before meeting with her.

Ans. 23. (d) The Chitrakoot Falls is a natural waterfall

located to the west of Jagdalpur, in Bastar
Exp: Since India is a tropical country with district in Chhattisgarh on the Indravati
monsoon type of climate its interior regions River. It is the widest fall in India. Because
face high temperature situations during of its width and wide spread during the
summer periods before the onset of monsoon season, it is often called the
monsoon. As sun moves northwards after Niagara Falls of India.
March equinox, central India heats up
during April and north -west India during The Amaravati River is a tributary of Kaveri
May. This heat is transferred to other River. It is formed by the Pambar and
eastern regions through advection and Chinnar rivers in Kerala.
resulting into heat wave condition in these
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