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FUNDACION CATALINA DE MARÍA
LICEO SAGRADO CORAZÓN- COPIAPÓ

71 AÑOS, 1949 – 2020
STUDY GUIDE UNIT 0 ELEVENTH GRADE
Aprendizajes esperados:
 Conocer y usar la voz en inglés que expresa la relación del sujeto con la acción a través
del verbo. La voz tiene dos valores: activa y pasiva.
 Reconocer y utilizar, en forma correcta, sabiendo que en la voz activa participa un
verbo, y en la voz pasiva debe estar el verbo to be más el pasado participio del segundo
verbo.
NAME: ____________________________ CLASS: ___________ MARK: ____

Passive Voice
Everybody drinks water.
Water is drunk by everybody.
"Voice" is a grammatical category that applies to verbs. Voice in English expresses the
relationship of the subject to the action. Voice has two values:
 active: the subject does the action

 passive: the subject receives the action
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
The active voice is the "normal" voice - the one that we use most of the time. In the active
voice, the object receives the action of the verb:
subject verb object

active →
Cats eat mice.
The passive voice is less common. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of
the verb:
subject verbs object

passive ←
Mice are eaten by cats.
See how the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object

active Everybody drinks water.
passive Water is drunk by everybody.
Active Voice
Cats eat mice.
The active voice is the "normal" voice of an English sentence. Intransitive verbs (verbs
with no direct object) are always in the active voice. Transitive verbs are usually in the
active voice:
Important:
In the active voice there is just one verb.
subject verb
Johnny laughed.
Anton got up late.
People drink water.
In the active voice, the subject is the person or thing responsible for the action of the verb.
All tenses are possible in the active voice, as well as all sentence types, positive, negative
or question.
Use of active
The active voice is:
 direct and specific

 uses fewer words - always a good thing
 dynamic
Except on occasions when the passive voice is actually useful, the active voice is the voice
of choice.
Passive Voice
Mice are eaten by cats.
Important:
In the passive voice there are two verbs.
Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, there are several good
reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this page we look at how to construct the passive
voice and when and why to use it.
How do we make the passive?
The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:
auxiliary verb main verb

subject + + + by + agent
be past participle
optional
The auxiliary be is conjugated in all tenses. The main verb is always the past participle. The
agent is the original "doer" of the action.
Look at some examples:
main verb
subject auxiliary verb be by
past participle
I am employed by Apple.
You will be woken at 6.
main verb
subject auxiliary verb be by
past participle
It will have been finished by then.
We have been notified by Head Office.
You are being transferred next week.
They will be paid.
Notice above↑:
 auxiliary be can be conjugated for all persons and tenses

 main verb is invariable: past participle
 if there is an agent (Apple, Head Office), it is introduced by by
Agentless passive
The subject of an active sentence "does" the action. In a passive sentence, we express the
doer (or agent) through a by phrase (the long passive) or, very often, we remove it
completely (the short passive). In the following example, the agent is "the Allies":
active The Allies firebombed Dresden.

passive long Dresden was firebombed by the Allies.
short Dresden was firebombed.
The short passive is also known as the "agentless passive". Soon you will see how useful it
can be.
Negatives and questions
The table below shows examples of the passive with negative sentences, question sentences
and negative-question sentences:
auxiliary verb main verb

subject
be past participle
You are not paid to watch YouTube.
Are they cleaned regularly?
Is he not notified immediately?

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FUNDACION CATALINA DE MARÍA

LICEO SAGRADO CORAZÓN- COPIAPÓ

STUDY GUIDE UNIT 0 ELEVENTH GRADE

NAME: ____________________________ CLASS: ___________ MARK: ____

 active: the subject does the action

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

subject verb object

subject verbs object

subject verb object

The active voice is:

 direct and specific

How do we make the passive?

The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:

auxiliary verb main verb

Look at some examples:

 auxiliary be can be conjugated for all persons and tenses

active The Allies firebombed Dresden.

Negatives and questions

auxiliary verb main verb

Are they cleaned regularly?

Is he not notified immediately?

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NAME: ______________________ CLASS: _ MARK: