6.2 Interference of Sound Notes

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PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

CAIE GRADE 7: Physics


6.2 Interference of sound
 When two or more sound waves occupy the same space, they affect one another.

 The waves do not bounce off of each, but they move through each other.

 The resulting wave depends on how the waves line up.

Waves that reinforce/ constructive interference:

 Two waves with the same frequency and amplitude line up – the peaks line up with peaks and
troughs with troughs as in diagram.

 The result is a wave that has twice the amplitude of the original waves so the sound wave
will be twice as loud.

 Example:

o The stage for a music concert.

o There are two loudspeakers – one on


either side of the stage.

o At certain places in the audience, people


may hear sounds of a particular pitch
louder than usual. This can be caused by the sound waves from the two loudspeakers meeting
and reinforcing.

Waves that Cancel/ Destructive interference:

 Destructive interference is when similar waves line up peak


to trough as in diagram.

 The result is a cancellation of the waves.

 Example:

o Noise-cancelling headphones work on this principle.

o They detect the sounds coming into the ear and produce sounds with equal volume but with
the peaks and troughs reversed, resulting in near silence.

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