NOTE MAKING

Features of Note Making

 Notes are not written in grammatically correct sentences.
 Notes are much shorter than original text.
 The main points and the supporting details are distinguished.
 Many unimportant words, helping words etc. are usually not used.
 Information is compact and short because of using symbols,
abbreviations, shorter words etc.

Steps Of Note Making

1. Read the passage thoroughly.
2. Underline the important information.
3. Note down the main points. Write the points in abbreviations (two
or three related ideas can be combined into one point).
4. Use colons and long dash and other symbols and signs.
5. Number the headings and the main points.
6. At the end, form a summary on the basis of the notes prepared.

Format of Note Making

Notes:

TITLE

1 Heading
A. Sub-heading:
B.  Sub-heading:
C. Sub-heading:
i. Sub Sub-heading:
ii. Sub Sub-heading:
iii. Sub Sub-heading:
2. Heading :
A. Sub-heading:
B.Sub-heading:

i. Sub Sub-heading:
ii.Sub Sub-heading:
3. Heading :
A. Sub-heading:
i. Sub Sub-heading:
 Key To Abbreviations ( min.four)

i. Word 1
ii. Word 2
iii. Word 3
iv. Word 4

Marking Scheme Of Note Making

CBSE prescribes Note Making to be of 8 marks. Here’s how it is divided –

 Headings  – 1 Mark
 Abbreviations (Key) – 1 Mark
 Content (Notes) – 3 Marks
 Summary – 3 Marks

Tips and Tricks of Note Making

1. Do not write long headings.
2. Try to complete the notes within 4 to 5 headings.
3. Notes should be presented in a systematic manner.
4. Headings and relevant information should be numbered.
5. Must make a key for abbreviations

After note making, we summarize the notes. Summarizing is the selection

and paraphrasing information of the original source. This is done by
analyzing the passage in order to form a structure of writing. The word limit
for summary is 80 words(1/4 of original passage)

Q.1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: (8 Marks)

Conversation is indeed the most easily teachable of all arts. All you need to do in order to become
a good conversationalist is to find a subject that interests you and your listeners. There are, for
example, numberless hobbies to talk about. But the important thing is that you must talk about
other fellow’s hobby rather than your own. Therein lies the secret of your popularity. Talk to your
friends about the things that interest them, and you will get a reputation for good fellowship,
charming wit, and a brilliant mind. There is nothing that pleases people so much as your interest
in their interest.

It is just as important to know what subjects to avoid and what subjects to select for good
conversation. If you don’t want to be set down as a wet blanket or a bore, be careful to avoid
certain unpleasant subjects. Avoid talking about yourself, unless you are asked to do so. People
are interested in their own problems not in yours. Sickness or death bores everybody. The only
one who willingly listens to such talk is the doctor, but he gets paid for it.

To be a good conversationalist you must know not only what to say, but how also to say it. Be
mentally quick and witty. But don’t hurt others with your wit. Finally try to avoid mannerism in
your conversation. Don’t bite your lips or click your tongue, or roll your eyes or use your hands
excessively as you speak.

Don’t be like that Frenchman who said, “How can I talk if you hold my hand?”

.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points only, using
abbreviations, wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5 Marks)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words, using the notes you have
made. (3 Marks)

Q.2.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: (8 Marks)

The first crisis the lunar explorers faced came just short of moon fall. The Apollo 11 Lunar
Module, code – named ‘eagle’, was still 9.5 km (6 miles) up when the vital guidance computer
began flashing an alarm. It was overloading. Any second it could give up the ghost under the
mounting pressure and nothing the two astronauts could do would save the mission. Emergencies
were nothing new to Commander Neil Armstrong but he and his co – pilot Buzz Aldrin hadn’t
even practiced for this one on the ground – no one believed it could happen. Sweeping feet first
towards their target, they pressed ahead as controllers on Earth waited heart–in – mouth. Racing
against the computer, Eagle slowed and then pitched upright to stand on its rocket plume and
gave Armstrong his first view of the landing site. The wrong one! They had overshot by four
miles into unfamiliar territory and were heading straight for a football field size crater filled with
boulders “the size of Volkswagens”.

With his fuel running out, and only a minute’s flying time left, Armstrong coolly accelerated the
hovering Eagle beyond the crater, touching 88 km/h (55mph). Controllers were puzzled and
alarmed by the unplanned maneuvers. Mission Director George Hale pleaded silently: “Get it
down, Neil. Get it down.” The seconds ticked away.

“Forward, drifting right,” Aldrin said. And then, with less than 20 seconds left, came the magic
word: “Contact!” Armstrong spoke first: “Tranquility base here, the Eagle has landed.” His words
were heard by 600 million people – a fifth of humanity. About six and a half hours later, Eagle’s
front door was opened and Armstrong backed out onto a small porch. He wore a €200,000 moon
suit, a sort of thermos flask capable of stopping micrometeoroids travelling 30 times faster than a
rifle bullet. He carried a backpack which weighed 49 kg and enough oxygen for a few hours.
Heading down the ladder, Armstrong unveiled a €200,000 TV camera so the world could witness
his first step: “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” It was 3.56 am, 21
July, 1969.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points only, using
abbreviations, wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5 Marks)
(b) Write a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words, using the notes you have
made. (3 Marks)

Q.3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: (8 Marks)

Already in 1899, the core area of what today is the Periyar Sanctuary was declared a reserved
forest in order to protect the catchment area of the Periyar River. This river has been dammed in
1895, resulting in several small lakes and a reservoir. In 1934, the area, including the reservoir,
was declared a sanctuary. The total area of the present sanctuary is 777 km today and it is located
in the state of Kerala in the Cardamom Hill Ranges in the southernmost part of Western Ghats.

The climate is tropical with shifting vegetation and physical features. Precipitation is varying
within Periyar with a mean annual rainfall of 2030 mm. An undulating hill landscape with several
peaks between 1200 and 1800 m is merged with portions of lower terrain.

Four different types of vegetation characterize the landscape. ‘Sholas or tropical evergreen forest,
semi – evergreen forest and moist deciduous forest, which is interrupted by grasslands and reed
brakes (‘elephant grass’), particularly on higher altitudes. The fauna is rich, including mammals
such as the endangered lion – tailed macaque monkey, the Nilgiris langur monkey, sloth bear,
tiger, leopard, elephant, gaur, sambar deer, otter, wild boar and a small population of Nilgiris
tahr. In addition to this, 181 bird species have been recorded, including the spectacular great
Indian hornbill.

The indigenous population comprises a few tribal groups, now relocated outside the park. The
Manan tribe, who formerly lived in the sanctuary, were relocated already in the 1950s. They were
later deprived of the land given in compensation, thus left destitute. The Manan community
numbers about 1000 people and can today be seen engaged in fishing and casual labor in the
close vicinity of the sanctuary.

The pressure on the sanctuary has been intensive in the late 20th century. Each year it is
estimated that 150,000 – 200,000 people visit Periyar , but the majority of these visitors are of
Indian origin and make day visits by bus or car. A large number stay either in bungalows, lodges
or hotels outside the sanctuary and enter the reserve in smaller boats, from which they can spot
animals at the shores of the small lakes, or visit the Sabarimala Hindu Temple in the westernmost
part of the sanctuary. A minority of the visitors are foreigners and many of them prefer to enter
the fringes of the sanctuary by foot during day – trips or spot animals from smaller boats.

Earlier efforts to conserve the sanctuary have been jeopardized by the previously intensive
exploitation of the forests and forest products, and in addition to this, the extensive poaching of
tiger, elephant, sambar deer, gaur and wild boar. Much of this has been carried out by people
from the neighboring state of Tamil Nadu or other locals and to a lesser degree by dislocated
tribal people.

Rosewood, teak, cinnamon bark and cardamom have also been logged or extracted illicitly on a
major scale. Severe punishment for poaching has not deterred intruders from illegal hunting.
Trespassers discovered with firearms within the sanctuary face a minimum prison term of 6 years.
If they make use of their weapons, the penalty is 12 years rigorous imprisonment. This
information was given independently by four different rangers in the area in 1998, 1999 and
2000. The severe punishment for poaching, or even trespassing increases the risk for the forest
guards and local trackers, who regularly patrol the sanctuary, of being shot at by such armed
intruders trying to escape.

(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points only, using
abbreviations, wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5 Marks)
(b) Write a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words, using the notes you have
made. (3 Marks)

Q.4. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: (8 Marks)

“Relay kidnapping’ is the new ‘industry’ in Chambal valley. With rural dacoity going out of
vogue, the multi – crore kidnapping industry has turned towards urban residents and high –
profile commuters on national highways.

Earlier, dacoits kidnapped people from villages located in the region. Now they buy hostages
from Delhi and Bihar gangs. A gang gets around Rs. 20,000 for handing over the hostage to the
dacoits, who negotiated with the hostage’s family for a higher price. Between the hit team and the
dacoits there are small – town gangs who act as conduits for inbound and outbound hostages.

Anti – dacoity expert Hari Singh Yadav, IPS, said, “The modus operandi has changed, with the
actual abduction being done by a small organized gang and the victim being sold to a bigger
gang. Now the kidnappings are not being done by ravine dacoits but by urban criminals.”

Often, the police are not alerted by the victim’s family in its concern for the safety of the hostage.
Chambal – based journalist Rakesh Pathak commented: “People have stopped relying on the
police as the number of murders by kidnappers is on the rise.”

The 37,000 sq km Gwalior – Chambal belt has long been a kidnapper’s haven, thanks to its
inaccessible ravines and inter – state borders. The anti – dacoity operations launched in 1960
have resulted in 4,000 bandits being arrested, 2,000 being killed and an equal number’s surrender.
But the bandit – police – politician nexus promotes the arrival of fresh recruits and strengthening
of existing gangs. Fakkad Baba is a case in point. After evading arrest for 27 years, he
successfully negotiated and surrendered in Madhya Pradesh, thus escaping 200 cases against him
in Uttar Pradesh.

The last big “classic – style’ kidnapping was done two years ago by the Gadaria gang, which
carries a Rs. 15 lakh bounty on its head. The gang took away a bus and collected more than Rs.
50 lakhs, by releasing the passengers one by one over a week.

The last six hostages carried a letter from the Gadarias to the media. It said that the gang paid a
monthly fee of Rs. 50,000 to the Gwalior police for protection and ammunition. Rani Chauhan, a
victim rescued from the Jagjivan Pariahar gang confirmed that policemen even visit dacoit
hideouts in the ravines.

Former Shivpuri MLA, Narendra Birthere, said policemen were in it for promotions and gallantry
medals. Chambal – based novelist, Manmohan Kumar Tamanna, elaborated that the police gave
petty criminals a free run and killed them when the government put a price on their heads.

Said Tamanna, who has written 46 novels on the Chambal society started: “When a villager
becomes a bandit, he helps light a hundred chulahs (hearths). There are people who supply guns
on rent, informers get their livelihood from the police, some shuttle the dacoits around, others
supply food and groceries and some become middlemen in the kidnapping racket.”

According to police records, the Gwalior – Charnbal region has seen over 2,000 kidnappings
between 1998 and 2008. Unofficial estimates put the total ransom amount over Rs. 20 crores.
Locals say that the dacoits live on the edge and it is the policemen who benefit – cuts from the
ransom when the gang is active; promotions and bounty when the gang is dead.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points only, using
abbreviations, wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5 Marks)

(b) Write a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words, using the notes you have
made. (3 Marks)