Contoh Soal TOEFL

Contoh Soal TOEFL (Structure) dan Pembahasannya
SOAL
1. He ..bacon and eggs every morning.
A. is used to eat C. has been used to eating
B. hadused to eat D. use to eating
2. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them.. every night this week.
A. Practice C. practiced
B. to practice D. the practice
3. You…. your seatstodau if you want to go to the game.
A. had better to reserve C. had to better reserve
B. had better reserve D. had to reserve better
4. Your sister used to visit you quite often
A. didn’t she C. wouldn’t she
B. doesn’t she D. hadn’t she
5. Mr. Reagan was… the long chain of unfortunate events
A. the first to break C. firstly broken
B. the first breaking D. breaking the first
6. There is often disagreement as to … is the better students, Bob or Helen
A. whom C. who
B. whose D. which
7. A few of….are planning to drive to Florida today.
A. we girls C. girls us
B. girls we D. us girls
8. Please go to … to pick up your ID card.
A. third window C. window third
B. the window three D. the third window
9. It’s a shame that you have….time in New York on the tour
A. so few C. a few
B. solittle D. a little
10. She hasn’t seen her family….three years ago
A. since C. for
B. from D. before
11. this coffee tastes a little…to me.
A. strongly C. so strong
B. Strong D. too strong
12. It is…day that travel advisories have been issued for most themajor highways.
A. such snowy C. such a snowy
B. so snowy D. such snowy
13. I like these dises, but…is a little too small
A. the tea cup C.thetea’s cup
B. cup of tea D. thecup for the tea

14. I will return your notes assoon as …copying them.
A. I will finish C. i finish
B. I do finish D.I finished
15. Although she is very popular, she is not…her sister.
A. more pretty than C. pretty as
B. as pretty like D. prettier than
JAWABAN DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

1. Jawaban C
Kata “used to “ digunakan untuk membandingkan waktu lampau dan waktu kini, dan
seringkali menunjukkan makna kebiasaan atau pengulangan. (Zandvoort, 1980:84).
2. Jawaban A
Kata “had” dalam kalimat tersebut berarti “menyuruh” dan membentuk struktur
“causative”aktif, sehingga kata kerja dibelakangnya harus berbentuk infinitive tanpa “to”,
yaitu “practice” (berlatih).
3. Jawaban B
Salah satu ungkapan bahasa Inggris untuk menyatakan “lebih baik” adalah “had better +V1”.
Jadi , “had better reserve” (lebih baik memesan) merupakan pilihan yang tepat untuk kalimat
tersebut.
4. Jawaban A
Kata bantu dalam “question tag” didasarkan pada kata kerja dalam kalimat yang terkait. Kata
kerja dalam kalimat positif tersebut berupa V2 (past tense) “used to”, sehingga kata kerja
bantu yang digunakan untuk melengkapi QT-nya yang tepat adalah “didn’t. Apabila kata
kerja nya kalimat positif adalah V1 plus “-s”, maka QT-nya “don’t”. Jika kata kerjanya
V1 plus “-s”, QT-nya “doesn’t”. Apabila kata kerja kalimat berupa be (can, will, could,
would), maka cukup menambahkan not setelahnya untuk membentuk QT.
5. Jawaban A
Ungkapan “the first to break” dalam kalimat terebut berasal dari bentuk panjang “the first
man who broke”. Frasa “man who broke” dengan kata kerja bentuk lampau ini dapat diganti
dengan struktur “to +V1”, yaitu “to break”.
6. Jawaban C
Kata ganti orang yang paling tepat adalah “who”, karena berfungsi sebagai pengganti subjek
dalamanak kalimat tersebut.
7. Jawaban D
Kata “of” sebagai kata depatn jika diikuti kata ganti orang, maka harus berbentuk objek,
sehigga pilihanyang tepat adalah “us girls”.
8. Jawaban D
Kata bilangan penunjuk urutan (ordinals)biasanya didahului sebuah kata sandang tentu
( definite determiner) yaiut “ the “. (Leech, 1979:254).
9. Jawaban B
Kata “time” termasuk kata benda tak dapat dihitung (uncountable), jadi untuk menyatakan
“begitu sedikit waktu” yang tepat adalah “so little time”. “Little” hanya digunakan pada kata
benda tak dapat dihitung.
10. Jawaban A
Kalimat tersebut berbentuk Present Perfect Tense (hasn’t seen). Jika keterangan waktunya
menunjuk pada suatu titik waktu tertentu (“three years ago”, misalnya dihitung dari tahun
2008 titik waktunya adalah tahun 2005), maka kata depan yang harus dipakai adalah “sejak”
(since).
11. Jawaban B
Kata “tastes” (terasa, rasanya) harus diikuti jenis kata sifat,yaitu “strong” (kental).
12. Jawaban C
“Such” digunakan secara khusus untuk menunjukkan suatu cirri bentuk benda tertentu
(identity of type). Contoh lain: “They regulary get “ The Daily Courier’. I wouldn’t
read such a paper” (Quirkm 1972:703)
13. Jawaban A
Frasa kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris pada umumnya berstruktur hokum MD (yang
diterangkan terletak dibelakang (yang menerangkan ). Jadi, berbalikan dengan frasa kata
benda bahasa Indonesia yang berstruktur MD. Kata “tea” adalah menerangkan (M) dan “cup”
adalah yang diterangkan (D). Struktur “noun phrase” seperti ini dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal
sebagai “Modifier-Head” (MH).
14. Jawaban C
Kalimat itu tepat jika dilengkapi dengan subjek dan kata kerja berbentuk waktu Simple
Present Tense, yaitu “I finish”.
15. Jawaban D
Kalimat itu menggunakan Comparative Degree. Jika terdiri dari dua suku kata, untuk
menyatakan lebih, maka cukup member imbuhan “-er” dan diikuti “than”. Jadi, pilihan yang
benar adalah “prettier than”.
1. I had finished cleaning the house when my friends arrived. this sentence means that ....
A. We were cleaning the house together
B. My friends did not see me cleaning the house
C. My friends came before i started cleaning the house
D. I stopped cleaning the house after my friends had come
2. Dedi : "Arya, how do you inspec in our new criminals?"

Arya :" I had the special agent......."
A. Investigate
B. Investigated
C. Investigater
D. Investigates
3. Every student.... wear uniform in flag ceremony.

A. Will
B. Shoul
C. Must
D. May
4. The new emploees are furious .. the news about their delayed salary.
A. Receiving
B. Received
C. To receive
D. Receive
5. .... Airlangga University has a well-respected medical school.

A. As university
B. As public university
C. As the university
D. As a public university
JAWABAN SOAL : Tes Toefl : Structure And Written Expression
1. JAWABAN :B
Kalimat I had finished cleaning the house when my friends arrived dapat diartikan: Saya telah
selesai membersihkan rumah ketika teman-teman saya telah datang. Artinya teman-teman
subjek tidak melihatnya membersihkan rumah. Jawaban yang tepat adalah : My friends did
not see me cleaning the house.
2. JAWABAN : A
Had (bentuk past dari have) adalah salah satu causative verb. Have diikuti oleh bare infinitive
(V1). jadi jawaban yang tepat untuk kalimat tersebut adalah investigate
3. JAWABAN : C
Kalimat tersebut dapat dilengkapi dengan ungkapan "keharusan". Modal yang tepat untuk
kalimat tersebut adalah must (harus)
4. JAWABAN : A
Kalimat tersebut menggunakan bentuk present. Kalimat tersebut dapat menggunakan
adjective phrase yang merupakan reduksi dari adjective clause yang menggunakan when.
The new employees are furious (when they are) receiving the news about their delayed salar.
When they are bisa dihilangkan sehingga kalimat yang dihasilkan adalah "the new emploees
are furious receiving the news about their delayed salary"
5. JAWABAN : D
Prepositional phrase yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah as a public
university yang berarti sebagai universitas publik.
Sesi Structure and Written Expression mempunyai dua tipe, PART A - Stucture dan Part B

- Written Expression. Pada umumnya Anda mempunyai 25 menit untuk mengerjakan soal pada sesi
ini. Jumlah soal sebanyak 40 buah.
Apa yang diujikan?
Sesi kedua, disebut juga sebagai sesi grammar, menguji kecakapan Anda terhadap standar formal
aturan penulisan/grammar bahasa Inggris. Banyak aturan dapat berterima dalam percakapan (spoken)
tapi tidak dalam penulisan (written). Anda harus menggunakan cara yang paling ekonomis (hemat
waktu) dan matang (dengan baik) dan strategi yang terbaik dalam menjawab semua soal dalam sesi
ini.
Skill apa yang harus Anda persiapkan?
Anda harus betul-betul mengetahui aturan grammar yang benar dengan baik agar Anda dapat dengan
cepat mengetahui jawaban mana yang tidak sesuai dengan grammar yang formal.
Pendekatan apa yang harus Anda gunakan untuk menjawab soal Part A - Structure?
- Ketahuilah bahwa petunjuk soal meminta Anda mengenali standar penulisan bahasa Inggris yang
formal.
- Ketahuilah bahwa Anda akan memilih satu jawaban yang paling benar untuk melengkapi jawaban.
Boleh saja diantara beberapa jawaban bisa melengkapi kalimat tapi hanya ada satu yang paling benar.
Untuk pertanyaan Part A, Anda harus:
1. Membaca semua kalimat, dan mencoba memasukkan pilihan jawaban yang tersedia. Misal
masukkan terlebih dahulu pilihan jawaban A.
2. Jika jawaban A tidak benar, cobalah untuk memikirkan kenapa tidak benar.
3. Jika Anda sudah mengetahui kenapa jawaban A salah maka silahkan lanjut ke pilihan B, C, dan D.
4. Jika masih saja tidak yakin, cobalah untuk mengingat rumus dari kalimat tersebut.
5. Jika Anda tidak bisa mendapatkan jawaban yang paling benar, eliminasilah terlebih dahulu
jawaban-jawaban yang jelas salah dan cobalah untuk menebak.
Contoh:
During the Daytona 500, the lead car ___________, leaving the others far behind.
A. forwarded rapidly
B. advanced rapidly
C. advanced forward rapidly
D. advanced in a rapidly manner
Analisa soal: Hal yang pertama Anda lakukan yaitu mencoba memasukkan jawaban A pada soal.
Anda dapat mengetahui bahwa jawaban A salah karena kalimat soal membutuhkan kata kerja
sementara jawaban A tidak memiliki kata kerja. Jika Anda yakin bahwa kata kerja advanced pada
jawaban B sudah sesuai untuk mengisi kalimat di atas maka Anda tidak perlu lagi ke pilihan C dan D.
Tapi jika anda kurang yakin Anda boleh lanjut ke pilhan C. Anda melihat bahwa jawaban C berlebih-
lebihan karena terdapat dua kata yang mepunyai makna sama. Advance telah bermakna move
forward (maju). Sementara jawaban D kata rapidly (adverb) sebelum manner (noun)
harusnya rapid (adjective) untuk membentuk suatu phrase (gabungan kata) yang benar. Ingat rumus
(Adjective + Noun) bukan (Adverb + Noun).
Pendekatan apa yang harus Anda gunakan untuk menjawab soal Part B - Written
Expression?
- Lagi, ingatlah bahwa Anda sedang mencari penulisan bahasa Inggris yang benar.
- Ingatlah bahwa Anda sedang mencari kata atau frasa (gabungan kata) yang salah, yang mesti diubah
agar kalimat menjadi benar.
Untuk pertanyaan Part B, Anda harus:
1. Membaca seluruh kalimat soal.
2. Jika Anda tidak menemukan jawaban yang salah dengan cepat. Maka ingatlah rumus-rumus yang
Anda telah pelajari dan pastikanlah pilihan-pilihan jawaban yang benar.
Contoh Soal I:
In the united states, there are much holidays throughout the year.
A B C D

Analisa jawaban: Ketika Anda membaca kalimat secara keseluruhan Anda dapat mengetahui dengan
cepat bahwa much tidak sesuai dengan kata holidays. Much menandakan uncountable noun (benda
tak bisa dihitung) sementara holidays dengan jelas merupakan kata benda yang bisa dihitung
(countable noun).
Contoh Soal II:
Tomatoes grows all year long in Florida
A B C D
Analisa jawaban: Jika Anda menjawab dengan terburu-buru, hanya dengan melihat pilihan jawaban
Anda bisa sja terkecoh dan memilih jawaban A dengan asumsi bahwa tomatoes (plural/jamak)
harusnya tomato (singular/tunggal) karena kata kerja grows berbentuk tunggal. Tapi jika Anda
membaca seluruh kalimat Anda akan mendapati bahwa konteks kalimat tidak mendiskusikan tentang
satu tomat. Olehnya jawaban yang Anda pilih yaitu jawaban B. Grows seharusnya grow.
Strategi Menjawab Soal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

Bacalah seluruh kalimat
-->
Ingatlah untuk menerapkan aturan-aturan grammar yang benar
-->
Eliminasi jawaban yang jelas salah (Part A) atau benar (Part B)
Akhir kata, semoga soal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression dan bahasan di bawah ini dapat
meningkatkan skor TOEFL Anda.
Section 2 — Structure and Written Expression
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard
written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.
Structure
Directions: Questions 1–4 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words
or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to
the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples:
Example I
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot liquids from below the
Earth's surface.
A. due to
B. because
C. in spite of
D. regardless of
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both emit
hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you should choose answer B.
Example II
During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticated instruments and
techniques.
A. so that hardly
B. where there hardly was
C. hardly was
D. there was hardly
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need for
sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, you should choose answer D.
Now begin work on the questions.
1. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.
A. it has
B. is having
C. which is having
D. has
2. The city of Beverly Hills is surrounded on ________ the city of Los Angeles.
A. its sides
B. the sides are
C. it is the side of
D. all sides by
3. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.
A. The
B. The fastest
C. The fastest dog
D. The fastest dog, the
4. Marmots spend their time foraging among meadow plants and flowers or ________ on rocky cliffs.
A. gets sun
B. sunning
C. the sun
D. sunny
5. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the Sun.
A. when does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
B. does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
C. when the Earth’s atmosphere traps
D. the Earth’s atmosphere traps
6. The Rose Bowl, ________ place on New Year’s Day, is the oldest postseason collegiate football
game in the United States.
A. takes
B. it takes
C. which takes
D. took
7. Experiments ________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.
A. using gene therapy
B. use gene therapy
C. they use
D. gene therapy uses
8. ________ off the Hawaiian coastline are living, others are dead.
A. While some types of coral reefs
B. Some types of coral reefs
C. There are many types of coral reefs

D. Coral reefs
9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark gray clouds ________ forecast rain.
A. what
B. which
C. what they
D. which they
10. Some economists now suggest that home equity loans are merely a new trap to push consumers
beyond ________.
A. they can afford
B. they can afford it
C. what is affordable
D. able to afford
11. People who reverse the letters of words ________ to read suffer from dyslexia.
A. when trying
B. if they tried
C. when tried
D. if he tries
12. Featured at the Henry Ford Museum ________ of antique cars dating from 1865.
A. is an exhibit
B. an exhibit
C. an exhibit is
D. which is an exhibit
13. Rubber ________ from vulcanized silicones with a high molecular weight is difficult to
distinguish from natural rubber.
A. is produced
B. producing
C. that produces
D. produced
14. ________ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does overhead is merely an optical
illusion.
A. The Moon
B. That the Moon
C. When the Moon
D. The Moon which
15. According to the World Health Organization, ________ there to be an outbreak of any of the six
most dangerous diseases, it could be cause for quarantine.
A. were
B. they were
C. there were
D. were they
Written Expression
Directions: In questions 5–10, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase
that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen.
Look at the following examples:
Example I
Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males' bright colors
A B C D
The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the males' bright
colors." Therefore, you should choose answer A.
Example II
Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.
A B C D
The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important
United States politician." Therefore, you should choose answer B.
Now begin work on the questions.
16. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-topped mountains more than a mile
A B C D
beneath sea level.
17. Because of the flourish with which John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence,
A
his name become synonymous with signature.
B C D
18. Segregation in public schools was declare unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1954.
A B C D
19. Sirius, the Dog Star, is the most brightest star in the sky with an absolute magnitude about
A B
twenty-three times that of the Sun.
B D
20. Killer whales tend to wander in family clusters that hunt, play, and resting together.
A B C D
21. Some of the most useful resistor material are carbon, metals, and metallic alloys.
A B C D
22. The community of Bethesda, Maryland, was previous known as Darcy's Store.
A B C D
23. Alloys of gold and copper have been widely using in various types of coins.
A B C D
24. J. H. Pratt used group therapy early in this century when he brought tuberculosis patients
A B C
together to discuss its disease.
D
25. The United States has import all carpet wools in recent years because domestic wools are
A B C
too fine and soft for carpets.
D
26. Irving Berlin wrote "Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning" while serving in a U.S. Army
A B C
during World War 1.
D
27. Banks are rushing to merge because consolidations enable them to slash theirs costs
A B C
and expand.
D
28. That water has a very high specific heat means that without a large temperature change
A B
water can add or lose a large number of heat.
C D
29. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as a classical
A B C D
musician.
D
30. The state seal still used in Massachusetts designed by Paul Revere, who also designed
A B C
the first Continental currency.
D
31.Quarter horses were developed in eighteenth-century- Virginia to race on courses short of
A B
about a quarter of a mile in length.
C D
32. No longer satisfied with the emphasis of the Denishawn School, Martha Graham has moved
A B C D
to the staff of the Eastman School in 1925.

33. William Hart was an act best known for his roles as western heroes in silent films.
A B C D
34. Prior to an extermination program earlier this century, alive wolves roamed across nearly all
A B C D
of North America.

35. During the 1960s the Berkeley campus of the University of California came to national
A B
attention as a result its radical political activity.
C D
36. Artist Gutzon Borglum designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and worked on project from
A B
1925 until his death in 1941.
C D
37. It is proving less costly and more profitably for drug makers to market directly to patients.
A B C D
38. Sapphires weighing as much as two pounds have on occasion mined.
A B C C
39. Like snakes, lizards can be found on all others continents except Antarctica.
A B C D
40. Banks, savings and loans, and finance companies have recently been doing home equity
A B
loans with greater frequency than ever before.
C D
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Untuk Part A -Structure kami tidak membahasnya melalui postingan ini mengingat akan sangat
membutuhkan waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menaganalisa soal atau pilihan jawaban satu persatu.
Hanya saja Anda dapat melihat sedikit pembahasan untuk Part B - Written Expression. Jika Anda
ingin menanyakan pembahasan terkait soal-soal tertentu Anda boleh bergabung ke grup
facebook Belajar Grammar TOEFL (UIN Alauddin Makassar).
Part A - Structure
DDDB CCAA BCAA DBA
Part B - Written Expression + Pembahasan

16. B - are --> masuk dalam kategori Inversion. Subjek kalimat adalah hundreds of flat-topped
mountains.
17. C - became --> signed (past) paralel dengan became (past) bukan become (present)
18. B - was declared --> Passive Voice (Be + VIII)
19. A - the brightest star --> Ingat aturan Comparison degree -Supelative
20. C - rest --> Hunt, play, and rest together (Harus paralel)
21. C - materials --> kata kerjanya are jadi butuh subjek yang plural. Some of ... material menandakan
plural
22. B - previously --> known berbentuk sebagai adjective. (Adv + Adj).
23. C - used --> have been + VIII
24. D - their --> their merujuk ke patients
25. A - imported --> has + VIII
26. C - the --> in the U.S. Army
27. C- their --> their + Noun. Thiers + Noun
28. D - amount --> heat menandakan uncountable noun. Amount (untuk uncountable noun) dan
number (untuk countable noun)
29. C - and --> (both + and)
30. B - was designed by --> butuh kata kerja (was)
31. B - short courses --> (Adjective + Noun) bukan (Noun + Adjective)
32. D - moved --> terdapat tahun di kalimat. Maka perlu kata kerja simple past (moved) bukan has
moved (past perfect)
33. A -actor --> kalimat bermaksud pelakunya (actor)
34. C - live --> alive terletak dibelakang kalimat. Live (adjective) + Noun
35. C - result of --> result + of (berpasangan)
36. B - the project --> on the project (frasa yang sudah umum)
37. B - profitable --> costly (adjective) --> profitable (adjective). Harus paralel. Profitably (adverb)
38. D - been mined --> have been + VIII
39. C - other --> other + noun. Others + Noun
40. B - making --> pelajari perbedaan do dan make
1. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United States developed the reusable space shuttle
________to space cheaper and easier.
A. to make access
B. and making access
C. which made accessible
D. and made accessible.
Pembahasan: to Infinitive
2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to humans _______.
A. are than any other animal
B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is
D. and any other animal is
Pembahasan: Comparative Degree
3._______more than 65,000 described species of protozoa, of which more than half are
fossils.
A. Being that there are
B. There being
C. Are there
D. There are
Pembahasan: There are (Subject di belakang verb)
4.The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly unanimously through the United States
Congress.
A. passed
B. in passage
C. having passed
D. passing
Pembahasan: Kehilangan verb
5.Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of beams and columns ___a three-dimensional
grid.
A. forms
B. from which forming
C. and forming
D. that forms
Pembahasan: Adjective Clause
6.The average level of United States prices grew very little from 1953 until the mid-1960’s
when ____________.
A. did inflation begin
B. inflation began
C. the beginning of inflation
D. did the beginning of inflation
Pembahasan: Adverb clause --> kehilangan subject & verb
7.The basis premise behind all agricultural production is _____available the riches of the soil
for human consumption.
A. to be made
B. the making
C. making is
D. to make
Pembahasan: to infinitive --> be (is, are, am, was, were) + to inf.
8.___to the United States House of Representatives in 1791, Nathaniel Macon remained in
office until 1815.
A. Election
B. Why he was elected
C. Elected
D. Who was elected
Pembahasan: Past Participle / Reduction in Adjective Clause
9.________ of classical ballet in the United States began around 1830.
A. To teach
B. Is teaching
C. It was taught
D. The teaching
Pembahasan: Kehilangan Subject. Ingat Noun + of + Noun
10.The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion and 20 billion years old.
A. being
B. to be
C. which is
D. is
Pembahasan: to infintive
11. A situation in which an economic market is dominated by a ____ is known as a
monopoly.
A. single of a product seller
B. product single of a seller
C. seller of a product single
D. single seller of a product
Pembahasan: Adjective (single) + Noun (seller) ---> Noun + of + Noun
12.____ freshwater species of fish build nests of sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand..
A. As the many
B. Of the many
C. Many
D. Many of them are
Pembahasan: Butuh pelengkap subject.
13.Newspaper publishers in the united states have estimated ___________reads a
newspaper every day.
A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population
C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
Pembahasan: Noun Clause kehilangan subject
14. The foundation of all other branches of mathematics is arithmetic, _ science of
calculating with numbers.
A. is the
B. the
C. which the
D. because the
Pembahasan: Appositive
15.Nylon was ___the human-made fibers.
A. the first of which
B. what the first of
C. it the first of
D. the first of
Pembahasan: butuh complement ... B dan C sudah pasti salah karena kalimat di atas telah
memiliki Subject dan Verb (lengkap u/ 1 clause).
2. 1. The hard palate forms a partition ____ and nasal passages.
(A) the mouth
(B) between the mouth
(C) is between the mouth
(D) it is between the mouth
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan verb sudah lengkap sehingga kita tidak butuh
lagi verb atau pun subject lainnya jika tidak terdapat connector. Pilihan C dan D
terdapat verb tanpa connector, jadi otomatis sudah salah. Jawaban yang paling tepat
ialah B.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject +
verb). Jika terdapat 2 clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2
connector. begitupun seterusnya.
2. Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon and Rick Blaine in Casablanca ____ of

Humphrey Bogart's more famous roles.
(A) they are two
(B) two of them are
(C) two of them
(D) are two
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat subject tapi kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb. Jawaban
yang terdapat verb ialah A, B, dan D; pilihan C sudah jelas salah. Pilihan A dan B
kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi subject. Jadi jawaban paling tepat ialah D.
3. ____, the outermost layer of skin, is about as thick as a sheet of paper over most of
the skin.
(A) It is the epidermis
(B) In the epidermis
(C) The epidermis
(D) The epidermis is
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat verb (is) tapi kehilangan subject jadi kita butuh subject.
Jawaban yang terdapat subject ialah A, C, dan D; pilihan B sudah jelas salah karena
terdapat preposition (in) yang menandakan the epedermis bukanlah subject. Pilihan A
dan D kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi verb di dalamnya. Jadi jawaban paling
tepat ialah C.
--> "the outermost layer of skin" bukanlah subject kalimat melainkan penjelas dari
suject sebelumnya. Penjelas semacam ini biasa disebut dg nama "appositive"
4. During the Precambrian period, the Earth's crust formed, and life ____ in the seas.
(A) first appeared
(B) first to appear
(C) is first appearing
(D) appearing
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (and): clause 1 (the
Earth's crust formed), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (life).
Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Secara structure, yang
memungkinkan ialah pilihan A dan C. Hanya dilihat dari tense (waktu) dan makna
maka yang sangat sesuai ialah pilihan A.
5. When fluid accumulates against the eardrum, a second more insidious type of ____
(A) otitis media may develop
(B) developing otitis media
(C) the development of otitis media
(D) to develop otitis media
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (when): clause 1 (fluid
accumulates), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (a second
more insidious type). Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Hanya
pilihan A yang memenuhi syarat.
6. Before the Statue of Liberty arrived in the United States, newspapers invited the
public to help determine where ____ placed after its arrival.
(A) should the statue be
(B) the statue being
(C) it should be the statue
(D) the statue should be
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat 3 clause yang ditandai adanya 2 connector (before) dan connector
(where): clause 1 (the Statue of Liberty arrived), clause 2 (newspapers invited), dan
clause ke 3 kehilangan subject dan helping verb, hanya terlihat past participle
(placed). Olehnya kita butuh subject dan helping verb untuk melengkapi clause 3.
Hanya pilihan A yang memenuhi syarat.
Helping verb: be (is, are, am, be, been), modals (can, could, must, dll), have (have,
has, had), do (do, does, did)
7. A stock ____ at an inflated price is called a watered stock.

3. (A) issued
4. (B) is issued
5. (C) it is issued
6. (D) which issued
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat kalimat diatas terdapat 1 clause yang lengkap: subject (A stock) dan verb (is
called). Jadi kita tidak membutuhkan lagi subject atau pun verb lainnya kecuali jika
terdapat connector. Pilihan B dan C terdapat verb namun tidak disertai dengan
connector sehingga salah. Pilihan D terdapat connector tapi tidak terdapat verb, hanya
terlihat past participle (issued) yang butuh helping verb. Sehingga pilihan yang tepat
ialah pilihan A.
7.
8. Acidic lava flows readily and tends to cover much larger areas, while basic lava
____.
(A) viscous
(B) is more viscous
(C) more viscous
(D) it is more vicious
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (while): clause 1
(Acidic lava flows readily and tends), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya
terlihat subject (basic lava ). Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk melengkapi clause 2.
Pilihan A dan C sudah jelas salah karena tidak terdapat verb. Pilihan D salah karena
terdapat subject lagi (double subject). Jadi pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan B.
9. Seismic reflections profiling has ____ the ocean floor is underlain by a thin layer of
nearly transparent sediments.
(A) reveal that
(B) revealed that
(C) the revelation of
(D) revealed about
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Present Perfect: has + verb III
Jawaban D salah karena terdapat preposition (about). Object dari preposition mesti
berbentuk noun sementara kalimat di atas terdiri dari clause (the ocean floor is
underlain).
10. ____ and terrifying, coral snakes can grow to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length.
(A) They are extremely poisonous
(B) The poison is extreme
(C) Extremely Poisonous
(D) An extreme amount of poison
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Parallel structure: Extremely poisonous (adjective) + terrifying (adjective)
11. The leaves of the white mulberry provide food for silkworms, ____ silk fabrics are
woven.
8. (A) whose cocoons
9. (B) from cocoons
10. (C) whose cocoons are from
11. (D) from whose cocoons
12. Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause tanpa connector: clause 1
(The leaves of the white mulberry provide) dan clause 2 (silk fabrics are woven). Jadi
yang kita butuhkan ialah connector untuk menghubungkan dua clause. Jawaban yg
paling sesuai ialah piliha D.
13. 12. As ____ in Greek and Roman mythology, harpies were frightful monsters that
were half woman and half bird.
(A) described
(B) to describe
(C) description
(D) describing
14. Pembahasan Jawaban: As described in Greek and Roman mythology (sebagaimana
digambarkan dalam mitos Roman dan Yunani)
15. 13. Not only ____ generate energy, but it also produces fuel for other fission reactors.
16. (A) a nuclear breeder reactor
17. (B) it is a nuclear breeder reactor
18. (C) does a nuclear breeder reactor
19. (D) is a nuclear breeder reactor
Pembahasan Jawaban: Parallel structure in paired conjunction (not only ... but
also) : Not only (clause) + but also (clause)
Kita lihat di bagian but also sudah terdapat clause, maka kita perlu clause untuk
bagian not only. Di clause bagian not only sudah terdapat verb (generate) makanya
kita perlu subject. Otomatis jawabn B dan C salah karena terdapat verb lagi. Pilihan
yang tepat ialah pilihan C. Kita menggunakan does karena kalimat ini berbentuk
inversion in (pembalikan: V + Subject). Perhatikan bentuk inversiaon pada kalimat
pertanyaan (question).
20.
21. 14. D.W. Griffith pioneered many of the stylistic features and filmmaking
techniques ____ as the Hollywood standard.
22. (A) that established
23. (B) that became established
24. (C) what established
25. (D) what became established
26. Pembahasan Jawaban:
Adjective clause: yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan benda ialah "that" bukan
what. Pilihan A salah karena that langsung ketemu established (kehilangan helping
verb). Pilihan A benar jika berbentuk "that was established".
27. 15. _____ be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed.
(A) Hydroelectric power should
(B) When hydroelectric power
(C) Hydroelectric power
(D) Should hydroelectric power
Inversion in conditional sentence. Kalimat aslinya ialah "If hydroelectric power
should be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed".
1. _______ range in color from pale yellow to
bright orange.
(A) Canaries which
(B) Canaries
(C) That canaries
(D) Canaries that are
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas butuh subject. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya B yang
memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb: Canaries (subject) +
range (verb)
2. _______ of precious gems is determined by their hardness, color, and brilliance.

(A) The valuable
(B) It is the value
(C) It is valuable
(D) The value
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kata kerja (is determined) sudah ada. Jadi kita hanya mencari
subject kalimat. Hanya pilihan jawaban D yang bisa menjadi subject.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb
3. _______ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere,

it spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.
(A) However
(B) Because of
(C) Although
(D) That
Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat dua klausa (S + V): a tornado spins & it spins. Jadi kita
butuh connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya C
yang memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: 2 clause butuh 1 connector. 3 clause butuh dua
connector.
4. The Caldecott Medal, _______ for the best children's picture book, is awarded each
January.
(A) a prize
(B) which prize
(C) is a prize which
(D) is a prize
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Cara 1: Kalimat di atas terdapat subject (The Caldecott Medal) dan verb (is awarded), ini
berarti kalimat sudah lengkap. Kita sudah tidak butuh lagi kata kerja. Otomatis pilihan
pilihan C dan D sudah tereliminasi. Pilihan B juga ikut tereliminasi. Kalimat di atas cuma
terdiri dari 1 clause jadi tidak butuh connector (which). Jadi pilihan jawaban benar ialah
A.
Cara 2: Materi Appositive. Appositive ialah noun yang menjelaskan noun lainnya (dalam
TOEFL umumnya subject). Jadi kita cuma butuh noun untuk menjelaskan subject (The
Caldecott Medal). Dan yang terdapat noun ialah pilihan jawaban A.
5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a cone of tight bundles of keratin _______ from
the epidermis.
(A) grow
(B) grows
(C) growing
(D) they grow
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat Subject (the horn) dan Verb (consists).
Jadi kita tidak butuh lagi verb lainnya. Otomatis pilihan jawaban A dan B salah. Pilihan
jawaban D juga salah karena membuat clause lain. Ingat 2 clause harus terdapat 1
connector. Jadi tersisalah pilihan jawaban C.
6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds, _______ of them are cultivated.

(A) some
(B) but some
(C) for some species
(D) some species
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di kalimat atas, terdapat 2 verb (are) dan (are cultivated). Jadi
terdapat dua clause. Ingat 2 clause harus terdapat 1 connector. Hanya pilihan jawaban B
yang berisi connector (but).
7. Thunder occurs as _______ through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide
with layers of cooler air.
(A) an electrical charge
(B) passes an electrical charge
(C) the passing of an electrical charge
(D) an electrical charge passes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause (Thunder occurs) dan 1
connector (as). Jadi bisa ditebak kalimat di atas mesti terdapat dua clause. Dari pilihan
jawaban hanya D yang berbentuk clause. Ingat clause terdiri dari Subject dan Verb.
8. Researchers have long debated _______ Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon
oceans and lakes.
(A) over it
(B) whether it
(C) whether
(D) whether over
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat 2 clause. Clause 1 (Researchers have
long debated); clause 2 (Saturn's moon Titan contains). Jadi kita tinggal butuh 1
connector. Hanya pilihan jawaban C yang terdapat memenuhis syarat.
9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey clouds _______ forebode rain.

(A) what
(B) which
(C) what they
(D) which they
Pembahasan Jawaban: kalimat di atas terdapat subject (Nimbostratus clouds) dan verb
(are). JJuga terdapat verb (forebode) jadi terdapat dua clause. Dua clause butuh 1
connector. Jawaban yang benar ialah B. Which berfungsi sebagai connector sekaligus
sebagai subject dari verb (forebode). Materi ini masuk dalam materi "Adjective Clause".
10. _______ in several early civilizations, a cubit was based on the length of the forearm
from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow.
(A) It was used as a measurement
(B) A measurement was used
(C) The use of a measurement
(D) Used as a measurement
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Used as a measurement in several early civilizations (digunakan sebagai sebuah ukuran
di wal-awal peradaban silam), a cubit <img
11. Only when air and water seep through its outer coat _______
(A) does a seed germinate
(B) to the germination of a seed
(C) a seed germinates
(D) for a seed to germinate
Pembahasan Jawaban: terdapat negative expression (only) di awal kalimat. Dalam
TOEFL ini mendandakan adanya inversion (pembalikan S + V --> V + S): Bentuk inversion
umum dipakai dalam bentuk question. Hanya pilihan jawaban A memenuhi syarat.
12. _______ seasonal rainfall, especially in regions near the tropics, is winds that blow in
an opposite direction in winter than in summer.
(A) Causing
(B) That cause
(C) To cause
(D) What causes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan ialah subject untuk verb (is). Dari pilihan
jawaban yang memnuhi syarat secara structure dan meaning ialah pilihan jawaban D.
Materi ini masuk dalam katergori Noun Clause di mana noun clause bertindak sebagai
subject kalimat. Pilhan jawaban A, B, dan C semuanya bisa digunakan sebagai subject
hanya saja tidak sesuai dg kontek kalimat di atas. SAngat mudah dengan menggunakan
pendekatan makna translation).
13. The extinct Martian volcano Olympus Mons is approximately three times
as _______ Mount Everest.
(A) high
(B) high as is
(C) higher than
(D) the highest of
Pembahasan Jawaban: as + adjective + as. Pilihan jawaban B yang terdapat as.
14. The flight instructor, _______ at the air base, said that orders not to fight had been
given.
(A) when interviewed
(B) when he interviewed
(C) when his interview
(D) when interviewing
: Pilihan benar ialah A. when interviewed (ketika diwawancara).
15. In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho _______ and churning rivers.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(B) found majestic mountains
(C) are found majestic mountains
(D) finding majestic mountains
Pembahasan Jawaban: terdapat place expression 9In the northern and central parts of
the state of Idaho) di awal kalimat. Dalam TOEFL ini menandakan adanya inversion
(pembalikan S + V --> V + S): Hanya pilihan jawaban C memenuhi syarat. </img
1. Over the centuries, ____ that try to explain the origins of the university.
(A) although many theories
(B) many theories
(C) have many theories been
(D) there have been many theories
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1: 'that try to explain the origins of the university' merupakan adjective clause.
Adjective clause menjelaskan noun yang letaknya sebelum adjective clause itu sendiri. Jadi
sebelum adjective clause di atas mesti ada noun yang dijelaskan. Pilihan C sudah jelas salah
karena bukan noun yang sebelum adjective clause tapi 'been'.
Langkah 2: Kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause 'that try to explain the origins of the university'
yang terdapat connector 'that' yang juga berfungsi sebagai subject dari verb 'try'. Adanya 1
connector menandakan dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat dua clause. Olehnya yang kita
butuhkan dari pilihan jawaban ialah 1 clause. Clause ialah kumpulan kata yang didalamnya
terdapat subject dan verb. Pilihan A dan B bukanlah clause. Jadi pilihan yang tepat ialah
pilihan D.
2. The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a similar
interior, including a nickel-iron core.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than
Pembahasan Jawaban: the same + as
3. George Washington Carver ____ international fame for revolutionizing agriculture

research
in the southern United States during the early twentieth century.
(A) won
(B) winning
(C) who has won
(D) the winner of
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb.
4. Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______ in Paleolithic time was
done in order to extend natural caves.
(A) tunnels were built
(B) which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels
(D) tunnels whose building
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas buuth subject. Verb dari kalimat di atas ialah 'was
done'.
5. The tulip tree is native to the eastern United States, _____ the tallest and largest
broadleaf
tree.
(A) where
(B) where it is
(C) it is where
(D) is where
Pembahasan Jawaban: 'where it is the tallest and largest broadleaf tree' merupakan
adjective clause yang menjelaskan noun sebelumnya 'the eastern United States'.
6. Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education ______ arithmetic,
science, social science, and communication skills that including reading, writing, spelling, and
speaking.
(A) such subjects as basic in
(B) as basic subjects in such
(C) in such basic subjects as
(D) as in such basic subjects
Pembahasan Jawaban: pasangan kata yang benar ialah such as bukan as such. Jadi pilihan B
dan D sudah jelas salah. Ingat pola noun phrase (adjective + noun). Kita lihat dipilihan
jawaban ada kata basic (adjective) dan subjects (noun). Antara A dan C hanya C yang
memnuhi syarat pola noun phrase (adj. + noun).
7. ______ land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin from
Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1865.
(A) By the government granting of
(B) Government grants of
(C) For the government to grant
(D) Government grants so that
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan dari kalimat di atas ialah subject. Verb nya ialah
'enabled'.
8. Appointments to the United States Supreme Court and all lower federal courts ____ by
the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(A) making
(B) to make
(C) are made
(D) have made
Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat 'by' jawabannya mesti passive 'are made'.
9. The name “squirrel” is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live in
trees, _____ it is equally accurate for ground dwelling types.
(A) whether
(B) that
(C) although
(D) in spite of
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada dua clause. Clause 1 = 'The name “squirrel” is commonly used';
Clause 2 = 'it is equally accurate'. Untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di atas kita butuh
connector. Connector yang tepat ialah 'although' (pilihan C)
10. Green plants combine _____ with water and carbon dioxide to make food.
(A) energy derived from light
(B) energy, derived it from light
(C) energy is derived from light
(D) from light, and energy derived
Pembahasan Jawaban: kalimat di atas sudah terdapat subject dan verb jadi kita tinggal
butuh object. Pilihan C sudah salah karen terdapat clause tanpa connector (tidak bisa jadi
object). Pilihan D salah karena terdapat 'from' --> combine + noun tanpa 'from'. Pilihan B
salah karen 'derived' menjelaskan 'energy' jadi tidak lagi butuh it.
Materi ini masuk dalam topik Adjective Clause (Reduction) atau juga Past Participle
11. From the archeologist’s perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and
requires ______ of earlier cultures.
(A) the ruins examined
(B) examining the ruins
(C) of the ruins to be examined
(D) that the examined ruins
12. The Texas Legislature selected Vassar Miller _____ in 1982, and again in 1988.
(A) was the state’s poet laureate
(B) as the state’s poet laureate
(C) the state’s poet laureate
(D) become the state’s poet laureate
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap Subject dan Verb. Jadi kita tidak lagi butuh verb
lainnya. Pilihan A dan D olehnya sudah jelas salah.
Langkah 2: Ketika kita menggunakan kata 'selected' tidak lagi perlu menggunakan kata 'as'
tapi langsung saja noun setelahnya.
Contoh lain: I selected you the president of the meeting club. Kata kerja yang lain masuk
dalam kategori kata kerja semacam ini ialah: consider, find, believe, think, prove call, name,
elect, appoint, nominate, make, paint, suppose, turn (mengubah), dan build.
13. The distinguishing feature of a fluid, in contrast to a solid, is the ease _____ .
(A) that a deformed fluid
(B) to deform a fluid
(C) when a fluid that is deformed
(D) with which a fluid may be deformed
14. Oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s tissues ____ from the blood through the capillary
wall.
(A) pass
(B) by passing
(C) to be passing
(D) have passed
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap subject dan verb jadi tidak butuh lagi
verb. Pilihan A dan D sudah jelas salah. Pilihan C tidak sesuai dengan konteks kalimat.
15. _____ important development of the Neolithic age was not in the manufacture of stone
tools but in the production of food.
(A) The most
(B) Most
(C) Most of
(D) Of the most
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada beberapa aturan dalam menggunakan most / most of
1. Most of digunakan sebelum plural noun yang mempunyai determiner atau pronoun di
depannya.
Contoh: Most of the students live with host families.
Most of students live with host families. (Salah karena tanpa determiner)
2. Most digunakan sebelum plural noun yang tidak mempunyai determiner atau pronoun di
depannya
Contoh: Most students live with host families.
Most of students live with host families.
Before a plural noun that does not have a determiner or pronoun in front of it, don't say
'most of', just say most :
Dari penjelasan di atas sudah jelas bahwa pilihan B dan C tidak sesuai pada kalimat.
Pilihan D salah karena jika menggunakan bentuk of the most itu bearti akan ada beberapa
benda / hal yang di-list dan biasanya ditandai dengan koma. Di atas tidak ada tanda-tanda
adanya yang di-list.
Contoh; Of the seven students, Anto is the best one at speaking English.
1. In simple animals, .......... reflex movement or involuntary response to stimuli.
(A) behavior mostly
(B) most is behavior
(C) most behavior is
(D) the most behavior
Pembahasan Jawaban: (C) Most digunakan sebelum noncount noun untuk mengekspresikan
suatu kuantitas yang lebih besar dari sentengah. Singular verb berpasagan dengan noncount
noun (sebagai subject). Pilihan A tidak mempunyai verb. Pilihan B, verb terletak sebelum
bukan sesudah noun. Pilihan D, the digunakan sebelum most.
2. Although the whether in Martha's Vineyard isn't .......... to have a year-around tourist
season, it has become a favorite summer resort.
(A) goodly enough
(B) good enough
(C) good as enough
(D) enough good
Pembahasan Jawaban: (B) Sebuah adjective digunakan sebelum enough yang bermakna
cukup. Pada pilhan (A), kata goodly tidak sesuai dengan aturan grammar. Bentuk adverb dari
good ialah well bukan goodly. Pilihan C salah karena as tidak dibutuhkan dan salah. Pilihan
D, adjective digunakan setelah bukan sebelum enough.
3. According to the wave theory, .......... population of the Americas may have been the
result of a number of separate migrations.
(A) the
(B) their
(C) that
(D) whose
Pembahasan Jawaban: the dapat digunakan sebelum noncount yang diikuti sebuah
qualifying phrase. Population seharunya the population sebelum qualifying phrase 'of the
Americas'.
4. It is presumed that governing the sharing of food influenced .......... that the earliest
cultures evolved.
(A) that the way
(B) is the way
(C) the way
(D) which way
Pembahasan Jawaban: Adjective clause menjelaskan noun dalam main clause. that the
earliest cultures evolved menjelaskan the way.
5. Calculus, .......... elegant and economical symbolic system, can reduce complex problems
to simple terms.
(A) it is an
(B) that an
(C) an
(D) is an
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan Verb sudah ada. Dari posisi phrase 'elegant and
economical symbolic system' bisa kita deteksi bahwa phrase ini merupakan appositive atau
penjelasan tambahan bagi subject 'calculus'.
6. Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country,
and .......... .
(A) Mexico does neither
(B) Mexico doesn't either
(C) neither Mexico does
(D) either does Mexico
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada dua bentuk untuk menyatakan negatif dalam bentuk soal seperti
ini:
1. Mexico doesn't either.
2. Neither does Mexico.
7. The poet .......... just beginning to be recognized as an important influence at the time of
his death.
(A) being Walt Whitman
(B) who was Walt Whitman
(C) Walt Whitman
(D) Walt Whitman was
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb.
8. ........... the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation
of an interstellar cloud.
(A) It accepted that
(B) Accepted that
(C) It is accepted that
(D) That is accepted
Pembahasan Jawaban: its is accepted that (diakui bahwa) .....
Cara lain: kita lihat bahwa kalimat di soal sudah terdapat 1 clause lengkap 'the formation of
the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar cloud'
jadi kita butuhkan ialah clause lain beserta connectornya. Ingat dua clause butuh 1
connector. 3 clause butuh 2 connector.
9. As a general rule, the standard of living .......... by the average output of each person in
society.
(A) is fixed
(B) fixed
(C) has fixed
(D) fixes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb. Kita pakai passive voice --> ditandai
adanya kata 'by'.
10. The Consumer Price Index lists .......... .

(A) how much costs every car
(B) how much does every car cost
(C) how much every car costs
(D) how much are every car cost
Pembahasan Jawaban: Pilihan A dan D hanya digunakan dalam bentuk question. Pilihan D
sangat jelas salahnya karena 'are' untuk plural sedangkan 'every' menandakan singular.
Pilihan D salah karena seharusnya S + Verb bukan sebaliknya.
11. The Ford Theater where Lincoln was shot .......... .

(A) must restore
(B) must be restoring
(C) must have been restored
(D) must restored
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan adalah kata kerja dari subject 'The Ford Theater'.
'where Lincoln was shot' merupakan adjective clause yang menjelaskan subject 'The Ford
Theater'.
12. Fast-food restaurants have become popular because many working people want .......... .
(A) to eat quickly and cheaply
(B) eating quickly and cheaply
(C) eat quickly and cheaply
(D) the eat quickly and cheaply
Pembahasan Jawaban: want + to infinitive
13. After seeing the movie Centennial, .......... .

(A) the book was red by many people
(B) the book made many people want to read it
(C) many people wanted to read the book
(D) the reading of the book interested many people
Pembahasan Jawaban: After seeing the movie Centennial (Setelah menyaksikan film
Centennial), Banyak orang .... (many people wanted to read the book)
Cara lain: Materi ini masuk dalam reduction in adjective clause (ke dua-dua clause mesti
mempunyai subject yang sama baru dibenarkan untuk melakukan reduction (pengurangan /
penghilangan).
14. .........., Carl Sandburg is also well-known for his multivolume biography of Lincoln.
(A) An eminent American poet
(B) He is an eminent American poet
(C) An eminent American poet who is
(D) Despite an eminent American poet
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan Verb kalimat di atas sudah lengkap jadi kita hanya butuh
penjelas dari subject 'Carl Sandburg' (appositive).
15. The examiner made us .......... our identification in order to be admitted to the test
center.
(A) showing
(B) show
(C) showed
(D) to show
Pembahasan Jawaban: made + verb 1 murni
Materi ini masuk dalam "Causative Verb" --> Causative verb + V 1 murni
Causative verb: make, have, help
2. 1. _____ Jane has an excellent resume, she hasn't found a job yet.
(A) However
(B) Yet
(C) That
(D) Although
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Terdapat dua cluse: clause 1 (Jane has an excellent resume), clause 2 (she hasn't
found a job yet). Karena ada dua clause maka kita butuh 1 connector untuk
menghubungkan ke dua clause tersebut. Dari pilihan jawaban yang ada, hanya pilihan
B dan D yang merupakan connector. Pilihan B salah karena kata yet ketika menjadi
connector berada di tengah clause atau di antara ke dua clause bukan di awal kalimat;
yet masuk dalam coordinate connector. Pilihan paling tepat ialah D. Although masuk
dalam kategori subordinate connector yang letaknya bisa di antara ke dua clause bisa
juga depan kalimat.
2. _____ several universities that have excellent engineering schools.

(A) There are
(B) The
(C) There is a lot of
(D) Some of
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause ditandai adanya connector 'that'. Clause 1 '——
several universities' kehilangan kata kerja. Clause 2 'that have excellent engineering
schools' sudah lengkap. Subjectnya ialah that yang juga berfungsi sebagai connector.
Olehnya, kita butuh untuk melengkapi clause pertama yg kehilangan verb. Dari
pilihan jawaban yg ada, hanya pilihan A dan C yg berisi verb. Pilihan paling tepat
ialah pilihan A.
3. Many Middle Eastern diplomats still feel that the United States is intent _____ the
ultimate police in the region.
(A) to being
(B) being
(C) be
(D) on being
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Pasangan Phrase: intent + on
4. Woodrow Wilson believed the United States' entry into World War I would put
a _____ to the war in months.
(A) to stop
(B) stop
(C) stopping
(D) will had stopped
Pembahasan Jawaban: article 'a' + noun
Dari pilihan jawaban hanya B yang merupakan kata benda (noun).
5. _____ of New York's Erie Canal greatly enhanced trade in the upstate region.
(A) The complete
(B) Completing
(C) A completing
(D) The completion
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan ialah subject untuk melengkapi kalimat di
atas.
6. A leech, after _____ the skin, is best removed by the application of either salt or

heat.
(A) it attaches itself to
(B) attaching it
(C) its attaching to
(D) where it attaches to
Pembahasan Jawaban: kata after menandakan adanya clause lain selain clause
utama 'A leech is best removed by the application of either salt or heat'
7. _____ east of the Mississippi River.

(A) Indigo was grown usually
(B) Usually grown was Indigo
(C) Indigo usually grown
(D) Indigo was usually grown
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kata adverb (usually) umumnya terletak setelah helping verb
BE (was).
8. _____ wrote the operetta Babes in Toyland, drawn from the childhood characters of
Mother Goose.
(A) That was Victor Herbert who
(B) Victor Herbert who
(C) Since it was Victor Herbert
(D) It was Victor Herbert who
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan kalimat di atas ialah subject kalimat.
9. Some of the oldest and most widespread creation myths are _____ involving the
all-giving "Earth Mother."
(A) those
(B) them
(C) they
(D) their
Pembahasan Jawaban: those mengarah ke subject kalimat yang plural (myths).
10. In _____ , disk technology has made record albums almost obsolete.
(A) the decade from
(B) the decade since
(C) the past decade
(D) decade ago the
Pembahasan Jawaban: Hal ini seharusnya sangat mudah, karena sangat umum
digunakan.
Jika tidak biasa didapatkan gunakan rumus Noun Phrase (Adjective + Noun)
11. In the first few months of life, an infant learns how to lift its head, smile, and
_____ .
(A) parents to recognize
(B) recognize its parents
(C) recognizing its parents
(D) the recognizing of its parents
Pembahasan Jawaban: Parallel Structure: lift (infinitive), smile (infinitive), and
recognize (infinitive)
12. Juana Inez de la Cruz _____ Mexico's greatest female poet.

(A) considered
(B) considered to be
(C) is considered to be
(D) is consideration
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan ialah verb untuk mengisi kalimat. Pilihan
yang berisi verb lengkap sesuai makna kalimat ialah pilihan C.
13. Because the metal mercury _____ in direct proportion to temperature, it was once
used as the indicator in common thermometers.
(A) is expanding
(B) expands
(C) is expanded
(D) expanded
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kita lihat terdapat 1 connector 'because' yang menandakan
adanya dua clause. Clause 2 'it was once used as the indicator in common
thermometers' sudah lengkap. YYang kita butuhkan ialah verb untuk melengkapi
clause 1. Subject dari clause 1 ialah 'the metal mercury'. Dari segi makna ada dua
piihan jawaban yang memungkinkan ialah pilihan B dan D. Pilihan paling tepat ialah
pilihan B karena konteks dari clause 1 mengarah ke waktu sekarang (present tense).
14. _____ what is now San Salvador, Christopher Columbus believed that he had

found Japan.
(A) He reached
(B) When did he reach
(C) Having reached
(D) Whether he reached
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Yang terlihat di kalimat, terdapat 3 clause dan dua connector (what & that). Clause 1
(what is now San Salvador), clause 2 (Christopher Columbus believed), clause 3 (he
had found Japan).
Ingat prinsip kalimat bahasa Inggris: jika ada dua clause maka butuh 1 connector, 3
clause butuh 2 connector, dan 4 clause butuh 3 connector.
Pilihan A salah karena terdapat 1 clause baru tanpa connector. Jika dimasukkan dalam
kalimat maka akan terdapat 4 clause hanya dengan dua connector.
Pilihan B salah karena menggunakan helping verb 'did'. Did ketika bersama WH
Question (when) hanya digunakan dalam interrogative sentence.
Pilihan D salah karena whether bukanlah subordinate conjunction. Subordinate
conjunction ialah conjunction atau connector yang bisa terletak di awal dan di
pertengahan kalimat.
15. The principal purpose of aviation medicine is _____ by people aboard an air¬craft
in flight.
(A) to study the stress experienced
(B) study the experienced stress
(C) to study stress experiencing
(D) study the stress experience
is to study (is + to infinitive) adalah bentuk umum / sudah sangat umum digunakan
dalam kalimat.
to study the stress experienced (untuk memplejari tekanan yang dialami)

Contoh Soal TOEFL

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Contoh Soal TOEFL

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Contoh Soal TOEFL

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Contoh Soal TOEFL (Structure) dan Pembahasannya

1. He ..bacon and eggs every morning.

A. is used to eat C. has been used to eating

B. hadused to eat D. use to eating

B. to practice D. the practice

3. You…. your seatstodau if you want to go to the game.

A. had better to reserve C. had to better reserve

B. had better reserve D. had to reserve better

4. Your sister used to visit you quite often

A. didn’t she C. wouldn’t she

B. doesn’t she D. hadn’t she

5. Mr. Reagan was… the long chain of unfortunate events

A. the first to break C. firstly broken

B. the first breaking D. breaking the first

6. There is often disagreement as to … is the better students, Bob or Helen

B. girls we D. us girls

8. Please go to … to pick up your ID card.

A. third window C. window third

B. the window three D. the third window

9. It’s a shame that you have….time in New York on the tour

10. She hasn’t seen her family….three years ago

11. this coffee tastes a little…to me.

B. Strong D. too strong

A. such snowy C. such a snowy

B. so snowy D. such snowy

13. I like these dises, but…is a little too small

A. the tea cup C.thetea’s cup

B. cup of tea D. thecup for the tea

A. I will finish C. i finish

B. I do finish D.I finished

15. Although she is very popular, she is not…her sister.

A. more pretty than C. pretty as

B. as pretty like D. prettier than

JAWABAN DAN PEMBAHASANNYA

2. Dedi : "Arya, how do you inspec in our new criminals?"

3. Every student.... wear uniform in flag ceremony.

5. .... Airlangga University has a well-respected medical school.

JAWABAN SOAL : Tes Toefl : Structure And Written Expression

Sesi Structure and Written Expression mempunyai dua tipe, PART A - Stucture dan Part B

Apa yang diujikan?

Skill apa yang harus Anda persiapkan?

C. advanced forward rapidly

D. advanced in a rapidly manner

In the united states, there are much holidays throughout the year.

Contoh Soal II:

Strategi Menjawab Soal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

Ingatlah untuk menerapkan aturan-aturan grammar yang benar

Eliminasi jawaban yang jelas salah (Part A) atau benar (Part B)

Look at the following examples:

B. where there hardly was

D. there was hardly

Now begin work on the questions.

1. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.

B. the sides are

3. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.

C. The fastest dog

D. The fastest dog, the

A. when does the Earth’s atmosphere trap

B. does the Earth’s atmosphere trap

C. when the Earth’s atmosphere traps