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    Confidential: Final Examination Semester 1 SESSION 2013/2014

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    Sebastian
    The document is the final examination for the course Instrumentation and Electrical Measurement. It contains 5 questions testing students' knowledge of instrumentation concepts and electrical measurement techniques. Some of the key topics covered include PMMC instruments, Wheatstone bridges, oscilloscopes, DACs, transducers, strain gauges, electrical noise, and units of measurement. The examination is confidential, consists of 9 pages, and students have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete 4 out of the 5 questions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Confidential: Final Examination Semester 1 SESSION 2013/2014

    Uploaded by

    Sebastian
    20 views9 pages
    The document is the final examination for the course Instrumentation and Electrical Measurement. It contains 5 questions testing students' knowledge of instrumentation concepts and electrical measurement techniques. Some of the key topics covered include PMMC instruments, Wheatstone bridges, oscilloscopes, DACs, transducers, strain gauges, electrical noise, and units of measurement. The examination is confidential, consists of 9 pages, and students have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete 4 out of the 5 questions.

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    The document is the final examination for the course Instrumentation and Electrical Measurement. It contains 5 questions testing students' knowledge of instrumentation concepts and electrical measurement techniques. Some of the key topics covered include PMMC instruments, Wheatstone bridges, oscilloscopes, DACs, transducers, strain gauges, electrical noise, and units of measurement. The examination is confidential, consists of 9 pages, and students have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete 4 out of the 5 questions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views9 pages

    Confidential: Final Examination Semester 1 SESSION 2013/2014

    Uploaded by

    Sebastian
    The document is the final examination for the course Instrumentation and Electrical Measurement. It contains 5 questions testing students' knowledge of instrumentation concepts and electrical measurement techniques. Some of the key topics covered include PMMC instruments, Wheatstone bridges, oscilloscopes, DACs, transducers, strain gauges, electrical noise, and units of measurement. The examination is confidential, consists of 9 pages, and students have 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete 4 out of the 5 questions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    CONFIDENTIAL

    FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER 1


    SESSION 2013/2014

    COURSE CODE : SKEE 2133

    COURSE NAME : INSTRUMENTATION AND ELECTRICAL


    MEASUREMENT

    LECTURERS : ASSOC.PROF.DR SALLEHUDDIN IBRAHIM


    DR ANITA AHMAD
    DR MOHD HAFIS IZRAN ISHAK
    DR MUHAMAD AMRI MD YUNUS
    DR LEOW PEI LING

    PROGRAMME : SKEE,SKEL,SKEI,SKEM,SKET

    SECTION : 01,02,03,04,05

    TIME : 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES

    DATE :

    INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATE :

    ANSWER FOUR QUESTIONS ONLY

    THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET CONSISTS OF 9 PAGES INCLUDING THE FRONT COVER.


    2
    SKEE 2133

    QUESTION 1

    a) PMMC is widely used in electrical instruments.

    i. Identify three suitable applications for D’Arsonval or permanent magnet


    moving coil (PMMC) movement.
    (3 marks)

    ii. List three advantages and one disadvantage of PMMC.


    (4 marks)

    b) An ohmmeter with zero adjustment as shown in Figure Q1(b) has Eb = 2.0 V,


    R1= 15kΩ, Rm = 100 Ω, R2 = 50 Ω and meter is at Full Scale Deflection (FSD),
    Im = 50µA.

    i. Calculate the scale reading of the meter at half (0.5) FSD.


    (3marks)

    ii. The new resistance value which R2 should be adjusted when Eb


    experience fall to 1.8V.
    (3 marks)

    IB Im
    Rx
    A B
    R1 I2
    Rm
    Vm
    Eb
    R2 PMMC

    Figure Q1(b)
    3
    SKEE 2133

    c) A voltmeter is to be built using a galvanometer which values for Rm and Ifsd


    are given as 5 kΩ and 100 µA respectively. The voltmeter must conform to the
    requirement of 5 changeable voltage ranges i.e. 5 V, 20 V, 50 V, 100 V and
    200 V. Figure Q1(c) shows the voltmeter circuit.

    i. Calculate the sensitivity of the voltmeter.


    (2 marks)

    ii. Calculate the resistance values for resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5.
    (10 marks)

    R2 R1

    G _

    5V
    20V
    R3

    +
    50V

    R4
    100V
    200V

    R5

    Figure Q1(c)
    4
    SKEE 2133

    QUESTION 2

    a) A strain gauge is used to measure the deformation of the pillar of a bridge.


    Figure Q2(a) shows the circuit connection of the strain gauge used for
    measuring the deformation of the pillar.

    Ra Strain Gauge

    + + -
    Vin = 6 V m Meter n
    -

    Rb Rc

    Figure Q2(a): Wheatstone Bridge

    i. At night, no cars are on the bridge, therefore there is no reading shown


    on the meter. Calculate the value of the strain gauge if Ra = Rc = 250 Ω
    and Rb= 500 Ω.
    (2 marks)
    ii. During the day, there are cars on the bridge which causes deformation
    of the pillar. The value of the strain gauge reduces 0.5 Ω from the
    original value. What is the voltage reading of the meter?
    (5 marks)

    b) The cathode ray oscilloscope generally referred to as the oscilloscope or


    simply ‘scope’ is probably the most versatile electrical measuring instrument
    available. Sketch and explain the construction parts of a cathode ray tube used
    in oscilloscope.
    (8 marks)
    5
    SKEE 2133

    c) Maxwell Bridge and Hay Bridge are used for measuring unknown inductive
    impedance.
    i. What is the difference between the circuit design of the Maxwell Bridge
    and Hay Bridge?
    (2 marks)

    ii. Figure Q2(c) shows a balanced Maxwell Bridge where R1 = 160 Ω, R3 =


    250Ω, C2 = 1 µF, R2 = 200 Ω, and Vs = 12 sin(10000t). Find the value of
    the components in Zx and the Q value.
    (8 marks)

    R2
    R1
    C2

    Vs a Detector b

    Rx
    Lx R3

    Figure Q2(c): Maxwell Bridge


    6
    SKEE 2133

    QUESTION 3

    a) Draw the diagram of a Current-to-Voltage Converter.

    (7 marks)

    b) Describe the operation of the Current-to-Voltage Converter which you draw in


    Q3(a).

    (8 marks)

    c) An 8-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) has a reference voltage VR= 5V.


    What is the output voltage when the binary input is 101101002?
    (4 marks)

    d) Find also the least significant bit voltage,VLSB, from question Q3(c).

    (2 marks)

    e) Given a 3-bit DAC with a 1V full-scale voltage and accuracy ± 0.2%, find its
    resolution.

    (2 marks)

    f) Find the accuracy of the DAC in question Q3(e).

    (2 marks)
    7
    SKEE 2133

    QUESTION 4

    a) Explain the basic concept of radio transmission.


    (4 marks)

    b) Explain the difference between noise and disturbance.


    (2 marks)

    c) Explain briefly the following electrical noises occur in a measurement system

    i. White noise
    (3 marks)

    ii. Avalanche noise


    (3 marks)

    d) Define active and passive transducers with examples.

    (6 marks)

    e) A resistant strain gauge with a gauge factor of 4 is fastened to a steel member,


    which is subjected to a strain of 2 x 10-6. If the original resistance value of the
    gauge is 200 Ω, calculate the change in resistance.

    (4 marks)

    f) A strain gauge with a resistance of 350 Ω undergoes a change of 0.25 Ω


    during a test. The strain is 2.5 x 10-4. What is the gauge factor?

    (3 marks)
    8
    SKEE 2133

    QUESTION 5

    a) What is the definition of measurement?


    (2 marks)

    b) Please state the difference in terms of physical quantities between CGS


    (centimeter-gram-second) and MKS (meter- kilogram-second) unit system.
    (2 marks)

    c) Given that the dimension of electric charge and work based on the
    electrostatic CGS unit system are [Q]=[ε1/2 M1/2 L3/2T-1] and [W]=[ML2T-2]

    i. Calculate the dimension of current, [I] and potential difference, [E]

    (4 marks)

    ii. Then, find the dimension of inductance, [L] and resistance, [R]

    (4 marks)

    d) A voltage of 20 µV is amplified using resistor amplified so that the output is


    200 mV. The overlap signal at output voltage signal is noise voltage, 100 µV
    that is generated in the amplifier.

    i. What is the signal–to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output signal?

    (3 marks)

    ii. What is the conclusion for this amplification based on the SNR?
    (2 marks)

    e) Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) has a resistance of 25 Ω at 30 °C.


    When the temperature increases, the resistance of RTD will increase linearly
    and the relationship is expressed as follows:
    𝑅! = 𝑅!" (1 + 𝛼∆𝑇)
    where𝛼!" = 0.004/°C

    A simple circuit as shown in Figure Q5(e) is used to show the principle of


    RTD. Calculate the voltage output (Vo) at temperature 30 °C and 100 °C when
    the input voltage is 10V.
    9
    SKEE 2133

    RTD Vo

    -
    DC

    40 Ω 40 Ω

    Figure Q5(e)

    (8 marks)
     

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