Atoms& Molecules

Q.1.What is atomic mass of an element?

Ans:The atomic mass of an element is the relative mass of its atom as compared with the mass of a C-12
atom taken as 12 units.

Q.2.What is meant by saying that the atomic mass of oxygen is 16.

Ans:It indicates that one atom of oxygen is 16 times heavier than 1/12 of a carbon -12 atom.

Q.3.What is the difference between the molecules of an element & the molecules of a compound ?Give
example.

Ans:The molecules of an element is the molecule of two or more similar atoms chemically combined
together.

The molecule of a compound is the molecule of two or more different types of atoms chemically
combined together.

e.g-A molecule of hydrogen element contains 2 hydrogen atoms combined together(H2).

A molecule of hydrogen chloride contains two different atoms hydrogen(H) & chlorine atom(Cl).

Q4.What is an ion?How is an ion formed?

Ans:An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom or a group of atom.An ion is formed by giving or
taking electrons.

Q5.What is cation and anion?

Ans:The positively charged atom is called cation and negatively charged atom is called an anion.

Eg: Cation-Ca2+,Na+; Anion- Cl-, N3- etc.

Q.6 Write the molecular formula of the following compounds?

a. Copper(2)bromide

b. Aluminium (3)nitrate

c. Calcium (2)phosphate

d. Iron(3)sulphide

e. Mercury (2)chloride

f. Magnesium(2)acetate

Ans: a. CuBr2
Atoms& Molecules
b. Al(NO3)3

c. Ca3(PO4)2

d. Fe2S3

e. HgCl2

f. Mg(CH3COO)2

Q.7 Write the cations and anions present in the following compounds?

a.CH3COONa

b.NaCl

c.BaSO4

d.H2

e.NH4NO3

Ans: Cation Anion

a. Na+ CH3COO-
b. Na+ Cl-
c. Ba2+ SO42-
d. No ions(cation or anion)
e. NH4+ NO3-

Q.8 Give the formulae of the compounds formed from the following sets of elements?

a. Calcium and fluorine

b. Hydrogen and sulphur

c. Nitrogen and hydrogen

d. carbon and chlorine

e. Sodium and oxygen

f. Carbon and oxygen

Ans: a. CaF2

b. H2S
Atoms& Molecules
c. NH3

d. CCl4

e. Na2O

f. CO2, CO

Q.9 Give the chemical formulae for the following compounds and compute the ratio by mass of the
combining elements in each one of them

a. Ammonia

b. Carbon monoxide

c. Hydrogen chloride

d. Aluminium fluoride

e. Magnesium sulphide

Ans: a.NH3= N: H*3

14:1*3= 14:3

b. CO=C:O

12:16= 3:4

c. HCl=H:Cl

1:35.5= 2:71

d. AlF3=Al:F*3

27:19*3=9:19

e.MgS

Mg:S=24:32=3:4

Q.10 You are provided with a fine white coloured powder which is either sugar or salt.How would you
identify it without tasting?

Ans: On heating the powder , it will char if it is suger. On the other hand the powder may be dissolved in
water and if its conduct electricity then it is salt.
Atoms& Molecules
Q.11A sample of vitamin C is known to contain 2.58*1024 oxygen atoms.How many moles of oxygen
atoms are present in the sample?

Ans: One mole of oxygen atoms=6.023*1023 atoms

Therefore, no. of moles of oxygen atoms=2.58*1024/6.023*1023

=4.28 mol

4.28 moles of oxygen atoms

Q.12Mayank took 5 moles of carbon atoms in a container and Krish also took 5 moles of sodium atoms
in another container of same weight.

a. Whose container is heavier?

b. Whose container has more no. of atoms?

Ans: a. Mass of Sodium atoms carried by Krish=(5*23)g=115 g

And mass of carbon atom carried by Mayank=(5*12)g= 60 g

Thus, Krish’s container is heavy

b. Both the bags have same no. of atoms as they have same no. of moles of atom

Q.13 The visible universe is estimated to contain 1022 stars. How many moles of stars are present in the
visible universe?

Ans: Number of moles of stars= 1022/6.023*1023

=o.0166 moles

Q.14Which has more no. of atoms?

100 g of N2 or 100 g of NH3

Ans: 100 g of N2 =100/28 moles

No. of molecules= 100/28 *6.023*1023

No. of atoms= 2*100/28 *6.023*1023= 43.01*1023

Again 100 g of NH3=100/17 moles=100/17 *6.023*1023 molecules

=100/17 *6.023 *1023*4 atoms

= 141.69*1023
Atoms& Molecules
NH3 would have more atoms

Q.15Which of the following would weigh the highest?

a. 0.2 mole of sucrose(C12H22O11)

b. 2 moles of CO2

c. 2 moles of CaCO3

d. 10 moles of H2O

Ans: Weight of a sample in gram=number of moles*molar mass

a. 0.2 moles of C12H22O11 = 0.2*342= 68.4 g

Thus C has highest weight.

Q.16Write the molecular formulae of all the compounds formed by the combination of the following
ions.

Cu2+ , Na+ , Fe3+ , Cl-, SO42-, PO43-

Ans: CuCl2, CuSO4,Cu3(PO4)2

NaCl, Na2SO4, Na3PO4

FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 ,FePO4

NCERT SOLUTIONS
Q.1 In a reaction 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g
of carbon dioxide,0.9 g of water and 8.2 g of sodium ethanoate. Show that these observations are in
agreement with law of conservation of mass.

Sodium Carbonate + Ethanoic acid = Sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water

Ans: In the given reaction , sodium carbonate reacts with ethanoic acid to produce sodium ethanoate,
carbon dioxide and water.

Therefore,

Total mass of the reactants= (5.3 +6) g = 11.3 g

Therefore, total mass before the reaction= Total mass after the reaction

Hence the given observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.

Q.2 Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas
would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas?

Ans: It is given that the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen by mass to form water is 1:8

Then the mass of oxygen gas required to react completely with 1 g of hydrogen gas is 8 g.

Therefore, the mass of oxygen gas required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas is

= 3*8 = 24 g

Q.3 Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of mass?

Ans: The postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory which is a result of the law of conservation of mass is:

Atoms are indivisible particles, which can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical
reaction.

Q.4 Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory can explain the law of definite proportions?

Ans: The postulate ofDalton’s atomic theory which can explain the law of definite proportion is :

The relative number and kind of atoms in a given compound remains constant.

Q.5 Define atomic mass unit.

Ans: One atomic mass unit is equal to exactly one-twelfth ( 1/12th ) the mass of one atom of carbon-
12. It is written as u.

Q.6 Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked eyes?

Ans: The size of an atom is so small that it is not possible to see it with naked eyes and the atom of an
element does not exist independently.

Q.7 Write down the formulae of

1. Sodium oxide

2. Aluminium chloride

3. Sodium Sulphide
Atoms& Molecules
4.Magnesium hydroxide

Ans: 1. Na2O

2. AlCl3

3. Na2S

4. Mg(OH)2

Q. 8 Write down the names of compounds represented by the following formulae.

1.Al2(SO4)3

2. CaCl2

3. K2SO4

4.KNO3

5. CaCO3

Ans: 1. Aluminiumsulphate

2. Calcium Chloride

3. Potassium Sulphate

4. Potassium Nitrate

5. Calcium Carbonate

Q.9 What is meant by the term chemical formula?

Ans: The chemical formula of a compound means the symbolic representation of the composition of a
compound. Eg: Chemical formula of water is H2O.

Q. 10 How many atoms are present in a

1. H2S molecule and

2. PO43- ion

Ans: 1. 3 atoms , two hydrogen atoms and one sulphur atom.

2. 5 atoms, one phosphorous atom and four oxygen atoms.

Q.11 Calculate the molecular masses of H2, O2, Cl2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4, NH3, CH3OH
Atoms& Molecules
Ans: Molecular mass of-

H2= 2 * 1 = 2 u

O2 = 2*16 = 32 u

Cl2 = 2 * 35.5 = 71 u

CO2 = 12+ 16*2 = 44 u

CH4 = 12 + 4*1 = 16 u

C2H6 = 2*12 + 6 *1 = 30 u

C2H4 = 2*12 + 4*1 = 28 u

NH3 = 14 +1*3 = 17 u

CH3OH = 12 + 1*3 + 16 +1= 32 u

Q.12 Calculate the formula unit masses of ZnO, Na2O, K2CO3, given atomic masses of Zn = 65 u, Na = 23
u, K= 39 u, C= 12 u and O= 16 u.

Ans: Formula unit masses of –

ZnO= ( 65+16)u= 81 u

Na2O = (2*23 +16) = 62 u

K2CO3 = ( 2*39+ 12+3*16)= 138 u

Q.13 If one mole of carbon atom weighs 12 g , what is the mass (in gram) of one atom of carbon?

Ans: One mole of carbon atom weighs 12 g i.e mass of one mole of carbon atom = 12 g (given)

Then, mass of 6.022*1023 number of carbon atoms = 12 g

Therefore, mass of 1 atom of carbon= 12/6.022*1023 g

=1.99*10-23 g

Q.14 Which has more number of atoms , 100 grams of sodium or 100 grams of iron?

Ans:

23 g of Na contains = 6.022*1023 number of atoms

Thus, 100 g contains= 6.022*1023 * 100/23

Now, 56 g of Fe contains = 6.022*1023 number of atoms

Thus, 100 g of Fe contains = 6.022*1023 * 100/56 number of atoms

= 1.07 *1024 number of atoms

Therefore, 100 grams of sodium contains more number of atoms.

Q.15 A 0.24 g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.096 g of
boron and 0.144 g of oxygen . Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by weight.

Ans: Total mass of sample= 0.24 g

Therefore,

Percentage of boron by weight in the compound= 0.096/0.24 *100 %

= 40%

And percentage of oxygen by weight in the compound = 0.144/0.24 *100%

= 60%

Q.16 When 3.0 g of carbon is burnt in 8 g of oxygen, 11.00 g of carbon dioxide is produced. What mass
of carbon dioxide will be formed when 3.00 g of carbon is burnt in 50.00 g of oxygen? Which law of
chemical combinations will govern your answer?

Ans: If 3 g of carbon is burnt in 50 g of oxygen,then 3 g of carbon will react with 8 g of oxygen.

The remaining 42 g of oxygen will be left unreactive.

In this case also only 11 g of CO2 will be formed.

The above answer is governed by the law of constant proportion .

Q.17.What are polyatomic ions?Give examples?

Ans:A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms carrying a charge(positive or negative).

Q.18 Write the chemical formulae of the following.

(a) Magnesium chloride

(b) Calcium Oxide

(c) Copper nitrate

(e)Calcium carbonate

Ans: a. MgCl2

b. CaO

c. CuNO3, Cu(NO3)2

d.AlCl3

e.CaCO3

Q.19 Give the names of the elements present in the following compounds.

a. Quick lime

b.Hydrogen bromide

c. Baking powder

d. Potassium sulphate

Ans: a. Calcium (Ca) and oxygen(O)

b. Hydrogen(H) and bromine(Br)

c. Sodium(Na), hydrogen(H), carbon(C) and oxygen(O)

d. Potassium(K), sulphur(S) and oxygen(O).

Q.20Calculate the molar mass of the following substances.

Ans: a. Ethyne, C2H2

b. Sulphur molecule,S8

c. Phosphorus molecule, P4 (Atomic mass of phosphorus = 31)

d.Hydrochloricacid,HCl

e. Nitric acid, HNO3

Ans: Molecular mass of-

a. C2H2 = (2*12+2*1)g =26g

b. S8=( 8*32)g= 256 g

d.HCl = (1+35.5)g=36.5 g

e.HNO3=(1+14+3*16)g= 63g

Q.21.What is the mass of ?

a) 1 mole of nitrogen atom

b)4 moles aluminium atoms (atomic mass of aluminium =27)

c)10 moles of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3)

Ans: a)The mass of 1 mole nitrogen atom is 14 g

b)The mass of 4 moles of aluminium atoms is (4*27) g =108 g

c)The mass of 10 moles sodium sulphite is 10(2*23+32+3*16)g=1260 g

Q.22.Convert into mole

a)12 g of oxygen gas

b) 20 g of water

c) 22 g of carbon dioxide

Ans: a) 32 g of oxygen gas = 1 mole

Then,12 g of oxygen gas = 12/32 mole=0.375 mole

b)18 g of water = 1 mole

Then, 20 g of water = 20/18 mole =1.11 moles

c) 44 g of carbon dioxide = 1 mole

Then,22 g of carbon dioxide =22/44 moles= 0.5 mole

Q.23.What is the mass of

a) 0.2 mole of oxygen atoms?

b) 0.5 mole of water molecule ?

Ans: a)Massof one molecule of oxygen atoms= 16 g

Then,mass of 0.2 mole of oxygen atoms=0.2*16g=3.2 g

Then,mass of 0.5 mole of water molecules=0.5*18 g =9 g

Q.24.Caculate the no of molecules of sulphur (S8) present in 16 g of solid sulphur.

Ans: 1 mole of solid sulphur(S8)= 8*32 g =256 g

That is,256 g of solid sulphur contains =6.022 *1023 molecules

Then 16 g of solid sulphur contain=6.022 *1023 *16 /256 molecules

= 3.76 * 1022 molecules

Q.25.Caculate the no ofaluminium ion present in 0.051 g of aluminium oxide(Hint: The mass of an ion
is the same as that of an atom of the same element .Atomic mass of an Al =27 u).

Ans: 1 mole of aluminum oxide = 2*27 +3*16=102 g

That is 102g of Al2O3=6.022 *1023molecules of Al2O3.

Then 0.051 g of Al2O3=6.022 *1023*0.051 /102 molecules.

=3.011 *1020 molecules of Al2O3..

The no of aluminiumions(Al3+)present in one molecule of aluminium oxide is 2.

Therefore,the no of Al3+ ion present in 3.011 *1020 moleculesof Al2O3=2*3.011*1020=6.022 *1020.