TEST CODE 01225020

FORM TP 2014077 MAY/JUNE 2014

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY

Paper 02 – General Proficiency

2 hours 30 minutes

30 MAY 2014 (a.m.)

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of TEN questions in FOUR sections.

2. Section A consists of ONE compulsory question. Sections B, C and D consists

of THREE questions EACH.

3. Candidates MUST answer FOUR questions: Question 1 from Section A and

ONE question from EACH of Sections B, C and D.

4. Begin EACH answer on a new page.

5. Credit will be given for the use of relevant sketch maps and diagrams.

6. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer items.

7. You may use geometrical instruments.

8. Write all of your responses in the answer booklet provided unless otherwise
stated in the question. ALL inserts used MUST be fastened securely to your
answer booklet.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2011 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.

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SECTION A (Map Work)

You MUST answer this question.

1. A map extract of Speightstown, Barbados (scale 1:10,000) is provided as an insert. Use it to

answer the following questions.

(a) What is the length of the section of road under construction passing through Speightstown.
(2 marks)

(b) What is the compass direction from Haymann’s Factory (223820) to Rock Plantation
(235830)? (1 mark)

(c) If you drew a sketch map of this area at half the scale, what would be the scale?
(1 mark)

(d) (i) What man-made feature is found at 215823? (1 mark)

(ii) What is the feature at 224810? (1 mark)

(e) What is the gradient along Northing 81 from the 80 metre contour at 223810 to the coast
at Mullins Bay? Show your working. (3 marks)

(f) Figure 1, provided as an insert, is a grid for use in this question.

Complete the cross section to show the relief from the coast to Haymann’s Factory along
Northing 82. Label the area with scrub vegetation. (5 marks)

(g) (i) List FOUR features of the drainage in the area south of Northing 82. (4 marks)

(ii) List FOUR features of the relief west of Easting 24. (4 marks)

(h) Explain the distribution of trees and cultivated areas. (6 marks)

Total 28 marks

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SECTION B (Natural Systems)

Answer ONE question from this section.

2. (a) Draw a diagram to illustrate the following features at a convergent plate.

• Boundary
• Folds
• Volcano
• Subduction zone (4 marks)

(b) (i) Define the following terms:

• weathering
• mass wasting (4 marks)

(ii) Describe what happens when EITHER a landslide OR soil creep occurs.
(4 marks)

(c) Using the theory of plate tectonics, explain how the following occur.

(i) Volcanoes (6 marks)

(ii) Earthquakes (6 marks)

Total 24 marks

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3. Study the figure below and answer the questions that follow.

D C

A B

Figure 2.

(a) (i) Which section of a river does the diagram represent? (1 mark)

(ii) Name any THREE of the features labelled A, B, C and D. (3 marks)

(b) (i) Name TWO features produced by river erosion. (2 marks)

(ii) Outline TWO processes by which rivers erode their channels. (6 marks)

(c) Select ONE feature from EACH of the following lists of coastal features and explain how
EACH may be formed.

(i) • Cave
OR
• Wave-cut platform
OR
• Arch (6 marks)

(ii) • Beach
OR
• Spit
OR
• Tombolo (6 marks)

Total 24 marks

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4. (a) Figure 3, provided as an insert, is a world map. Shade and name ONE region of tropical
rainforest and ONE region of tropical grassland. (4 marks)

(b) Describe the weather associated with any TWO Caribbean weather systems. (8 marks)

(c) Explain how FOUR characteristics of the vegetation of EITHER equatorial OR tropical
continental regions have been influenced by the climate. (12 marks)

Total 24 marks

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SECTION C (Human Systems)

Answer ONE question from this section.

5. Study Table 1 which shows urban primacy for selected Caribbean countries and answer the questions
that follow.

TABLE 1: MEASURES OF URBAN PRIMACY IN THE CARIBBEAN, 1990

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF URBAN

COUNTRY POPULATION LIVING POPULATION LIVING
IN PRIMATE CITY IN PRIMATE CITY

Cuba 20 28

St Kitts and Nevis 45 100

Saint Lucia 31 66

St Vincent and the Grenadines 21 100

Jamaica 38 77

Trinidad and Tobago 24 38

(a) (i) Name the country which has just over one quarter of its urban population living
in the primate city. (1 mark)

(ii) Which country has nearly a quarter of its total population living in the primate
city? (1 mark)

(iii) Name ONE country where all the urban population live in one city. (1 mark)

(iv) Which country has the smallest percentage of its total population living in the
primate city? (1 mark)

(b) (i) State TWO ways by which the population of cities increase. (2 marks)

(ii)
Describe THREE measures that can be used to reduce urbanization in the
Caribbean. (6 marks)

(c) Explain FOUR reasons why many rural residents in the Caribbean prefer to live in cities.
(12 marks)

Total 24 marks

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6. Study the graph in Figure 4 below which shows the contribution of EACH sector to the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) and answer the questions that follow.

100
90
80
70
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
....... Key
Percentage

.......
.......
.......
60 .......
.......
.......
.......
....... Services
.......
.......
50 .......
.......
....... .... Industry
.......
.......
.......
40 ....... .......
.......
.......
....... Agriculture
.......
.......
30 .......
.......
.......
....... .......
....... .......
.......
.......
20
.......
.......
....... .......
.......
....... .......
.......
....... .......
.......
.......
.......
....... .......
.......
.......
10 .......
.......
.......
0
Anguilla Barbados Cuba Dominica

Figure 4. Percentage contribution of sectors to the GDP of selected countries

Source: Paul Guiness et al, Geography for CSEC,

Nelson Thornes, 2008, Figure 12.3.

(a) (i) In which country does Industry contribute 15 per cent to Gross Domestic Product?
(1 mark)

(ii) In which country does Industry contribute the largest percentage to Gross Domestic
Product? (1 mark)

(iii) What is the combined contribution of Agriculture and Industry in Anguilla?

(1 mark)

(iv) What is the contribution of Services in Cuba? (1 mark)

(b) (i) Define the term ‘tertiary activity’. (2 marks)

(ii) Describe THREE benefits of the tourist industry to the Caribbean. (6 marks)

(c) (i) Explain TWO reasons that EITHER mining OR forestry OR fishing, is important
to the economic development of a named Caribbean country. (6 marks)

(ii)
Explain TWO challenges faced by EITHER the garment industry OR the food
processing industry in the Caribbean. (6 marks)

Total 24 marks

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7. Table 2 shows the main Caribbean sugar producers for 1991 and 2001. Study Table 2 and answer
the questions that follow.

TABLE 2: THE MAIN CARIBBEAN SUGAR PRODUCERS,

1991 AND 2001 (’000 TONNES)

COUNTRY PRODUCTION 1991 PRODUCTION 2001

Barbados 65 763 45 000

Belize 113 188 102 744

Cuba 7 623 000 4 100 000

Guyana 159 985 305 000

Jamaica 228 000 203 000

Trinidad and Tobago 104 976 114 311

Source: John Niles, Modern Caribbean Geography,

Macmillan Caribbean, 2005, Table 8.1.

(a) (i) Which country experienced the biggest decline in sugar production? (1 mark)

(ii) What was the actual decline in sugar production for Jamaica? (1 mark)

(iii) What was the percentage change in production for Guyana? (2 marks)

(b) (i) What is peasant farming? (2 marks)

(ii) List TWO ways by which peasant farmers market their produce. (2 marks)

(iii) Describe TWO characteristics of large-scale arable farming in the Caribbean.

(4 marks)

(c) Compare commercial arable farming in the Caribbean with commercial arable farming in
the Canadian Prairies. Use the following headings:

• Mechanization
• Challenges
• Diversification (12 marks)

Total 24 marks

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SECTION D (Human Environment Systems)

Answer ONE question from this section.

8. (a) Draw a sketch map of a Caribbean country. On the map, shade and name an area, town
OR village which has suffered serious damage by ONE of the following events:

• Hurricane OR
• Earthquake OR
• Volcanic eruption (4 marks)

(b) Describe FOUR impacts of any ONE of the following events on a named Caribbean
country:

• Hurricane OR
• Volcanic eruption OR
• Earthquake (8 marks)

(c) (i) Explain how the implementation of any TWO measures can reduce the degradation
of coral reefs in the Caribbean. (6 marks)

(ii) Explain how any TWO measures can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
(6 marks)

Total 24 marks

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9. Study Figure 6 below which shows forest cover in the Caribbean and answer the questions that
follow.

100
90
80
Percentage

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
as
a

go
ba

da

an ame
os

es

is
ti
ll

ub

an

ev
am

ai

ill
ad

ba
ui

ru

na

uy
C

N
nt

in
ng

rb

To
A

re
ah

r
A

nd
A

G
Ba

Su
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ds

sa
an
Th

itt

ad
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id
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Country
St

in
et

Tr
N

Figure 6. Percentage of forest cover in the Caribbean

Source: Paul Guiness et al, Geography for CSEC,

Nelson Thornes, 2008, Figure 14.24.

(a) (i) Name ONE country which has over 70% forest cover. (1 mark)

(ii) Which country has 25% forest cover? (1 mark)

(iii) Name ONE country which has less than 10% forest cover. (1 mark)

(iv) What is the percentage forest cover of St Kitts and Nevis? (1 mark)

(b) (i) Define the following:

• air pollution
• water pollution (4 marks)

(ii) Explain TWO ways by which tourism development can contribute to coral
destruction in the Caribbean. (4 marks)

(c) (i) Outline TWO consequences of deforestation in the Caribbean. (6 marks)

(ii) Outline TWO possible consequences of global warming for the Caribbean.
(6 marks)

Total 24 marks

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10. (a) Draw a sketch map of a Caribbean territory (including Guyana and Suriname) to show an
area where EITHER land OR water OR air pollution is present. State the type of pollution
you choose. (4 marks)

(b) (i) List TWO sources of greenhouse gases. (2 marks)

(ii) State TWO causes of marine pollution in the Caribbean. (2 marks)

(iii) Describe TWO measures that can be used to reduce water pollution along the
coast. (4 marks)

Explain how FOUR of the measures used by a national disaster prevention organization
(c)
reduce and/or alleviate the effects of hurricanes OR earthquakes OR volcanic eruptions.
(12 marks)

Total 24 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

01225020/F 2014
 TEST CODE 01225020
FORM TP 2014077 MAY/JUNE 2014

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY

Paper 02 – General Proficiency

Insert for Question 1 (f) Centre Number ____________________________

Candidate’s Number ________________________

HaymannÕs Factory

80

75
Metres

50

25

0 10 2030 40 50 60 70
Contours (in metres) along Northing 82

Figure 1.

Title: ________________________________________________________

01225020/F 2014
 TEST CODE 01225020
FORM TP 2014077 MAY/JUNE 2014

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHY

Paper 02 – General Proficiency

Insert for Question 4 (a) Centre Number ____________________________

Candidate’s Number ________________________

Figure 3. Map of the world

TO BE ATTACHED TO YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET

01225020/F 2014
 20000mE 21 22 23 24 25 26
59º39’W
84000mN 84000mN

13º15’N 13º15’N

83 83

82 82

81 81

80 80
59º39’West of Greenwich
20000mE 21 22 23 24 25 26