BASIC PUBLIC SAFETY OPERATIONS

PATROL OPERATION

What is patrol?
Patrol is derived from the French word PATROUILLER (to tramp about through the
mud of a military camp or roughly to travel on foot)
Patrol is an indispensable service that plays a leading role in the accomplishment of
the police purpose. It is the only form of police service that directly attempts to eliminate
opportunity for misconduct; It also checks the development of desire for misconduct by
destroying unwholesome influences, by actively creating wholesome ones, and by favorably
influencing individual and group attitudes in its routine daily association with the public,
constantly availability is important because time is the essence in most police work.
Patrol is the backbone or nucleus of the police service. It is apparent that police patrol
service is practically responsible for the performance of all primary police tasks. It is the only
division that cannot be eliminated. Patrol is the main strength of the police organization which
is responsible in the attainment of the declared policy of the state with regards to the police as
embodied in R.A. 6975 as amended by R.A. 8551. Patrol is an indispensable unit of the PNP,
which requires great attention on their welfare, innovations for their professional growth,
support and motivations for them to gain respect and recognition from the public, which in turn
will redound to the image of the whole organization.

The Evolution of Police Patrol

The origin of patrolling goes with the history of police organization. Although the
development of patrol as a vital police function is closely associated with the evolution of police
forces. As Payton stated, “development of police patrol is closely associated with the increase of
human population and the need for protection and security.”
Present Period – The country through the Philippine National Police and the Department
of Interior and Local Government in coordination with other government agencies particularly
the Armed Forces of the Philippines, has tapped the involvement of the community in policing.
One of these is the institution of the community Oriented Policing System or COPS, the
Integrated Patrol System (IPS) and the Patrol 117.

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Patrol as the Backbone of the Police Department
This statement is often made that the Patrol Division is the “backbone of the police department”
and this statement is very true for the following reason:
a. It is the only division that cannot be eliminated.
b. Almost all police function had been vested to the patrol division.
c. The patrol division is often the only one to work on a twenty-four hour basis.

Basic Duties of Police Patrol

The duties and objectives of police patrol are many, but the basic duties could probably
be summed up in two words, protection, and service.

Fundamental Objectives of Police Patrol

1. Preventive Enforcement
Preventive enforcement falls under the heading of protection, and involves the prevention of
crime through the noticeable presence of police vehicles and personnel.
Sir Robert Peel first presented preventive enforcement as a criminological philosophy. And this
had been regarded as the soundest of all criminological theories. It is much easier to patch a
crack in the dike than to repair the wall after it has broken. “An ounce of prevention being
worth a pound of cure.

2. Selective Enforcement
Even though our present patrol division is extremely mobile, it cannot completely cover all of
the area or beat assigned to its patrol units. The only logical solution to the problem is selective
enforcement. In other words, go to either where the trouble is, or where the trouble likely to
occur.
Selective enforcement has proven to be a very effective technique in the patrol procedure. If a
certain area is subject to a high crime rate, the patrol cars spend a greater part of their
patrolling time in that area.

3. Traffic Enforcement
Large police departments have traffic divisions, but the majorities of the departments are small,
and have only patrol division to handle traffic enforcement.
Traffic enforcement is strongly dependent upon personal contact between the patrol officers
and the violators. There is much argument about the effectiveness of giving verbal warning
versus the issuing of citations, and there are good points to both sides of the arguments, but
department policy has always the last word. The important thing is that the violator is stopped
and the violation is brought to his attention.

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 4. Emergency call for Service
One of the duties and purposes of patrol is the handling of emergency calls for service. The
police vehicle had been equipped as an emergency vehicle, and special laws had been passed
exempting the police officer from the normal rules of the road when responding to an
emergency.
Since the handling of emergency calls for service is one of the basic duties of the patrol officer,
he should be trained in first aid and water life-saving emergencies.

5. Routine Call for Service

Routine call account for the majority of services provided by the patrol division. Because of this,
officers have to guard against becoming callused and indifferent to calls of this nature.

Role of Patrol
The most important role of a patrol officer is to serve as the police organization’s
actual field contact with the people. Thus, the word PATROL is an acronym of:

P- Policemen A- Assigned T- To R- Restore O- Order L- Locality

 FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF POLICE

The police render four major functions in its law enforcement and peace control task;
1. Crime prevention
2. Crime investigation
3. Traffic supervision
4. Promote public safety

Distinction of Crime Prevention and Crime Control

1. Crime Prevention
Is the reduction or the elimination of the desire and/ or opportunity to commit a
felony.
2. Crime Control
Is the primary concern of the police, as the saying goes, “control before the act
escalates into a serious proportion”.
The fine is;
A. First to prevent
B. ultimately to control

 PATROL: WORKING THE STREET

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 Preparation for Duty – The patrol officers’ job starts even before they are in their
respective area of responsibility (AOR) because they need to prepare the following that
are necessary in the performance of their routines:

A. Equipment check
1. Police uniform
2. Weapons
3. Watch
4. Money, including change to pay telephones
5. Flashlight, spare battery and bulbs
6. Notebook with ample supply of blank paper
7. Forms reports, traffic violations, etc.
8. Current list of stolen and wanted vehicles
9. Portable radio and other equipment as required
B. Information Check – Prior to actual patrolling, the police officers should:
1. Secure and review description of missing and wanted persons.
2. Arrange any follow-up work from previous shifts.
3. Check with the officer being relieved for any problems requiring your attention
during the shift.
4. Check patrol area log for problem areas requiring extra surveillance.

C. Vehicle Check – In case of patrol officers assigned on mobile cars (prowl cars), they
should:
1. Check the inside of your patrol car, paying particular attention to the rear seat.
2. A prisoner may have hidden a weapon or evidence in the vehicle during the previous
shift.
3. During your own tour of duty, a prisoner might try the same maneuver. If you
haven’t checked the vehicle, any evidence you recover might be ruled inadmissible in
court; you would be unable to swear that the vehicle was empty before the suspect
entered it.
4. Record the condition of your vehicle’s interior in your notebook for possible latter
use as evidence.
5. Check you vehicle’s siren, roof light, radio and other equipment to ensure that they
are in proper working order. Note any damaged or mechanical problems.

TIP: You may be able to use this knowledge to obtain evidence when you don’t have the legal
authority to search a suspect. Here’s how:

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 Place your suspect in the rear seat of your patrol car. Walk a few steps away from the
vehicle and pretend to write something in your notebook. If he believes you are not watching
him, the suspect will probably try to hide any contraband or illegal weapons in his possession
in, or under, the set. After giving him a few minutes to complete this transaction, remove the
suspect from the vehicle. Search the seat and retrieve any incriminating evidence that he may
have “voluntarily” turned over to you.
In employing this strategy, keep alert – the suspect may try to swallow narcotics or
papers in an attempt to conceal evidence.

Police Personnel Distribution

The patrol force is an organization within an organization. The patrol force is the nucleus
(focal unit) of the department about which the special services are grouped, and therefore, it
shall not be subordinated to any other police unit in the police department.
The operational heart of a police organization is the patrol force to which other
departmental divisions relate in a supportive role.
In ordinary police stations, the suggested distribution of police functions is as follows:

Police Activity Percentage

1. Patrol Functions 50 %
2. Criminal Investigation 15 %
3. Traffic Functions 10 %
4. Vice & Juvenile Related Functions 10 %
5. Administrative Functions 10 %
6. Auxiliary Functions 5%

(Courtesy of Isaias Alma Jose)

The proportional strength of the patrol force and the special units like investigation,
traffic, vice and juvenile units depend on the services performed by each. The patrol force,
being the backbone of the police service, is responsible for the accomplishment of most police
objectives. In small police departments having no specialization, the patrol force performs all
the primary, secondary, and administrative police tasks. If a special unit is created, it must be
described which tasks:
1. will be taken from the patrol unit, to be made as the exclusive responsibility of the
special unit;
2. will remain as exclusive responsibility of the patrol unit; and
3. Will be assigned as joint responsibility.

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 4.
Why is it that the citizens usually call first the police when a social problem occurs?
Traditionally speaking, these are the reasons: Because the police are constantly
available when needed; dependable when called upon; and capable of providing advice to
decide or settle interpersonal conflicts. Thus, there are two broad duties of police officers while
on patrol.

1. Provide public protection through:

a. Preventive Enforcement – progressive and continuous patrolling
b. Selective Enforcement – research and investigation
2. Render social services
a. Information services
b. Police escort
c. Assisting other agencies
d. Serving court notices (warrants)

What is the Importance of Police Patrol?

The following are the specific points that justify the importance of Police patrol:
1. Patrol is the essence of police operations.
2. The patrol group is the single largest unit in the police organization.
3. Actions taken by the patrol officer have the most direct impact on the citizen’s
satisfaction and on the accomplishment of police goals and objectives.
4. Patrol operation is the most visible from of activity that enhances the welfare and
security of the community.
5. Individual patrol officers represent the police department in its contact with the
community.
6. Individual patrol officers play a major role in determining the quality of justice in a given
community. Errors made by patrolmen have significant negative effect in the public’s
perception and on the other components of the CJS.
7. The patrol officer is the most important human element of the police organization since
all police field operations are supported by the patrol activity.

TYPES OF PATROL
1. Foot Patrol
The foot patrol is the most expensive type of patrol, and most departments have reduced their
foot patrols to a minimum because of this. Foot patrol is restricted to small areas and is used to
deal with special situations while maintaining radio contact with officers in patrol cars. Foot
patrol is used to secure 2 types of police geographical units:

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 1. Post – a fixed position or location where an officer is assigned for guard duty
2. Beat – the smallest area specifically assigned for patrol purposes

Types of Foot Patrol:

1. Fixed foot patrol is usually is used to traffic, surveillance, parades, and special events.
2. Mobile foot patrol is used where there is considerable foot movement such as
patrolling business and shopping centers, high crime areas, and in places where there
are many or multiple family dwellings.
a. Line beat patrol is used in securing a certain portion of a road or street.
b. Random foot patrol is used in checking residential buildings, business
establishments, dark alleys, and parking lots.
c.
The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern
1. Clockwise Patrol Pattern
-Short beats well for foot patrol.
-Rectangular/square size of beat.
2. Counter-clockwise Patrol Pattern
-The reverse of clockwise pattern with the same characteristic of an area to be patrolled.
3. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Patrol Pattern
-Done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter of the beat not at random but with
definite target location where he knows his presence is necessary.
4. Straightway and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern
-Hazard oriented patrol.

Some of the Advantages of the Foot Patrol

1. The foot patrolman can provide immediate traffic control when it is needed.
2. More person-to-person contact can be made with the public.
3. The officer can actually get to know the physical layout of his beat better.
4. He can also get to know the people in his beat better, and can develop criminal
informants easier.
5. A foot officer can sneak up on situation, where a patrol car is easily noticed
when it approaches.
6. By the use of a two-way radio, the officer can maintain communications with the
department and the mobile unit.

Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques

1. Don’t establish a set of patterns of patrol.

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 2. When checking doors for forced entry, use flashlight on or around the lock to see
if there are noticeable jimmy marks.
3. When an open door is found, NEVER ENTER ALONE.
4. At least once a night use the fire escapes to check the roof in the downtown area
for possible ‘cut through” burglaries as they are sometimes referred to.
5. Be alert for boxes that are being pilled up behind building, or ropes that are
hanging down the sides of building, or ladders that might have been used to
gain access to a roof.
6. At nighttime, the foot patrol officer should occasionally step into alleys or store
entrance, and get out of the light as much as possible.
7. Foot care is a prime consideration.
8. Foot patrol must walk his best during all type of weather.
9. A foot patrol officer should never smoke while in uniform on the street, nor
should chew gum.
10. The foot patrol officer should make a conscious effort to make friends on the
beat.
11. Use all five senses while walking the beat.
12. When things are slow, the officer should plan strategies.

2. Automobile Patrol
The automobile is the most economical type of patrol and offers tactical ability when used in
numbers. The patrol car is the most extensively used and the most effective means of
transportation for police on patrol. Equipped with state-of-the-art police gear, patrol cars today
provide a rapid, safe, and efficient means of transportation under average operating conditions.
Automobile patrol has the greatest mobility and flexibility. Most experts on patrol operation
agree that it is the most cost-effective method of patrol.

Some of the Advantages of the Automobile Patrol

1. Where speed and mobility are needed such as in a large area that must be covered by few
officers, the speed of the automobile allow them to service the whole area and do so
efficiently.
2. It is one of the best means of Preventive Enforcement.
3. It offers the officer protection.
4. It permits the officer to carry extra equipment.
5. The patrol car allows the police officer to have a partner when needed, and to transport one
or several prisoners.
6. In the case of station wagons, which are becoming popular as patrol vehicles, they can be
used to carry police dogs on patrol and emergency ambulance during disaster.

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7. Patrol cars can be used as barricades in roadblocks, and they offer a high degree of safety
during high-speed pursuits.

General Techniques and Procedures for Automobile Patrol

1. Check the police car thoroughly before leaving the garage.
2. As with the foot patrol, the beat should not be traveled the same way each night.
3. Don’t spend too much time in drive-ins or coffee-spots.
4. Do not drive too fast in general patrol.
5. During normal patrol, observe the rules of the road.
6. The license numbers of all strange or suspicious cars should be jotted down.
7. Make it a habit to never leave the keys in the police car, even if it is just for a minute.
8. Since we are creators of habits, a police officer must make a habit to use the seat belt at all
times.
9. The beat officer should learn the whereabouts of all safe lights and outside lock on his beat.
10. The officer on automobile patrol must, like the foot patrolman, always be on the alert for
possible informants.

One Man versus the Two Man Automobile Patrol

Since there is a controversy concerning one and two man patrol cars, the pros and cons should
be briefly covered.
 Two Man Patrol Car
1. A two-man patrol car provides the officer with a greater safety factor by doubling the
firepower and the physical protection.
2. The mistakes that one-man make may be caught by his partner, and vice versa.
3. One officer does not have to drive a full eight hours, and he is therefore more rested
and can do a better job.
4. Two pair of eyes is better than one.
5. One man can operate the radio while the other drives.
6. On the quiet night, the driver can have someone to talk to and help keep him awake.

 One Man Patrol Car

1. Having twice as many police cars on the street doubles the preventive enforcement.
2. When the officer is alone he devotes full attention to his driving and the beat rather
than to the conversation with his partner.
3. A one man alone developed self-reliance.
4. In two-man car, an officer will take more chances than if he is alone.
5. Personality clashes are reduced.
3. Horse Patrol

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Next to walking patrol, the horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol.
The following are some of the more common uses of the Horse patrol:
a. Park Patrol
b. Beach Patrol
c. Posse and Search
d. Parade and Crowd Control

4. Dog Patrol/K-9 Patrol

The key to the successful use of police dogs in patrol is based first of all on understanding
and willing master. Secondly, on the proper selection and training of the dogs and finally on
preparing the general public for their use. “Police Dogs should never be used to replace police
officers. They are supplementary forces that can aid the officer in better performing his duty.
A single K-9 team was able to complete building searches seven times faster than four
officers working together were to search the same building. And while the dog team found the
hidden suspects 93 percent of the time, the human officers found (hidden suspects) only 53
percent. Dogs are of great assistance in search and rescue as well as in smelling out drugs and
bombs. A dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times better than a human can.

What breeds of working dogs are best suited for police works?
1. German Shepherds – the most frequently used and highest-scoring dog for police work
2. Black Labrador retrievers
3. Giant Schnauzers
4. Rottweiler
5. Doberman pinchers
6. Bouviers
7. Newfoundland
8. Airedale terriers
9. Alaskan malamutes

5. Air Patrol
If the area to be serviced is large enough, air patrol can be actually be as economical
as the automobile.
Among the more recent trends in patrolling is the use of aircraft, either helicopter or
fixed-wing. Today, it has become necessary for the police use aircraft in performing both
routine and specialized patrol activities. The use of aircraft is not totally new. In 1925, the Los
Angeles County Sheriff Department has already formed a volunteer Reserve Aero Squadron.
Full-time Aero detail is still an official unit in this police department today.

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 Before 1929, the New York police department began using aircraft. In 1947, the New
York Prot Authority began using helicopters for surveillance, transportation, and rescue. Other
cities and state agencies in United States have employed helicopters, usually during daylight
hours. In 1986, the state of California developed an experimental program using helicopters for
police patrolling known as SKY KNIGHT.
During the latter part of 1959, the Public Safety Department of Dade County in Florida
used the aerial patrol concept. At present, it is effectively utilizing fixed-wing aircraft and
helicopters in regular patrols to prevent crime and apprehend offenders or engage in
surveillance activities.

Advantages of Helicopter Patrol

1. Improves response time to emergency calls for service.
2. Increase apprehension of offenders.
3. Increase prevention of crime.
4. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units through air borne information.
5. Increase ability in conducting roof searches for suspected felons.
6. Easier location of both lost and escaped persons.
7. More efficient rescue operations and emergency ambulance service.
8. A better system of floodlighting areas at night.
9. Information can be broadcast to large areas through airborne loudspeakers.
10. Rapid emergency transportation of personnel.
11. Added security to patrol officers through “backup” offered by aerial patrol.
12. Possible use in fire fighting.
13. It can be used to assist other public agencies and thus save the city money.

Disadvantages of Helicopter Patrol

1. Bad weather will ground the helicopter.
2. Smog and light or intermittent clouds might affect vision.
3. This type of service requires special skills and training.
4. There is a danger from high wire, trees, and similar object.
5. There can be difficulty of landing in urban areas.
6. Pilots fatigue and most work shorter periods of time than regular police shift.
7. Refueling problems.
8. Special facilities are required for housing and repairs.
9. There are many tactical problems to overcome such as location of police
units on ground, and the exact locations of addresses from the air.
10. Adverse public reaction due to the fear of “spying from the sky” or just
simple objection of the noise involved.

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 11. Criminals can hear the helicopter coming and suspires is lost.

6. Boat Patrol
Since man has usually founded and built his cities next to some river or body of water, it is
conceivable that the use of boats in the enforcement of the law has been a type of patrol since
the dawn of history. The recorded history of our earliest civilization indicates the use of tariffs.
Where there are tariffs there is smuggling, and the control of smuggling in any community near
water necessitates the use of water patrol.

7. Bicycle Patrol
Bicycle patrol has long been a part of the patrol services of most countries throughout the world
since the bicycle was first developed. In the United State, the rapid development of automobile
and the wider street has limited and almost eliminated the used of bicycle as a patrol vehicle.
However, many communities have retained the used of bicycle for the following reasons. First is
economical. Secondly it is quiet and can be used to patrol an area without alerting the
criminals. With the development of the small compact transistor radio, the bicycle can be radio
equipped.

8. Motorcycle Patrol
The use of the motorcycle as a means of police transportation is almost as old as that of the
automobile. It was in 1909 that the first motorcycles begun to be used. The wide use of the
sidecar motorcycle in World War I set the stage for its wide use in police work following the
war.
Although the use of motorcycles has lost ground to the used of patrol cars in recent years, their
need of congested traffic will insure their continued use as a form of police patrol. The two-
wheeled motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement, parades, and escort duty. It has
the disadvantages of being used only, in fair weather, of causing a greater number of accidents
which are usually quite serious, and in the long run costing the department almost as much as
a patrol vehicle despite the apparent low first cost.

9. Television Patrol
Television patrol, although probably suggested in the Dick Tracy comic strip, was first used in
police work on a practical basic in West Germany. Its use was basically for purposes of traffic
control. It involved a television panel with a capacity of thirty television receivers, situated in
front of a control board manned by single operator.
In the field, at key point, television cameras are mounted in a weatherproof housing. They were
equipped with Zoom lenses and were remotely controlled by the operator at the control board

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who can adjust each camera to a panoramic view of 270 degrees. As situation developed in the
field, he would direct to the exact location.
It is obvious that this type of operation is only adaptable to cities or areas containing great
concentrations of people or traffic, but the idea is not only sound but also economical. With the
use of the zoom lens now used in sports television, it is possible to pick up the license of fleeing
automobiles. The possibilities are unlimited.

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 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF OMNIPRESENCE:
PATROL STRATEGY IN CRIME PREVENTION

Police Omnipresence
- It is the community’s perception that the police is always present anytime, anywhere, who are
always ready to assist the public of any untoward eventuality. This, for a matter, will
consciously promote a sense of security to the citizenry.
-It is a crime repression activity of the police which is accomplished by making their presence
known in such a way that even if they are longer present in a certain location, would be
criminals would still have the impression that they are still around and would therefore refrain
from committing an offense.

Strategic objective of Police Omnipresence

1. The patrol officer to be seen alertly and constantly patrolling so as to establish a highly
visible police presence thereby imposing;
2. A feeling of security on the part of the law abiding citizen
3. A feeling of fear on the part of the would be criminals.
4. A feeling of confidence that the police are constantly available to respond to any situation.

Strategy of High and Low Visibility Patrols

A. High visibility Patrol- the theory underlying the high visibility patrol is that increasing “the
aura of police omnipresence” in the community can reduce certain types of crimes. Another
strategy for high visibility patrol is the saturation concept wherein selected areas of the city is
saturated by intensive patrol of clearly visible police equipped with 2- way radios.

B. Low Visibility Patrol- A strategy wherein members of the force in plain cloth, patrol areas
on foot or in unmarked vehicles where street crimes become high-risk crimes. The objectives
are:
1. Increased apprehension of criminals engages in selected street crimes.
2. The deterrence of criminal activity as a result of greater probability of
apprehension.

Proactive and Reactive Patrol

A. Proactive Patrol
- It is the old system of police patrol activity which consists of continuously driving around the
area of patrol waiting for something to happen and to react according in case something does
happen.

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- An effort, which seeks to prevent crime from occurring. This involves the use of patrol officers
of all crime analysis. It includes the effort by the beat officer to see trends in developing areas
or individuals and to make measures to intercede. This could be a simple as talking to
youngsters who are beginning to display behaviour problems, or advising a liquor store owner
to cover his front window of the store during a robbery.

B. Reactive Patrol
-It is the more economical alternative patrol system, which has an objective approach against
criminally as much as practicable. It addresses crime at its very root before it is able to develop
into a felonious act.
- an effort to respond to existing situations that confront them and the type of reaction may
determine whether or not a suspect is arrested and prosecuted, or a problem is solved, or a life
is saved.

PATROL MANAGEMENT
The following are simple but vital questions in the management of a patrol unit in your
own department or in any police department:

What is participative law enforcement?

It is a system where the citizenry and the police work together to reduce crime prevent
juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, maintain the peace and reduce local problems
which are the mutual responsibility of the police and the people.

What is the difference between prevention and repression of criminal and

delinquent behavior?
Prevention is the aimed towards ways and means to reduce the desire of the human
being to commit crime. Repression, on the other hand is the act of preventing the actual
commission of crimes. Repression is leveled on the prevention of the very act itself which
constitutes crimes.

What is the meaning of the acronym COPS?

The acronym COPS refers to Community Oriented Policing System. It is the deploying of
policemen in police blocks to provide police and public safety services. It also involves the
breaking down of large and impersonal police departments into small units to create as series of
mini-police precincts, which are responsive to the smaller communities.

What are the objectives of the PNP’s New COPS?

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 1.) To enhance police visibility in order to reach out to the community to serve the resident
a policing out.
2.) To improve police community relation to gain public acceptance, build mutual respect
and trust and promote cooperation.
3.) To attend sustained and integrated police-community participation, in crime prevention
and suppression.

What is police block?

This is the NCOB (New Cops on the Block) Center of Command and Control of its
activities and the police base from which the citizen may seek assistance whether in person by
radio or telephone.

What is the so-called “House Visitation”?

It is a function of NCOBs where police officers on patrol visit every house and work place to
offer crime prevention advice and to organize the neighbourhood crime watch groups.

What is the so-called “Street Questioning” method?

It is a method whereby policemen on patrol may interview within the bounds of law
suspicious personalities at random in order to serve as a deterrent to those intended to commit
a crime.

What do you understand about the concept of “Team Policing”?

It is a grass root approach undertaken to bring the people and the police together in a
cooperative situation. Its distinguishing feature is the establishments of neighborhood crime
watch groups to encourage the people to report crime and to assume greater interest and
responsibility in crime prevention and suppression.

What is the purpose of police uniform?

As with any other occupation, the police uniform is intended to separate policemen from
everyone who are not in the same line of work to avoid confusion and to assure others of his
authority and his presence.

Give the four kinds of inspections conducted by policemen on patrol.

Policemen may conduct building inspection, crime prevention follow-up, house
inspection and miscellaneous inspection.

What is Patrol Hazard?

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 This is a term used frequently to describe a specific condition or place that requires a
patrol officer’s special attention.

What is the importance of Vehicle inspection for Patrol?

The emergency nature of police work demands that the vehicle they use be in the best
condition as possible not only for routine patrol driving but also for pursuit operation. Hence,
there is a need for regular vehicle inspection.

What is the purpose of the District Orientation tour in preparing for patrol?
Its purpose is to familiarize and orient policemen about the patterns and characteristics
of his patrol area before vehicle inspection.

Why participation of patrol in vice control necessary?

Patrol participation in vice control is necessary in order to lessen the force needed in the
vice-division; to increase its efficiency; to conserve time and energy of its members; and to
focus its attention to the more serious vice violations.

What are different types of calls response by the police patrol?

 ROUTINE CALL – Under this category, the mobile car is required to observe all traffic
laws and rules and does not normally use its flashing lights and siren while on its way to
the scene. This includes when the police responds to:
 Provide police car transportation.
 Obtain reports about offenses discovered after the criminal has left and which does not
involve injury.
 Obtain information the nature of which is not given.
 Investigate apparently abandoned vehicles.
 Obtain damage reports.
 Provide additional traffic control and direction.

 URGENT CALL – This is similar to the routine call, which also requires the responding
police car to observe all traffic rules and does not use its flashing lights or siren.
However, it proceeds directly to its destination and does not stop unless an incident of
far more serious nature occurs. This includes when the police responds to investigate:
 Trouble of unknown nature.
 Shoplifter complaint.
 Vehicular accidents in which there are no physical injuries.
 Prowler complaints.
 Lost children complaints

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  Report of mob activities
 Reports of domestic or tenant- landlord or neighbour conflicts

 EMERGENCY CALL- in most cases, the category requires the use of the flashing light
and fluctuating sire although there are exceptions which include the attempt to surprise
criminals in the act. It is permissible in this case for the responding police car to violate
traffic laws provided that extreme care is exercised while driving at high speed. This
includes when the police responds to:
 Investigate a crime in progress
 Investigate a traffic accident in which people are injured.
 Rescue or assist another patroller in trouble.
 Aids an injured person.
 Pursue or apprehend suspected criminal/s
 Assist in fire fighting.
 Stop an ongoing fight in progress.

THE ABC’S OF RADIO TRANSMISSION

(A) Accuracy. It is the correctness and truthfulness of what is being communicated. The
major cause of inaccuracy is haste and impatience. The old saying that “haste makes waste”
certainly applies to police communications.
(B) Brevity. This means using few words. Due to the expanding volume of radio traffic, it is
essential that there be no unnecessary or repetitious words in the transmission. The use of
police code can help maintain brevity.
(C) Courtesy. It is necessary for rapid and efficient service. Courtesy begets courtesy. Anger
begets anger. The courtesy in police communications is more of a form of respect than
expressed words. It can be shown in the tone of voice. Clarity, the second C.

BASIC RADIO OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE

COMMUNICATIONS – is an act of communicating, conveying or imparting of information from
one person to another or from one place to another.
RADIO COMMUNICATION- a process of conveying information/ message from one point to
another by means of electromagnetic waves (radio waves).

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION
1. SIMPLEX – using one frequency in transmit and receive.
2. HALF DUPLEX - two way communication in which both stations transmit and receive
alternately using two(2) frequencies, one (1) on receive and one (1) on transmit.
3. FULL DUPLEX – two way communication in which both stations transmit and receive
simultaneously. Ex. Telephone conversation.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

All Radio users must refrain from airing obscene, indecent and profane languages and
the strict observance of Communication Security. The guidelines include the Security aspect of
Radio users and personnel who are paramount to respect in Radio Communication. The
primary reason is that a conversation thru Radio is the fastest means but does not guarantee
the security because there are million listeners in the limitless Radio Frequency Spectrum.

RADIO PROCEDURES
1. The techniques of using the Phoenix Language and Numerals
2. Radio network diagramming
3. Familiarized the ten APCO signal
4. The techniques in calling and answering
5. proper postures in communicating thru Radio
6. Implementing the use of station call signs and station call words
7. Use and care of Handled Radios and other Communications Electronics equipment.
8. Implementing the use of the users’ code name, wire sign of Operator and Code name of
VIPS.
9. Preventive maintenance.
APCO AND PHONETICS
RADIO TELEPHONE PROWORDS AND PROCEDURES
ACTION The addresses where designation immediately follows are to take action
on this message.
AFFIRMATIVE Yes, permission granted
BREAK Getting in for important message and separation of the text from the
other portion of the message.
CORRECTION An error has been made on this transmission the correct version is
that which follows in corrected version
FIGURES Number or Numbers follows
I READ BACK Response to instruction of reading back the received message
I SPELL I shall spell-out the next words in phonetics
I SHALL SAY IT AGAIN I repeat my transmission or portion indicated

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MESSAGE FOLLOWS A transmission of succeeding messages after proper recording.
NEGATIVE No, not received.
ORIGINATOR Indicated by address/designation of a sender
READ BACK Repeat the entire transmission back to the sender exactly us received.
RELAY TO Transmit this message to all addresses or designation immediately
following.
ROGER received your transmission satisfactorily
SAY AGAIN Repeat all your transmission or portion of a message
WILCO Compliance of an instruction in a message or any verbal instruction
FADING A variation in strength of received signal at the point of reception
AUTHENTICATION A security measure designed to protect a Communication System against
fraudulent messages

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

MSG - message SCC - service
RE - regarding CMA/CMM - comma
PD - period or provincial director RPT - report
VI - verbal instruction HWI - hand written instruction
HWH - hand written note OOA - on or about
WILCO - will comply FAS - firearms
TD - target FAM - fastest available means
DTs - dissidents terrorist ROST - request
IMDTE - -immediate ASAP - as soon as possible
ACK - acknowledge ITC/ITCON - in this connection
NLT - not later than OPN - operation
CLN - colon SMCLN - semicolon
BI - background investigation LOI - letter of instruction
IMPLAN - implementing plan PERS - personnel
CTs - communist terrorist AVAIL - available
SOP - standard operating system BT - break transmission
REURAD - regarding your radio message
OB - order of battle SUBMSN - submission
PRO - Police Regional Office PPO - Police Provincial Office
PS - Police Station CPS - City police Station
DOC - documents ETA - estimated time of arrival
DS - detached service/ detail station TNU - True Name Unknown
MNU - Middle Name Unknown STN - station
RMG - Regional Mobile Group MPS - Municipal Police Station

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TBAL - to be announced later PROM - promotion
ETD - estimated time of departure INVSN - investigation
FNU - First Name Unknown LNU - Last Name Unknown

TEN APCO SIGNALS

10-0 - Caution 10-16 - Domestic Trouble
10-1 - Unable to Copy 10-17 - Meet Complainants
10-2 - Signal is good 10-18 - Complete Assignment
10-3 - Stop Transmitting 10-19 - Return to
10-4 - Acknowledgment 10-20 - Location
10-5 - Relay 10-21 - call by tel
10-6 - Busy standing unless urgent 10-22 - disregard
10-7 - Cut of Service 10-23 - Arrived at scene
(give location and /or tel no.)
10-8 - In- service 10-24 - assignment completed
10-9 - Repeat 10-25 - Report in person (meet)
10-10 - Fight in progress 10-26 - Detaining sub, expedite
10-11 - Dog Chase 10-27 - Drivers license info
10-12 - Standby 10-28 - Vehicle registration info
10-13 - Weather and road report 10-29
10-14 - Report to prowler 10-30 - Checks records for wanted
10-15 - Civil Disturbance
10-31 - Crime Progress 10-66 - Msg cancellation
10-32 - Man with gun 10-67 - Clear for net msg
10-33 - Emergency 10-68 - Dispatch information
10-34 - Riot 10-69 - Msg received
10-35 - Major crime alert 10-70 - fire alarm
10-36 - Correct time 10-71 - Advice nature of fire
10-37 - Investigate suspicious vehicle 10-72 - Rept progress of fire
10-38 - stopping suspicious vehicle 10-73 - Smoke report
10-39 - Urgent use light sign 10-74 - Negative
10-40 - Silent run- no light sign 10-75 - In contact with
10-41 - Beginning tour of duty 10-76 - En route
10-42 - Ending tour of duty 10-77 - estimated time of arrival
10-13 - Information 10-78 - Need assistance
10-14 - Request permission to leave control 10-79 - Notify
10-45 - animal carcass at 10-80 - kidnapping
10-46 - assist motorist 10-81 - Stolen vehicle

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10-47 - Emergency road repairs at 10-82 - Reserved lodging
10-48 - Traffic standard need at 10-83 - Found vehicle
10-49 - Traffic light out 10-84 - If- meeting advice CTA
10-50 - accident 10-85 - Delayed due to
1051 - Wrecker needed 10-86 - Missing person
10-52 - Ambulance needed 10-87 - Pick up distribute check
10-53 - Road Blocked 10-88 - Present no. of
10-54 - Livestock on highway 10-89 - Pick up prison subject
10-55 - Intoxicated driver 10-90 - Bank alarm
10-56 - Intoxicated pedestrian 10-91 - Unnecessary use of radio
10-57 - Hit and Run (F,P, PD) 10-92 - Wanted person
10-58 - Direct traffic 10-93 - Bloakable
10-59 - Convoy or escort 10-94 - Drag Racing
10-60 - Squad in Vicinity 10-95 - Stolen subject
10-61 - personnel in area 10-96 - Mental subject
10-67 - Reply to msg 10-97 -
10-63 - Prepare to make written report 10-98 - Prison jail
10-64 - Msg for local delivery 10-99 - Records indicate wanted person
10-65 - Net msg assignment

LEA 3 (Law Enforcement Operation Planning with Crime Mapping )