Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 59 views

    Earth Without Plastic Project Literature

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ali Hamza
    This document discusses plastic pollution and efforts to reduce it in Pakistan. It defines plastic pollution, outlines its causes such as accumulation of waste and effects on the environment and wildlife. It then discusses factors driving increased plastic waste like single-use plastics. The document also provides easy ways to reduce plastic pollution like recycling and reusable bags. It outlines government policies in Pakistan to address plastic pollution including a plastic collection pilot project and banning certain plastic bags.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Earth Without Plastic Project Literature

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ali Hamza
    59 views5 pages
    This document discusses plastic pollution and efforts to reduce it in Pakistan. It defines plastic pollution, outlines its causes such as accumulation of waste and effects on the environment and wildlife. It then discusses factors driving increased plastic waste like single-use plastics. The document also provides easy ways to reduce plastic pollution like recycling and reusable bags. It outlines government policies in Pakistan to address plastic pollution including a plastic collection pilot project and banning certain plastic bags.

    Original Title

    Earth without plastic Project literature

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses plastic pollution and efforts to reduce it in Pakistan. It defines plastic pollution, outlines its causes such as accumulation of waste and effects on the environment and wildlife. It then discusses factors driving increased plastic waste like single-use plastics. The document also provides easy ways to reduce plastic pollution like recycling and reusable bags. It outlines government policies in Pakistan to address plastic pollution including a plastic collection pilot project and banning certain plastic bags.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    59 views5 pages

    Earth Without Plastic Project Literature

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ali Hamza
    This document discusses plastic pollution and efforts to reduce it in Pakistan. It defines plastic pollution, outlines its causes such as accumulation of waste and effects on the environment and wildlife. It then discusses factors driving increased plastic waste like single-use plastics. The document also provides easy ways to reduce plastic pollution like recycling and reusable bags. It outlines government policies in Pakistan to address plastic pollution including a plastic collection pilot project and banning certain plastic bags.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Earth without plastic Project literature

    Supervisor: Ma’am Sidra Riaz


    Group Members: Muhammad Ali Hamza, Ali Mohyuddin, Muhammad Mubeen,
    Muhammad Akram

    What is Plastic pollution?


    Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the Earth's environment
    that adversely affects humans, wildlife and their habitat. Plastics that act as pollutants are
    categorized by size into micro-, meso-, or macro debris.
    Plastic pollution is caused by the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment. It can be
    categorized in primary plastics, such as cigarette butts and bottle caps, or secondary plastics, resulting
    from the degradation of the primary ones.

     The accumulation of waste


     The accumulation of marine litter, fragments or micro particles of plastics, and non-
    biodegradable fishing nets, which continue to trap wildlife and waste
     Waste causing the death of animals by ingestion of plastic objects
     The arrival of micro plastics and microbeads of plastics from cosmetic and body care
    products
    What are the factors that can be increasing plastic waste?
    Plastics made from fossil fuels are just over a century old. Production and development of
    thousands of new plastic products accelerated after World War II, so transforming the modern
    age that life without plastics would be unrecognizable today. Plastics revolutionized medicine
    with life-saving devices, made space travel possible, lightened cars and jets saving fuel and
    pollution and saved lives with helmets, incubators, and equipment for clean drinking water.

    The conveniences plastics offer, however, led to a throw-away culture that reveals the
    material’s dark side: today, single-use plastics account for 40 percent of the plastic produced
    every year. Many of these products, such as plastic bags and food wrappers, have a lifespan of
    mere minutes to hours, yet they may persist in the environment for hundreds of years.

    Effect of plastic pollution on Environment

    Most of the plastic trash in the oceans, Earth’s last sink, flows from land. Trash is also carried
    to sea by major rivers, which act as conveyor belts, picking up more and more trash as they
    move downstream. Once at sea, much of the plastic trash remains in coastal waters. But once
    caught up in ocean currents, it can be transported around the world.

    Harm to wildlife
    Millions of animals are killed by plastics every year, from birds to fish to other marine
    organisms. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by
    plastics. Nearly every species of seabird eats plastics.

    Most of the deaths to animals are caused by entanglement or starvation. Seals,  whales, turtles,
    and other animals are strangled by abandoned fishing gear or discarded six-pack rings. Micro
    plastics have been found in more than 100 aquatic species, including fish, shrimp, and mussels
    destined for our dinner plates. In many cases, these tiny bits pass through the digestive system
    and are expelled without consequence. But plastics have also been found to have blocked
    digestive tracts or pierced organs, causing death. Stomachs so packed with plastics reduce the
    urge to eat, causing starvation. Plastics have been consumed by land-based animals, including
    elephants, hyenas, zebras, tigers, camels, cattle, and other large mammals, in some
    cases causing death.

    Tests have also confirmed liver and cell damage and disruptions to reproductive
    systems, prompting some species, such as oysters, to produce fewer eggs. New research shows
    that larval fish are eating nanofibers in the first days of life, raising new questions about the
    effects of plastics on fish populations.
    By the report of WWF

    Plastic pollution affects the natural environment of most species on the planet. Plastic has been
    found at the bottom of the Mariana trench9 and in Arctic sea ice10, in addition to covering
    coastal ecosystems and accumulating in ocean gyres in all parts of the world. Animals get
    entangled in large plastic debris, leading to acute and chronic injury or death. Wildlife
    entanglement has been recorded in over 270 different species, including mammals, reptiles, birds
    and fish.

    Easy ways to reduce plastic pollution

    • Earning from waste. Picking and selling


    • Awareness programs at slums
    • Banners on road sides and especially in front of schools
    • Media awareness
    • Seizure of plastic items using hazardous chemicals as additives.
    • School education
    • Seizure of plastic materials at shops
    • Penalty for adding plastic pollution
    • Excellence awards for plastic controllers
    • Compelling the super markets to limit giving plastic bags to consumers
    • Use of green bags
    • Start using paper or cloth bags for shopping
    • Critical examination of the end-of-life role of every plastic item
    • Sustainable materials management
    • More policy discussions
    • Replace of all Disposables with Re-usable plastics
    • Check Personal Products for Micro beads
    • Avoid synthetic wearing
    • Limit/reduce waste production
    • Recycle plastics.
    • Molecular redesign of plastics.
    • Green Chemistry i.e., greener routes for the production of plastics.
    • More emphasis on biopolymers.

    Government policies and organizations working to control plastic pollution in


    Pakistan

    The reality is that the only way this problem can be addressed is by individuals and companies
    around the world, agreeing to implement practices that reduce waste on every level. 
    Pakistan launches to control the plastic pollution:

    LAHORE - In order to cope with plastic pollution in the country, World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
    for Nature, Pakistan chapter, in collaboration with the Coca-Cola Foundation on Saturday
    launched a month-long pilot project for collecting plastic and its recycling. Three major
    commercial areas of the city including Packages Mall, Fortress Square and Emporium Mall have
    been allocated for plastic recovery facility. Citizens will deposit their used PET bottles to the
    recovery facility and the collected bottles will then be sent to WWF’s partner waste collector,
    Amal for recycling.

    Pakistan’s strategy to counter plastic pollution

    Pakistan adopted Oxo-biodegradable technology as a strategy to resolve the issue of plastic


    pollution in 2017. Oxo biodegradable plastics completely biodegrade in the environment after
    their useful life without any harmful impacts on the environment. Hence, providing a solution to
    all the above-stated issues. The regulation was formed after careful consideration of all the
    alternative options & based on scientific pieces of evidence. In 2019, another model was
    implemented in Islamabad Capital Territory by banning polyethylene bags and promoting
    biodegradable bags. The initiative was taken by the Ministry of Climate Change in light of the
    Prime Minister’s Clean and Green Pakistan vision.

    Other originations working in Pakistan

    25 September 2018: The EU and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP, or UN


    Environment) held a high-level event on the theme, 'Fighting Plastic Pollution: A Global Race
    to the top,' featuring countries' latest plans for addressing plastic pollution.

    References’:

    Environmental justice foundation (EJF)


    Wikipedia
    Google
    National geographic report
    WWF
    Journal of pollution effect and control

    You might also like