WAD Sample Manual

MET’S, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Institute of Engineering
Department of Information Technology
Class: TE Year 2021-2022

Subject: LP-II (Web Application Development)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand basic concepts of web programming and scripting languages.

2. To learn Version Control Environment.
3. To learn front end technologies and back-end technologies.
4. To understand mobile web development.
5. To comprehend web application deployment.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
On completion of the course, students will be able to–

CO1: Develop Static and Dynamic responsive website using technologies HTML, CSS,
Bootstrap and AJAX.
CO2: Create Version Control Environment.
CO3: Develop an application using front end and backend technologies.
CO4: Develop mobile website using JQuery Mobile.
CO5: Deploy web application on cloud using AWS.

Assignment 1:
a. Create a responsive web page which shows the ecommerce/college/exam admin dashboard
with sidebar and statistics in cards using HTML, CSS and Bootstrap.
Theory:
I. HTML
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph",
"this is a link", etc
A simple HTML Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
▪ The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5

document
▪ The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
▪ The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
▪ The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the
browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
▪ The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the
visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
▪ The <h1> element defines a large heading
▪ The <p> element defines a paragraph

II. CSS
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media
• CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
• External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
• CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and
variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.
Simple CSS example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
p{
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First CSS Example</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>

III. Bootstrap
Bootstrap is a free and open-source tool collection for creating responsive
websites and web applications. It is the most popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework
for developing responsive, mobile-first websites. It solves many problems which we had once,
one of which is the cross-browser compatibility issue. Nowadays, the websites are perfect for
all the browsers (IE, Firefox, and Chrome) and for all sizes of screens (Desktop, Tablets,
Phablets, and Phones).
Why Bootstrap?
• Faster and Easier Web Development.
• It creates Platform-independent web pages.
• It creates Responsive Web-pages.
• It is designed to be responsive to mobile devices too.
• It is Free! Available on www.getbootstrap.com
• Simple Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Bootstrap Example</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/
bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></sc
ript>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"
></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
<p>This is some text.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Bootstrap CDN


<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstra
p.min.css">


<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script>


<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script
>
b. Write a JavaScript Program to get the user registration data and push to array/local
storage with AJAX POST method and data list in new page.
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new technique for creating
better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML, HTML, CSS, and
Java Script.
Ajax uses XHTML for content, CSS for presentation, along with Document Object Model and
JavaScript for dynamic content display.
Conventional web applications transmit information to and from the sever using synchronous
requests. It means you fill out a form, hit submit, and get directed to a new page with new
information from the server.
With AJAX, when you hit submit, JavaScript will make a request to the server, interpret the
results, and update the current screen. In the purest sense, the user would never know that
anything was even transmitted to the server. XML is commonly used as the format for
receiving server data, although any format, including plain text, can be used. AJAX is a web
browser technology independent
of web server software.
A user can continue to use the application while the client program requests information from
the server in the background. Intuitive and natural user interaction. Clicking is not required,
mouse movement is a sufficient event trigger. Data-driven as opposed to page-driven.
AJAX is based on the following open standards −

• Browser-based presentation using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
• Data is stored in XML format and fetched from the server.

• Behind-the-scenes data fetches using XMLHttpRequest objects in the browser.

• JavaScript to make everything happen
AJAX cannot work independently. It is used in combination with other

technologies to create interactive webpages.
• JavaScript
– Loosely typed scripting language.
– JavaScript function is called when an event occurs in a page.
– Glue for the whole AJAX operation.
• DOM
– API for accessing and manipulating structured documents.
– Represents the structure of XML and HTML documents.
• CSS
– Allows for a clear separation of the presentation style from the content
and may be changed programmatically by JavaScript
• XMLHttpRequest
– JavaScript object that performs asynchronous interaction with the server.
Fig 1. How AJAX works
AJAX – Events : onreadystatechange Event Properties
Property Description
It is called whenever readystate attribute changes. It must not be used

onReadyStateChange
with synchronous requests.

represents the state of the request. It ranges from 0 to 4.

• 0: request not initialized (open() is not called.)
• 1: server connection established (open is called but send() is
not called.)
• 2: request received (send() is called, and headers and status
readyState
are available.)
• 3: processing request (Downloading data; responseText holds
the data.)
• 4: request finished and response is ready (The operation is
completed fully.)
200: "OK"
status 403: "Forbidden"
404: "Page not found"
XMLHttpRequest object properties
Property Description
readyState An integer from 0. . .4. (0 means the call is uninitialized, 4 means

that the call is complete.)
onreadystatechange Determines the function called when the objects readyState changes.
responseText Data returned from the server as a text string (read-only).
responseXML Data returned from the server as an XML document object (read-only).
status HTTP status code returned by the server


statusText HTTP status phrase returned by the server
XMLHttpRequest object methods
Method Description
open('method', 'URL', asyn) Specifies the HTTP method to be used (GET or

POST as a string, the target URL, and whether or
not the request should be handled asynchronously
(asyn should be true or false, if omitted, true is
assumed).
send(content) Sends the data for a POST request and starts the
request, if GET is used you hould call send(null).
setRequestHeader('x','y') Sets a parameter and value pair x=y and assigns it

to the header to be sent with the request.
getAllResponseHeaders() Returns all headers as a string.
getResponseHeader(x) Returns header x as a string.
abort() Stops the current operation.
Sample code:
ajaxcommunication.html
<html>
<body>
<div id="xyz">
Hello Friends <br>
Welcome to Pune!!!!!<br>
<button type="button" onclick="load()">
Submit
</button>
</div>
<script>
function load(){
var req=new XMLHttpRequest()

req.onreadystatechange=function() {
if(this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200){
document.getElementById("xyz").innerHTML=this.responseText
}
}
req.open('GET','data.txt',true)
req.send()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Data.txt
I am enjoying learnimg JavaScript!!!!!!
Conclusion:

Assignment 2:
a. Create version control account on GitHub and using Git commands to create repository and
push your code to GitHub.
b. Create Docker Container Environment (NVIDEIA Docker or any other).
c. Create an Angular application which will do following actions: Register User, Login User,
Show User Data on Profile Component
Theory:
Part a.
1. What is Git?
Git is a popular version control system. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005, and has been
maintained by Junio Hamano since then.
It is used for:
• Tracking code changes

• Tracking who made changes
• Coding collaboration
2. What does Git do?
• Manage projects with Repositories

• Clone a project to work on a local copy
• Control and track changes with Staging and Committing
• Branch and Merge to allow for work on different parts and versions of a project
• Pull the latest version of the project to a local copy
• Push local updates to the main project
3. Working with Git
• Initialize Git on a folder, making it a Repository

• Git now creates a hidden folder to keep track of changes in that folder

• When a file is changed, added or deleted, it is considered modified

• You select the modified files you want to Stage
• The Staged files are Committed, which prompts Git to store a permanent snapshot of
the files
• Git allows you to see the full history of every commit.
• You can revert back to any previous commit.
• Git does not store a separate copy of every file in every commit, but keeps track of
changes made in each commit!
4. Why Git?
• Over 70% of developers use Git!

• Developers can work together from anywhere in the world.
• Developers can see the full history of the project.
• Developers can revert to earlier versions of a project.
5. What is GitHub
• Git is not the same as GitHub.

• GitHub makes tools that use Git.
• GitHub is the largest host of source code in the world, and has been owned by Microsoft
since 2018.
6. Steps to Push and PULL version control repository to GitHub
Step Command Description

No
1 Git Installation Download Git from the website: https://www.git-
scm.com/
2 Command line
>git –version If Git is installed, it should show something like git
version X.Y
3 git config --global user.name Configure Git

"w3schools-test" Change the user name and e-mail address to your
git config --global user.email own
"[email protected]"
4 mkdir myproject
Creating Git Folder
cd myproject
5 git init
Initialize Git

Initialized empty Git repository in

/Users/user/myproject/.git/
6 git status
To check the status
7 git add index.html
Add file to staging environment
8 git add --all
add all files in the current directory to the Staging
Environment:
9 git commit -m "First release of Hello
The committ command performs a commit, and the -
World!"
m "message" adds a message.
10 git commit -a -m "Updated index.html
Skips staging environment
with a new line"
11 git log
To view the history of commits for a repository, you
can use the log command
12 git command -help
See all the available options for the specific
command
13 git help --all
See all possible commands
14 git commit -help
See help for specific command
15 git branch hello-world-images
a branch is a new/separate version of the main
repository. This command creates a new branch
hello-world-images
16 git checkout hello-world-images
checkout is the command used to check out/ move to
a branch
17 git checkout master
Used to switch between branches
18 https://github.com/
Create a new account on github
19
Create a Repository on GitHub
20 git remote add origin

Push Local Repository to GitHub
https://github.com/w3schools-
test/hello-world.git
21 git push --set-upstream origin master
push master branch to the origin url,

22
go back into GitHub and see that the repository has
been updated:
23 git fetch origin
fetch gets all the change history of a tracked
branch/repo
24 git merge origin/master
merge combines the current branch, with a specified
branch.
25 git pull origin
pull is a combination of fetch and merge
It is used to pull all changes from a remote repository
into the branch you are working on.
Part c:
Useful link - https://www.tutorialsteacher.com/angular/install-angular
1. Angular requires a current, active LTS(long term support) or maintenance LTS version
of Node.js and NPM.
install node.js https://nodejs.org/
It will automatically install NPM - node package manager
2. Install Angular CLI

npm install -g @angular/cli@latest
To Create Angular 2 Application Angular CLI is required
3. To create new project

through CLI go to folder of the new project
Give command as -
ng new project-name
press ENTER
The project will be created as directory structure below –

Open folder src/app

Modify app.module.ts for form application
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import {FormsModule} from '@angular/forms'
@NgModule({
declarations: [
AppComponent
],
imports: [
BrowserModule,
AppRoutingModule,
FormsModule,
],
providers: [],
bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
Open app.component.html
Write html code for form (representative code is mentioned here, modify for multiple inputs)

<h1>Simple Form</h1>
<form #simpleForm = "ngForm" (ngSubmit) = "getValues(simpleForm.value)">
<input type ="text" ngModel name = "user" placeholder = "Enter Name">
<br> <br>
<input type ="text" ngModel name = "age" placeholder = "Enter age">
<br> <br>
<input type ="text" ngModel name = "city" placeholder = "Enter city">
<br> <br>
<button>Get user value</button>
</form>
Make changes in app.component.ts
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'AngProj1';
getValues(val:any)
{
console.log(val);
}
}
Here getValue() function which is called in form file is defined.

You can check inputted values through form in console.
build application
1. Use Angular CLI command ng serve -o to build an application.
The -o indicates to open it automatically in the default browser.
2. Use NPM command ‘npm start’ to build an application
http://localhost:4200 to see the application home page.
3.Open the terminal in VS Code from menu Terminal -> New Terminal,
and type ng serve -o command and press enter,
You can send the form contents from console to other page.
On the basis of above implementation, you can design login user, show user data.

Assignment 3:
a. Create a Node.JS Application which serves a static website.


b. Create four API using Node.JS, ExpressJS and MongoDB for CURD Operations on
assignment 2.C.
Theory:
Part a:
Create a Node.JS Application which serves a static website.

Installation : Node.js (site – Node.js), Express.js(installed through cmd)
Theory :
Node.js overview
In basic terms, Node is an open source cross-platform library for server-side programming that
permits clients to develop web applications rapidly. With Node, we can execute JavaScript
applications or network applications. Its basic modules are engraved in JavaScript.
It is generally utilized for server applications in real-time. Node.js permits JavaScript to execute
locally on a machine or a server.
Node.js gives numerous systems to utilize. One of such structures is Express.js. It is more
valuable and mainstream than the different structures of Node.js.
Features of Node.js
• Versatility: Node is incredibly adaptable as the server reacts in a non-blocking way.
• Zero Buffering: Applications yield the measurements in enormous pieces. This gives
the advantage of ‘No buffering’ to developers.
• Network: Node.js upholds an open-source community. This is the main explanation
that numerous glorious modules have been added to Node.js applications over time.
• Occasion driven Input and output: APIs of Node.js are non-blocking, meaning that
the server won’t wait for the arrival of information from an API. Rather, it will move
to another API.
Advantages of Node.js
• Easy to learn: Nodeis quite simple for developers to utilize and learn. Learning
Node.js is less difficult than React.
• Better Performance: Node.js takes the code of JavaScript via Google’s V8
JavaScript engine. The main advantage of this process is that it complies with the
JavaScript code directly into the machine code
• Freedom: Node.js offers a lot of freedom when it comes to development. There are
generally less constraints with Node.
• Extended support for tools: Another advantage of Node.js is that developers have
more community support.
• Extensible: Node.js is known to be quite extensible. You can utilize JSON to give the
degree to trade of information between the web server and the client.
• Scalability: Node.js makes it simple to scale applications in horizontal as well as
vertical directions. The applications can be scaled even by the option of extra hubs to
the current framework.

Limitations of Node.js
• Programming interface isn’t steady: The Application Programming Interface (API)

of Node can be challenging to work with. It changes regularly and doesn’t remain
stable.
• No strong library support system: JavaScript does not hold a strong library system.
This limits the developers to implement even common programming tasks using
Node.js.
• Programming model is not synchronous: Many developers find this programming
model tougher in comparison to linear blocking I/O programming. In asynchronous
programming, the codes become clumsier, and developers have to depend on the nes
Express.js
"Express is a fast, unopinionated minimalist web framework for Node.js" - official web
site: Expressjs.com
Express.js is a web application framework for Node.js. It provides various features that make
web application development fast and easy which otherwise takes more time using only
Node.js.
Express.js is based on the Node.js middleware module called connect which in turn
uses http module. So, any middleware which is based on connect will also work with
Express.js.
Advantages of Express.js
1. Makes Node.js web application development fast and easy.

2. Easy to configure and customize.
3. Allows you to define routes of your application based on HTTP methods and URLs.
4. Includes various middleware modules which you can use to perform additional tasks
on request and response.
5. Easy to integrate with different template engines like Jade, Vash, EJS etc.
6. Allows you to define an error handling middleware.
7. Easy to serve static files and resources of your application.

8. Allows you to create REST API server.

9. Easy to connect with databases such as MongoDB, Redis, MySQL
Steps :
1. Install Node.js
2. Setting up express.js
3. Structuring files
4. Creating your express server
5. Servicing your static files
6. Building your web page
7. Running your project
Open Node.js command terminal & run the following in your terminal-
Setting up express.js
1. Create a new directory for your project - mkdir your-project-name

2. Change into your new directory - cd your-project-name
3. Initialize a new Node project with defaults. This will set a package.json file to access
your dependencies: npm init -y
4. Create your entry file, index.js. This is where you will store your Express server: if you
are working on Linux, you can run : touch index.js. if you are working on windows,
you can edit in VSCode
5. Install Express as a dependency : npm install express –save
6. Edit package.json. Within your package.json, update your start script to
include node and your index.js file.
Let express-static-file-tutorial is your project name
Package.json
{
"name": "express-static-file-tutorial",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"start": "node index.js" // change start value as node index.js
}, // This will allow you to use the npm start command in your
terminal to launch
"keywords": [], your express server
"author": "Paul Halliday",
"license": "MIT"
}

Structuring Your Files
To store your files on the client-side, create a public directory and include an index.html file
express-static-file-tutorial
|- index.js
|- public
|- index.html
Creating Your Express Server
Edit index.js file
Index.js
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const PORT = 3000;
app.use(express.static('public')); // represents application is serving static webpage in

public directory
app.get('/', (req, res) => {

res.send('Hello World!');
});
app.listen(PORT, () => console.log(`Server listening on port: ${PORT}`));
First of all, import the Express.js module.
In the above example, we imported Express.js module using require() function. The express
module returns a function. This function returns an object which can be used to configure
Express application (app in the above example).
The app object includes methods for routing HTTP requests, configuring middleware,
rendering HTML views and registering a template engine.
The app.listen() function creates the Node.js web server at the specified host and port. It is
identical to Node's http.Server.listen() method. Instead of Get(), post(), put() and delete()
methods can be used.
Building Your Web Page – client side


Navigate to your index.html file in the public directory. Populate the file with body and image
elements:
[label index.html]
<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<img src="shark.png" alt="shark"> //download & store image in public directory
</body>
</html>
(Instead of building Hello world application, building applications like student’s Registration
form/main page of website is recommended)
Running Your Project
In your terminal, launch your Express project

npm start
It will display
Server listening on port : 3000
Open your web browser, and navigate to http://localhost:3000.
Conclusion

Assignment 4:
a. Create a simple Mobile Website using jQuery Mobile.
b. Deploy/Host Your web application on AWS VPC or AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Mini Project
Develop a web application using full stack development technologies in any of the following
domains:
1. Social Media
2. ecommerce
3. Restaurant
4. Medical
5. Finance
6. Education
7. Any other
Theory:
Part a:
jQuery Mobile
JQuery Mobile is a user interface framework, built on jQuery Core and used for developing
responsive websites or applications that are accessible on mobile, tablet, and desktop devices.
It uses features of both jQuery and jQueryUI to provide API features for mobile web
applications. This tutorial will teach you the basics of jQuery Mobile framework. We will also
discuss some detailed concepts related to jQuery Mobile.
Why Use jQuery Mobile?

• It creates web applications that it will work the same way on the mobile, tablet, and
desktop devices.
• It is compatible with other frameworks such as PhoneGap, Whitelight, etc.
• It provides a set of touch-friendly form inputs and UI widgets.
Features of jQuery Mobile


• It is built on jQuery Core and "write less, do more" UI framework.

• It is an open source framework, and cross-platform as well as cross-browser
compatible.
• It is written in JavaScript and uses features of both jQuery and jQuery UI for building
mobile-friendly sites.
Download jQuery Mobile

When you open the link https://jquerymobile.com/, you will see there are two options to
download jQuery mobile library.
Click the Stable button, which leads directly to a ZIP file containing the CSS and JQuery files,
for the latest version of jQuery mobile library. Extract the ZIP file contents to a jQuery mobile
directory.
This version contains all files including all dependencies, a large collection of demos, and
even the library's unit test suite. This version is helpful to getting started.
Conclusion:
Part b:
What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is a term referred to storing and accessing data over the internet. It doesn’t
store any data on the hard disk of your personal computer. In cloud computing, you can access
data from a remote server.
What is AWS?
The full form of AWS is Amazon Web Services. It is a platform that offers flexible, reliable,
scalable, easy-to-use and, cost-effective cloud computing solutions.

AWS is a comprehensive, easy to use computing platform offered Amazon. The platform is
developed with a combination of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS)
and packaged software as a service (SaaS) offerings.
It is a secure cloud services platform, offering compute power, database storage, content
delivery and other functionality to help businesses scale and grow.
In simple words AWS allows you to do the following things- Running web and application
servers in the cloud to host dynamic websites.
History of AWS
• 2002- AWS services launched
• 2006- Launched its cloud products
• 2012- Holds first customer event
• 2015- Reveals revenues achieved of $4.6 billion
• 2016- Surpassed $10 billon revenue target
• 2016- Release snowball and snowmobile
• 2019- Offers nearly 100 cloud services
• 2021- AWS comprises over 200 products and services
Important AWS Services

Amazon Web Services offers a wide range of different business purpose global cloud-based
products. The products include storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, development
tools, enterprise applications, with a pay-as-you-go pricing model.
Applications of AWS services

Amazon Web services are widely used for various computing purposes like:
• Web site hosting
• Application hosting/SaaS hosting
• Media Sharing (Image/ Video)
• Mobile and Social Applications
• Content delivery and Media Distribution
• Storage, backup, and disaster recovery
• Development and test environments
• Academic Computing
• Search Engines
• Social Networking
Creating an AWS Account is the first step you need to take in order to learn Amazon Web
Services.
Steps to follow are as follows :
Step 1 – Visiting the Signup Page

Go to https://aws.amazon.com
You should see something like below:


In order to continue, click the Complete Sign Up button in the middle of the screen or on the
top right corner of the screen. You will see the below screen.
Step 2 – Entering User Details

After you have chosen to Create a new AWS account, you will see the below screen asking
for few details.

You can fill up the details as per your requirements and click Continue.
Next you will be asked to fill up your contact details such contact number, country, address
and so on. You should fill them up properly because your contact number is important for
further steps.
After filling up the details, click on the Create Account and Continue button at the bottom of
the form.
Step 3 – Filling up the Credit Card details

For Creating an AWS Account, you need to enter your Credit Card details.

After entering the details, click on Secure Submit button. It might take a while to process the
request depending on your bank/credit card company servers.
Step 4 – Identity Confirmation

Once the credit card details are confirmed, you will need to complete the Identity
Confirmation step. You will see the below screen:
Once you have verified successfully, you should see a screen like below:

Step 5 – Selecting a Support Plan


Go for Basic Plan. It is Free of cost and great for learning purposes.
The other plans are Developer Plan and a Business Plan. But both of them are paid options.
Once you select your plan, you will see the below Welcome screen. From here on, you can
Sign in to your AWS Console.
Finally, after logging in, you should be able to see the AWS Management Console as below:
If you have reached this far, you have successfully finished Creating an AWS Account.

Deployment Steps:
Step 1: Launch a Windows Server Amazon EC2 instance.

Step 2: Configure your source content to deploy to the Windows Server Amazon EC2
instance.
Step 3: Upload your "hello, world!" ...
Step 4: Deploy your Hello World application.
Step 5: Update and redeploy your "hello, world!" ...
Step 6: Clean up your "hello, world!"
Conclusion :

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MET’S, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Institute of Engineering

Department of Information Technology

Class: TE Year 2021-2022

1. To understand basic concepts of web programming and scripting languages.

On completion of the course, students will be able to–

Class: TE Year 2021-2022

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

A simple HTML Document

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

▪ The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5

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• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

Simple CSS example

<h1>My First CSS Example</h1>

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AJAX is based on the following open standards −

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• Behind-the-scenes data fetches using XMLHttpRequest objects in the browser.

AJAX cannot work independently. It is used in combination with other

Fig 1. How AJAX works

AJAX – Events : onreadystatechange Event Properties

It is called whenever readystate attribute changes. It must not be used

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represents the state of the request. It ranges from 0 to 4.

XMLHttpRequest object properties

readyState An integer from 0. . .4. (0 means the call is uninitialized, 4 means

responseText Data returned from the server as a text string (read-only).

status HTTP status code returned by the server

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statusText HTTP status phrase returned by the server

XMLHttpRequest object methods

open('method', 'URL', asyn) Specifies the HTTP method to be used (GET or

setRequestHeader('x','y') Sets a parameter and value pair x=y and assigns it

getAllResponseHeaders() Returns all headers as a string.

getResponseHeader(x) Returns header x as a string.

abort() Stops the current operation.

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• Tracking code changes

2. What does Git do?

• Manage projects with Repositories

3. Working with Git

• Initialize Git on a folder, making it a Repository

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• When a file is changed, added or deleted, it is considered modified

• Over 70% of developers use Git!

• Git is not the same as GitHub.

6. Steps to Push and PULL version control repository to GitHub

Step Command Description

3 git config --global user.name Configure Git

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Initialized empty Git repository in

20 git remote add origin

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