ORM2BJ (D) 22-3 - Session 11

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Operations Management II (ORM2BJ[D]22-3)

Session 11 → Toyota Production System (Article)


+ Waiting Line Management (Basics)
Toyota Production System (TPS) –
Spear & Bowen (1999)
◼ Countermeasure vs. Solution
◼ View on Inventory quantity and types

◼ Four rules of TPS


◼ How people work
◼ How people connect
◼ How the production line is constructed
◼ How to improve

◼ Experiments of the TPS

Dipankar Bose - XLRI


How Line is Constructed? How People
Work?
Raw Material M/C 1 M/C 2 M/C 3 M/C 4 Final Product

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Raw Material M/C 1 M/C 2 M/C 4 Final Product

All Steps Were Necessary

Raw Material M/C 1 M/C 2 M/C 3 M/C 4 Final Product

All Steps Were Sufficient M/C X

SOP is followed Correct Output

Wrong Output
SOP is correct Dipankar Bose - XLRI
How People Connect

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How People Connect

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Topic: Waiting Line Management

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Waiting Line Management

◼ Considered as non-value added


◼ More important for service

◼ Problem occurs due to randomness in arrival/service

◼ Objective → Minimize (Cost of waiting + Cost of capacity)

◼ Channel and Phase

◼ Special cases
◼ Balking/Reneging/Jockeying

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Important Factors for Choosing Model

◼ Population source
◼ Line/QUEUE versus SYSTEM
◼ Finite/ Infinite
◼ Number of servers
◼ Single/Multiple
◼ Parallel/Series
◼ Arrival & Service pattern assumptions
◼ Rate → Poisson; Inter-arrival time → Exponential
◼ When waiting occurs?
◼ Procedure → If assumptions are not valid
◼ Service policy
◼ FCFS/Priority rules (Not covered)
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Common Models for Waiting Line

◼ Infinite population
◼ Single Channel
◼ Service Rate – Poisson → M/M/1
◼ Service Rate – Constant → M/D/1
◼ Multiple Channel
◼ Service Rate – Poisson → M/M/S

◼ Approximation/General model for infinite population

◼ Finite population

Dipankar Bose - XLRI


ORM2BJ[D]22-3 – Quiz 3 Details

◼ Syllabus (Sessions 08-11)


◼ Comment type (5-10 marks)
◼ Numerical (10-15 marks)

◼ Date – February 21, 2023


◼ Time– 1 hour 15 minutes (9:15 AM to 10:30 AM)

◼ Important instructions
◼ Mode – Pen and Paper
◼ Notes/Photocopies/Print outs allowed
◼ Calculator allowed
◼ Laptop NOT allowed
◼ Textbook NOT needed Dipankar Bose - XLRI

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