Correction: The Fourth Pillar of PCJS

THE FOURTH
PILLAR
CORRECTION
What are the general functions of corrections in
relation to the administration of CJS?
1. To maintain the institutions. The correctional
component is responsible for maintaining prisons,
jails, and other institutional facilities to receive
convicted offenders sentenced to periods of
incarceration;
2. To protect law abiding members of society.
Correction is responsible for providing custody and
security in order to keep sentenced offenders removed
from the free world so that they cannot commit further
crimes on society:
3. To reform offenders. Corrections is
responsible developing and providing
services to assist incarcerated offenders to
reform and assist them in returning to society
and in leading a non-criminal life after his/her
release;
4. To deter crimes. Corrections is responsible
for encouraging incarcerated and potential
offenders to lead law-abiding lives

When does correction enter into the picture
in the administration of the CJS?

Correctional institutions enter into the
picture, as a rule, when the conviction of the
accused has become final and executory.
That is, when the judicial process has been
completed and the court issues a MITTIMUS
for the enforcement of its decision.

What is meant by mittimus?

Mittimus is a warrant issued by a court bearing its
seal and the signature of the judge directing the jail
or prison authorities to receive the convicted
offender for service of sentence.

What is meant by commitment order?

A commitment order is a written order of a court or
authority consigning a person to jail or prison for
detention.

What are the purposes of correction?

1. Deterrence
2. Rehabilitation
3. Reintegration
4. Isolation and Incapacitation
5. Punishment.
Explain the concept of deterrence.
Deterrence is one of the most meaningful principles of
corrections. Its concept is that punishing the criminal
will reduce the incidence of criminal behavior in a society

What are the two major applications of deterrence?

1. The concept of general deterrence. This can be thought of as
the power of criminal law and the agencies of criminal justice to
deter offenders from committing crimes.

2. The concept of special deterrence. This form of deterrence,
theoretically, is designed to prevent further crimes by someone
who has already experienced the sanctions imposed by the law
through the mechanisms of the courts and imprisonment.

What are the justification of punishment?

(a) Retribution-or personal vengeance

(b) Expiation or Atonement
(c) Deterrence
(d) Protection
(e) Reformation.
Enumerate the limitation of punishment?
1. Makes the criminal cautious in concealing his criminal activities
resulting to unsolved crimes;

2. Stigmatizes the criminal and isolates him from society:
3. Makes him a martyr or a hero;
4. Develop in the criminal an anti-social grudge and strong resentment to
authority:
5. Punishment does not deter, repair damage to society or reconstruct the
personality of the offender.
What is executive clemency?
1. Reprieves- A reprieve postpones the execution of an offense to a latter
date.
2. Commutations- Commutation is a remission of a part of the
punishment; a substitution of a less penalty for the one originally
imposed.201
3. Pardons- Pardon is an act of grace, proceeding from the
power entrusted with the execution with the laws, which
exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed from the
punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has committed.

4. Remission of fines and forfeitures- As the term suggests it
is self-explanatory. However, it merely prevents the collection
of fines or the confiscation of forfeited property.

5. amnesty- Amnesty is "commonly denoted the general
pardon to rebels for their treason and other high political
offenses," or the forgiveness which one sovereign grants to
the subjects of another, who have offended by some breach
of the law of nations."

What are the two kinds of pardon?
(a) Absolute Pardon- when the convict is released without any condition;
(b) Conditional Pardon- when the release of the convict is subject to certain
conditions that the pardon must comply with strictly. Otherwise, such pardon
will be revoked. This is so, because pardon is a contract which the convict may
or may not accept, but once accepted, he has to abide with the conditions
prescribed.

What is an indeterminate sentence?

It is a kind of correction and rehabilitation where the focus is on the early
release of the sentenced prisoner after serving the minimum of his
sentence as previously determined by the court based on the guidelines
provided by law.
Explain the concept of parole.
Parole is a procedure by which prisoners are selected
for release on the basis of the individual response to
the correctional institution and the service progress
and by which they are provided with the necessary
controls and guidance as they serve the remainder
of their sentences within the free community.

What are the elements of parole?
a) That the offender has been convicted;

(b) That he served part of his sentence in prison;
(c) That he will be released before the full expiration of his
sentence;
(d) That said release is conditional; and
(e) That he remains on parole until the expiration of his
maximum sentence.
What is probation?
Probation is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction
and sentence, is released subject to the conditions imposed by the
court and to the supervision of a probation officer.

What are the purposes of probation?

(a) Promote the correction and rehabilitation of an offender by
providing him with individualized treatment;
(b) Provide an opportunity for the reformation of a penitent offender
which might be less probable if he were to serve a prison sentence;
and
(c) Prevent the commission of offense.208
What is a jail?
Jails serve as the portal to the criminal justice system. It is an
important indicator of the interest and concern with justice,
punishment, and rehabilitation expressed by society and the local
community.

What is the effect of overcrowding in jails?

The problem of overcrowding in jails may be in some important ways be
worse than prison overcrowding. Jails are not adequately set up to
house inmates for long periods of time.

TYPES OF JAIL.
LOCK UP- this is a security facility; usually operated by the police
stations, for the temporary detentions of persons held for
investigation or awaiting preliminary investigation before the
prosecutor;
ORDINARY JAIL- The place of confinement for detention
prisoners and sentenced prisoners serving short sentences;
WORKHOUSES, JAIL FARMS or CAMP - These institutions house
the minimum custody offenders serving short sentences.

What are the classifications of prisoner as to the place of
confinement?

1. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS - Those whose sentences are from
one day to six months. Their place of confinement is in the
Municipal Jail;

2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS - Those whose sentences are
from six months and one day to three years. Their place of
confinement is in the Provincial Jails;

2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS - Those whose sentences are from six months
and one day to three years. Their place of confinement is in the Provincial
Jails;
3. CITY PRISONERS - Those whose sentences are from one day to three years.
Their place of confinement is the City Jail;
4. INSULAR PRISONERS - Those whose sentences are more than three years
to death penalty. Their place of confinement is at the National Bureau of
Prisons in Muntinlupa.
THANK YOU!!
GROUP MEMBER
Cosepe, Judelyn A.
Dalida, Mark Lester
Bermas, Rovic John G.

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THE FOURTH

responsible developing and providing

services to assist incarcerated offenders to

reform and assist them in returning to society

and in leading a non-criminal life after his/her

for encouraging incarcerated and potential

offenders to lead law-abiding lives

in the administration of the CJS?

Correctional institutions enter into the

picture, as a rule, when the conviction of the

accused has become final and executory.

That is, when the judicial process has been

completed and the court issues a MITTIMUS

for the enforcement of its decision.

Mittimus is a warrant issued by a court bearing its

seal and the signature of the judge directing the jail

or prison authorities to receive the convicted

offender for service of sentence.

What is meant by commitment order?

A commitment order is a written order of a court or

authority consigning a person to jail or prison for

What are the purposes of correction?

Explain the concept of deterrence.

Deterrence is one of the most meaningful principles of

corrections. Its concept is that punishing the criminal

will reduce the incidence of criminal behavior in a society

1. The concept of general deterrence. This can be thought of as

the power of criminal law and the agencies of criminal justice to

deter offenders from committing crimes.

2. The concept of special deterrence. This form of deterrence,

theoretically, is designed to prevent further crimes by someone

who has already experienced the sanctions imposed by the law

through the mechanisms of the courts and imprisonment.

(a) Retribution-or personal vengeance

Enumerate the limitation of punishment?

1. Makes the criminal cautious in concealing his criminal activities

resulting to unsolved crimes;

personality of the offender.

What is executive clemency?

1. Reprieves- A reprieve postpones the execution of an offense to a latter

punishment; a substitution of a less penalty for the one originally

power entrusted with the execution with the laws, which

exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed from the

punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has committed.

is self-explanatory. However, it merely prevents the collection

of fines or the confiscation of forfeited property.

pardon to rebels for their treason and other high political

offenses," or the forgiveness which one sovereign grants to

the subjects of another, who have offended by some breach

of the law of nations."

What is an indeterminate sentence?

release of the sentenced prisoner after serving the minimum of his

sentence as previously determined by the court based on the guidelines

Parole is a procedure by which prisoners are selected

for release on the basis of the individual response to

the correctional institution and the service progress

and by which they are provided with the necessary

controls and guidance as they serve the remainder

of their sentences within the free community.