ORGANISATIONAL STUDY AT ON AIRFIBER NETWORK PVT LTD.

HOSUR

NETWORK
A SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE ANNA UNIVERSITY

𝕴𝖓 𝖕𝖆𝖗𝖙𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝖋𝖚𝖑𝖋𝖎𝖑𝖒𝖊𝖓𝖙 𝖋𝖔𝖗 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖆𝖜𝖆𝖗𝖉 𝖔𝖋 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖉𝖊𝖌𝖗𝖊𝖊

𝖔𝖋

𝑀𝒜𝒮𝒯𝐸𝑅 𝒪𝐹 𝐵𝒰𝒮𝐼𝒩𝐸𝒮𝒮 𝒜𝒟𝑀𝐼𝒩𝐼𝒮𝒯𝑅𝒜𝒯𝐼𝒪𝒩

𝓢𝓾𝓫𝓶𝓲𝓽𝓽𝓮𝓭 𝓫𝔂

𝐻𝒜𝑅𝐼𝒮𝐻𝒦𝒰𝑀𝒜𝑅.𝒩
𝓡𝓔𝓖 𝓝𝓞:610421631018

UNDER SUPERVISION AND GUIDANCE OF

𝒢.𝒮𝒜𝑅𝒜𝒱𝒜𝒩𝒜𝒩,𝑀𝐵𝒜,𝑀.𝒫𝐻𝐼𝐿.

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A STANDALONE MBA INSTITUTION

KRISHNAGIRI

ANNA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI.600025

AUGUST_2022
 COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

A STANDALONE MBA INSTITUTION

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Sappanipatti NH-7, Karagur (PO), Krishnagiri-635111. Tamilnadu, India.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certify that this project titled “A SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT ON UNIQUE PEST
MANAGEMENT” is the bonafide work of N.HARISHKUMAR who carried out the
Summer Internship training under my supervision. Further, that to the best of my
knowledge the work reported here in does not form part of any other report or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or an award was conferred on an earlier
occasion on this or any other candidate.

Project Guide
Principal Head of the department

Submitted to project and viva examination held on

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL

EXAMINER
 CONTENT

1. Introduction…………………………………………………….......
2. Industry Profile………………….…………….………………........
3. Company Profile……………………………………………….......
4. Organizational Hierarchy
4.1 Organizational Chart…………………………………...…...
5. Study of Functional Departments
5.1 Finance Department…………………………………………
5.2 Marketing Department………………………………………
5.3 Human Resource Department……………………………….
5.4 IT Department ………………………………………………
6. SWOT Analysis…………………………………………………….
7. Summary of Findings………………………………………………
8. Conclusions and Suggestions………………………………………
 INTRODUCTION

Airfiber is a Category ‘A’ Internet Service Providers (ISP), engaged in

providing internet and other related value added services to its
customers under the brand I-On. Incorporated in 2015 with the objective
of providing integrated telecom and IT services, Airfiber has positioned
itself as a technology partner for its customers. They provide wireless
broadband access and a suite of value added services with a distinctive
delivery mechanism based on the “build own and operative model”.

Airfiber has the privilege of setting up perhaps India’s The seamless

network is spread over approx. 10sq. kms and is capable of supporting
15000 subscribers. The network already has 10k subscribers who can
access Internet and other value added services .

Airfiber is very much aware of the security exposure of Wi-Fi services

especially as medium to access Internet. In the line with the need of the
hour, Airfiber has drawn up a plan to comply with several of standards,
both from the network security and from the policy / procedure /
standards perspective.

Airfiber is currently implementing ISO: 27001. The framework touches

each and every aspects of Airfiber activity, services and delivery; thereby
ensuring that the quality of services standard is consistently met and
adhered to Airfiber ensures that the services are free of known malicious
activities.
1.1Directors of AIRFIBER NETWORK PVT LTD

DIN NAME Designation Appointment

date
07297623 Sasi dev .M.G Managing 27 oct 2015
Director
07297629 Sundararajan .R Managing 27 oct 2015
Director

1.2 Need for the Study:-

Airfiber Network Pvt LTD is the well growing organization in the market
especially in the internet services. To know how the each and every
department in the organization functions. The techniques and strategies used
by the organization.
The company mainly provide internet services to its customers.
The present study was concentrated on working capital management at
Airfiber Network Pvt LTD. Because working capital is very important for every
organization, either it is big or small. It shows the liquidity position of the
company, as it involves only current assets and current liabilities are those
which can be converted into cash in days or weeks. So studying the current
cash position, etc. is very useful in planning future activities of the
organization.

1.3 Best practices of the company:-

 Company adapt the technique of the zero investment by the customer

for procuring the products and services of the company.
 They follow the niche marketing strategy for the promotion of the
products and services.
  The adoption of the 24/7 customer services and the quick monitoring
the connection problems in the internet.
 The good work place for the employee’s to accomplish the targets.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:-

The Scope of my study is confined to all the working departments in the
organization. The study concentrates on the methods and techniques followed
by the AIRFIBER and its relative merits and demerits.
How the work are to be accomplish in the each department and the
functions of it are consider to be the main factor for the study. The work place
ethics and work environment important for the organization.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-

 To know the working capital management of the firm through

operating cycle period.
 To study sensitivity of components of operating cycle period.
 To make relationship between different components in operating
cycle period
 To find out the current assets investment policy of the firm.
 To the reasons to increase/decrease current assets in the firm.
 To know networking capital of the firm.
 To know the fluctuation operating cycle period influence of
turnover of the firm.
 To study the functions of all the departments.
1.6 METHODOLOGY:-

 Had discussions with concerned executives of all the Functional

Department regarding the , its performance, and its system of working
capital management with regard to current assets and changes in
working capital gap.
 Made a relative study of the concepts in practice in Airfiber.
  Finally conclusions and suggestions have been drawn based upon the
calculations.
 To achieve the above objectives information was collected from both
primary and secondary sources.
 Data was collected from the annual reports and records of Airfiber
discussions were held with the personnel of the marketing and other
departments of the company.
 The material was gathers about the internet broadband from various
websites and books about the internet service providers.

1.7 LIMITATIONS:-

 The data made available by the Airfiber Network Pvt LTD to the extent of
annual reports, which are used extensively throughout report.
 The time limit for project is only their 30 days for that does not cover all
related fields.

INDUSTRY PROFILE

INDUSRTY PROFILE
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for
accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. Internet service providers may
be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-
profit, or otherwise privately owned.

Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet

transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, colocation.

2.1 HISTORY:-
 The Internet was developed as a network between government
research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late
1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the
Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the
introduction of the World Wide Web.
In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia, and the United
States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial
ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989.
On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content
providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net
neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be
municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and
technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to
consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow
broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify
broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality.
On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC
reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order
to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented
legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes
concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the
goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On
31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of
applying ("with some caveats") Title II (common carrier) of the
Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February
2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of
information to one of telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler,
chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce
net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.
On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by
adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and
Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC
Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the
Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both
stand for the same concept."
 On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net
neutrality rules. On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new
"Net Neutrality" regulations.

2.2 CLASSIFICATION:-

 Access providers
ISP ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of
technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have
ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to
television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi), and fiber optics.
For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper
wires to provide dial-up, DSL (typically asymmetric digital subscriber line
(ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically
basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber to the Home
or similar names.
For customers with more demanding requirements (such as
medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as
single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet,
gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchronous optical networking (SONET).
Wireless access is another option, including satellite Internet
access.
 Edge providers
Edge providers create Internet content.

 Mailbox providers
A mailbox provider is an organization that provides
services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail
boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for
end users or other organizations.
Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while
others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, post box). The
definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the
relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and
individuals that manage their mail servers themselves. The task is typically
accomplished by implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and
possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access
Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.
 Hosting ISPs
Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or
online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or
physical server operation.

 Transit ISPs
 Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs
themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has
a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting
ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no
access to.
In the simplest case, a single connection is established to
an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet
beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded
multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often
more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PPoe) may have
separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PPoes, or they may be
customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of
them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of
bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.

 Virtual ISPs
A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services
from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow
the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure
owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual
network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice
communications.
 Free ISPs
Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide
service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is
connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's
attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called free nets, are run
on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.
 Wireless ISP
A wireless internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service
provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may
include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary
equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7,
and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz
(NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.
 Peering
ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at
peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data
between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted
—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP,
incurring charges from the upstream ISP.
ISPs requiring no upstream and having only customers (end
customers and/or peer ISPs) are called Tier 1 ISPs.

Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the

expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that
data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably.
A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.

Law enforcement and intelligence assistance

Internet service providers in many countries are legally

required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
(CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all
of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs
are subject to monitoring by intelligence agencies. In the U.S., a controversial
National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad
monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential
violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United
States Constitution. Modern ISPs integrate a wide array of surveillance and
packet sniffing equipment into their networks, which then feeds the data to
lawenforcement/ intelligence networks (such as DCS Net in the United States,
or SORM in Russia) allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time.

 Internet Users

 World-wide internet users

 2015 2019 2022
World population 6.5 6.9 8.9
billions billions billions
Not using the Internet 84% 70% 80%
Using Internet 16% 40% 60%
User in the developed 8% 21% 42%
countries
User in the undeveloped 51% 67% 89%
countries

 Internet users by region

2015 2019 2022

Africa 19% 32% 53%
America 65% 72% 89%
Arab states 41% 60% 70%
Asia and pacific 32% 57% 65%
Common wealth of 56% 81% 93%
independent states
Europe 75% 90% 97%

2.3 History
 in India India's telecommunication network is the second largest in
the world based on the total number of telephone users (both fixed and
mobile phone). It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world enabled by the
mega telephone networks and hypercompetition among them. It has the
world's third-largest Internet user-base. According to the Internet and Mobile
Association of India (IAMAI), the Internet user base in the country stood at 190
million at the end of June, 2013. Major sectors of the Indian
telecommunication industry are telephony, internet and television broadcast
Industry in the country which is in an ongoing process of transforming into
next generation network, employs an extensive system of modern network
elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centers, media
gateways and signaling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety
of transmission systems using fiber-optics or Microwave radio relay networks.
The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly
diversified with different copper-pair, optic-fiber and wireless technologies.
DTH, a relatively new broadcasting technology has attained significant
popularity in the Television segment. The introduction of private FM has given
a fillip to the radio broadcasting in India. Telecommunication in India has
greatly been supported by the INSAT system of the country, one of the largest
domestic satellite systems in the world. India possesses a diversified
communications system, which links all parts of the country by telephone,
Internet, radio, television and satellite.
Indian telecom industry underwent a high pace of market liberalization and
growth since the 1990s and now has become the world's most competitive and
one of the fastest growing telecom markets. The Industry has grown over
twenty times in just ten years, from under 37 million subscribers in the year
2001 to over 846 million subscribers in the year 2011. India has the world's
second-largest mobile phone user base with over 929.37 million users as of
May 2012. It has the world's third-largest Internet user-base with over 137
million as of June 2012.
The total revenue of the Indian telecom sector grew by 7% to ₹2832 billion
(US$45 billion) for 2010–11 financial year, while revenues from telecom
equipment segment stood at ₹1170 billion (US$19 billion).
Telecommunication has supported the socioeconomic development of India
and has played a significant role to narrow down the rural-urban digital divide
to some extent. It also has helped to increase the transparency of governance
with the introduction of egovernance in India. The government has
pragmatically used modern telecommunication facilities to deliver mass
education programs for the rural folk of India.

Market share of major companies

ISP Market Share

Airtel 20.30%
Vodafone 11.54%
BSNL 27.54%
Jio 11.86%
Idea 11.87%
Other 16.88%

2.4 Characteristics of ISP Services

Different ISPs offer different services depending on how big they are
and the infrastructure of their networks. Mainly, providers can be categorized
by their method of physical Internet access, the applications they provide, and
the security services they provide.
The following physical access methods are the most commonly deployed
throughout the Internet:
• Leased lines—Leased lines could be provided at 500 mbpsor1GH, with
increments of500 mps or 1GH the higher-end of the bandwidth scale. Leased
lines are usually used when traffic bandwidth is predictable and the frequency
of network access is high enough to justify a line being up 24 hours a day. Of
course, the trade-off is the cost, which is higher than any other connection
type.
 • Frame relay—Frame relay connections are one of the most
economical ways for corporations to hook up to the Internet. Purchasing
sufficient point-to-point leased line connections can be prohibitively expensive
for some companies, in which case they may want to consider connecting to
existing frame relay backbones on a per-need basis. With frame relay,
corporations can buy enough bandwidth to meet their existing needs and to
easily expand as traffic requirements increase. The trade-off is that you are
limited by the bandwidth offered by your provider. Other wide area network
services such as ATM are starting to be used and recognized, but do not have
the success that frame relay has experienced.
• Dialup services- This includes Asynchronous dialup at 9.6, 14.4,
and 28.8 Kbps, ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI), or Primary Rate Interface (PRI).
Dialup services range from serving individual users to serving corporations that
are subcontracting with providers to obtain all their remote login needs. ISDN
BRI and PRI services have experienced great growth lately due to their on-
demand nature and their capability to carry digital signaling essential for
multimedia services.
Prices for ISP services are often predicated on physical access
methods, as discussed further in the next section. Customers need to weigh
costs and benefits of the different options against their needs.
Almost every single provider offers the following basic services:
electronic mail, Usenet newsgroups, ftp, Gopher retrieval, and Wide Area
Information Servers (WAIS) resource discovery tool. In addition, due to the
phenomenal popularity of the World Wide Web, most ISPs provide this service
in one form or another. Customers who do not want to maintain an in-house
WWW server can buy space from a shared server on the ISP's premises. Some
ISPs are even offering total Web solutions for companies that need a total
package, such as advertising, enabling customers to order online, updating
inventory, billing, and shipping.
ISPs can offer consulting for different security services. The
easiest service would be providing packet filtering on the router level. More
security measures involve firewalls and, usually, additional fees. ISPs can
integrate their own firewalls or help you configure firewalls that you buy from
outside vendors.
ISP Backbone Selection Criteria
 An ISP's backbone encompasses many important technical
characteristics. These include physical network topology—connections,
network bottlenecks, level of redundancy, distance from destination networks
—and traffic exchange agreements. This section is aimed at both customers
and designers of ISPs. Customers should certainly evaluate these
characteristics in choosing a provider; they are far more important than prices
in predicting service quality. Designers should consider the potential benefits
and pitfalls associated with these characteristics when setting up or expanding
their networks.
Physical Connections
Customers should investigate the provider's physical connections,
and the provider should be able to show a decent map of the network, with
every connection indicated. With respect to connections, a healthy physical
topology is one that can provide consistent, adequate bandwidth for the whole
traffic trajectory. The existence of highspeed links such as T3 and OC3/12 does
not by itself guarantee overall high-speed access for the customer. Your traffic
might flow on the provider's network over some backdoor T1 or frame relay
clouds that might slow down the overall access.

Potential ISP Bottlenecks

The provider's network is only as strong as its weakest link. A
provider should not oversubscribe its connections. ISPs that save money by
overloading their routers or their connections will end up losing customers and
credibility in the long run.
Oversubscribing happens when the cumulative traffic of multiple links
exceeds the bandwidth of the pipe used to carry the traffic to the rest of the
Internet. A provider selling 20 T1s at the POP (Point Of Presence) and
connecting to the NAP via a T1 link will experience a bottleneck at the NAP
connection. As illustrated in figure 2-1, a rule of thumb is a 5 to 1 ratio: there
should be no more than five T1 links for each T1 pipe. Even this ratio might not
be accurate if most of the T1s get heavily loaded all at the same time. For ISP
network designers, a better approach is to monitor the pipe and to start
adding bandwidth whenever line utilization starts exceeding 50 percent of the
pipe's capacity.
Level of ISP Internet Access Redundancy
Murphy is out there, ready to make your life miserable. Whether
because of bad weather, carrier problems, or bad luck, an ISP's connection to a
NAP or another POP might go down from time to time, with the potential for
leaving customers without service. A redundant network will enable traffic to
take another route until the problem is fixed. A well-designed ISP network is a
network that has its POPs connected to multiple NAPs or to multiple other
POPs, as illustrated in figure 2-3.
Distance to Destinations
Customers should be concerned with the number of hops—that is,
the number of interim networks—needed to reach a destination network
through their ISP. In general, the more hops, the more potential for traffic to
get delayed, misdirected, or garbled. The distance to destinations depends on
how the provider is connected to the NAPs. As you know by now, the Internet
is a set of overlapping backbones from different providers, with the NAPs being
the crossover between one provider and another. Small providers might
connect to only one NAP or might not connect to any NAPs at all. In the latter
case, a provider could offer service by being the customer of another provider
who is connected to the NAP.
In general, providers that claim less than five hops to a destination are
those who are connected to most of the NAPs and have a widespread
backbone. Smaller resellers tap into major providers, and the traffic might end
up hopping a couple of different backbones before reaching the final
destination.
Traffic Exchange Agreements
It is important that an ISP be part of all traffic exchange
agreements, such as the CIX. Every ISP has to pay its due; there is no free lunch
out there. If an ISP is not part of an interexchange agreement with other ISPs,
its traffic might be denied when it reaches other providers' networks.

Demarcation Point
Finally, in addition to pricing and backbone issues, customers
will want to consider demarcation point (DP) issues in selecting an ISP and
forming an agreement. A demarcation point is the point that differentiates the
provider's network from the customer's network, as illustrated in figure 2-4. It
is important to differentiate between the areas of responsibility of both
parties, provider and customer. Demarcation points are defined down to the
cables and connectors to make sure that no arguments occur in case of
equipment or network problems.
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) usually includes the
router, the CSU/DSU, the cabling, and probably an analog modem for
monitoring. ISPs typically offer customers the choice of buying the CPE and the
access line, buying just the access line, or just paying a monthly fee with all
equipment and access needs taken care of by the ISP.

Any arrangement is available at a price. ISPs usually are

responsible for maintaining equipment or packages that they provide. An ISP
might have a predefined package that includes CPE and/or access. If the
customer does not want to take the package, then the customer would be
required to choose equipment that is pre-approved by the ISP. The customer
would then be responsible for troubleshooting and maintaining its own
equipment. The provider is always available to solve problems at an extra
charge. Figures 2-5 through 2-7 illustrate some examples of ISP packages.
Router Collocation
Collocation is the act of placing one party's equipment
on another party's premises. An example of collocation is putting the
customer's router on the provider's site, as illustrated in figure 2-8. The
customer motivation for such a collocation scheme would be to have the ISP
provide local monitoring of the equipment. Usually ISPs do not like to put
customer routers on their premises unless they really have to in order to
satisfy the customer. Real estate is becoming a real issue, and the ISPs are
having problems finding places for their own equipment at the POP.
Looking Ahead
Technical characteristics of an ISP's network have
significant repercussions for the customer's service, including the quality of
routing architecture. Because the customer might not have direct control over
some of these technical characteristics, it is critical that the customer at least
evaluate them and make sure that they will deliver the required connectivity
and quality.
If you are an ISP customer whose demarcation point and
collocation agreements stipulate that you are running and maintaining
equipment on your premises—even if you do not own it outright—you are
likely to be taking a significant hands-on role in developing the routing policies
and architecture for your network. Even if you are not running and maintaining
the equipment, there are decisions you will need to make and understand with
respect to routing architecture.
2.6 Challenges faced by the internet service providers
Given the significant transformation in the telecommunications industry
and the reduction in both top line revenues and margins, I would like to
present the top 10 challenges for Service Providers (SPs) going into 2014. I will
follow this up with somesuggested solutions in my next blog, including how to
address these problems, increase reserves and free up some much needed
cash.

1. Network Security:
Service providers are seeing significant strains on their
networks from malicious malware, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
attacks and Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). Large amounts of time,
cash and resources are being invested to address security on their
networks. The increase and sophistication of attacks has surpassed the
ability of current security solutions to keep up, thereby creating
significant network challenges for SPs.
2. Network Congestion:
How do you plan for capacity when mobility induces
temporary congestion and network traffic spikes with little warning? It is
all about network coverage - when you combine that with the balance
sheet of the company the SP with highest network pop coverage will be
the biggest winner.
3. All-You-Can-Eat Connectivity Services:
Good for content providers, but bad for SPs. OTT players are
increasing bandwidth at a rapid pace. Service providers can use the
 analytical data to extract knowledge and use that data to gain additional
top line revenue.
4. Peer-to-Peer Traffic:
It's growing fast, but there is no business model in sight to monetize
peer-to-peer traffic. This puts a significant strain on the service provider
network and will drive higher capex, impacting cash flow and reserves.
5. Over-the-Top Video:
Service providers see their networks being drained by this kind of
traffic. Video-on-demand delivery is using up large amounts of bandwidth with
no returns. The business model for OTT players needs to be optimized for
revenues. Allowing companies that produce video with no care for its
distribution will not scale and is already causing significant issues across
networks.
6) Flat ARPU:
There is a significant discrepancy between the growth
requirements and the capex requirements to support 50% growth year over
year. Add in Smart TV and IOT, and capex becomes a major factor in scaling
platforms for higher revenue.
7) IPv6:
This is a massive "must do" with no incremental revenue
attached. Many customers are beginning to demand IPv6 but the business case
is lacking. It will be very challenging for any SP CFO or CIO to view this as a cost
of doing business considering the costs involved.
8) Regulations:
Net neutrality is hampering a packet monetization solution
that could make service provider traffic more profitable. I just don’t see a pay
as you go business model being allowed by the regulators.
9) The Inability to Monetize Packet Traffic:
Service providers are living with lowmargin "dumb"-pipe
revenues while Google and others are gaining high- margin trafficvia over-the-
top applications. This isn't sustainable for SPs, especially on wireless networks
where spectrum is constrained.
10) Customer Churn:
When customers aren't happy, they churn. When they churn, service providers
lose money. As churn goes down with customer loyalty and satisfaction,
revenue should go up and costs should come down as well balancing nice top
line revenue along with superlative margin.
2.7 The list of top ISP providers in India State owned
 BSNL - servicing all of India except Mumbai and Delhi. FTTH, Triple-play
Broadband Services provided by ADSL and VDSL. Also providing internet
services over GPRS, 5G, as well as WiMax
 MTNL - servicing Mumbai and Delhi. Triple-play Broadband Services provided
by ADSL under the "Tri-Band" brand. Also providing GPRS and 5G internet
services.
The two companies are also pioneering 5G services in selected circles. BSNL
has also started EVDO services since November, 2007.
Privately owned, nationwide
 FDBS Fortunate Digital Broadband Service in Thane/Mumbai 9870649119
 TTN -TTN Broadband; FTTH Broadband and Leased Line Provider in Bangalore
.  Nextra - Broadband over Fiber; Download and Upload Speeds Up to
100Mbit/s.
 Spectranet - Broadband over Fiber Cable.
 ACT Broadband operating as Beam Fiber in HOSUR- Broadband over Fiber
Cable.
 Airlive Broadband
 Excell Broadband - Broadband in Hyderabad
 Airmesh- Next Generation Wireless Broadband,
 Aircel - GPRS &
 Hathway - Broadband over Cable
 DEN BOOM NET-Download and Upload Speeds Up to 100Mbit/s
 Idea cellular - GPRS & 3G
 Reliance Communications - ADSL, GPRS & 3G, Metro-Ethernet, CDMA/EVDO,
Wimax
 Reliance Industries - LTE (to be launched)
 Tata DoCoMo - Fiber Broadband, GPRS & 3G

 Tata Indicom - ADSL, CDMA/EV-DO, Metro-Ethernet, WiMax, GPON

 Vodafone - GPRS & 5G
Airfiber Broadband GPON 5G NOKIA
 Airtel- ADSL, GPRS, 5G GPON.
 You Broadband - Broadband over Cable.
 SwiftMail Communications Ltd
 Access Broadband
CONNECT Internet Service

Growth of internet subcribers including broadband

(Source: Internet Service Provider Association of India)

COMPANY PROFILE
 COMPANY PROFILE
The Company profile as follows:
Name of the firm Airfiber network PVT LTD.
Date of incorporation 27 oct 2015
Status Private company
Business Activity Service
Investment and Sources Self investment
Organisation Chart Organisation stucture
Corporates office Hosur
Accounts procedure General procedure
1. Trading and profit &loss
account
2. Balance sheet
Types of service BROADBAND SERVICE

Vision Statement:
To be amongst the preferred networking services providers
offering Comprehensive Secured and converged WAN solutions from design,
implementation to the management. By developing the best of breed
Technology.
Mission Statement:
To help the customers to achieve their business, by providing
innovative, best in class Networking solutions and services.
Values:
Committed to meet and exceed the customer Expectations by
delivering quality solutions and services. We strive hard to continually
improving the quality of service through shall up gradation and team work.
 ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY

Organizational Structure:
An organizational structure defines how activities such as task
allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards the achievement
of organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or
perspective through which individuals see their organization and its
environment.
Organizations are a variant of clustered entities. An organization
can be structured in many different ways, depending on their objectives. The
structure of an organization will determine the modes in which it operates and
performs.
Organizational structure allows the expressed allocation of
responsibilities for different functions and processes to different entities such
as the branch, department, work group and individual.
Organizational structure affects organizational action in two big ways :
 First, it provides the foundation on which standard operating
procedures and routines rest.
 Second, it determines which individuals get to participate in which
decisionmaking processes, and thus to what extent their views shape the
organization’s actions.
All managers must bear that there are two organizations they must
deal with-one formal and the other informal. The formal organization in
usually delineated by an organizational chart and job descriptions. The official
reporting relationships are clearly known to every manager.
Alongside the formal organization exists are informal organization which
is a set of evolving relationships and patterns of human interaction within an
organization that are not officially prescribed.

Formal organizational structures are categorized as:

(i) Line organizational structure.

 A line organization has only direct, vertical relationships
between different levels in the firm. There are only line departments-
departments directly involved in accomplishing the primary goal of the
organization. For example, in a typical firm, line departments include
production and marketing. In a line organization authority follows the chain of
command.
(ii) Staff or functional authority organizational structure.
The jobs or positions in an organization can be
categorized as:

(i) Line position:

A position in the direct chain of command that is
responsible for the achievement of an organization’s goals and
objectives.
(ii) Staff position:
A position intended to provide expertise, advice
and support for the line positions.

The line officers or managers have the direct

authority (known as line authority) to be exercised by them to
achieve the organizational goals. The staff officers or managers
have staff authority (i.e., authority to advice the line) over the
line. This is also known as functional authority.

An organization where staff departments have

authority over line personnel in narrow areas of specialization
is known as functional authority organization. Exhibit 10.4
illustrates a staff or functional authority organizational
structure.
(iii) Line and staff organizational structure.
Most large organizations belong to this type of
organizational structure. These organizations have direct,
vertical relationships between different levels and also
specialists responsible for advising and assisting line managers.
Such organizations have both line and staff departments. Staff
departments provide line people with advice and assistance in
 specialized areas (for example, quality control advising
production department).

(iv) Divisional organizational structure.

In this type of structure, the
organization can have different basis on which departments are
formed. They are:

(i) Function,
(ii) Product,
(iii) Geographic territory,
(iv) Project and Combination approach.
(v) Project organizational structure.

A project organization is a temporary organization designed

to achieve specific results by using teams of specialists from
different functional areas in the organization. The project
team focuses all its energies, resources and results on the
assigned project. Once the project has been completed, the
team members from various cross functional departments
may go back to their previous positions or may be assigned
to a new project. Some of the examples of projects are:
research and development projects, product development,
construction of a new plant, housing complex, shopping
complex, bridge etc.

(v) Committee organizational structure.

Committee is a group of people or work learns which
is formed to solve some specific problems or to attend some
specific objectives. The committee should be established
according to the rules and procedure of the organization.

(vi) Matrix organizational

 structure It is a permanent organization designed
to achieve specific results by using teams of specialists from
different functional areas in the organization.

(vii) Hybrid organizational structure.

Hybrid organizations are organizations whose
members include both governmental and nongovernmental
entities. At the international level, the most prominent of these
is IUCN - The World Conservation Union, the umbrella
organization.

The organizational chat is as follows:

Oraganizational chart
 STUDY OF FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS

5.1 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT:
Meaning of working capital:
Capital required for the business is divided into two aspects
 Fixed capital
 Working capital
Fixed capital:
It is the amount of money required to maintain the fixed assets of the
concern. Working capital: The amount of money to meet the day-to-day
transactions of the business is termed as working capital.
concepts of working capital
the concepts of working capital are:
 Gross Working Capita
 Net Working Capital

Gross Working Capital:

 It refers to the firm’s investment in the current assets.
Current assets are the assets, which can be easily converted
into cash within one accounting year. The gross working
capital focuses attention on two aspects of current assets
management.
  The way to optimize the investment in current assets.
 The opportunity to finance the current assets.
 Net Working Capital:
 It is the excess of current assets over the current liabilities. Current
liabilities are those claims of outsiders, which are expressed to mature
for payment within one accounting year. Net working capital can be
positive or negative. A positive Net Working Capital indicates the excess
of current assets over the current liabilities. A negative Net Working
Capital is a qualitative concept and indicates the liquidity position of the
firm. It suggests the extent to which the working capital may be financed
by permanent sources of funds.
 Approaches of Working Capital:
Depending on the mix of short and long-term financing, the
approach followed by any company fall under these three categories-
 Matching Approach
 Conservation Approach
 Aggressive Approach
Matching Approach:
It refers to the adoption of a financial plan, which matches
the expected life of the assets with the expected life of the source of funds
raised to finance assets. In this approach the long-term financing is used to
finance the fixed assets and permanent current assets. The short-term
financing will be used if the firm has the need of only fixed current assets.
Conservative Approach:
In this approach the financing of permanent assets and a part of
temporary current assets the idle amount of long-term financing can be
invested in the tradable securities and conserve liquidity.
Aggressive Approach:
In this approach the short-term financing is used more to finance a
part of its permanent current asserts. Sometimes in a more aggressive way the
short-term financing is used for financing the fixed assets.
SOURCES OF WORKING CAPITAL:
 The sources of finance for working capital are of two types. They
are permanent and temporary sources of working capital. The working capital
investments in minimum level of current assets are permanent working capital.
The working capital required to meet the seasonal contingencies is called
temporary (or) variable working capital.
The fixed proportion of working capital should be generally financed
from the fixed capital sources while the temporary (or) variable working capital
requirements of a concern from the short-term sources of finance.
Permanent Sources of Working Capital:
The permanent working capital source of finance is done for
having an uninterrupted finance of a long period. There are five important
sources of permanent working capital they are:
 Shares
 Debentures
 Public deposits
 Ploughing back of profits
 Loans from financial institutions
SHARES:
Generally a company should raise the maximum amount of working capital by
the issue of shares. The preferences carry a preferential right in respect of the
divided at a fixed rate. Equity shares do not have such obligation. A company
should not issue different shares according to the companies act.
DEBENTURES:
Debentures are an instrument issued by the company acknowledging
its debt to the holder. A fixed rate of interests is paid on the debentures
secured or paid in prior to the unsecured debenture holders. The company
enjoys tax benefits.
PUBLIC DEPOSITS:
They are the fixed deposits accepted by the business directly from
the public. It has both advantages and dangers. The R.B.I has also down certain
limits on the non-banking concerns.
Ploughing Back of Profits:
 It is an internal source of finance and reinvestment of the
surplus earnings of the business. It is the cheapest and cost-free sources of
finance. Excessive resort to ploughing back of profits leads to over
capitalization and speculation.
Loans and financial institutions:
Financial institutions like commercial banks, IFCI, LIC provide short-
term, medium-term, long-term source of finance suitable to meet the demand
of working capital. A fixed rate of interest is charged against such loans and is
paid by way of installments.
Temporary Sources of working Capital:
 Indigenous Bankers.
 Trade Credits.
 Installment Credits
 Advance.
 Accounts Receivable Credits.
 Accrued Expenses
 Deferred Expenses
 Commercial Paper
 Commercial Banks.
Indigenous Bankers:
These are the private moneylenders who charge high rate of
interest for the loan given by them. These Bankers are more prior to the
establishment of the commercial banks. Now we can fine a few.
Trade Credit:
It is the credit extended by the suppliers of goods in the normal
course of business. The credit worthiness of a firm and the confidence or its
suppliers is the main basis of securing trade credit. There are some advantages
such as convenient method of finance, flexibility as the credit increases.

Installment Credit
In this method the assets are purchased and the possession of good
is taken immediately but the payment is made in installments over a
predetermined period of time.
Advances:
Firms having ling production cycle take advances from their
customers and agents against their orders. This acts as a cheap source of
finance and minimizes their investment in working capital.
Account Receives able Credit:
It is the services offered to manage the financing of debts
arising out of the credit sales. This service is now available in India only on
recourse basis; it has certain limitations such as the cost of factoring is high
perception of financial weakness about the firm availing these services.
Deferred Incomes:
These are the funds of incomes received by the firm for which it
has to supply goods in future. These funds increase the liquidity of a firm and
constitute an important source of short-term finance.
Commercial paper:
It is unsecured promissory notes issued by the firm to raise short-term
funds. The maturity period of a commercial paper ranges from 91 to 180 days.
The drawback is that can be redeemed only after the maturity date.
Commercial Banks:
The commercial Banks are the most important short-term source
of finance that provides the major part of working capital loans. The different
forms in which the bank’s normally provide loans and advances are- loans,
cash credits overdrafts, purchasing and discounting bills.
The working capital management or short-term financial
management is concerned with decisions relating to current assets and current
liabilities. The key difference between long-term financial management and
short-term financial management is in terms of timing of cash. Long term
financial decisions (like buying capital equipment or issuing debentures)
involve cash flow an extended period of time (5 t0 15 or more) short-term
financial decisions typically involve cash flows within a year or within the
operation cycle of the firm. The working capital management is a significant
facet of the financial management. It is important stems from two reasons.
Investment in current assets and the level of current liabilities
have to gear quickly to changes in sales.
 The important of working capital management is reflected in the
fact that financial managers spend a great deal of time in managing current
assets and current liabilities. Arranging short-term financing, negotiating
favorable credit terms, controlling movement of cash, administrating accounts
receivable, and monitoring the investment in inventories consume a great deal
of time financial managers. The management of working capital depends upon
certain basic principles.

PRINCIPLES OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT:

In examining the management of current assets (i.e. working capital
management) certain principles have to be borne in the mind. These principles
are the answers that are to be sought to the following questions.
 The need of invests funds in the current assets.
 Amount of funds to be invested in each type of current assets.
 The required proportions of the long-term and short-term funds to
finance current assets.
 The appropriate sources of funds needed to finance the current assets.
 Constituent of Current Assets and Current Liabilities.

CURRENT ASSESTS CURRENT LIABILITIES

Inventories Sundry Creditors
Raw material and components Trade advances
Wok in progress Borrowings
Finished Goods Commercial Banks
Others Others
Trade debtor’ s Provisions
Loans and Advances
Investments
Cash and Bank Balances
SHORT LIFE SPAN AND SWIFT TRANSACTION
In management of working capital two characteristics of current
assets must be borne in mind.
 Short life span
 Shift transformation into other assets form.

Current assets have a short life span.

Cash balances are held idle for a week or two,

accounts receivable may have a life span of 30 to 60 days, and
inventories may be held for 30 to 100 days. The life span of current
assets depends upon the time required in the activities of procurement,
production sales and collection and the degree of synchronization
among them.

The nature of current assets is that they are swiftly

transformed into other assets form. Cash is used for acquiring raw
material. Raw materials are transformed into finished goods, finished
are generally sold on credit are converted into accounts receivable
finally accounts receivable, on realization, generate cash.
The swift transaction of current assets and the short life
span of the components of working capital can be seen in the current
assets cycle. However, this short life span and swift transformation has
certain implications.

 Decisions relating to working capital management are repetitive and

frequent
 The difference between profits and present value is insignificant.
 The close interaction among working capital components implies that
efficient management of one component cannot be undertaken without
simultaneous consideration of other components.

OPERATION CYCLE AND CASH CYCLE

Investment in working capital is influenced by four key
events in the production and sales cycle of the company.
  Purchase of raw material
 Payment of raw material
 Sale of finished goods
 Collection of cash for sales

These keys events affect the cash flows. The firm begins with the
purchase of raw material which is pain for after a delay, which is paid for
after delay and which represents the accounts payable period.
Customers pay their bills sometime after the sales the period that
elapses between the date of sales and the date of collection of
receivables is the accounts payable period (debit period).

CASH MANAGEMENT:-
Cash, the most liquid asset, is of vital importance to the daily
operations of the company. Cash management is concerned with the
managing of
 Cash flows into and out of the firm.
 Cash flows within the firm.
 Cash balance held by the firm at a point of time by financing deficit of
inventing surplus cash.

INFORMATION BARROW OR INVEST

AND CONTROL
PAYMENTS

COLLECTIONS

CASH MANAGEMENT CYCLE:

 Sales generate cash, which has to be disturbed out. The surplus
cash has to be invested while deficit has to be followed. Cash management
seems to accomplish this cycle at a minimum cost.
At the time, it also seeks to achieve liquidity and control. The
management of cash is important because it is difficult to predict cash flows
accurate particularly the inflows and that there is no perfect coincidence
between the inflows and outflows of the cash.
In order to resolve the uncertainness about the cash
flows, the firm should develop appropriate for cash management. The firm
should evolve strategies regarding the following four facts of cash
management.
 Cash planning; cash inflows and outflows should be planned to project
cash surplus or deficit for each period of the planned period.
 Managing the cash flows: the flows of the cash should be properly
managed.
 Optimum cash level: the firm should decide about the appropriate level
of cash balance.
 Investing surplus cash: the surplus cash balance should be properly
invested to earn profits.

MOTIVES FOR HOLDING CASH:

There are three possible motives for holding cash:
 Transitive.
 Precautionary
 Speculative.

TRANSITIVE MOTIVE:
Firm needs cash to meet their transaction needs. The collection
of cash is not perfectly synchronized with the disbursement of cash. Hence,
some cash balance is required as buffer.

PRECAUTIONARY MOTIVE:
 There may be some uncertainty about the magnitude and timing
of cash inflows from sales of goods and services, sales of goods and services,
sales of assets, and issuance of securities. To protect it against such
uncertainties, a firm may require some cash balance.

SPECULATION MOTIVE:
Firms would like to tap profit-making opportunities arising
from fluctuations in commodity prices, security prices, interest rates, and
foreign exchange rates. A cash rich firm is better prepared to exploit such
bargains. Hence, the financial manager should establish reliable forecasting
and reporting system improve cash collections and disbursements and achieve
optimal conservations and utilization of funds.

CASH BUDGETING:
Cash budgeting or short-term cash forecasting is the principle tool
of cash management. Cash budgets, routinely prepared by business firms are
helpful in:

 Estimating cash requirements

 Planning short-term financing.
 Scheduling payments in connection with capital expenditure projects.
 Planning purchases of materials.
 Developing credit policies.

LONG TERM CASH FORECASTING:

Long-term forecasting are generally prepared for a period ranging from
two to five years and serve to provide a picture of a firms financing needs and
availability of invest bile surplus in the future, the receipt and disbursements
method is used for preparing the long-term cash forecast.
MONITORING COLLECTIONS AND RECEIVABLES:
The efficiency of cash management can be enhanced by properly
monitoring the collection and disbursements.
The followings are useful:

PROMPT BILLING:
By preparing and sending the bills promptly, a firm can ensure
remittance. It should be realized that it is in the area of billing that the
company’s controls is high and there is a sizeable opportunity and others in
accelerating invoice date, mailing bills promptly, and identifying payment
locations.

CONTROL OF PAYABLE:
When a firm issues a Cheques it reduces the balance in its
books. The balance in the bank’s books is not reduced till the bank makes the
payment. The amount of cheques issued by the company but not paid for by
the referred to as the “payment float”. The amount of cheques deposited by
the firm in the bank but not cleared is referred to as the “collection float”. The
difference between “payment float and collection float is referred to as net
float”.

5.2 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

 Marketing is communicating the value of a product, service or
brand to customers, for the purpose of promoting or selling that product,
service, or brand. The main purpose is to increase sales of the product and
profits of the company. Marketing acts a support system to the sales team by
propagating the message and information to the target audience.

Marketing of the products and services is done throughout

the India, the concept direct sale to the customer is followed. The services
provided to the customers according to their needs and preferences. The
product and services are marketed with I-On as the brand.

4.2.1 Marketing Mix:-

The marketing mix consist of 4 P’s in major Place, Price, Product and
Promotion.
 Place: - The operations taken place in entire India. The market
segmentation is as follows
 Price: -
The price of the product depends upon the number users, capital Investment
and area.

 Product and Service: -

The product and kind of the services can be chosen by the customer
himself, the product and service mi markets is different for each segmented markets.
SERVICE MIX
 PRODUCT MIX

Different type of product suit for market segments In AIRFIBER

Market Segment Product Suit

Residential Apartment Wi-Fi, Broadband
Internet, e_ Learning, Access
Control, VoIP
Corporate Lease Line Internet, Network
Management Services
Educational Institutions Campus Wi-Fi, Broadband
Internet, Lease Line Internet, LAN,
e-Learning, e-Library, Streaming
Content, VoIP, IT enabled Services
 (ERP, Examination processing etc.)
Hotels Internet, VoD, Video
Conferencing, VoIP
Shopping Malls Wi-Fi, Broadband Internet, Lease
line Internet, Advertisements,
Streaming Videos
 Promotion:
Airfiber markets its products with the brand name of “I-On”.
The promotion for the products and services are done by direct
approach with customers.

5.3 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

The Human Resource Development (HRD) is to create
context for technological and managerial excellence in a globally
competitive in internet service providers. The changing environment,
rapid technological changes accelerated a paradigm shift in the usage of
the internet made the HR to take the more competitive, ancilliarisation,
private partnership, focused diversification to civilian. The overall
objective of the Human Resource Development plan is to build a vibrant
performance and learning culture that meets the challenges of
customer, quality cost, delivery and excellence. Recruitment and
retention of competent human resources and develop high
commitment and a sense of belongingness to the Company. The
number of employee’s so far in employment within the company is
around 80 members.

The Human Resource Department in the Airfiber network (P)

Ltd mainly concentrate on the core activities of the HR like Recruitment,
Training and Development, Compensations and Salaries.

5.3.1 HR Objectives:-
 Ensure availability of Total Quality People to meet the
Organizational Goals and Objectives.
 Facilitate continuous improvement in Knowledge, Skills and
Competence (Managerial, Behavioral and Technical).
  Promote a Culture of Learning, Innovation and Achievement with
emphasis on Integrity, Credibility and Quality.
 Motivate workforce through empowerment of Individuals and
Team- building.
 Play a pivotal role directly and significantly to enhance
Productivity, Profitability and the Quality of Work Life.

5.3.2 RECRUITMENT:-
Recruitment involves attracting and obtaining as many
applications as possible from the eligible job-seekers. The companies
hires the both IT and Non-IT graduates and post graduates when
department applied Man Power Form to HRD. The following is the
process the airfiber follows while recruitment.

 Personal planning
 Job vacancies
 Job analysis
 Recruitment planning
 Applicant population
 Screening

Then the actual selection process begins. It involves

 Written Test
 Interview
 Selection Decision
 Job Offer
 Employment Contract

Recruitmant chart of the Airfiber

 Recruitment
↓

↓ ↓
IT Non-IT

↓
↓
T-Head/Project Sales Manager
→
→ Network
Sales Personals
Network Support
→

 The recruitment for the IT field preference for the candidate with
qualification any technical degree like B.Tech, B.S, B.E along with
certified course of Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA).
 The recruitment for the Non-IT field preference for the candidate with
qualification of MBA in Marketing.
5.3.3 Induction:-
Induction of fresher’s in Airiber takes place in two streams as:
 Technician
 Other professionals

The induction of meritorious and fresh IT Graduates and other

Professionals is linked to each of the programs with required
background, competencies and skill sets.

5.3.4 Learning and development:-

 The objective is that learning should become an integral
component of individual professional development by:\

 updating knowledge to avoid obsolescence

 enhancing creativity & innovation
 continuously identify potential for shouldering higher responsibilities
Enlarge market share through competitive advantage and strategic
thinking to take up challenges.

IT fresher employees will undergo with training program CYBER

BUFFING. Development for the employee’s must be taken care by the
organization with due-allegiance. The development of the employee’s in
the organization is measured with the different performance appraisals.

5.3.5 Performance management system:-

Continuously improve people capabilities, for
meeting the Company's goals. The Performance Management System of
Executives formulated on work planning and Task (mutually agreed
tasks), self-review and analysis, systematic review and performance
feedback ensures that the focus be on value adding activities.
Identification of Low performers and High performers enables
performance differentials for compensation & career development.
There is a clearly defined system of performance review for workmen.

Airfiber network(P) Ltd follows the self-appraisal technique for the

measuring the performance of the employee’s. If any of the employee
performance is not up to mark they provide chance of increasing the
performance of the employee.

5.3.6 Compensations and Salaries:-

 Salaries of the company is decided on the basis of CTC.
  The statutory benefits like PF and ESI is provided to the
employee.
 Apart of the salaries there will be incentives like leave
encashment, share of profit on Banquets.
 Allowances like travelling expense and telephone allowance
 Facilities providing like laptops and mobiles.
 Compensation for the employee’s on any uncertainty through
Medicare.

If any of the employee in the company wants to change

the company he have to give 60 days prior notice to the management.
Employee can be fired on the basis of performance is not improved.

5.3.7 HR Policies:-
 Overtime compensation
 Payroll deductions
 Loan Policies
 Laptop Policies
 Timings
 Dress code Policies

5.4 IT DEPARTMENT
Information technology (IT) is the applications of computers and
telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and
manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and

computer networks, but it also encompasses other information
distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several
industries are associated with information technology, including
computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet,
telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services.
The IT department in the Airfibemajor role in the network
monitoring and quality control for the products. The department
consists of 2 major teams like Network operating center and operations
and management team this two team co-ordinate with each other in the
quality control. Other than this they are MIS and Systems departments.

System department maintenance the all the system functions

and solves the any repairs and replacement in the systems that used by
the company.
MIS department this is important in the organization which
maintains all the records of the company in the receipts and payments
and other information regarding to the latest updates in the technology
in internet services providing equipment and

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEMS (NOC)

A network operations center (NOC), pronounced like the
word knock), also known as a "network management center", is one or
more locations from which network monitoring and control, or network
management, is exercised over a computer, telecommunication or
satellite network.

History
Early versions of NOCs have been around since the 1960s. A
Network Control Center was opened in New York by AT&T in 1962 that
used status boards to display switch and route information, in real-time,
from AT&T's most important toll switches. AT&T later replaced their
Network Control Center with a NOC in 1977 in Bedminster, New Jersey.
Purpose
NOCs are implemented by business organizations, public utilities,
universities, and government agencies that oversee complex networking
environments that require high availability. NOC personnel are
responsible for monitoring one or many networks for certain conditions
that may require special attention to avoid degraded service.
Organizations may operate more than one NOC, either to manage
different networks or to provide geographic redundancy in the event of
one site becoming unavailable.

In addition to monitoring internal and external networks of related

infrastructure, NOCs can monitor social networks to get a head-start on
disruptive events.
 Functions
NOCs analyze problems, perform troubleshooting, communicate
with site technicians and other NOCs, and track problems through
resolution. When necessary, NOCs escalate problems to the appropriate
stakeholders. For severe conditions that are impossible to anticipate,
such as a power failure or a cut optical fiber cable, NOCs have
procedures in place to immediately contact technicians to remedy the
problem.
Primary responsibilities of NOC personnel may include:
 Network monitoring
 Incident response
 Communications management
 Reporting problems
NOCs often escalate issues in a hierarchic manner, so if an issue is
not resolved in a specific time frame, the next level is informed to speed
up problem remediation. NOCs sometimes have multiple tiers of
personnel, which define how experienced and/or skilled a NOC
technician is. A newly hired NOC technician might be considered a "tier
1", whereas a technician that has several years of experience may be
considered "tier 3" or "tier 4". As such, some problems are escalated
within a NOC before a site technician or other network engineer is
contacted.
NOC personnel may perform extra duties; a network with
equipment in public areas (such as a mobile network Base Transceiver
Station) may be required to have a telephone number attached to the
equipment for emergencies; as the NOC may be the only continuously
staffed part of the business, these calls will often be answered there.

Networking environments
Computer
Computer environments can range in size from one to millions of
servers.

Telecommunication
 In telecommunication environments, NOCs are responsible for
monitoring power failures, communication line alarms (such as bit
errors, framing errors, line coding errors, and circuits down) and other
performance issues that may affect the network.

Satellite
Satellite network environments process large amounts of voice
and video data, in addition to intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance information. Example organizations that manage this
form of NOC includes Aritel, a service provider of commercial satellite
bandwidth to the United States Department of Defense, located in
Herndon, Virginia.

Design

NOCs are frequently laid out with several rows of desks, all facing a
video wall, which typically shows details of highly significant alarms,
ongoing incidents and general network performance; a corner of the
wall is sometimes used for showing a news or weather TV channel, as
this can keep the NOC technicians aware of current events which may
have an impact on the network or systems they are responsible for. The
back wall of a NOC is sometimes glazed; there may be a room attached
to this wall which is used by members of the team responsible for
dealing with serious incidents to meet while still able to watch events
unfolding within the NOC. Individual desks are generally assigned to a
specific network, technology or area. A technician may have several
computer monitors on their desk, with the extra monitors used for
monitoring the systems or networks covered from that desk. The
location housing a NOC may also contain many or all of the primary
servers and other equipment essential to running the network, although
it is not uncommon for a single NOC to monitor and control a number of
geographically dispersed sites.

NOC engineers
A NOC engineer has several duties in order to ensure the
smooth running of the network. They deal with things such as DDoS
Attacks, power outages, network failures, and routing black-holes. There
are of course the basic roles, such as remote hands, support and
configuration of hardware (such as firewalls and routers, purchased by a
client). NOC engineers also have to ensure the core network is stable.
This can be done by configuring hardware in a way that makes the
network more secure, but still has optimal performance. NOC engineers
are also responsible for monitoring activity, such as network usage,
temperatures etc. They would also have to install equipment, such as
KVMs, rack installation, IP-PDU setup, running cabling. The majority of
NOC engineers are also on call and have a 5-6 day rotation, working
different shifts.

Operation and management

Operational maintenance is the care and minor maintenance
of equipment using procedures that do not require detailed technical
knowledge of the equipment’s or system’s function and design. This
category of operational maintenance normally consists of inspecting,
cleaning, servicing, preserving, lubricating, and adjusting, as required.
Such maintenance may also include minor parts replacement that does
not require the person performing the work to have highly technical
skills or to perform internal alignment.
This department acts as the quality control and complaint
grievance in the disconnection of the internet from the server. This
works together with the NOC department in the quality check out. The
O&M department works for the 24/7 to solve the complaints of the
customers. Department monitors the networks and if there is any
trouble shooting it identifies with the alternative solution for the trouble
shoot.
The quality control system procedure is as follows
The NOC department check out each and every minute for
troubleshoot in the network, if troubleshoot occurs then it try to solve
by the software even the troubleshoot occurs then they will inform to
the O&M team for the check in the hardware components in the site to
find out the reasons and solve the problem.

The process of operation in the company

1. The marketing department brings the new customers and document
the requirements of the customers.
 2. This document is forwarded to the project team they go to the site
and analyze the requirement with documentation called Bill of
Requirement.
3. After formulating the BOR it will goes to the approval of the top
management.
4. Once top management approval the project it goes to the O&M for
the purchase of requirements and installation of the system at the site.
5. After the installation the whole documents is forwarded to the
customers and the NOC team for the regular monitoring.

The main concept of the business is on the basis of zero

investment for the customers. The company only provides the all the
initial investment for the customers. The rental agreement is made for
the 3 years minimum and the rental is charged on the basis of the
numbers of the users and the amount of the speed that required for the
customer.

Systems:-
This department check out the system maintenance of the companies
and the employees. MIS:- Management Information System this
department looks after all the information regarding to the technology
in the internet providing products and the updating time to time.

The quality control monitoring procedure in the internet services is

shown in the flow chart.
 SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT ANALYSIS
A SWOT analysis (alternatively SWOT matrix) is a structured planning
method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
involved in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried
out for a product, place, industry or person. It involves specifying the objective
of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external
factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Some
authors credit SWOT to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the
Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) in the 1960s and 1970s
using data from Fortune 500companies.[1][2] However, Humphrey himself
does not claim the creation of SWOT, and the origins remain obscure. The
degree to which the internal environment of the firm matches with the
external environment is expressed by the concept of strategic fit.
Strengths: characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage
over others.
 Weaknesses: characteristics that place the business or project at a
disadvantage relative to others.
 Opportunities: elements that the project could exploit to its advantage.
Threats: elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the
business or project.

Identification of SWOTs is important because they can inform later steps in

planning to achieve the objective.
First, the decision makers should consider whether the objective is
attainable, given the SWOTs. If the objective is not attainable a different
objective must be selected and the process repeated.
The SWOT analysis of the Airfiber networks private limited as follows:-
Strengths:
 Technology - Superior technology allows Airfiber networks ISP to better
meet the needs of their customers in ways they want.
 Brand Name - A strong brand name is a major strength of Airfiber ISP.
This gives D-VoiS ISP the ability to charge more revenue from the
services.
 Customer Loyalty - When given a choice, customers are loyal to Airfiber
ISP. Instead of targeting all customers, Airfiber ISP targeting the specific
kind of the market to maintain.
  Strong Management - Strong management can help Airfiber ISP reach
its potential by utilizing strengths and eliminating the weakness of the
company.
 Unique Products - Unique products help distinguish Airfiber ISP from
competitors. Airfiber ISP can charge higher prices for the services
provided.
 Size Advantages - Size advantages lower Airfiber ISP’s risks. The larger
Airfiber ISP gets, the more resources they have to utilize for the
maintenance of the market and customers loyalty.

Weakness:-
 Online Presence - The online market is essential for displaying
information and selling products. A weak online presence can result in
lost opportunities to get new customers.
 Weak Brand - A weak brand means Airfiber ISP can’t charge the same
prices for goods and services as their competitors, because consumers
don’t value the brand.
 Customer Service - Weak customer service hurts Airfiber ISP’s
reputation and causes customers to flee to competitors, who are more
respondent.
Opportunities:-
 Online Market - The online market offers Airfiber ISP the ability to
greatly expand their business. Airfiber ISP can market to a much wider
audience for relatively little expense.
 New Technology - The online market offers Airfiber ISP the ability to
greatly expand their business. Airfiber ISP can market to a much wider
audience for relatively little expense.
 New Services - New services help Airfiber ISP to better meet their
customer’s needs. These services can expand Airfiber ISP’s business and
diversify their customer base.
 International Expansion - International markets offer Airfiber ISP new
opportunities to expand the business and increase sales.
 New Markets - New markets allow Airfiber ISP to expand their business
and diversify their portfolio of products and services.
Treats:-
 Intense Competition - Intense completion can lower Airfiber ISP’s
profits, because competitors can entice consumers away with
superior products.
 Government Regulations - Intense completion can lower Airfiber
ISP’s profits, because competitors can entice consumers away with
superior products.
SWOT Conclusion
Strengths + Opportunities = 11
Threats + Weaknesses = 5

The analysis of the company had the more strength and opportunities
than the threats and weakness. the management of the company going on
improving their weakness and the decreasing the treats.

Summary of Findings:-
 Airfiber had the market strategy of zero investment which
customer need not to pay any capital expenditure for availing
the services and the company will charge the rental on monthly
basis or quarterly basis.
 The company target majorly huge entities for the business.
 The company follows Niche segmentation.
  There will be 24/7 checking the network connection of the
customer for any failure in the transmission of the data.
 The newly entered into the public Wi-Fi connection.
 The recruitment will be done with the help of agencies and
within the data base of the company for the previous
applicants if any.
 The marketing department plays major role in providing the
customers for the organization.
Suggestions:-
 Entering into the all types of segments and global marketing.
 Increase in the product width.
 Effective utilization of resources.
 Branding the image of the company by using advertisement.
 Providing facilities to improve the employees the potential skills.
 Maintaining the customer relationship.
 Suggestion for the CSR activities to be taken place.

Conclusion:-
AIRFIBER NETWORK PVT LTD has the best performance level
in the operation of the activities of providing internet services in the way
of the zero investment from the customer side. They had the different
product and the services for the customers. The company financial
position is in the increasing way. The expansion of the business 59
activities across the India. The company also enjoying the good profits
and they entered into project of public Wi-Fi in the hosur& Bangalore
with the aid of the government