Budding

Binary fission
Aserual-ding
I
unicellular=
=>

growth
reproduction
mutually
inclusive

⑳
-
 I

-Motile
conidiospary #
exogenous
Zusporull
-
-- Pencillium
domonas
-
chlamy I

endogenous
-
-

-
Mimpyle Archeragtes
*A

-Gommules (internal
-> bual
Hystra
Budding
sparge
Enterval E Spicubs
-
 O-Buds
· - Stem
-
-

stem
->

=Rhizome
-

Stubsel
--
-

I
-
-
I examples
I (Nam

X
fu ⑧
-
water hyacinth
begaf
- ⑧ Starrer of
Bulbit
* I
Bryophyllum Stere
-

Agare ⑳f
I

-> 0 offect
 Fetgamete
Humans
--

Gisognates) u ametic
Acteroy
-

chara ->
-
Cladophora volvon,

Homogametic
Heterogametic
 stylen
Anal

sender
the

0 earthworm
(Bisemal)
Heterogametic qual stilt Exampl
Montious nucule

Cha 0 -globule
BisX
emal
--
-
- 0
~
diossious W
swest
Marsha potator
unisl ⑧ ⑧
 X
e

X
Marginal aril Paristal superficial

Pperican
=

S seed
=
X
-

-
X
- -

-
 Corolla
stamen
-

e
crall)
Andrecium (rema)
Gynoecium
I

Q
& zlalys
 A
*
*
Y
00 -Bilobed
dithecous
->

-
 /same
-= nutition
X
->
(Microspore)
haploid

&celled (Pothen grain)

stage
 e
essaMi c hel e

-
Anatirpous
ovule

Multi
compellary
 -

M-I
⑧
I
MI -
-
-
-
⑧
-
-

3
Mitotic
- Felle
8-mullated

- -
label
-
I
nuclear
free divisive
I -

⑧
 X
Y

- ⑧

- D
⑧
 X
-

X
 X
water
-

Y
 X Mispyle
-

end
-
X -

0
 Enyprwig
2 =

Episoty

shoot tip
Plumule -

Radicle 2007
-
ti
- *
Identify
-
-

Plumule

*
 X

O X

-
-
-
-
P

250

spent t
 -
andere
bygets
-
RYO
-
-
 0 e
Clobes)
Areoli
t
tubules
Mammary
1
L duct
out Manumary
suck 1

--
Ampulla
↓
dust
Lactiferous
-

↓
--

nipple
-
-

Pathway
-
-

-
15-20 laby
↳ alveoli (Milk secretion)
Estung
wenee
--
 fertilization
-enyme- Carsame)
* haploid -
-
E
Head
neck

-
piece energy
- fail
->

I cell
-o
of
power
 sepilide 1A
M Primary -> Po

follicle Cyranulosa
-

zond
Pelleiden ↓
cells)
-
⑧ See -> PO

follicl

↓ I

Cantum toen ↓MIN*

- so
. I

Graafian
⑩
-

⑩
**

follicle
-
-

*zona pellucida
 0 At
-
↳H
ovulation I
-
-

FSH

⑲ ↳> ESH

-
Destrogen Progesterne

Inteal
phare
Progestern
-

plat
-

Progesterord
>

Meuses I

Start
t
Oestrogen
 E
↑
Morula
Ampulla ↳
-
Fertilization
L

pyo.
X
AA
IUD (C-rebeau)
sperms motility reduce
 -

-
--

Permanent/
method
↑ surgical
sterilization method
-

2
-
~

~ **

-
#
7 characters
14 traits (dom. I recenive)
~ -

- odd one out

L t
*
↑ - receive
*
*
aatie
if
 ratio
-
Tall dwarf
-
3:1
Phenotypic=
=1: 2:I
genotypic TT it t

=
 Ratio
Ratio -
A =(i)
-

↑ M
** -

⑪ F, X Homozygous
receive
-
--

dom phenotype (TT)It) X -t

--

parent
neither lett

Inworminal
e
&

swapdragon
eg:

-
 - ratio:
genotypic 1
1:2:1: 2: 4:2: 1:2:

-
 allotment
independent
①
Law of

② chromosomes regregation
 v
the

send
out
 ⑧ -
%. Recombination, distan ut

Ma
*
* C20SS A
* 0 10
Tour]
-Body e
-

Re
=
-

Cron B
-

I Recombinat
-

①Eyecolour
② wing
six

⑰
 I

o determination
-

- gamety
Hetero
Hiramre
-- - . ozu
⑨
s
 D O

- -- -
1
0 ⑤ O
--
-
-
Haplo-ditidy
-male -

Heploid Corone)
-Femall
diploid -
L ↳queen
worke (fertile)
(State)
ra
*
 Has An
-

↳never station
↓

AA PYD
z
* Parentunaffected
child affected
 Pyrimidine ⑦wire)
-
4 A
⑧ & -

⑧ ⑧

- ⑧ &-

sickle cell anenia

Point mutation
 21stchromosome
down syndrome
trisomy
 ⑰

-
-
-
 ⑳
-

A -T

ac
-

-
Inkerfstore *
*
(2003
- 1.75
-
-
-

⑧ H2AX2
re
H2B X2
Bani
15 X2
-

Myx2
Lysine
①
arginine

asse
ickosome
I
 Y
=
⑧ 0

⑳
-
⑧

⑧ Radio

-8
=>

-
Radio
&

X ⑧
-

-
-
 -

↑0 os

Heavy IN
**
of
isotope
O-okarakjagments

-
 5
* -
j -

-
5-

-
*

&
1

① Promoter

⑧ Structural
5'13
③ Terminator
Read template
-

Strand
L
⑪ -
-

~factor

②RNAdy
--
I-factor -
 Post transition
modificative
-
-

① 5' end

21 methyl
-

guanosire)
kuRNA ap

② s'and
0 outy ev A' fail
·Poly
-

③ splicing
--
Coden
-
I

Smechotide
I

now
Gorge
 NRNA
2
-
A-
Site
-

entry
p-site
-

Cpeptide
->
-
bonal)

Este
L

zxit
 -
Peptidyl
energe
V
X --
-
transferase
A
- / CRiboym)
③ ⑮te -sw Ribosome
-

--
 -constitutigue X
Jacob I
Monad

a
-
o

- ve
regulation
X
 o-
repeat
F
C is the sm/
daughter
Northern =RNA of B
Blot
Welter
or:
Protein get electrophoersein
Y
southern
-
->
blotting
CDNAS
we
--
-

Forensic L Girl
=>

Scene

Paternal
=>

text
 -
~
~
w

-
-Ah
=
Camino acids)

,
vrey
theory of chemical evolution
 Eagerthe

of
Tyrannosaurs
-

at
⑧ A
Brachiosang

Ein
Connecting

spirus -> hubirore

- -
 -

--

Homologous
- origin same)
anilary function different
bud
modification Homologous organ
are result of
evolution
divergent
 ra (after)
tree trunk
perfor
e

are
-white
lichens
-
--

white

O
so Biston Betulania
9
(moth)
Predator -

Predator
atuck
S

ackwing
~
wirged the
dank
 -

-Adaptive radiation
-Darwin
island
2
Calapoyas
-Bak
Seed -
feugiosory
eating - leaves
-

Adaptive radiation
 Convergent
air
B

-
-dentifie
T
- ①u character plat

Peak
=
Centreme
value)
0 Seither 1

-
Peak -
&
>

extreme
A --
⑪
chlorophyte
Byophyte
② Tracheophyte
-

~
phyllum
->
I

Lycopods

Psilophyton - Ginkgos,
Grfall,
-
↑ sea
5 k- P
2
-
- +

confers
& ⑪
Modern day
reptiles I

↳d
ancectin
#
Sauropsid

② Modern
day
mammals
I
direct
a
ancestor

- therapsid
1

Synapsid
-
-
X
 X
Sporzoites
-
-
Plasmodium
--

-
[Protozoam)
⑧
->

asimal
It
Host[mosquito)
-
-

=-
Am
O -
See host- Human

(Human infects
->
Stage
-

- Meso -
L
Zwite'
L sporozoite
=>

I
Him:Haemozoin
->

->

-
-
-RBC bunt

entry
age/mosquito
Gametoayte
 Filarial
(wuchereria)
worm

I Filaziasis
 >

Trichoderma,
Exidermophytic
 epitope
*

ITI ~be
_

Formulat Hatz
Bonds disulphide
-

I
=

constat

B. ymphocyte
-
 ① Retrovirus
-
--

RNA+ DNA

Creverse transcription]
Revous transcriptase.

Relo I
RNA
Vicks

-
cells
-
-Macrophages

⑳
*
X

a
~

identify Source
-

-
**
Propert
-
Hallucinogen
↓

* -

F
 X
S

-
Mall X
- &
Female
Have
Inter specific
Hybridisatio
donkey
 Y
-
 Ballus
-Virus adenovirg
- -
- soccurs

~ I
- -
--

X
*

-
--
 Bacteria, I Fermenters
-
--

fungus

Verse Fermentors
-- -

X
x
Latin
an
 = X-

Methamphenterine ⑫
-
Chy, C021
*
IARI
Indian
-

agriculture
2 relarch institute
marih
⑭
-
-

-
inductions
Khadi I village
commissio

Anaebludge diguter-Birgara CH2, W2,

*
 *
GAATTC
SCORI=
end
-
sticky
->

labeling
X

->
ligase
 DNA: -I
Ling -

ver
electrophores
Gathode =>

-
Gel

Agarose
I
Anode
tre
->
-
⑧
-
Anch / cathode

-
-
Baris
-
-
size of DNA
 label
=

① Plaand Crector)

Howa
pB
mp P
*
a
Let I --
-

#
PvuI
BamH I

sal I Pst I

Fu I

total:
 X

Ichilled ethaul
 Y
** -
label
-

C 95-96)
-

⑧ --
--

⑧ -
(55%)
aquatio
-Grmus

- (72°)

0
 ⑧
-

E =>
sparger
-

n
↑
-
-

downstreaming
1. Identification
 Cotton

↓-
* IAL
my
It gene #Al
-

my
willget
I
B
 X

Melidoggie
- ~
=

dSRNA
eRNA silencing
=>

RNAT=RNAinterference
 C

A
⑪ slaughtered
D
Cattles, pigs

disalbund
khice 8 IBNA challenge
O O -

E. coli
Mature
Proinsulin-
- -insulin
L X
↳chain
3 chain ->

A
A
-
(1983)
⑤ stility ⑮ B

gene-super
A
· a mount
theory
-

--

of precipitative,
temp.
-

labeling
=V
 X

-
P

S
-
label

animals, all plants

99% --
L

Conformers
birds
Mammal,
--
L

Regulators
Comes there)
-

-- > X
1
Grape
I
ident I identification Whate
->

Pyrami d
L
-
Shape -
Pre <Repso
↓

detoping e sepro

-
Pe 7 Repro
=Repea
rypo
 - ⑰
*
- -

death
Birth rate rate

X
+ I
add = Natality
E
rectuce:Mortality o
 tationary
Carymptote)

I
-
ponential phave

growth
Flog
unlimited)
Cresourc
phase
- 0
I =

/ -

lay -

Logistic growth
phar limited)
-
secure
kN
carrying capacity
alyrptote= k
=
=

X N)
&N (1
UN- =
-

At R
 X

Mutualism
wa
i fray
- e
Eu
 Mutualism
--
Pollination
oxhid -
Si
↳ukte
-

reward
*
deceit
seal_

Pseudocopulation
-
 -

-- ①Fragmentative
Y ⑦ Catabolism
--

- -

③
panificative
-z

Mineralisation
&
-

-
-
-

⑭ -

- -
Leaching
⑮ -v
-
-
-
Y Ty -

Es
-

Tz
-

Ti =
 + T2 T3 in
X

901
-

102 10/
10%

energy
-

101 10?10;
transfor
 O
upright
-

-
-

-
number
--
--

->
-

- -
-

-
up right
~ Biomaus
-
&
v
-
grautand
 inverted
Biomall
Foua I I -upright
Lake
nopyramide
->

of
&Pyramid
energy-pright
alwa
- - primary
-
Succenit
->

-
Hydrasek
-
-

Pionees: Phytoplankfor
menic
Climan-
- Cfirst
e

-
Sequence

⑧
Castor
ce
 -

- ⑳

- ⑧
ex
Pe
-
 ~ Invertebrate vertebrate
-

~
Fish- Bird Man
Fep Fu
⑰
-
->
-
-

direct pic chart

-

=>

e O
*
~
>Plant
22%
Fungi> Angio
->

Algae>
Mossess !
⑧
Ferns lister
- kingdom
-
Y
⑰ insect
-
-

Man: Angio
-

In erhts ratys
-

Mollusc> Cretacean
-
-

Other >
Insect swing
up
 speck richness
S:

C: Y intercept

A
: area

⑧ ->
Species,area
↳ richner L

Rectangular hyperbola
line
->
log graphestraight
-
2: p (0-1-0-2) =
 trecharge
Polluted -

gar ↓
⑳ 99% particulate
matter
thermal power
plant
 AA
&Y Label
-
-

02

Ou
 X

sentative e
 Rearts
--

tonic metaboliseX
⑧ V ---
excrete out X
throu
N
-
-

-
X
Biomagnification x
⑪ Y

② Calziun
metabolism X

- X
covering
egg
DBT I

⑳ birds population t

-
-
-

⑧
X
-
 -

-
E

Badozone
+ -irrhous

=
e
direct
dia
sam

*
*
* Cre N28
Co2 CHy>
14%. 6%
20%
60%
 in
Thicken
Bubson
DO

*
-

->