I.

Preliminaries:
a. Prayer before the class
b. Setting of Class Rules:
Code 0 – Tidy your area and arrange your chairs
Code 1 – Fix your I.D, your uniform, and your hair
Code 2 – Sit and listen
c. Checking of Attendance
d. Word of the Day by the assigned student
e. Recap by the chosen student
II. Motivational Activity
Instructions: Students will be grouped into 5. Each group will arrange the scrambled letters to come with a certain word
that being defined or described.

1. L U E I T A R T R E - written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. (answer:
Literature)
2. Y N I R O – this is the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite
(answer: Irony)
3. A T P O H R E M - is like a simile, but without connecting words. It simply posits that two separate things are the
same. (answer: Metaphor)
4. P E R L E H Y B O – it is an extravagant, intentional exaggeration. (answer: Hyperbole)
5. E L S I M I - is a figure of speech that compares two separate concepts using a clear connecting word such as
“like” or “as.” (answer: Simile)

● What are the words you have just formed?

The teacher will ask the students’ idea about what figurative languages are.

Discussion:

Literature from the latin word Littera which means a letter of the alphabet. Work of language either written or oral
work.  It portrays thoughts, emotions, and experiences of the human condition.

3 parts of Literature

1. Prose:  so-called "ordinary writing" — made up of sentences and paragraphs, without any metrical (or rhyming)
structure.

 Fiction: not true or created from imagination. (fairy tales, Fables katong mga animal charazters)
 Non-fiction:  refers to factual stories focused on actual events and people. ( Journal, Diary, Biography)

2. Poetry: given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm
3. Drama: tells a story through action and speech and is meant to be acted on a stage : play. : a play, movie, or television
production with a serious tone or subject.

Figurative Languages
To have colorful writing and more creative wording .
Writers and poets use figurative language to build imagery and give words more power.
Most writers create such metaphorical effect using figure of speech such as simile, metaphor, and personification.
TYPES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
1. Simile: compares two separate concept using connecting word “like” or “as.”
EXAMPLE: “She swam like a fish”
2. Metaphor: without connecting words. Two separate things are the same.
EXAMPLE “Life is a highway” “Her eyes were diamonds”
3. Implied metaphor: a type of metaphor that compares two unlike things without mentioning one of them.
EXAMPLE “He barked commands at the team,” which implies comparison to a dog.
“Elise finally lured Adam into her web.” In this line, we know what Elise is being compared to a spider, but it
isn’t expressly stated.
You’ll see they’re slightly different from regular metaphors because they don’t specifically state what they’re
comparing.
4. Personification: representation of a thing or abstraction as a person.
EXAMPLE “Time marches on” “The sun smiled down on us.”
5. Hyperbole: (extravagant: having the characteristics of being expensive) exaggerated statements or claims not meant
to be taken literally. Writers use hyperbole to enhance the qualities of their characters, to draw attention to a situation,
or to diversify their descriptive imagery.
6. Allusion: Allusions are a type of literary device that makes references to people, places, or events. It is often used in
poems and novels.
An allusion is a reference to something that you are not explicitly talking about. This can be in the form of an image,
word, or phrase.
Allusions can be implicit or explicit. Implicit allusions are when the writer makes a reference without explicitly
mentioning it while explicit allusions mention the person, place, or event by name.
7. Idiom: term whose meaning cannot be determined from the literal meanings of the words it is made of.
EXAMPLE: Once in a blue moon Meaning: Rarely Break a leg: to wish someone luck
8. Pun: (exploits: utilize or make us of) also known as paronomasia. The humorous use of a word or phrase so as
to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike
in sound but different in meaning.
Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a
particular language or its culture.
9. Onomatopoeia: a word that sounds like what its describe. Sound effect
EXAMPLE: tick-tock: clock
10. .Synecdoche:  it’s derived from the Greek word synekdoche: “simultaneous meaning.” (existing or occurring
at the same time) used to signify the whole, or vice-versa
EXAMPLE: "The brains helped me with my homework." A part-to-whole synecdoche in which smart students are
referred to as "brains"—the brain being, of course, only one part of them.
Stars and stripes (signifies U.S. flag)
11. Irony: refers to situations where the outcome is the opposite of what you or the reader expect.
EXAMPLE: “A person who claims to be a vegan and avoids meat but will eat a slice of pepperoni pizza because he is
hungry”.(vegan-a person who does not eat any food derived from animals and who typically does not use other animal
products.)
A pilot has a fear of heights.
This situation is ironic because airplane pilots spend most of their time at work high in the air.
12. Metonymy: from Greek metōnymia, “change of name,” name of an object or concept is replaced with a word
closely related to or suggested by the original.
EXAMPLE: Joe’s new ride was expensive. (Ride is metonymy for car)
When I came to visit, my friend offered me a cup. (Cup is metonymy for a beverage such as tea or coffee)

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which something is introduced by a new name that is related to the original thing
or concept.
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a word or phrase that refers to a part of something is used to represent the whole or vice
versa.
So synecdoche is referring to your car as your “wheels” since they are a single part of your car, while “ride” is
metonymy because it's a related word that replaces the term car.
METONOMY:“Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.” – Shakespeare’s “Julies Caesar (Ears refer to the concept of
listening or paying attention.)
13. Oxymoron: combines contradictory words with opposing meanings. Oxymoron is what’s known as a “contradiction in
terms,”
EXAMPLE: alone together (people stay together) , bittersweet (This word is used to describe when something has a little of
each quality, such as when an event is equally happy and sad.)
The reader must momentarily pause to comprehend and process the meaning—in other words, oxymorons make the reader
think.
14. Litotes: understated phrases that use a negative to express a positive.
EXAMPLE: That wasn’t half bad (Meaning it was actually quite good)
“He’s not the fastest guy on the team” (his runner has never won a race)
15. Alliteration: same sound repeats in a group of words
EXAMPLE: “Bob brought the box of bricks to the basement.”
16: Analogy: comparison that aims to explain a thing or idea by likening it to something else.
EXAMPLE: a career coach might say, "Being the successful boss or CEO of a company is like being an orchestra conductor:
just as the conductor needs to stand up front where everyone—even the musicians in the back row—can see him, a good CEO
needs to make sure he or she is visible and available to all of the company's employees." The career coach is not saying that
CEOs are exactly like orchestra conductors in every way. Rather, comparing CEOs to conductors through analogy allows the
coach to articulate an important leadership quality in a memorable way.
17. Allegory: conveys a hidden meaning—usually moral, spiritual, or political—through the use of symbolic characters and
events.
EXAMPLE: The story of "The Tortoise and The Hare (Si Pagong at Si Kuneho) is a well-known allegory with a moral that a
slow and steady approach (symbolized by the Tortoise) is better than a hasty and overconfident approach (symbolized by the
Hare).The moral lesson of the story is that you can be more successful by doing things slowly and steadily than by acting
quickly and carelessly.
18. Caesura: pause that occurs within a of poetry, usually marked by some form of punctuation such as a period, comma,
ellipsis, dash or double pipe (ll)
Example: Ashbery's "Our Youth"
Blue hampers . . . || Explosions,
Ice . . . || The ridiculous
Vases of porphyry. || All that our youth
Can't use, || that it was created for.
19. Deus Ex Machina: Latin term, borrowed from a Greek phrase meaning "god from the machine.". Plot device
whereby an unsolvable conflict or point of tension is suddenly resolved by the unexpected appearance of an
implausible character, object, action, ability, or event.
EXAMPLE: