VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI - 590018

A Social Connect and Responsibility Report

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE

Submitted By

MEGHANA R
4SN21CS056

Under the Mentorship of

Prof. HARISHMA
Assistant professor

SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Accredited By NAAC)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
VALACHIL, MANGALURU – 574143
2022-2023
 SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Accredited By NAAC)
MANGALURU - 574143, KARNATAKA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Social Connect & Responsibilities is carried out by MEGHANA R, bearing
USN 4SN21CS056, in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Branch of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2022-2023. It
is certified that all corrections/ suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been
incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The Internship report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirements prescribed for the degree of Bachelor of
Engineering.

___________ ______________ ______________

Prof. Harishma Prof. Ravishankar K Dr. Srinivas Mayya D
Mentor Head of the department Principal

EXTERNAL VIVA
Name of Examiners Signature with Date

1. 1.

2. 2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I’m grateful to the Activity Coordinator Prof. Deepthi Dsouza for supporting me during
this work. I would like to thank my Mentor Prof. Harishma for guiding me. I would also
like to thank the head of Department Prof. Ravishankar K for his advices. And finally, a
great sense of gratitude to the Principal Dr. Srinivas Mayya D.

Name: MEGHANA R

USN: 4SN21CS056
 TABLE OF CONTENTS<18,Times
Chapter No.<14> Title Page No.

1 PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE 1-3

<12,Bold>
1.1 Objective
1.2 Observations
1.3 Information Gathered
14 Photos
1.5 Learning Outcome/Reflection Note
2 HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER
<12,Bold>
1.1 Objective
1.2 Observations
1.3 Information Gathered
14 Photos
1.5 Learning Outcome/Reflection Note
3 ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT
-
-

4 WATER CONSERVATION
-
-

5 FOOD WALK
5.1
CONCLUSION
 Conclusion

CONCLUSION
“Adopt a plant and years later, the same plant after becoming a tree will adopt you”. With this
plantation and adaptation of a tree, it is clear that tree plantation is the key to save the earth
from pollution. Tree planting is cost-effective, thus making it simpler to achieve the goal of
making the earth a safer place by making it free from pollution. The effects of climate change
can also be controlled by increasing the rate of tree plantation.

Remembering renowned writer Shivarama Karantha words when they set out to make a file on
Rani Abbakka. he says, “unless you recreate the ambience of the sixteenth century, how will
you transport people to those times”."A museum has no end. have to keep collecting objects
they have to be curated, the collected articles have to be maintained, the takes are many”, he
says, inviting us to another visit to come hear, more objects talk and share their tales. Surely
decades worth of ongoing efforts need much more attention and appreciation from people and
the System a like.

From the prior conversation, it tends to be construed that organic farming. seems, by all
accounts, to be a practical, financial, and eco-accommodating. since there is no danger of
lingering poisonousness. It improves soil fruitfulness and yielded amount creation. An
expansion of fertilizer arranged from squanders that is FYM, neem-cake, bio gas slurry,
vermicompost and so forth keeps up organic manure in soil and now, we know that it has some
disadvantages but also has lots of advantages that cover up or that have ability to ignore the
downsides of organic farming.

Groundwater resources can help meet demand, but too much of it is being withdrawn and some
of it is being polluted. The rate at which water infiltrates into the ground depends on the
permeability of the rocks and the state of the ground surface. Below the ground surface there
is an unsaturated zone which has air in the pore spaces, and a saturated zone which has all the
pores filled with water.

A wide variety of scientific techniques have been developed to protect consumers and to screen
for adulteration in food. Thus, all the dishes have different taste. Furthermore, our nature
provides us a variety of food. From fruits to vegetables, from Dairy food to seafood everything
is available. Different countries have their own specialty of dishes. So we can conclude that to
prefer traditional food over junk food.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 19

Activity 1

Chapter 1

PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE

1.1 Objective

When you plant a tree, you are not only planting a sapling but also hoping for the best. We
have learned the hard way that trees are critical to our survival. We began by deforesting the
earth to make room for more buildings. Later, when we saw the environment deteriorating, we
were introduced to “afforestation,” a simple process of planting more trees for a better future.

Trees are essentially human and other living organisms' livestock. They have
unconditionally provided us with food, oxygen, and a variety of other necessities for human
survival, such as shelter, medicines, tools, and so on. Despite their rich values and importance,
trees are still not properly cared for. They are cut down, eradicating all forms of life in the
surrounding area. However, the relevance and importance of planting trees have only grown
with each passing day. More trees must be planted as a collective effort by all of humanity to
save our ailing planet.

As a result, we have our global Tree Plantation Day, which is observed on March 21st
all over the world. The purpose of observing the said day is to make people aware of the
importance of planting trees and to assist them in doing so. Planting saplings to invest in the
future is a common practice on tree plantation days. Deforestation has resulted in devastating
floods and landslides. The significance of "tree plantation" can also be emphasised for forest
conservation and wildlife protection. Wild animals are facing a scarcity of inhabitable forest
areas as lands are cleared for farming and industrial purposes. Because urban areas lack trees,
they suffer from severe problems such as smog and polluted air. The “Tree Plantation” becomes
a long-term solution to such problems. Vehicle exhaust, wood and coal combustion, factories
and industries all emit hazardous pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

1.2 Observations

The importance of tree plantation in preserving biodiversity and balancing the ecosystem
cannot be overstated. Trees provide a natural habitat for many different species. A diverse and
healthy ecosystem revitalises the land and life on Earth. Trees are also known for their ability
to hold soil and prevent erosion. Trees provide clean air for living beings to breathe and

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 1

Activity 1

generate energy. The importance of plantations for a healthy life free of suffocation and
pollution cannot be overstated, particularly in urban areas. They are so valuable and significant
that their applications have only grown to meet the demands of our modern lifestyles. Initially,
the tree’s wood was used as fuel, and the fruits were devoured by people. The shade was
utilized to keep cool in the summer and the fire was used to keep warm in the winter. Tree
plantation is not only good for the environment and the earth, but it is also a way in which we
can help in making the world a better and cleaner place to five in, as trees help to bring down
the levels of pollution. That is why on 22/11/2022 Mr. Steevan Robert Tellis, Assistant
Professor gave on talk plantation and adoptation of a tree . He taught us how to nurture a plant
and get good result out of it.

1.3 Information Gathered

Tree plantation is the process of transferring of seedlings from one place to another for different
purposes. Furthermore, there are various reasons behind tree plantation but the most important
are forestry, land reclamation, and landscaping. Each process of tree plantation is important
and unique in its own way. Adoptations is the special charateristics that enable plants and
animals to be successful in a particular environment. He has given information about the
following topics,

1.3.1 Various Ways Of Home Garden : The home garden covers the production of vegetables
for family use. "It is an important but inexperienced way of providing a continuous supply of
fresh vegetables for the family table. Yields from the home garden contribute to the family
nutrition and may even provide additional income." A well-developed home garden contributes
significantly to daily food needs. It can supply households with nearly all the non-staple foods
they need, such as fruit, vegetables, legumes, coconuts and root crops as well as spices, tea,
coffee, medicines and flowers for ornamental purposes or for sale.

• Container Gardening:

Container gardening or pot gardening/farming is the practice of growing plants, including

edible plants, exclusively in containers instead of planting them in the ground. A container in
gardening is a small, enclosed and usually portable object used for displaying live flowers or
plants. It may take the form of a pot, box, tub, basket, tin, barrel or hanging basket.
Additionally, this method is popular for urban horticulture and urban gardening on balconies

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 2

Activity 1

of apartments and condominiums where gardeners lack the access to the ground for a traditional
garden.

• Kitchen Gardening:

A vegetable garden can be grown in spaces ranging from a small balcony to a huge backyard.
The versatility of this type of garden is what makes it extremely user-friendly. Do extensive
research on the types of vegetables or fruits which grow well in your environment. Some
vegetables need more space to grow, while leafy greens can be grown in a small pot with very
little care. Some of the plants need extensive care, i.e., watering and fertilizers, while others
can be left to grow wild. Every vegetable has specific requirements; some of them need to be
planted in rows. Each has to be propagated differently, potatoes need to tubers, and mint
requires stem cuttings for transplantation. Hence first make a list of the fruits and vegetables
suitable for your space and climate and plan accordingly. Try to invest in costly vegetables like
broccoli to minimize your monthly budget.

1.3.2 Chemical Control: In the prevention of plant diseases, chemical control plays a critical
role. Numerous specific action fungicides have been developed since the 1960s. A variety of
chemicals are available nowadays that are developed and designed to control plant diseases by
inhibiting the growth of or by killing the disease-causing pathogens. There are various types of
chemicals - chemicals that control bacteria (bactericides), that control fungi (fungicides), and
chemicals that control nematodes (nematicides). These chemicals should be used properly for
plant disease control. The soil treatments kill the nematodes, bacteria, and fungi inhabiting the
soil. The eradication of these biotic pathogens can be done using steam and chemical fumigants.
The nematodes that are born in the soil can be killed by liquid nematicides or granular
nematicides. Generally, the soil is treated before plantation, but a few fungicides are mixed
with the soil at the time of plantation or after it. The seeds, bulbs, tubers, and corms are
frequently treated with chemicals to get rid of pathogens - fungi, bacteria, and nematodes. This
helps in protecting the seeds, bulbs, corms, and tubers from the pathogen present in the soil -
mainly the fungi, which is the cause of the decay and the damping off. The seeds are also treated
with fungicides which they absorb and get protection for the growing seedling.

The protective dust and sprays are used to prevent infection in foliage and the fruit of
crops. There is a wide range of chemical dust and sprays. They are not absorbed by the plant
or translocated through the plant, and hence they protect only those parts of the plant treated

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 3

Activity 1

before invasion by the pathogen. A second spray is always recommended and required as the
first layer may be washed away by the wind, rain, or irrigation. There is a possibility of breaking
down by the sunlight also.

1.4 Photos

Figure 1.1: Container Gardening

Figure 1.2: Kitchen Gardening

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 4

Activity 1

Figure 1.3: Watering

Figure 1.4: presentation on plantation

1.5 Learning Outcome

“Adopt a plant and years later, the same plant after becoming a tree will adopt you”. With this
plantation and adaptation of a tree, it is clear that tree plantation is the key to save the earth
from pollution. This is why many countries have now started to concentrate on increasing the
rate of tree plantation to make the earth a safer place to live for the future generation. One may
have learned all this in tree plantation in school essays. Every country should aim to increase
afforestation rather than deforestation. Tree planting is cost-effective, thus making it simpler
to achieve the goal of making the earth a safer place by making it free from pollution. The
effects of climate change can also be controlled by increasing the rate of tree plantation.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 5

Activity 1

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 6

Activity 2

Chapter 2

HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER

2.1 Objective

Historical on heritage tourism means travelling with the primary purpose of exploring the
history and heritage of a place. It may mean simple sightseeing of venoured historical
architecture, visiting local museums that document the past through artifacts, art and literacy
remains, or even something as quaint as sampling authentic historical recipes in their place of
origin. Heritage walk is a tool to explore the unexplored and neglected richness of the country.
It plays an important role for the development of history and character of the city through
generating interests and involvement of the local community in the urban conservation activity.

India is a pictorial kaleidoscope of beautiful landscapes and rich cultural heritage spread
throughout its opulent historical and royal cities that has been contributed by different people
and races over the period of time. Culture and heritage play an important role in building an
economically sustainable and cohesive country and need a special focus for promotion and
preservation SPIC MACAY aims to preserve the rich heritage of our country, so that it can be
passed on the generations to come by organizing heritage walk module. historian who explains
the importance of the place and events associated to them walk and explore the place, reliving
not only the past but a living tradition. The real essence of the city is unearthed as these walks
highlight a vast range of architectural styles, and trace the city's social and cultural history.

2.2 Observations

On 13/12/2022 as a part of social connectivity and responsibility subject we 3CS-A students

visited Rani Abbakka Tulunadu museum at Bantwal we were extremely lucky to interact with
the genius behind this project Dr. Tukaram Poojary. Since 1993 he has pessimal travelled
across the tulunadu region to collect over 4000 exhibits like, folklore material artefacts, tools,
utensils, books, manuscripts, instruments etc. Moreover, he has undertaken countless research
projects using these material object and oral traditors to reconstruct the rich folk history of this
Tulunadu region.

We saw different types of rice vermicelli making instruments which were an influence
from Arab traders: We saw a tiger chasing instrument that makes a loud shrill noise to keep the

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 1

Activity 2

tigers away from the cattle. Since this region was ruled by Jain dynasties, nonviolence was
practiced by most of the subjects, and hunting was mostly for food and not as a sport.

We saw the different kinds of earthenware steam pots, evolve from having a hole at the
bottom to the recent one with a detachable plate inside. We saw different kinds of combs
including one made from a used coconut stick broom which is a reflection of the exploited
conditions and the state of poverty that most of the people lived in, at that era. We saw artefacts
from the ruins of a nearby Megalithic period archaeological discovery site at Badagakajekar,
which still has not been given the historical importance and protection due to it. We admired
the vast creativity of the local so called uneducated people of those times, who produced
brilliant varieties of items for use in the kitchen, house, fields or festivals to fulfil their changing
needs.

2.3 Information Gathered

History of Rani Abbakka Tulu Abhyayana Kendra: Rani Abbakka Tulu Adhyayan Kendra and
Tulu Baduku Vasthu Sangrahalaya is a renowned voluntary organization registered as a
charitable trust for studies in Tuluva History, culture and folklore. Established in the year 1995
by an eminent Historian and Museologist Dr. Thukaram Poojary, the Kendra has now grown
into a most prominent repository of the Tuluva history and culture. Founded well within the
city limits on the Mangaloro-Bangalore Highway at Sanchayagiri, B.C Road. Bantwal, about
20 Kms from Mangalore city, the Kendra attracts constant flow of visits by historians,
iconologists, Folklorists, linguists, anthropologists, folklorists, social scientists, students and
heritage enthusiasts from world over in addition.

The Kendra has successfully made its mark through hordes of activities ranging from
seminars, workshops, heritage tours, demonstrations, exhibitions, competitions, publications,
literary and cultural events and has shown a way for interpreting the past. It is a matter of great
pride that the Kendra has successfully stepped into its 25th year of engineering historical and
cultural awareness. During this span of its existence the Kendra has strived to reach out to the
people in elucidating the bygone and positively bridging the past, present and future. To make
this journey furthermore eventful the Kendra has embraced a series of resolute events in the
promotion of the Tuluva culture and heritage. She was the first queen to stand tall against the
Portuguese and fight them repeatedly, yet very little is known of Rani Abbakka of Ullal in our
history books as she has been relegated to the domain of folk memory and tales of foreign
visitors, twenty-four artists through the description of the various international chroniclers and

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 2

Activity 2

folk tales to life to create the entire saga of the region of Rani Abbakka Collection of objects
Poojary's family have single handed worked to spread awareness and understanding of the
intangible beauty of oral traditions, myths folklore combined with the study of the various
tangible objects displayed in the museum like arts, crafts, furniture, jewellery, books, spirit
worship masks. instruments, tools, vessels, toddy tapping items, pickle jars, pooja items etc.

Every object has a great story to tell about the past and the simple lifestyle of the locals
which this museum attempts to reconstruct today and to show their importance and connection
to future generations Tulunadu region used to be a donse jungle land inhabited with snakes and
tigers and simple hard working local communities like Koragan, Billavaa, Mogaveeras, or
Bunts. The professor couple dedicated their lives to the tales they "Every single object here
will talk to you and tell you way. More than what history books can ever tell", says Poojary as
he takes you on a tour of the Tulu Baduku Museum.

A land grant of age 25 years would make way for a large heritage village where in we
could then showcase it in a way that people of all ages could have exposes to these testimonials
of times and its evolution. At present we don't permit very young children as they won't be able
to understand by just watching a stack of objects. We need to curate a large display that puts
the Object into the context of usage", he reiterates. Remaking that repeated pleas have fallen
on deaf ears particular interest was a child's cradle made up of nine types of wood or a skill
testing instrument to check it a simple thread could be released from it or not. We saw a water
clock item used to measure time in those days, and got a fresh insight about a certain old
colloquial term called ‘galiges’. We understood the stories behind the popular Kannada
proverbs that we had heard as a child. We admired the replica of a thatched home with its
simple farming implements the stored rice bundles, the Cock enclosure etc. The replica of the
grand 'Guthu’ community home was a real to the senses along with a story that in the heavy
rainy season fishes could swim upstream to great heights and would sometimes be found on
the bed itself. The Tulu culture depicting book library and numismatic collections were recent
additions to the museum. Instead of just wandering among the exhibits and taking photographs,
we got u priceless knowledge tour of the museum along with the greatly admirable enthusiasm
of Dr Poojary.

2.4 Photos

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 3

Activity 2

Figure 2.1: Rani Abbakka Tulu Museum

Figure 2.2: Object

Figure 2.3: Visiting Museum

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 4

Activity 2

Figure 2.4: Object

2.5 Learning Outcome

Remembering renowned writer Shivarama Karantha words when they set out to make a file on
Rani Abbakka. he says, “unless you recreate the ambience of the sixteenth century, how will
you transport people to those times”.

"A museum has no end. have to keep collecting objects they have to be curated, the collected
articles have to be maintained, the takes are many”, he says, inviting us to another visit to come
hear, more objects talk and share their tales. Surely decades worth of ongoing efforts need
much more attention and appreciation from people and the System a like.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 5

Activity 3

Chapter 3

ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

3.1 Objective

Organic farming can be defined as a system of management and agricultural production that
combines a high level of biodiversity with environmental practices that preserve natural
resources and has rigorous standards for animal welfare. Furthermore, organic farming
responds to consumer growing demand for natural products and simultaneously allows to
preserve the environment in the context of sustainable rural development.

Organic farming, also known as ecological farming or biological farming is an

agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green
manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion
planting it originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
Certified organic agriculture accounts for 70 million hectares (170 million acres) globally. with
over half of that total in Australia. Organic farming continues to be developed by various
organizations today Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect
predators are encouraged. Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally-
occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance,
naturally-occurring pesticides such as pyrethrin are permitted, while synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides are generally prohibited. Synthetic organisms, nanomaterials, human sewage sludge,
plant growth regulators, hormones, and antibiotic use in livestock husbandry are prohibited.
Organic farming advocates claim advantages in sustainability openness, Self sufficiency
autonomy and independence. health food security and food safety.

3.2 Observations

On 22-11-2022 we had a talk on organic farming Mr. Steven Tellis. He taught us about how to
nature plants and get benefit out of it. We have organic farming in our plant. Protecting soil
quality using organic material and encouraging biological activity. Indirect provision of crop
nutrients using soil microorganisms. Nitrogen fixation in soils using legumes. Wood and post
control based on methods like crop rotation, biological diversity, natural predators, organic
manures and suitable chemical, thermal and biological intervention. Rearing of livestock,
taking care of housing, nutrition, health, rearing and breeding. Care for the larger environment

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 1

Activity 3

and conservation of natural habitats and wildlife. To seek out the presence of chemical
contaminants in conventional vs organically big crops. Promote a lot of usage of natural
pesticides. Management pests, diseases and weeds. Cultivate the soil in right time in right
manner. To push sensible soil structure, texture and fertility. To grief, read summary of organic
agriculture. To check regarding the benefits and downsides of organic farming. Increase
genetic diversity. Promote more usage of natural pesticides. Ensure the right soil cultivation at
the right time. Keep and build good soil structure and fertility.

3.3 Information Gathered

Organic farming system in India isn't new and is being followed from past. The term organic
farming was initial employed by lord Northbourne in the book of look at the land. Organic
agriculture in Asian nation started long back 1900 by Sir Albert Howard, a British Agronomist,
in a native village of north Asian nation and Organic farming initial coined by North Bourne
in 1946.The state of Sikkim associate degreed Uttaranchal Pradesh declared an organic state.
Organic farming system in Asian nation isn't now and is being followed from past. It's however
of farming system that primarily aimed toward cultivating the land and raising crops in such a
way, on keep the soil alive and in physiological condition by use of organic wastes (crop,
animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) associate degree biological materials in conjunction
with beneficial microbes (biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable
production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment. As per the definition of the United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA) study team on organic farming "organic farming
might even be a system that avoids or largely excludes the utilization of synthetic materials
such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives etc and to the maximum extent feasible
depend on crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade
rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection". FAO
recommended that "Organic agriculture might even be a singular production management
system that promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, as well as variety biological cycles
and soil biological activity, and usually often accomplished by victimisation on-farm
agronomic, biological and mechanical ways in exclusion of all artificial off-farm inputs".
Organic farming is that the production of crops and farm animals while not the employment of
artificial chemicals and inorganic fertilizers suggests that cultivation of crops in natural ways.
This method involves the utilization of biological materials, avoiding synthetic substances to
require care of soil fertility and ecological balance thereby minimizing pollution and wastage
Organic farming methods combine scientific knowledge of ecology and some modern

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 2

Activity 3

technology with traditional farming practices based on naturally occurring biological processes
Organic farming methods are studied in the field of agroecology While conventional
agriculture uses synthetic pesticides and water-soluble synthetically purified fertilizers, organic
farmers are restricted by regulations to using natural pesticides and fertilizers. An example of
a natural pesticide is pyrethrin, which is found naturally in the Chrysanthemum flower. The
principal methods of organic farming include crop rotation, green manures and compost,
biological pest control and mechanical cultivation These measures use the natural environment
to enhance agricultural productivity: legumes are planted to fix nitrogen into the soil, natural
insect predators are encouraged, crops are rotated to confuse pests and renew soil, and natural
materials such as potassium bicarbonate and mulches are used to control disease and weeds
Genetically modified seeds and animals are excluded.

While organic is fundamentally different from conventional because of the use of

carbon-based fertilizers compared with highly soluble synthetic based fertilizers and biological
post control instead of synthetic pesticides, organic farming and large-scale conventional
farming are not entirely mutually exclusive. Many of the methods developed for organic
agriculture have been borrowed by more conventional agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest
Management is a multifaceted strategy that uses various organic methods of pest control
whenever possible, but in conventional farming could include synthetic pesticides only as a
last resort.

Key Features of Organic Farming

1. Protecting soil quality using organic material and encouraging biological activity.

2. Indirect provision of crop nutrients using soil microorganisms.

3. Nitrogen fixation in soils using legumes.

4. Wood and post control based on methods like crop rotation, biological diversity, natural
predators, organic manures and suitable chemical, thermal and biological intervention.

5. Rearing of livestock, taking care of housing, nutrition, health, rearing and breeding.

6. Care for the larger environment and conservation of natural habitats and wildlife.

7. The farming of organic products is free of chemicals and fertilisers, so it does not harm the
environment.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 3

Activity 3

3.4 Photos

Figure 3.1: Before Organic Farming

Figure 3.2: After Organic Farming

Figure 3.3: Implementation of Organic Farming

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 4

Activity 3

Figure 3.4: Organic Farming

3.5 Learning Outcomes

From the prior conversation, it tends to be construed that organic farming. seems, by all
accounts, to be a practical, financial, and eco-accommodating. since there is no danger of
lingering poisonousness. It improves soil fruitfulness and yielded amount creation. An
expansion of fertilizer arranged from squanders that is FYM, neem-cake, bio gas slurry,
vermicompost and so forth keeps up organic manure in soil and now, we know that it has some
disadvantages but also has lots of advantages that cover up or that have ability to ignore the
downsides of organic farming.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 5

Activity 4

Chapter 4

WATER CONSERVATION
4.1 Objective

Although the earth is rich in water, only one percent is liquid fresh water, the form we require
for our highest priority needs. The demands on this liquid fresh water are growing, and many
scientists feel that a future shortage of fresh water will be eminent. Water conservation and
management emphasizes water quality protection, a growing area of employment and
environmental concern. Water conservation and management encompasses the policies,
strategies and activities made to manage water as a sustainable resource, to protect the water
environment, and to meet current and future human demand. Population, household size, and
growth and affluence all affect how much water is used. Factors such as climate change will
increase pressures on natural water resources especially in industrial and agriculture.

Water conservation objectives protect natural water bodies and their aquatic
environments. These objectives relate to the volume and quality of water to remain in rivers
for the protection of a natural water body and its aquatic environment.

• The aim of water conservation is to save water in any form. Water can be saved in many
ways through regular practice, campaigns, and awareness.
• The objective of water conservation is to protect natural water bodies. Its objective is
to protect aquatic wildlife.
• The objective of water conservation is to research the quantity and quality of water.
• Its objective is to avoid water wastage.
• It is really important to conserve water by all means.

4.2 Observations

Better water conservation and management has economic benefits and helps protect the
environment. The more water you use, the more you pay for water and sewer service on a
municipal water and sewer system. Excessive water use can overload both individual septic
systems and municipal sewer systems, thereby resulting in untreated sewage contamination of
fresh water supplies. Water conservation can extend the useful life of both community and
individual household sewer systems. Excessive withdrawals of ground water can lead to salt

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 1

Activity 4

water intrusion, a subtle environmental impact with long-lasting effects. These areas are
usually associated with large population centers or agriculture, where water use is high.
Agriculture is our most essential industry, but it is also our largest consumer of fresh water.
Water conservation and management will become bigger issues for agriculture and
metropolitan areas as they compete for limited fresh water resources in the future. Water
Conservation & Management (WCM) is a collaborated publishing project under VOLKSON
PRESS and Zibeline International Conservation of water mainly refers to protect, preserve, and
control the usage of water and its resources. It is the system introduced to manage freshwater,
reduce the wastage and protect the water and its resources in order to reduce and to avoid the
scarcity. Therefore, we all should come forward to create awareness about conservation of
water among our own friends, family, neighbours, society, etc. Conservation of water is very
much essential as it saves life on earth.

4.3 Information Gathered

Chemical composition of ground water is related to the soluble products of rock weathering
and decomposition and changes with respect to time and space. Geochemical studies provide
a complete knowledge of the water resources of a hydrological regimen. Sampling and testing
in an area with some good quality and some Poor Quality water should serve to differentiate
areas and aquifers of varying quality and on the results of these study recommendations can be
made regarding different uses to which water in various areas and aquifers can be put.

Geochemical studies are also of value with respect to water use. They provide a better
understanding of possible changes in quality as development progresses, which can in turn
provide information about the limits of total development, or can permit planning for
appropriate treatment that may be required as the result of future changes in the quality of water
supply. India is majorly dependent on groundwater for irrigation and is pumping out the lion's
share of the global volume of groundwater. Around 70% of food production in India is done
with the help of irrigation wells.

4.3.1 RCC WATER TANK DESIGN BASIS:

• The design depends on the location of tanks i.e, overhead, on ground or underground
water tanks.
• The tanks can be made in different shapes usually circular and rectangular shapes are
mainly used.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 2

Activity 4

• The tanks can be made of RCC or even of steel.

• Circular water tanks have been shown by numerous studies to be more economical in
terms of materials than square or rectangular tanks of comparable volume.

However, this over-dependence on groundwater is leading to a groundwater crisis.

There is a need for a holistic action plan for groundwater conservation. The UNESCO World
Water Development Report, 2018 states that India is the largest extractor of groundwater in the
world. Of In India, construction of irrigation wells does not require any clearance and no
records are maintained of abandoned wells. Thus, ground water is the largest source of fresh
water on the planet excluding the polar icecaps and glaciers. The amount of ground water
within 800 m from the ground surface is over 30 times the amount in all fresh water lakes and
reservoirs, and about 3000 times the amount in stream channels, at any one time. Water
conservation can extend the useful life of both community and individual household sewer
systems. Agriculture is our most essential industry, but it is also our largest consumer of fresh
water.

TEN WAYS TO PROTECT AND CONSERVE GROUNDWATER

1. Go Native: Use native plants in your landscape. They look great, and don't need much water
or fertilizer. Choose grass varieties for your lawn that are adapted for your region's climate,
reducing the need for extensive watering or chemical applications.

2. Reduce Chemical Use: Use fewer chemicals around your home and yard, and make sure to
dispose of them properly - don't dump them on the ground!

3. Manage Waste: Properly dispose of potentially toxic substances like unused chemicals,
paint, motor oil, pharmaceuticals, and other substances. Many communities hold household
hazardous waste collections or sites – contact your local health department to find one near
you.

4. Don't Let It Run: Shut off the water when you brush your teeth or shaving.

5. Fix the Drip: Check all the faucets, fixtures, toilets, and taps in your home for leaks and fix
them right away, or install water conserving models.

6. Wash Smarter: Limit yourself to just a five minute shower, and challenge your family
members to do the same!

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 3

Activity 4

7. Water Wisely: Water the lawn and plants during the coolest parts of the day and only when
they truly need it.

8. Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle: Reduce the amount of "stuff" you use and reuse what your
can. Recycle paper, plastic, cardboard, glass, aluminium and other materials.

9. Natural Alternatives: Materials such as lemon juice, baking soda, and vinegar make great
cleaning products, are inexpensive, and environmentally-friendly.

10. Learn and Do More! Get involved in water education! Learn more about groundwater and
share your knowledge with others.

4.4 Photos

Figure 4.1: Underground Water

Figure 4.2: Underground Water

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 4

Activity 4

Figure 4.3: Underwater Conservation

4.5 Learning Outcome

Groundwater resources can help meet demand, but too much of it is being withdrawn and some
of it is being polluted. The rate at which water infiltrates into the ground depends on the
permeability of the rocks and the state of the ground surface. Below the ground surface there
is an unsaturated zone which has air in the pore spaces, and a saturated zone which has all the
pores filled with water. The water table is the boundary between the unsaturated zone and the
saturated zone, and is the level at which water stands in wells. Water below the water table is
called groundwater. The water table follows the topography of the ground surface but with
more gentle gradients. The best and simplest plus cost-effective technique is direct recharge
of groundwater which further includes ditch & furrow method, percolation tanks and
recharge of dug wells or hand pumps. In addition, case histories of two of the states are
also discussed to explain the type of techniques used there and provide sustainability to
groundwater development.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 5

Activity 5

Chapter 5

FOOD WALK
5.1 Objective

Food is the basic material that the body needs for its survival and well-being. The human diet
is not restricted to any special category of Food. The human body needs a variety of the
following five nutrients – protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals – which comes
from the Food we eat to stay healthy, active, and productive. Firstly, protein is required to
build, maintain, and restore blood, muscle, bones, and skin, and organs in the body. There are
such a wide range of cooking styles and food inclinations worked by social and ethnic
foundations, topographical areas, and social classes. India is a place that is known for flavours,
Africa is a mainland of sauces, Europe unveils esthetical excellence of Food and opens up new
chances and innovations for the individuals who esteem.

Food is the basic human need to stay alive. Moreover, it is the need of every living
organism. Therefore, it is important that we should not waste food. Our world consists of
different types of cultures. These cultures have varieties of dishes of food in them. Thus, all
the dishes have different taste. Furthermore, our nature provides us a variety of food. From
fruits to vegetables, from Dairy food to seafood everything is available. Different countries
have their own specialty of dishes.

5.2 Observations

As a part of Social Connectivity and Responsibility subject, I have chosen my traditional food
has Holige and Upma. Food is very important for every living being to stay alive. Food is the
basic material that the body needs for its survival and well-being. There are such various
cooking styles and food inclinations worked by social and ethnic foundations, topographical
areas, and social classes. India is a place that is known for flavours, Africa is a mainland of
sauces, Europe reveals esthetical excellence of Food and opens up new chances and
innovations for the individuals who esteem and appreciate eating. The human body needs a
variety of the following five nutrients – protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals –
which comes from the Food we eat to stay healthy, active, and productive. Firstly, protein is
required to build, maintain, and restore blood, muscle, bones, and skin, and organs in the body.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 1

Activity 5

You should inculcate the habit of eating healthy things so that they will keep you healthy and
you should avoid eating junk food since it affects your health.

In other words, we should take only that much that our stomach can allow. Or else there
will be wasting of food. In India there are many people living in slums, they do not have proper
shelter. Moreover, they are not able to have even a one-time meal. They starve for days and are
always in a state of sickness. Many children are there on roads who are labouring to get a daily
meal. After seeing conditions like these people should not dare to waste food. Moreover, we
should always provide food to the needy ones as much as we can. These were some of the
favourites of Indian people. Moreover, these are in almost every part of the city. You can find
it anywhere, whether be it in 5-star restaurants or at the side of the street as street foods.

5.3 Information Gathered

There are such various cooking styles and food inclinations worked by social and ethnic
foundations, topographical areas, and social classes. India is a place that is known for flavours,
Africa is a mainland of sauces, Europe reveals esthetical excellence of Food and opens up new
chances and innovations for the individuals who esteem and appreciate eating.

1) Holige:

Ingredients:

for dough:

• 1 cup maida
• 1/4 tsp turmeric
• 1/4 tsp salt
• ½ cup water (or as required)
• 1/4 cup oil (to soak)

for stuffing:

• 1 cup chana dal

• 3 cups water
• 1/4 tsp turmeric
• 1 tsp oil,1 cup jaggery
• 1/4 tsp cardamom powder

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 2

Activity 5

Instructions:

• firstly, prepare the dough and filling.

• after the dough has rested for 3 hours, knead the dough slightly and pinch a small ball
sized dough and flatten.
• place a ball sized prepared stuffing in center.
• bring the edges together and pinch off the excess dough securing tight.
• furthermore, dust the ball with rice flour and roll gently.
• roll in one direction making sure the holige is thin.
• now put this rolled holige over hot tawa.
• allow to roast on medium flame for a minute or till bubbles appear.
• flip over and cook both sides pressing slightly.
• finally, serve holige with ghee / coconut milk /mango rasayana.
2) Upma:

Ingredients:

• Rava
• Mustard seeds and cumin
• urad dal
• chana dal and Cashews
• Green chilies and Curry leaves
• Ginger, Hing (Asafoetida)
• Onion
• Lemon juice
• Garnish

Instructions:

• For Upma, heat oil in a same kadhai and splutter mustard seeds, followed by chana dal,
got a urad and cashew nuts. Saute until they turn light brown.
• Now add ginger and cook for a minute until ginger releases its raw smell.
• Add onion, green chilli and curry leaves and saute until onion turn translucence.
• Add in water, salt, sugar and allow it to boil.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 3

Activity 5

• When it starts boiling allow it it to boil for a 2 minute. In this way all the flavors will
infuse in water.
• Now at this stage add in prepared rava. Stir continuously while cooking to avoid any
lumps.
• When almost all the water is absorbs reduce the flame and cover with the lid for 1
minute.
• Remove the lid and sprinkle lime juice, coriander leaves and ghee. Mix well and Serve
immediately.

5.4 Photos

Figure 5.1: While Preparing Holige

Figure 5.2: Holige

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 4

Activity 5

Figure 5.3: while Preparing Upma

Figure 5.4: Upma

5.5 Learning Outcome

In conclusion, food is one of the basic necessities of human. Therefore, there should not be
such problem that can cause serious health issues to protect consumer rights. A wide variety of
scientific techniques have been developed to protect consumers and to screen for adulteration
in food. Thus, all the dishes have different taste. Furthermore, our nature provides us a variety
of food. From fruits to vegetables, from Dairy food to seafood everything is available. Different
countries have their own specialty of dishes. So we can conclude that to prefer traditional food
over junk food.

Department of CSE, SIT, Mangaluru Page 5