Optics Solutions

C2 - C BATCH - PART - II PHYSICS – OPTICS
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – I
CLARITY ACHIEVER : I
1. Among the following, pickup the correct statements when a light ray enters from one medium
to another
A) Some portion of light is absorbed by interface of two media
B) Some portion of light turns back into first medium in a definite direction
C) Some portion of light transmits to second medium if second medium is transparent
D) Total amount of light is conserved
Answer: A, B, C, D
Solution: By conceptual
2. Coming back of light into same medium from a boundary separating two media is called
A) Rectilinear propagation B) Reflection
C) Refraction D) Transmission
Answer: B
Solution: Definition of Reflection
3. Assertion (A) : The surface from which reflection takes place is called reflector
Reason (R) : Light comes back into same medium from a boundary surface separating two
media is called reflection
A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A
B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the A.
C) A is correct, but R is incorrect D) A is incorrect, but R is correct
Answer: A
4. Passage :
A light ray incident at a point ‘O’ on a plane mirror MM1 and reflected back as shown in figure
N
A B
i r
 d
M M1
O
B1
(i) In the above figure, ON is known as

A) Mirror B) Incident ray C) reflected ray D) Normal
Answer: D
Solution: The perpendicular line drawn at the point of incidence is called Normal.
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(ii) In the above figure angle '  ' is
A) angle of incidence B) angle of reflection C) angle of glancing D) angle of deviation
Answer: C
Solution: The angle between incident ray (or) reflected ray and the surface is called glancing
angle.
1
(iii) In the above figure BOM is
A) angle of incidence B) angle of reflection C) angle of glancing D) angle of deviation
Answer: C
Solution: The angle between incident (or) reflected ray and the surface is called glancing
angle.
(iv) From Laws of reflection, which of the angles are same always
A)  ,i B) i, r C) r, d D) d,
Answer: B
Solution: Angle of incidence  Angle of reflection
(v) By using Laws of reflection, deviation angle can be written as
A)   2i B) 2i C)   2i D)   
Answer: C
Solution: Angle deviation is the angle between reflected ray and the extended reflected ray
d  i  r  180,
i  r
d  180  2i
d    2i
5. Assertion (A) : Angle of incidence and glancing angles are complementary.
Reason (R) : Normal is always perpendicular to plane mirror.
Answer: A
6. Match the following by using above diagram :
N
A B
30 r
 d
O
1) Angle of glancing a) 30
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2) Angle of reflection b) 60
3) Angle of deviation c) 90
4) Angle between incident ray and reflected ray d) 120
A) 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b B) 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – d, 4 – b
C) 1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – d D) 1 – d, 2 – a, 3 – c, 4 – b
Answer: B
Solution: i) i  30
  90  i
 =90  30
  60
ii) i  30
then r  30 
iii) i  30
d    2i
d  180  2i
d = 180  2  30 
d  120 
iv)Angle between i and r is 60
7. When a light incident along normal
A) Angle of incidence is 0 B) Angle of reflection is 0
C) Angle of deviation is 180 D) Angle of incidence is 90
Answer: A, B, C
Solution: The angle made by the incident ray with normal to the surface is called as angle of
incidence (i)
Given that incident ray is present along the normal as shown.
R Angle of reflection is 0°
i Angle of incidence is 0°
r
180° d Angle of deviation is 180°
O 0°
8. When light ray is reflected

A) Frequency will change B) Velocity will decrease
C) Wave length will increase D) Intensity will decrease
Answer: D
Solution: When light reflects, from a boundary surface it separating into two media then its
intensity will decrease due to absorption of light
9. What is the angle of deviation for a ray which is incident with an angle 45 on the plane
mirror
A) 0 B) 45 C) 90 D) 180
Answer: C
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Solution: i  45°
d    2i
d  180  2  45
d  180  90
 d  90
10. If reflection takes place from a denser medium there will be a phase change of

A) 0 B) C)  D) 2
2
Answer: C
Solution:
N
A
B
i r
 d
180° O
If reflection takes place from a denser medium there will be a phase change of 180° .
According to Stoke’s law if light reflects from denser surface, a phase change of  rad take
place
11. The magnification of an object due to plane mirror is
A) 1 B) 1 C) 0 D) 
Answer: A
Solution: If m is positive the image is virtual and erect .
If the object is real, the image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect, of
i) same size and at the same distance from the mirror.
size of the image
ii) Magnification of plane mirror is m 
size of the object
(or)
In case of mirror, size of the image is equal to size of the object
12. Statement (A) : If our eye lies in the field of view then only we can see the image of the object.
Statement (B) : In case of plane mirrors object distance is equal to the image distance
A) Both A and B are true B) Both A and B are false
C) A is true, B is false D) A is false, B is true
Answer: A
Solution: If our eye lies in the field of view then only we can see the image of the object. In
case of plane mirrors object distance is equal to image distance
13. Calculate the shortest length of a mirror in which a man can see his full length
A) half the height of the man B) same size as that of man
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C) double the height of the man D) four times the height of the man
Answer: A
Solution: from the figure x  x  y  y  h
2x  2y  h
2 x  y  h
x y h/2
h
MM1 
2
H
y M1
y
E M
x
x
F
14. A beam of light incident on a plane mirror forms a real image on reflection. The incident
beam is
A) Parallel B) Convergent C) Divergent D) Perpendicular
Answer: B
Solution:
real image virtual object
these are convergent lines
Incident beam is convergent

APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - I
CLASS ROOM TASK
1. Statement (A) : Radius of curvature of the plane mirror is infinity.
Statement (B) : Image formed by a plane mirror is erect and of same size as that of object.
Answer: A
Solution: Radius of curvature of the plane mirror is  image formed by plane mirror is erect
and same size of object
2. Statement (A) : The field of view is the region between the extreme reflected rays.
Statement (B) : Field of view depends on the location of the object infront of the mirror.
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Answer: A
Solution: The field of view is the region between extreme reflected rays. It depends on the
location of object in front of the mirror
3. Focal length of the plane mirror is
1
A) 1 B) C)  D) 0
2
Answer: C
Solution: Focal length of the plane mirror is 
plane mirror
Object
f 
At the focal length of the mirror is independent of the medium in which it is placed and wave
length of incident light. To a plane mirror, Focal length of the plane mirror is 
(or)
Radius of curvature of plane mirror, R  
f  
4. An object is placed infront of the plane mirror of length ‘L’ at a distance ‘d’ on its bisector
line. An observer is at a perpendicular distance of ‘2d’ from that mirror. If the observer is
walking parallel to the mirror, upto what maximum possible distance be can observe the
image of the object
A) 2 L B) 3 L C) 4 L D) 5 L
Answer: B
Solution:
y
ii
2d L/2
L i
O i d L/2
y 2d i
L
tan i 
2d
y
tan i 
2d
L y

2d 2d
yL
Total distance  L  L  L
 3L
5. A man is standing exactly at midway between a wall and a mirror and he wants to see the full
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height of the wall (behind him) in a plane mirror (in front of him). If the height of wall is H,
then the minimum length of mirror should be
H 2H H H
A) B) C) D)
4 3 3 5
Answer: C
Solution: From H  x  x  x  3 x
x
OC  BC 
2
Here ABC, ADE are similar triangles
BC AC

PE AE
x
BC  , AC  d, AE  2d
2
x
2  d x  DE DE  x
DE 2d 2 2
Similarly PQ  x
H  x  x  x  3x
D
x B
E 2 x A
x C l
2
H x0 x
d O d
P
Q
H
x
3
6. An object is placed infront of the plane mirror of length ‘L’ at a distance ‘d’ on its bisector
line. An observer is at a perpendicular distance of ‘3d’ from that mirror. If the observer is
walking parallel to the mirror, upto what maximum possible distance be can observe the
image of the object
A) 2 L B) 3 L C) 4 L D) 5 L
Answer: C
Solution:
y
ii
3d L/2
L i
O i d L/2
y 3d i
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L y

2d 3d
3L
y
2
3L 3L
Total distance   L
2 2
 3L  L  4L
7. A man of height 170 cm wants to see his complete image in a plane mirror (while standing).
His eyes are at a height of 160 cm from the ground, then
A) Minimum length of mirror = 80 cm
B) Minimum length of the mirror = 85 cm
C) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 80 cm
D) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 85 cm
Answer: B, C
Solution:
H
A
5cm
E
80 cm
170cm 160cm
B
F G
Only min AB length of mirror required to the full image i.e., 80  5  85cm
The mirror should be kept at a height BG from the ground
 BG  80 cm
8. The image of an extended object, placed perpendicular to the principal axis of mirror, will be
erect if
A) the object and the image are both real
B) the object and the image are the both virtual
C) the object is real but the image is virtual
D) the object is virtual but the image is real
Answer: C, D
Solution: C: The object is real but the image is virtual
D: The object is virtual but the image is real
9. Passage :
If the light incident on a plane mirror and it taken reflection, in this process it is deviated 80 ,
then
(i) Angle of incidence is
A) 30 B) 50 C) 60 D) 70
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Answer: B
Solution: d  180  2i
80  180  2i
2i  100
i  50
(ii) Angle of reflection is
A) 0 B) 90 C) 50 D) 180
Answer: C
Solution: d  180  2i
80  180  2i
2i  100
i  50
i  r  50
10. If the object distance is 9 cm from the plane mirror, then image distance is ____ cm
Answer: 9
Solution: Object distance 9cm in the plane mirror, then the image distance also 9cm.
Reason: In a plane mirror object distance is equal to image distance.
11. If the height of the object is 5 cm and its position from the plane mirror is 8 cm, then its
magnification is________
Answer: 1
Solution: h 0  5cm u  8cm
plane mirror m  1
12. If the incident ray falls on the plane mirror normally, then angle of reflection is _
Answer: 0
Solution:
angle of reflection is zero
Plane mirror
i  r  0
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6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – II
CLARITY ACHIEVER : II
1. In a room having two adjacent walls and ceiling made up of plane mirrors
A) maximum number of images of an object formed are 7
B) maximum number of images of himself which a person can see is 6
C) all the images are erect
D) all the images are virtual
Answer: A, B, C, D
Solution:
plane mirror
  45
plane mirror plane mirror

360
n  1 if even 

360
n 8
45
 n  8 1  7
2. In case of three plane mirrors meeting at a point to form a corner of a cube, if incident light
suffers one reflection on each mirror
A) the emergent ray is antiparallel to incident one
B) the emergent ray is perpendicular to incident one
C) the emergent ray is in phase with incident one
D) the emergent ray is in opposite phase with incident ray
Answer: A, D
Solution: The emergent ray is ant parallel to incident one. The emergent ray is in opposite phase
with incident ray
3. A plane mirror reflecting a ray of incident light is rotated through an angle  about an axis
through the point of incidence in the plane of the mirror perpendicular to the plane of
incidence then
A) the reflected ray does not rotate
B) the reflected ray rotates through an angle 
C) the reflected ray rotates through an angle 2
D) the incident ray is not fixed
Answer: C
Solution: If the plane mirror is rotated lay an angle  in anti clock wise direction wise
direction but source is fixed then the reflected ray is turned by angle 2 in the anti clock wise
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direction
4. When a plane mirror is rotated through an angle  , the reflected ray turns through an angle
2 , then the size of the image is
A) doubled B) halved C) remains the same D) becomes infinite
Answer: C
Solution: When a plane mirror is rotated through an angle  , the reflect ray turns through an
angle 2 , then the size of the image is remains the same
5. A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror which makes an angle  with the horizontal the
deviation produced by the mirror is
A) 180   B) 2 C) 180  2 D) 
Answer: B
Solution:
90   90  
 d
O
d ?
180   90    2  d
d  2
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - II
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of incidence of 30 . The deviation
produced by the mirror is
A) 30 B) 60 C) 90 D) 120
Answer: D
Solution: i  30
d    2i
d  180  2  30 
d  120
2. An object is placed symmetrically between the two plane mirrors inclined at angle of 30 .
Then the total number of images formed is
A) 12 B) 2 C) 11 D) 15
Answer: C
2
Solution: n  1

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n  12  1, n  11
2 180
n 1
30
n  12  1, n  11
3. Calculate the deviation suffered by a ray which is incident on a plane horizontal mirror at an
angle of 60 (angle of incidence)
A) 30 B) 40 C) 60 D) 120
Answer: C
Solution: d  180  2  60
 180  120
 60
4. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle of 45 and a point object is placed between the two
mirrors. The number of images formed is
A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 7
Answer: D
2
Solution: n  1

2 180
n  1,
45
n  8 1  7
5. A ray of light is incident on a plane mirror at an angle of reflection 30 , the deviation
produced by the mirror is
A) 120 B) 130 C) 100 D) 140
Answer: A
Solution: r  30 
i  30
d    2i
d  180  2  30 
d  120 
LEVEL - II
6. If incident ray MP and reflected ray QN are parallel to each other then the angle between the
mirrors is
 Q
P
M N
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c 3 c
A) B)  c C) D) 2 c
2 2
Answer: A
Solution:
 Q
P irr
i
M N
We know for a combination of two mirrors kept with inclination  .
Angle of deviation for any incident ray is given by d  360  2 .
Here incident ray & reflected rays are said to be anti parallel
d = 180°
 180  360  2
c

2
We get angle between two mirrors = 90°
7. Two plane mirrors are separated by a 120 as shown in figure. If the ray strikes mirror M1 at 65
angle  with which the light ray leaves mirror M 2 is
V
M2
65 
V 120
M1
A) 50 B) 55 C) 65 D) 70
Answer: B
Solution: i  65  i  r 
then r  65
r    90 

 90  r
  90  65
  25
Now,     120  180
25    120  180
145    180
  35
x    90
x  90  
x  90  35
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x  55  i  r  then   55
8. Two mirrors are inclined at angle  . 9 images are produced for an object placed in front of it.
Then the angle between the mirrors is
A) 30 B) 36 C) 32.8 D) 35
Answer: B
Solution: n  9 images
 ?
2
n 1

2
9 1

2

10
360

10
  36
9. Choose the correct statement
A) Deviation formed by the combination of two plane mirrors depends on angle between the
mirrors only
B) The number of images formed by two mirrors inclined at an angle of 45 is 7
C) The number of reflections by two parallel plane mirrors depends on length of the mirrors
only
D) Convergent beam of light incident on a plane mirror forms a real image on reflection.
Answer: A, B, D
10. Figure shows, a ray of light is reflected successively from two mirrors inclined at angle  .
Then the angle of deviation is dependent on

B
O 

A
A)  B)  C)  D)    
Answer: C
Solution: d  360  2
11. Passage :
If the position of the object is a symmetrical w.r.t the two mirrors, then answer the following
questions.
(i) If   30 between the two plane mirrors, then number of images are
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A) 11 B) 12 C) 10 D) 9
Answer: A
360 360
Solution: No. of images  1   1  12  1  11
 30
(ii) If   72 , no. of images are
A) 6 B) 4 C) 5 D) 3
Answer: B
360 360
Solution: No. of images  1  1  5 1  4
 72
12. Match the following :
If the position of the object is symmetrical with respect to the two mirrors, then
Column - I Column - II
A) If   30 P) 7
B) If   45 Q) 5
C) If   60 R) 11
D) If   75 S) 4
A) A – R ; B – P ; C – Q ; D – S B) A – S ; B – P ; C – R ; D – Q
C) A – Q ; B – S ; C – P ; D – R D) A – R ; B – S ; C – Q ; D – P
Answer: A
Solution: i)   30
360 360
 1   1  12  1  11
 30
ii)   45
360 360
 1  1  8 1  7
 45
iii)   60
360 360
 1  1  6 1  5
 60
iv)   75
360 360
 1   1  4.8  1  3.8  4
 75
If the position of the object is a symmetrical with respect to the two mirrors, then
A) If   30 P) 3
B) If   0 Q) 11
C) If   120 R) 
D) If   75 S) 4
A) A – Q ; B – S ; C – R ; D – P B) A – S ; B – P ; C – R ; D – Q
C) A – Q ; B – R ; C – P ; D – S D) A – R ; B – S ; C – Q ; D – P
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Answer: C
Solution: i)   30
360 360
 1   1  12  1  11
 30
ii)   0
360 36
 1  1  
 0
iii)   120
360
 1  3  1  2
120
iv)   75
360 360
 1   1  4.8  1  3.8  4
 75
Inter Type questions:
14. If the position of the object is a symmetrical w.r.t the two mirrors and angle between the
mirrors is 72 , then number of images are __________
Answer: 5
Solution:   72
360 360
The no. of images are   5
 72
15. If the plane mirror is rotated by an angle 4 in anti clock wise direction, but source is fixed,
then the reflected ray is turned by an angle ____degree in the anti clockwise direction
Answer: 8
Solution: mirror rotated ' ' – reflected ray rotates ' 2 '
2  8
STUDENT TASK
1. Two plane mirrors M1 and M 2 each of these length 2m and are separated frame one another
by
1cm. A ray of light is incident at one end of mirror M1 at angle 45 . How many reflections, the
ray will have before going out from the other end
A) 100 B) 101 C) 200 D) 201
Answer: C
Solution: L  2m  200cm
d  1cm
  45
L
n
d tan 
200 200
n 
1 tan 45 1 1
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200
n  200
1
2. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 30 between two parallel mirrors as shown fig, at a
point just inside one end of A. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of the fig. The
maximum number of times, the ray undergoes reflection (including first one) before emerging
out is
2 3m
30
0.2m
A
A) 28 B) 30 C) 32 D) 34
Answer: B
Solution:
2 3m
30
0.2m
A
L  2 3m
d  0.2m,  30
L
n
d tan 
2 3 2 3 2 3  3 23
n   
0.2  tan 30 1 0.2 0.2
0.2 
3
 n  30
3. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle  as shown in the figure. Light ray is incident parallel to
one of the mirrors. The ray will start retracting its path after third reflection if
A)   45 B)   30 C)   60 D) all three

Answer: A
Solution:
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M2
90
  
M1
    90
2  90
  45
(if it retraces means fall normally on second face)
Page 9
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – III
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - III
CLASS ROOM TASK
1. An object moves with 5 ms 1 towards right while the mirror moves with 1ms 1 towards the left
as shown fig. Find the velocity of image.
1ms 1
5ms1
O
A) 7 ms 1 direction is towards left B) 7 ms 1 direction is towards right

C) 5ms 1 direction is towards left D) 5ms 1 direction is towards right
Answer: A
Solution: If Vm  Vmxiˆ  Vm ˆj and object velocity V0  V0x iˆ  V0y ˆj . Then velocity of image with
respect to ground is VIG  V0xiˆ  V0y ˆj  2Vmx iˆ ( Vmy ˆj cannot effect the velocity of image)
V0  V0x iˆ  5iˆ
Vm  Vmx  iˆ
 
VIG  V0x iˆ  2Vmx iˆ  5iˆ  2 1iˆ  7iˆ
(  iˆ indicates left)
2. There is a point object and a plane mirror. If the mirror is moved by 10 cm away from the
object, find the distance which the image will move
A) 20 cm B) 10 cm C) 30 cm D) Zero
Answer: A
Solution: d I  2d m  10  2  20 cm
3. Find the velocity of the image when the object and mirror both are moving towards each other
with velocities 2 and 3 ms 1 . How are they moving
A) 8 ms 1 B) 4 ms 1 C) 5 ms 1 D) 6 ms 1
Answer: A
Solution: V0  2iˆ
VM  3iˆ
VI   V0 xiˆ  2Vmx iˆ  2iˆ  6iˆ  8iˆ
4. In fig a plane mirror is moving with a uniform speed of 5ms 1 along negative x - direction and
observer O is moving with a velocity of 10 ms 1 . What is the velocity of image of a particle P,
Page 1
moving with a velocity as shown in the figure, as observed by observer O? Also find its
direction.
u  10 2 y
45
P
x
10 ms1 O
O
5ms 1
 1  1
A)  30 i  10 j  ms 1 , tan 1    B)  10 i  30 j  ms 1 , tan 1   
 3  3
1 1
C)  10 i  30 j  ms 1 , tan 1   D) 10 i  30 j  ms 1 , tan 1  
 3  3
Answer: A
Solution: V0  10iˆ  10 ˆj  object 
Vm  5iˆ  
VIG  10iˆ  10 ˆj  2 5iˆ  20iˆ  10 ˆj
Vobserver  10iˆ VI0  VI  V0  20iˆ  10 ˆj  10iˆ  30iˆ  10 ˆj
V 10  1
Tan  y      Tan 1   
Vx 30  3
5. A man runs towards mirror at a speed of 15m/s . The speed of image with respect to man is
A) 7.5m/s B) 15m/s C) 30m/s D) 45m/s
Answer: C
Solution:
v m  15m/s
v m  15i
v I  15i
vIm  v I  v m  15i  15i
  30i
Speed = 30 m/s
6. A plane mirror is placed at origin parallel of y – axis, facing the positive x - axis. An object
 
starts from (2m, 0, 0) with a velocity of 2iˆ  2 ˆj m/s . The relative velocity of image with
respect to object is along
A) Positive x – axis B) negative x – axis C) positive y – axis D) negative y – axis
Answer: B
Solution: V0  2iˆ  2 ˆj  VI  2iˆ  2 ˆj
VI0  VI  V0  2iˆ  2 ˆj  2iˆ  2 ˆj  4 ˆj
(along negative x – axis)
Page 2
7. A plane mirror and an object have speeds of 5 m/s and 10 m/s respectively. If the motion of
mirror and object is along the normal of the mirror then the speed of image may be
A) 0 m/s B) 10 m/s C) 20 m/s D) 25 m/s
Answer: A, C
Solution:
Case (i)
10 ms1
5 ms 1

VOm  5iˆ

VIm  5iˆ
VI  0
Case (ii)
10 ms1
5ms 1

VOm  15iˆ

VIm  15iˆ
VI  20 m / s
Case (iii)
10 ms 1
5 ms 1

VOm  15iˆ

VIm  15iˆ
VI  20 m / s
Case (iv)
 
VOm  5iˆ ,VIm  15iˆ
VI  0 m / s
(or)
 
VI  2Vm  VO
Page 3
 2  5   10 
= 20 (or) 0 m/s
8. If the object is at 5 m distance from the mirror. The distance of the image with respect to
mirror and the distance of the image with respect to the object
A) 5 m B) 10 m C) 15 m D) 20 m
Answer: B
Solution:
O I
5m 5m
OI  10m
Inter Type questions:

9. A man runs towards mirror at a speed of 8 m/s . The speed of the image with respect to the
man is____________
Answer: 16
Solution: Speed of image with respect to man = Speed of image – Speed of man
 8m / s   8m / s   16m / s
(or)
v0  8m/s, vm  0
vI  2vm  v0
v I  8
 vI  vI  v0
 8  8  16 m/s
Page 4
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – IV
CLARITY ACHIEVER : IV
1. If reflection takes place at the convex surface of a spherical mirror then it is called
A) concave B) convex C) plane D) both (A) & (B)
Answer: B
Solution: If reflection takes place at the convex surface of a spherical mirror then it is called
Convex
silvered Reflecting
surface surface
Convex mirror
2. If convex surface of a spherical mirror is silvered then it is called

A) concave B) convex C) plane D) both (A) & (B)
Answer: A
Solution:
silvered Reflecting
surface surface
Concave mirror
Concave mirror : If the convex surface is silvered then the concave surface acts as reflecting
surface and such a mirror is called concave mirror
3. The point on the spherical mirror at the middle of the surface is called
A) focus B) centre of curvature
C) pole D) radius of curvature
Answer: C
Solution: Pole : The point on the mirror at the middle of the surface is called pole.
C F P
Concave mirror
Where P is Shows Pole in the above figure
4. The centre of the sphere, of which the spherical mirror is a part is called
A) focus B) centre of curvature
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C) pole D) radius of curvature
Answer: B
Solution: Centre of curvature: The centre of the sphere, of which the mirror is a part is called
centre of curvature..
C F P
Concave mirror
Where C is Shows Centre of curvature in the above figure
5. A man of height 6m observes his image to be 2m height and erect, then the mirror used is
A) concave B) convex C) plane D) none
Answer: B
Solution:
mirror
object
image
6m
2m
image is erect (or) upright
2 1
   0.33
6 3
M<1 image is smaller than the object. So image is erect
6. The portion of spherical mirror from which reflection takes place is
A) focal length B) radius of curvature C) aperture D) both (A) & (B)
Answer: C
Solution: Aperture : The diameter of the enclosed circular portion of the curved mirror is
called aperture of the mirror.
P F C
Convex mirror
Where the enclosed circular portion of the curved mirror is a aperture
7. Statement (A) : Light rays close to principal axis are paraxial rays.
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Statement (B) : Light rays incident on a spherical mirror with a large aperture consists of
both marginal and paraxial rays.
Answer: A
Solution: Light rays close to principal axis are paraxial rays.
Light rays incident on a spherical mirror with a large aperture consists of both marginal and
paraxial ray
8. Assertion (A) : For spherical mirrors, angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection.
Reason (R) : Laws of reflection hold good for all surfaces.
Answer: A
Solution: From laws of reflection i  r . These laws are hold good for all surfaces
9. Among the following which do not depend on whether the rays are paraxial or not is
A) pole B) focus C) radius of curvature D) principal axis
Answer: A, C, D
Solution: The line joining the pole and the centre of curvature is called principal axis. Then
which do not depend on whether the rays are paraxial means the rays close to the principal axis
C F P
Concave mirror
Where Pole, radius of curvature, Principle axis are the examples of above condition.
(or)
The incident rays are paraxial or not, pole, radius of curvature and principal axis are do not
depends on paraxial rays
10. The mirror to be used to obtain a parallel beam of light from a small lamp is
A) plane mirror B) convex mirror C) concave mirror D) All
Answer: C
Solution:
P F C
Parallel beam of light
Page 3
When lamp is placed at the focal point of the concave mirror, a beamof parallel rays reflect
from the mirror
11. To trace the image of an object due to a spherical mirror, the minimum number of rays
required is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Answer: B
Solution:
P F
Minimum of two rays are needed for the intersection

12. The position of the image of an object due to spherical mirror depends on
A) object distance B) image distance
C) height of the object D) height of the image
Answer: A
Solution: Whenever the object distance will be change position of image of an object also
change
13. A ray parallel to principal axis incident on a concave mirror after reflection, passes through
A) pole B) focus C) centre of curvature D) all
Answer: B
Solution:
C
P
F
14. A ray passing through the focus of a concave mirror after reflection is parallel to
A) pole B) focus C) centre of curvature D) principal axis
Answer: D
Solution:
C
P
F
It follows laws of reflection

15. Statement (A) : A ray passing through the centre of curvature after reflection retraces it’s path.
Statement (B) : Centre of curvature and pole of a spherical mirror lie on the principal axis.
Page 4
Answer: A
Solution:
P F C
Because the ray incident normally on the surface

16. Among the following statements the incorrect one for real objects is
A) The magnification produced by a convex mirror is always less than one
B) A virtual, erect, same size image can be obtained by using plane mirror
C) A virtual erect magnified image can be formed using concave mirror
D) A real, inverted, same size image can be formed using convex mirror
Answer: D
Solution: Convex mirror always form diminished images
17. A mirror produces magnified erect image of an object. The nature of the mirror is
A) convex B) concave
C) plane D) neither convex nor concave
Answer: B
Solution: When the object is at in between focus and pole image is virtual, erect and
magnified
18. Among the following the one which is not the case with the image formed by a concave
mirror is
A) it may be erect or inverted
B) it may be magnified or diminished
C) it may be real or virtual
D) real image may be between pole and focus
Answer: D
Solution: The object placed between F and P in this case image is virtual, erect and magnified
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - IV
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. Relation between focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is
R 1 2
A) f  B)  C) 2 f  R D) All
2 f R
Answer: D
Page 5
R
Solution: f 
2
R  2f
1 2

f R
2. A concave mirror has radius of curvature of 0.2 m . Its focal length is
A) 0.2 m B) 0.1m C) 0.1 m D) 0.4 m
Answer: B
R
Solution: f 
2
.2
f  0.1
2
3. The focal length of a convex mirror is 20 cm. Then its radius of curvature will be
A) 10 cm B) 20 cm C) 30 cm D) 40 cm
Answer: D
Solution: f  20cm
R
f
2
2f  R
R  2 20
R  40cm
4. Ratio of radius of curvature to that of the focal length of a spherical mirror is
A) 1 : 2 B) 2 : 1 C) 1 : 4 D) 4 : 1
Answer: B
R
Solution: f 
2
2f  R
R
2
f
R : f  2 :1
5. A convex mirror has a focal length 0.5 m. Its radius of curvature is
A) 10 cm B) 100 cm C) 25 cm D) 2.5 cm
Answer: B
R R
Solution: f  0.5m  f   0.5   R  0.5  2  1m  R  100cm
2 2
Page 6
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – V
CLARITY ACHIEVER : V
1. A convex mirror is used to form an image of a real object, then identify the wrong statement
A) The image lies between the pole and focus B) The image is diminished
C) The image is erect D) The image is real
Answer: D
Solution: A convex mirror is used to form an image of a real object is virtual
2. For a concave mirror
A) virtual image is always larger in size
B) real image is always smaller in size
C) real image is always larger in size
D) real image may be smaller (or) larger in size
Answer: A, D
Solution: In case of concave mirror, the object is placed in between F and P image is virtual
larger than size of the object. Real image may be smaller (or) larger in size
3. For a mirror linear magnification ‘m’ comes out to be 2 . The conclusion can be drawn from
this is
A) mirror is concave B) mirror can be convex (or) concave
C) object lies between pole and focus D) object lies beyond focus
Answer: A, C
Solution: m   ve image is virtual and erect mirror is concave and object lies between pole and
focus
4. The minimum distance between the object and its real image for concave mirror is
A) f B) 2f C) 4 f D) Zero
Answer: D
Solution: The minimum distance between the object and its real image per concave mirror is
‘zero’
5. Assertion (A) : Radius of curvature of a concave mirror is 20 cm. If a real object is placed at 10
cm from pole of the mirror, image is formed at infinity.
Reason (R) : When object is placed at focus, its image is formed at infinity
Answer: A
Solution: R  20cm,u  10cm,f  10cm
1 1 1 1 1 1
     0
f u v v 10 10
v 
Page 1
6. The magnification ‘m’, the image distance ‘v’ and focal length ‘f’ of a spherical mirror are
related as
f v f f f v
A) m  B) m  C) m  D) m 
f f v v f f
Answer: A
1 1 1
Solution:  
f u v
v
m
u
v
m 
u
v v v
 
f u v
v
 m  1
f
v
m  1
f
f v
m
f
7. Among the following virtual image can be formed by
A) plane mirror B) convex mirror C) concave mirror D) All
Answer: D
Solution: All mirrors form virtual images depending on the position of object
8. An object is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm at a
distance of 8.0 cm from the pole. Then the position and nature of the image is
A) 40 cm, real B) 40 cm, virtual C) 20 cm, real D) 20 cm, virtual
Answer: B
Solution: f  10cm
u  8cm
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
  
10 8 v
1 1 1
 
v 10 8
1 4  5 8 10
 (or) v
v 40 8  10
1 1

v 40
Page 2
80
v
2
v  40cm v  40cm
Image distance is +ve. So image is formed behind the mirror. So it is virtual image
 40cm ,virtual
A) Concave mirror, u < f P) Virtual, diminished image
B) Concave mirror, u > f Q) Real, diminished image
C) Concave mirror, f < u < 2f R) Virtual, enlarged image
D) Convex mirror, u < f S) Real, enlarged image
E) Concave mirror, u > 2f
A) A - R, B - Q, S, C - S, D - P, E - Q B) A - Q, B - Q, S, C - S, D - P, E - R
C) A - R, B - R, S, C - S, D - P, E - Q D) A - R, B - Q, C - S, D - P, E – Q
Answer: A
Solution: We are familiar with following details describing the nature of images due to
convex & concave mirror.
For concave mirror we have
i) When u < f  virtual erect & magnified image will be formed
(ii) When u > f  real, diminished but inverted image will be formed
(iii) When f < u < 2f  real, enlarged but inverted image will be formed
For convex mirror we have
When u = f or u > f or u < f  we get always diminished, virtual, erect image will be formed.
List - I List - II
1) An object is placed at focus before a convex mirror A) Magnification is 
2) An object is placed at centre of curvature B) Magnification is 0.5
before a concave mirror
3) An object is placed at focus before a concave mirror C) Magnification is 1
4) An object is placed at centre of curvature D) Magnification is 0.33
before convex mirror
A) 1 - B, 2 - C, 3 - A, 4 - D B) 1 - A, 2 - D, 3 - C, 4 - B
C) 1 - C, 2 - B, 3 - A, 4 - E D) 1 - B, 2 - A, 3 - D, 4 - C
Answer: A
f
Solution: We know m 
p
f is focal length of spherical mirror.
p is distance of object from focus of spherical mirror.
i.e., p  f  u
Using above rule we can sought the details of images formed by any spherical mirror easily.
Page 3
O u=f P f F
(i)
Convex mirror u   f
We can have f = +ve
P = distance between object & focus  f   u 
= f + u = f + f = 2f
f f 1
So m     0.5
p 2f 2
O
u = 2f
P
C f F
(ii)
An object is placed at centre of curvature before a concave mirror
u  2f
Here f   ve
p  f u
  f   2 f 
p f
f f
m    1  m  1
p f
O
P
C F
(iii)
An object is placed at focus of a concave mirror
uf
f   ve
p  f u
f  f 0
f f
m   
p 0
m  
Page 4
O u = 2f P f F
(iv)
An object is placed at centre of curvature before convex mirror
u  2 f
f   ve
p  f  u  f   2 f   3 f
f
m
p
f 1
m 
3p 3
1
 m   0.33
3
11. The mirrors used near the sharp turnings are called __________
A) convex B) concave C) plane D) both ‘B’ & ‘C’
Answer: A
Solution: To make the vehicles moving in opposite direction at sharp turnings visible to each
other we used to place a convex mirror at turning point
12. Statement (A) : Concave mirrors are used in street lights.
Statement (B) : Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in head lights.
Answer: D
Solution: (i) Actually convex mirrors are placed behind the lamp of street light to spread the
light to cover large area.
(ii) But in head lights we observe concave mirrors present behind the lamp to increase the range
of visibility.
So statement (A) is false but statement (B) is true.
Street light
B
(i)
Page 5
Head light
P B
F
(ii)
13. Assertion (A) : Convex mirror is used as a rear view mirror in automobiles.
Reason (R) : The field view of convex mirror is more.
Answer: A
Solution: Convex mirror is used as a rear view mirror in auto mobiles because they have large
field of view
14. Assertion (A) : Concave mirror is used as a shaving mirror.
Reason (R) : When an object is placed between pole and focus of a concave mirror, a virtual,
erect and magnified image is formed.
Answer: A
Solution: Concave mirror is used as a shaving mirror. When the object placed between P and
F of a concave mirror, a virtual, erect & magnified image is formed. So we can have
magnified features of face to make clean shave
15. The mirror used in ATM centres is
A) concave B) convex
C) plane D) either plane or concave
Answer: B
Solution: In Automated telling machines we are using convex mirror because of its larger field
of view.
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - V
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. A convex mirror has radius of curvature 20cm. Then the position of the image of an object
placed at a distance of 12 cm from the mirror is
60 30 11 11
A) cm B) cm C) cm D) cm
11 11 60 30
Answer: A
Solution:
Page 6
R = 20
C F I P O
u = 12 cm
R  20cm
u  12
f  10 cm (Since they are measured according to direction of light ray)
R 20
f    10cm
2 2
u  12cm
We know
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
  
10 12 v
1 1 1 60
  v  cm
v 10 12 11
Hence Image is virtual and forms behind the mirror
2. A concave mirror having radius of curvature 40 cm is placed in front of an illuminated point
source at a distance of 30 cm from it. Then the location of the image is
A) 60 cm from the mirror on the opposite side of the object
B) 60 cm from the mirror on the same side of the object
C) 30 cm from the mirror on the opposite side of the object
D) 30 cm from the mirror on the same side of the object
Answer: B
Solution: R   40cm
R 40
f   20cm
2 2
u   30cm
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
 
20 30 v
1 1 1
 
v 20 30
1 30  20

v 600
1 10

v 600
Page 7
v   60cm
v  60cm and image is formed at same side of object
3. The distance of the object from a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm so that image size is
four times the size of the object will be
A) 12.5 cm B) 10 cm C) 7.5 cm D) 15 cm
Answer: A, C
Solution: Given that
size of the image
 4 , f = 10 cm
size of the object
Case (i):
We can get image size is four times that of object size as shown
C F
If image is virtual
m  4
v
m
u
u=?
f  10 cm
v
4
u
v
u , f  10 cm , v   4u
4
1 1 1
We know  
f u v
1 1 1
 
10 u 4u
1 3

10 4u
30
u   7.5 cm
4
v   4u   4  7.5  30 cm
Case (ii):
I
C F P
If image is real
Page 8
m  4
v
4 
u
 v  4u
f  10 cm
u=?
1 1 1
We know  
u v f
1 1 1
 
u 4u 10
4  1 1

4u 10
 50  4u
50
u   12.5 cm
4
v  4u  4  12.5  50 cm
4. An object is 30 cm from a spherical mirror, along the central axis. The absolute value of
1
lateral magnification is . The image produced is inverted. The focal length of the mirror is
2
A) f = 15 cm B) f   10cm C) f   20cm D) f   25cm
Answer: B
Solution: Given that an objects placed
u  30cm from a spherical mirror.
1 1 1
Absolute volume of lateral magnification m   m  or
2 2 2
1
Image produced is inverted. So we take m 
2
v
We know m 
u
1  v

2 u
 u   30 
v   15cm
2 2
1 1 1
We know  
u v f
1 1 1
 
30 15 f
2  1 1

30 f
f  10cm .
Page 9
For a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm, match the following.
A) 10 cm P) Magnified, inverted and real
B) 30 cm Q) Equal size, inverted and real
C) 40 cm R) Diminished, inverted and real
D) 50 cm S) Magnified, errect and virtual
A) A – S ; B – P ; C – Q ; D – R B) A – P ; B – Q ; C – R ; D – S
C) A – Q ; B – R ; C – S ; D – P D) A – R ; B – S ; C – P ; D – Q
Answer: A
Solution: Matching
Given that for a concave mirror
f   20 cm  R   40 cm
(i) For u  10 cm , we get object is present between pole (P) & focus (F) so we get magnified ,
virtual and erect image.
(ii) For u  30 cm ,
Here objects present between focus (F) and center of curvature C.
So we get magnified, inverted and real image.
(iii) For u  40 cm ,
Here object is present at centre of curvature
So we get equal size, inverted and real image.
(iv) For u  50 cm ,
Here object is present beyond centre of curvature so we get diminished, inverted and real
image.
6. For a spherical mirror, the graph of 1/v vs 1/u is
1/v 1/v 1/v 1/v
A) B) C) D)
1/u 1/u 1/u 1/u

Answer: C
1 1 1
Solution: The mirror equation is: + =
v u f
It us a relation between the distance of image from the pole and distance of object from the
pole. Since for a concave mirror, the focus is negative, i.e., on the left side of the mirror and
for convex it is positive thus difference between the graph 1/u vs1/v can be seen as:
LEVEL - II
7. An object and it’s image by a mirror of focal length ‘f’ have distances from the focus in the
ratio 1 : 4, the object distance is
A) f/2 B) 2f C) 3f/2 D) 2f/3
Answer: C
Page 10
Solution: u  f  x
x uf
v  f  4x
4x  v  f
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 uv

f uv
 f  x  f  4 x 
f
f  x  f  4x
f 2  4 xf  xf  4 x 2
f
2f  5 x
f  2f  5x   f 2 4xf  xf  4x 2
2f 2  5xf  f 2 5xf  4x2
2f 2 f 2  4x2
f 2  4x2
f2
x2 
4
f
x
2
u  f  x
f
f 
2
2f  f
u
2
3f
u 
2
8. The focal length of a concave mirror is ‘f’ and the distance of the object to principal focus is
‘p’. Then the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the object is
f  p  f   f  p 
A)   B) pf C)   D)  
 p   f   p 
Answer: A
Solution: f  f , u    p  f 
v  ?
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
  
f pf v
1 1 1
 
v f pf
Page 11
1 p  f  f

v f p  f 
1 p

v f p  f 
f  p  f 
v
p
But magnification is
size of image
m
size of object
image distance

object distance
f  p  f  f  p  f 
p p f
 
 p  f   p  f  p
f
 Ratio is
p
9. If concave mirror produces a real image of magnification ‘m’ and the focal length of the
mirror is ‘f’, then the object distance is
A)  m  1 f B)  m 1 f/m C)  m 1 f D) m 1 f/m
Answer: D
v
Solution: f  f , m 
u
1 1 1
   
f u mu
1  m  1

f mu
 m  1 f
u
m
10. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. If an object is placed at a distance of 30 cm
from the pole of the mirror then the image distance and transverse magnification are
respectively
A) 60 cm, 2 B) 60 cm, 3 C) 50 cm, 2 D) 50 cm, 3
Answer: A
Solution: f  20cm, u  30cm, v  ?
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
 
20 30 v
Page 12
1 1 1
 
v 20 30
1 3  2

v 60
1 1

v 60
v   60cm (image distance)
v
m
u
v
m
u
60   60 
m  or  m   2 (or)
30 30
m  2
11. The image formed by a convex mirror of focal length 30cm is quarter of the size of the object.
Then the distance of the object from the mirror is
A) 90 cm B) 120 cm C) 60 cm D) 30 cm
Answer: A
size of image
m
size of object
1
m
4
v
m
u
1 v
 
u u
u   4v
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
 
30 4v v
1 1  4

30 4v
1 3

30 4v
90
v
4
90
u  4v  4 
9
object distance  90cm
Page 13
(or)
v 1
m 
4 4
u
v
4
1 1 1 
f  30cm    
f u v 
1 1 4 3
    u  90 cm
30 4 4 4
12. An object of 1 cm high is placed at 10 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm.
Then its magnification is A. Then A = _________
Answer: 3
1 1 1
Solution:  
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 1 32
      
15 v 10 v 10 15 30
V  30 cm
v 30
m  3
u 10
13. In the figure shown, consider the first reflection at the plane mirror and second at the convex
mirror, AB is object.
R  120cm
v
A B C
10cm 10cm
50cm
A) the second image is real and inverted with magnification 1/5

B) the second image is virtual and errect with magnification 1/5
C) the second image moves towards the convex mirror
D) the second image moves away from the convex mirror
Answer: B, C
Solution:
v
| |
B A A B C
10 cm
50cm
60cm
90cm
u1  60 and u 2  90
Page 14
1 1 1
 
60 v1 60
v1  30
1 1 1
 
90 v2 60
v2  36
v2  v1  36  30  6 cm
v v 6 1
m 2 1  
v2  v1 30 5
For a mirror v1  m2v0
Convex mirror makes virtual image.
14. Using a convex mirror we can have
A) real image of a real object B) virtual image of a real object
C) real image of a virtual object D) virtual image of a virtual object
Answer: B, C, D
1 1 1
Solution:  
v u f
uf
v , here ‘f’ is +ve
u f
For real object: ‘u’ is negative, so ‘v’ is always +ve. Hence only virtual image is possible for a
real object.
For virtual object: ‘u’ is +ve. Here ‘v’ can be negative (for u < f) and positive (for u > f). So
image can be real as well as virtual.
15. Passage :
A convex mirror and a concave mirror are placed on the same optic axis, separated by distance
L = 20 cm. The radius of curvature of each mirror has a magnitude of 12 cm. A light source is
located at a distance x from the concave mirror as shown in figure.
x
S
(i) The rays from the source returning to the source after reflecting first from the convex mirror
and then from the concave mirror for x  x1 , then
A) x1  6cm B) x1  8cm C) x1  12cm D) x1  10cm
Answer: B
Solution: For reflection at the convex mirror.
Page 15
f1 f2
v1
×
I1 u1 O x
L = 20
R
f1   6 cm
2
u1    20  x 
1 1 1
 
v1 6  20  x 
6  20  x 
v1 
26  x
This acts as object for reflection at the concave mirror.

u2    L  V1     20 
120  6 x  

 26  x 
  640  26 x  
   cm
  26  x  
f 2  6 cm ,V2   x
26  x 1 1
 
 640  26 x  x 6
78 x  3 x 2  1920  78 x  320 x  13 x 2
10 x 2  320 x  1920  0
x  24 cm or 8 cm
x  20 cm
The possible value of x i.e. x  8 cm
(ii) If the rays from the source returning to the source after first reflecting from the concave
mirror and then from the convex one for x  x2 , then
A) x2  6cm B) x2  8cm C) x2  10cm D) x2  12cm
Answer: B
Solution: For first reflection at the concave mirror and then at the convex mirror
u1   x , f1  6 cm
v1|   v1|
1 1 1 6  x
  
v1| 6 x 6x
Page 16
6x
v1| 
6 x
6x
v1| 
x6
 6x 
v1|  L    20 
x6 
6 x  20 x  120 120  14 x
 
x6 x6
u2    L  v1 
|
f  6 cm
v2|    L  x 
1 1 1
 
f   L  v1   L  x 
1 x6 1
 
6 120  14 x 20  x
After calculation finally we get x  8 cm or x  24 cm
A) An object is placed at a distance equal to P) Magnification is   
focal length from pole before convex mirror
B) An object is placed at focus before a Q) Magnification is (0.5)
concave mirror
C) An object is placed at the centre of R) Magnification is 1/3
curvature before a concave mirror
D) An object is placed at a distance equal to S) Magnification is  1
radius of curvature before a convex mirror
A) A – Q ; B – P ; C – S ; D – R B) A – Q ; B – R ; C – S ; D – P
C) A – Q ; B – S ; C – P ; D – R D) A – Q ; B – P ; C – R ; D – S
Answer: A
f
Solution: A) m 
f u
Convex mirror u  ve , f   ve
f 1
m 
f  f  2
f
B) Concave  m  
 f   f 
C) Concave mirror u   R  2 f 
Page 17
f f
m   1
 f    2 f   f
D) Convex mirror; u  2 f
f f 1
m  
f   2 f  3 f 3
15. When an object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from a concave mirror, the image is formed at a
distance of 10 cm. If the object is moved with a speed of 9ms 1 , find the speed with which
image moves_________________ (in m/s ).
Answer: 1
1 1 1
Solution:  
u v f
du dv
 2  2 0
u v
dv du
Or  2  2
v u
v2
Or dv   2 du
u
10 10
  9 ms 1
30  30
1
   9 ms 1
9
 1ms 1
STUDENT TASK
1. A point object ‘O’ is placed midway between two concave mirrors distance ‘d’ apart. Then
the value of ‘d’ for which object & image coincide is [Each mirror has focal length f]
A) f, 2f B) 2f, 3f C) f, 4f D) 2f, 4f
Answer: D
Solution: If d = 4f
B
O 2f
I
u  2f
M
U = 2f for any mirror. So image is formed at the same point
If d = 2f
B
<
O uf
uf I
M
Page 18
u = f again image in formed at the place of object as shown in the diagram
2. A car has a driving mirror of focal length 40 cm. Another car of same dimensions is 12 m
away from the mirror of the first car. The position of the second car as seen in the mirror of
the first car is
A) 36 cm B) 49 cm C) 39 cm D) 44 cm
Answer: C
u   12cm
  1200cm
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
 
40 1200 v
1 31

v 1200
v  39cm
3. In a concave mirror experiment, an object is placed at a distance x1 from the principal axis
focus, the image is formed at a distance ‘ x2 ’ from the principal focus. The focal length of the
mirror is
x1 x1  x2
A) x1 x2 B) x1 x2 C) D)
x2 2
Answer: B
Solution: u  (f  x1 )
v    f  x2 
f  f
1 1 1
 
f u v
1 1 1
  
f f  x1 f  x2
1  f  x2  f  x1 
  
f   f  x  f  x  
 1 2 
1 2f  x2  x1
 2
f f  fx 2  fx1  x1 x2
f 2  fx2  fx1  x1 x2  f  2f  x2  x1 
f 2  fx2  fx1  x1 x 2  2f 2  f x2  f x
f 2  x1 x2
f  x1 x2
Page 19
4. A 2cm high object is placed on the principal axis of a concave mirror at a distance of 12 cm
from the pole. If the image is inverted, real and 5.0 cm high then the location of the image and
focal length of the mirror are
A) 40 cm, 8.6 cm B) 30 cm, 8.6 cm C) 30 cm, 6.6 cm D) 10 cm, 6.6 cm
Answer: B
Solution: u  12 cm
h 5
m I 
h0 2
m  2.5 cm
v
m
u
v  2.5   1.2   30 cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
12  30 12  30 60
f    8.6cm
 12  30  42 7
Image distance = 30 cm
Focal length = 8.6 cm
5. When an object is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a mirror, the magnification is m1 and
when the object is moved 15 cm farther away with respect to the earlier position and the
m
magnification becomes m 2 . If 1  4, then the focal length of the mirror is
m2
A) 20 cm convex B) 20 cm concave C) 30 cm convex D) 30 cm concave
Answer: B
Solution: u1  25 cm, u 2  40cm
 m 1 
u  f
 m 
mu  mf  f
 f  m u  f 
m1  u1  f   m 2  u 2  f 
4  25  f    40  f 
100  4f  40  f
60  3f
 f  20 cm concave
6. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. The distance between the two positions of the
object for which the image size is double of the object size is ___________
Answer: 2
Solution: for real image condition
Page 20
 m 1 
u  f
 m 
3
u1   20  30cm
2
For virtual image condition
v
2  v  2u
u
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1
  u 2  10cm
20 24
du  30  10  20
 20cm  2m
Page 21
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – VI
CLARITY ACHIEVER : VI
1. When a ray enters into air from glass slab
A) its wavelength decreases B) its wavelength increases
C) its frequency increases D) its frequency decreases
Answer: B
Solution: When a ray enters into air from glass slab its wavelength increases
Explanation: As the light enters from denser medium to rarer medium ,the speed of light
Speed of light increases but the frequency remains same.
The relation between speed of light ,wavelength and the frequency is
v  
Where v is the speed of the light
  Frequency of light
  Wave length of the light
2. In case of refraction of light
A) frequency changes B) phase changes
C) speed changes D) wavelength does not change
Answer: C
Solution: In the case of refraction
1. frequency remain unchanged
2. wave length will change
3. speed will change
4. phase will remain constant
Option (C) is relevant among the given options
3. When light passes through a boundary, refraction will not take place it means that
A) light is incident normally on the boundary
B) the refractive index of the two media is same
C) angle of incidence is less than angle of refraction and angle of incidence is greater than
critical angle.
D) all the above
Answer: D
Solution: When a light ray is traversing the boundary separating two media
We may not observe refraction
1. if two media have same refractive indices
2. if Incident ray is travelling along the normal
3. if angle of incidence is greater than critical angle in first medium with respect to second
medium
Option (D) is relevant answer
4. A wave travelling in a rarer medium to a denser medium undergoes a phase change of
A) zero B)  /2 C)  D) 2
Page 1
Answer: A
Solution: During refraction no change in phase occur so phase change will be zero.
5. Duration of day time is greater than night time due to
A) Refraction of light B) Reflection of light C) Diffraction of light D) Scattering of light
Answer: A
Solution: Even after setting of sun and even before rising of sun, light rays enter into earth’s
atmosphere due to atmospheric refraction that is why we get length of the day is greater than
length of night by nearly 4 minutes.
6. The ratio of the refractive index of red light to blue light in glass is
A) < 1 B) >1 C) = 1 D) can be >1 or < 1
Answer: A
Solution: R in glass  V in glass
R
So, 1
V
7. The refractive index of a solid depends upon
A) colour of light B) pressure
C) both (A) and (B) D) neither (A) nor (B)
Answer: A
Solution: Refractive index of a transparent solid medium changes with wave length of light
that is colour of light
8. One cannot see through fog because
A) fog absorbs light
B) refractive index of fog is unity
C) light suffers total internal reflection at the droplets in fog
D) light is scattered by the droplets in fog
Answer: D
Solution: As light travels through fog, it gets scattered in different directions and does not
reach our eye. Hence we cannot see through fog
9. The bottom of a tank appears to be concave due to
A) Reflection B) Refraction C) Diffraction D) Scattering
Answer: B
Solution: The bottom of a tank filled with water, So the light rays coming from rectangular
bottom will move away from the normal and make the edges to appear as concave
10. A hunter wants to shoot a fish, in clear water. It should be aimed
A) Above the image of fish B) Below the image of fish
C) Directly towards the image D) In any direction
Answer: B
Solution: The fish present in the clear water appears as if it is raised up due to refraction of
light. So hunter should shoot below the image of fish.
Page 2
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - VI
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. Statement (A) : Just before sunset, the sun appears to be elliptical because of atmospheric
refraction
Statement (B) : Sky appears blue because of atmospheric refraction
Answer: C
Solution: Statement A :
As light rays coming from sun enter earth atmosphere at the time of setting of sun then lateral
separation between the parallel rays increases so sun appears to be elliptical at the time of sun
raise & sunset.
But statement B is incorrect because blue colour of sky take place due to scattering of light.
2. Assertion (A) : The frequencies of incident, reflected and refracted beam of monochromatic
light incident from one medium to another are same.
Reason (R) : The incident, reflected and refracted rays are coplanar.
Answer: B
Solution: (A) When light ray incident on a boundary separating two media then reflected ray
and refracted ray will have same frequency as incident light because frequency remain
unchanged at the time of reflection or refraction.
(R) Obviously Incident ray, refracted ray and normal remain in same plane here we get both A
& R are true but R is not correct reason for A.
3. When a light wave travels from denser to rarer medium, its
P) velocity decreases R) wavelength increases Q) frequency remains unchanged
A) P and R are correct B) Q and R are correct C) P and Q are correct D) all are correct
Answer: B
Solution: When a light ray travel from denser to rarer
1) velocity increases
2) wave length increases
3) frequency remain unchanged
So Q and R are correct
4. Out of the following, correct statement(s) is / are
Page 3
A) The setting sun appears higher in the sky than it really is
B) In glass, red light travels faster than violet light
C) The refractive index of diamond is greater than that of glass
D) Refractive index of a material is greater for red light than that of violet light
Answer: A, B, C
Solution: a) the setting sun appears higher than as it really present due to atmospheric refraction
b) In glass red colour beam have less refractive index than violet colour light  r  v because
R  v so velocity of red light is greater than violet light
c) refractive index of diamond is greater than glass diamond  2.42  g  1.5
d) refractive index of material for red colour light is always lesser than refractive index of
violet. Because R  v  v R  vv in a given material
so R  V
5. Column - I Column - II
a) 1  2 e) Snell’s law
b) 1 sin 1  2 sin  2 f) light ray bends away from normal
c) 1  2 g) light ray bends toward normal
d) 1  2 h) light ray goes undeviated
The correct match is
A) a  h; b  e; c  f; d  g B) a  f; b  h; c  g; d  e
C) a  h; b  f; c  e; d  g D) a  g; b  f; c  e; d  h
Answer: A
Solution: i)if 1  2 then light ray goes undeviated
ii) 1 sin 1  2 sin  2 is called snell’s law
iii) 1  2 light ray travelling from medium (1) to medium (2) will bend away from the normal
iv) 1  2 light ray travelling from medium (1) to medium (2) will bend towards normal.
LEVEL - II
6. The refractive index of water is 4/3 and for glass is 3/2 with respect to air. The refractive
index of glass with respect to water is
A) 1/2 B) 4/3 C) 7/8 D) 9/8
Answer: D

Solution: w  g  g
w
Given that a g  3/2 a w  4/3
Page 4
g 3  4
a g   a w  w 
a 2 a 3
g 3
 3 3 9
w  g  a  2   
w 4 2 4 8
a 3
7. Relative refractive index of two media is 0.80. In one of them, light has wavelength 6000A°
and travels at 2.4  108 m/s . This light is refracted into the second medium. Its frequency in the
second medium is
A) 4  1014 Hz B) 6  1014 Hz C) 2  1014 Hz D) 3.2  1014 Hz
Answer: A
Solution: Given that 1  2  0.8
So v1  v 2 , n1  n 2 , 1  2
 c 0 
    
 v 
1  6000Å  6000×1010 m  6 107 m
v1  2.4  108 m/s
v  n  v1  n11
v1 2.4 108 2.4 1015
n1    n1 
1 6 10 7 6
n1  0.4  1015  4  1014 Hz
So Frequency in second medium n 2  n1
n 2  4  1014 Hz
8. The speed of light in glass of refractive Index 1.5 is 2  108 ms 1 . In a certain liquid the speed
of light is 2.5  108 ms 1 . The refractive index of liquid is
A) 0.64 B) 0.08 C) 1.20 D) 1.44
Answer: C
 g  1.5 vg  2  108 m/s
l  ? vl  2.5 108 m/s
c c
We know g  , l 
vg vl
We can have g vg  l vl
1.5  2 108  2.5 108  l
Page 5
1.5  2 108
l 
2.5  108
3 2
l   1.2
5
STUDENT TASK
1. The refractive index of glass with respect to water is 9/8 . If the velocity and wave length of
light in glass are 2  108 m/s and 4000A° respectively. Then the velocity and wavelength of
light in water are
A) 2.25 108 m/s, 4500A° B) 2.25  108 m/s,5000A°
C) 3 108 m/s, 4500A° D) 3 108 m/s,5000A°
Answer: A
9 g
Solution: w g  
8 w
 g  2 108 m/s,g  4000Å=4000×1010 m
g  4 107 m
 g v w w
We know w  g   
 w v g g
g vw 9 vw 18  108
We know     v w 
w v g 8 2 108 8
v w  2.25  108 m/s
Now let us find w
 g w 9
 
 w g 8
9
w   4 107  w  4.5 107 m
8
w  4500 10 10 m
w  4500Å
2. A ray of light strikes a transparent surface from air at an angle  . If the angle between the
reflected and refracted ray is a right angle. the refractive index of the other surface is given by
1
A)   B)   tan 2  C)   sin  D)   tan 
tan 
Answer: D
Solution:
Page 6
Normal
Indecident ray N reflected ray
I R
air  
1  1
O transperant medium
r 2  
N| R|
refracted ray
Angle of incidence  
Let angle of refraction = r
We get from diagram
NON |   NOR  ROR |  R |ON
180    90  r
 r  90  
From first law of refraction
sin i 2

sin r 1
sin  
 
sin r 1
sin  sin 
  
sin  90    cos 
   tan 
Page 7
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – VII
CLARITY ACHIEVER : VII
1. Assertion (A) : An air bubble in a jar of water shines brightly due to phenomenon of refraction,
Reason (R) : Refraction of light is the phenomenon of change in the path of light, when it
goes from one medium to another.
Answer: D
Solution: Assertion (A) : An air bubble in a jar of water shines brightly due to phenomenon
of Total internal reflection
2. A fish from inside water sees a bird at a distance:
A) equal to its real distance
B) less than its real distance
C) greater than its real distance
D) equal to its real distance but displaced sideways
Answer: C
Solution: A fish from inside water sees a bird at a distance greater than its real distance
3. An electromagnetic radiation of wavelength  and frequency f, propagating in air with
velocity
v, is incident on a glass plate and is transmitted through. Among the following, the true
statement for the wave inside the glass plate is
A) the velocity of the wave remains unchanged but wavelength changes
B) the frequency and wavelength remain unchanged but the velocity changes
C) the wavelength remains unchanged but frequency changes
D) the frequency remains unchanged but wavelength changes
Answer: D
Solution: The frequency remains unchanged but wavelength changes
4. The ratio of the refractive index of red light to blue light in vacuum is
A) less than unity B) equal to unity C) greater than unity
D) less as well as greater than unity, depending upon the experimental arrangement
Answer: B
Solution: The ratio of the refractive index of red light to blue light in vacuum is equal to unity
5. A ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 as
shown in the surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray CD is parallel to the incident
ray AB, we must have:
Page 1
2 3
D 4
1
C
A
A) 1   2 B)  2  3 C) 3   4 D)  4  1
Answer: D
Solution: There is no deviation of light ray in medium 2 & 3
  2  3
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - VII

CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. A travelling microscope is focussed on a mark at the bottom of a beaker and then it is raised
by 2 cm. The depth of water poured in the beaker so that the same mark may be focussed
again    4/3
A) 8 cm B) 4 cm C) 2 cm D) 1 cm
Answer: A
 1
Solution: 2   1   x
 
 3
 1   x
 4
x  8 cm
2. The bottom of a beaker containing a liquid appears to rise by 4 cm. On increasing the depth of
the liquid by 12 cm, the bottom appears to rise by 7 cm. The refractive index of the liquid is
A) 5/4 B) 9/8 C) 3/2 D) 4/3
Answer: D
 1
Solution: 4   1   x
 
 1
7   1    x  12 
 
3  1
  1
12   
1 3 9 3
1  
 12 12 4
Page 2
4

3
3. A layer of oil 3 cm thick is floating on a layer of coloured water 5 cm thick. The refractive
index of the coloured water is 5/3 and the apparent depth of the two liquids is 36/7 cm . Then
refractive index of the oil is
A) 7/4 B) 5/4 C) 7/5 D) 5/3
Answer: C
x x 36
Solution: 1  2 
1 2 7
3 5 36
 
1 5/3 7
1  7/5
4. The base of a tank is a horizontal glass plate 8 cm thick    1.6  . Above this is a layer of
liquid of thickness 4.5 cm    1.5 and upon this floats a layer of water 12 cm thick
   4/3 Looking from the above, the apparent position of the spot on the bottom of the tank
is
A) 17 cm B) 19 cm C) 21 cm D) 35 cm
Answer: A
d1 d 2 d3
Solution: t   
1 2 3
 4.5 12
  
1.6 1.5 4/3
 5  3  9  17 cm
5. A lens forms a sharp image on a screen on keeping a parallel sided transparent slab between
the lens and screen, it is found necessary to move the screen through a distance ‘x’ in order
for the image to be again sharply focused. If thickness of the slab is ‘t’. then refractive index
of the material of the slab is
t tx  t  x
A) B)   C)   D)
x  t  tx  t
Answer: C
 1
Solution: x  1   t
 
t
 tx

t

tx
Page 3
LEVEL - II
6. A beaker contains Water and Benzene of refractive indices 4/3and 3/2 respectively one above
the other. If depth of each is 12 cm, apparent depth of the bottom of the beaker is
A) 16 cm B) 17 cm C) 18 cm D) 19 cm
Answer: B
12 12
Solution: Apparent depth  
4/3 3/2
 9  8  17 cm
7. A ray of light suffers refraction at the air glass interface of a parallel faced slab of thickness
10 cm. The angle of incidence and refraction are 60°and 30° respectively. The lateral shift of
the light ray is
10 5 10 5
A) cm B) cm C) cm D) cm
3 3 2 2
Answer: A
Solution:
B
30 60
A
30
60 d C
D
10cm
3/2
  3
1/2
AB  10/ cos 30
20

3
AD  AB sin 30
20 1
 
3 2
10
 cm
3
8. A fish 40 cm beneath the surface of pond sees a bird directly over head. If the bird is actually
15 cm above the water surface, the same appears to be seen by the fish above the water
surface at a height of    4/3
A) 10 cm B) 20 cm C) 25 cm D) 30 cm
Answer: B
Solution: h1   h
4
=  15
3
Page 4
 20 cm
9. A fish rising vertically to the surface of water in a lake uniformly at the rate of 3ms 1 observes
a bird diving vertically towards the water at a rate of 9ms 1 vertically above it. If the refractive
index of water is 4/3 , the actual velocity of the dive of the bird
A) 6 ms 1 B) 4.5 ms 1 C) 1.5 ms 1 D) 2 ms 1
Answer: B
Solution: 4.5 m/s
Speed of fish  3 m/s
Speed of bird  x m/s
Speed of bird as seen from denser medium   x
Relative speed  3   x
But, relative speed  9 m/s (given)
3 x  9
6 6 3
x  6    6   4.5m/s
  4/3 4
10. A point object O is placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm. A glass slab of
3
refractive index   and thickness 6 cm is inserted between object and mirror . Then the
2
position of final image if x is 5 cm as shown in figure is
6 cm
x
32cm
A) 15 cm B) 17 cm C) 13 cm D) 2 cm
Answer: B
 1   2
Solution: x   1   t  1   6  2cm
    3
For the mirror object at a distance of
32  x  30cm
u  30, f  10
 v  15 cm
When x = 5 cm light falls on glass slab on its return journey, so slab shifts the image by 21 m.
Hence final image distance is 17 cm
11. The bottom of a beaker containing a liquid appears to rise by 4 cm, on increasing the depth of
the liquid by 12 cm the bottom appears to rise by 7 cm. The refractive index of liquid is
Page 5
4 4 3 4
A) B) C) D)
3 5 2 7
Answer: A
 1
Solution: 4  x  1  
 
 1
7   x  12  1  
 
7 x  12

4 x
7 x  4 x  48
3x  48
x  16
 1
 4  16 1  
 
1  1
 1  
4  
1 3

 4
4
 
3
12. A bird B in air is driving vertically downwards over a water tank with speed 5 cm/s . Base of the
tank is silvered. A fish ‘F’ in the tank is rising vertically upwards along the same line with
 4
speed of 2 cm/s . Water level is lowered at the rate of 2 cm/s  water   . Then the speed of
 3
1
image of fish as seen by the bird directly A 10 cm/s . The value of A is
B
5cm/s
2 cm/s 2cm/s
F
Answer: 6
d
Solution: d App  h 

Vfw 4
VApp  Vbw    5  2    3  6cm/s
 4
13. The light shines the object, which is lying on the bottom of the pool, when the flashlight is held
1.2 m above the water surface and is directed at the surface a horizontal distance of 1.6 m from
the edge. Refractive index of water is 4/3 . If the water here is 4 m deep, then
Page 6
1.2m
1.6 m
4m
x
A) the angle of incidence of light at the surface of water is 53°
B) the angle of refraction of light is 37°
C) the distance of object from the edge of the pool (x) is 4.6 m
D) the angle of refraction of light should be greater than 37°
Answer: A, B, C
Solution:
i 1.2 m
1.6 m r
4m
x
1.6 4
tan i  
1.2 3
Angle of incidence i  53
4 sin 53
 
3 sin r
4 3
sin r    0.6
5 4
r  37
3 x|
tan r  
4 h
x|  3m
1.6m
5
1.2m 3
i

4
x  1.6m  3m 
x  4.6 m
Consider the situation in figure. The bottom of the pot is reflecting plane mirror, S is a small
fish and T is a human eye. Refractive index of water is  .Fish can see two images of human
eye, first due to refraction only and other due to refraction and then reflection. Distance of this
Page 7
image s from fish is S1 andS2 respectively. Human eye can also see the two images of fish, first
due to refraction only and other due to, reflection and then refraction. Distance of these images
from human eye is S3 andS4 respectively. Match the quantities of column I (with their values in
column - II).
T
H S
H/2
 1 
A) S1 P) H 1  
 2 
 1
B) S2 Q) H    
 2
 3 
C) S3 R) H 1  
 2 
 3
D) S4 S) H    
 2
A) A – P ; B – Q ; C – R ; D – S B) A – Q ; B – S ; C – P ; D – R
C) A – P ; B – R ; C – S ; D – Q D) A – Q ; B – P ; C – R ; D – S
Answer: B
Solution:
E1
F1
H S
F3 H/2
F2
E2
H   H
E1 at    H   H    
 2   2
 H  3
E2 at   H  H       
 2  2
Page 8
 H   1 
F1 at  HH  1
 2   2 
 3H   1 3 
F2 at  H H 
 2   2 
STUDENT TASK
1. A light ray falling at an angle of 45 with the surface of a clean slab of ice of thickness 1.00
m is refracted into it at an angle of 30 . The time taken by the light rays to cross the slab is
A) 2 ns B) 5.44 s C) 5.44 ns D) 5.44 ms
Answer: C
sin i 3 108 sin 45
Solution: We know,    2
sin r v sin 30
3 108
v m/sec
2
Distance travelled by light in the slab is
45
1m
x
30
1m 2
x  m
cos 30 3
2 2
So, time  8
 0.54 108  5.4  109 sec  5.4ns
3  2 10
2. A pole of length 1.00 m stands half dipped in a swimming pool with water level 50.0 cm
higher than the bed. The refractive index of water is 1.33 and sunlight is coming at an angle of
450 with the vertical the length of the shadow of the pole on the bed is
A) 98.6 cm B) 2.56 cm C) 51.6 cm D) 81.5 cm
Answer: D
Solution:
A 45
0.5m
0.5m
r
30
B A1
D
Shadow = BA1  BD  A1D  0.5  0.5 tan r
sin 45
Now, 1.33   sin r  0.53
sin r
Page 9
2
 cos r  1  sin 2 r  1   0.53
So, tan r  0.6235
So, shadow length   0.51  0.6235  81.2cm
3. An object P is focused by a microscope M. a glass slab of thickness 2.1 cm is introduced

between P and M. If the refractive index of the slab is 1.5, the distance should the microscope
be shifted to focus the object again is
A) 0.7 cm B) 1 cm C) 2.7 cm D) 0.6 cm
Answer: A
 1
Solution: x  1   t
 
 1 
x   1   2.1
 3/2 
 2
x  1   2.1
 3
2.1
x   0.7
3
4. Locate the image of the point P as seen by the eye in the figure.
1.0cm   1.4 t  0.4cm

1.0cm   1.3 t  0.3cm
1.0cm   1.2 t  0.2cm
P
A) 0.2 cm above P B) 0.4 cm above P C) 0.12 cm above P D) 0.8 cm above P
Answer: A
Solution:
  1.4 t  0.4cm
1cm
  1.3 t  0.3cm
1cm
  1.2 t  0.2cm
The presence of air medium in between the sheets does not affect the shift
The shift will be due to 3 sheets of different refractive index other than air.
 1   1   1 
 1    0.2   1    0.3   1    0.4 
 1.2   1.3   1.4 
= 0.2 cm above point D
5. A vessel contains water upto a height of 20 cm and above it an oil upto another 20 cm. The
refractive indices of the water and the oil are 1.33 and 1.30 respectively. the apparent depth of
the vessel when viewed from above is
A) 28.5 cm B) 56.5 cm C) 30.4 cm D) 63.2 cm
Page 10
Answer: C
Solution:
oil 20cm
water 20cm
 1  1 
Shift due to water t w  1   d  1  20  5cm
   1.33 
 1
Shift due to oil, t0  1   20  4.6cm
 13 
Total shift t  5  4.6  9.6cm
Apparent depth  40   9.6  30.4cm below the surface
6. A cylindrical vessel of diameter 12 cm contains 800  cm3 of water. A cylindrical glass piece of
diameter 8.0 cm and height 8.0 cm is placed in the vessel. If the bottom of the vessel under the
glass piece is seen by the paraxial rays, locate its image. The index of refraction of glass is 1.50
and that of water is 1.33.
water
8cm
8cm
12cm
A) 7.1 cm above the bottom B) 9.1 cm above the bottom
C) 10.1 cm above the bottom D) 12.1 cm above the bottom
Answer: A
Solution:
water
h  h1
h
8cm
h1 Glass
8cm
12cm
Given r  6cm,r1  4cm,h1  8cm
Let, h = Final height of water column
The volume of the cylindrical water column after the glass piece is put will be,
Page 11
 r 2 h  800   r12 h1
 or  r 2 h  800  r12 h1
 or  62 h  800  42  8  25.7cm
There are two shifts due to glass block as well as water
 1   1 
So, t1  1   t 0  1   8  2.26cm
 0   3/2 
 1   1 
and, t 2  1   t w  1    25.7  8  4.44cm
 w   4/3 
Total shift =  2.66  4.44  cm  7.1cm above the bottom
7. Consider the situation in figure. The bottom of the pot is a reflecting plane mirror. S is a small
fish and T is a human eye. Refractive index of water is _ . The distance (s) from itself will the
fish see the image(s) of the eye is
T
H
H S H/2
 1  1
A) H     above itself B) H     above it self
 2  2
 3  5
C) H     above itself D) H     above it self
 2  2
Answer: A
Solution:
Y H
S
H/2 S
H/2
S
(a)Let x = distance of the image of the eye formed above the surface as seen by the fish
H Real depth 1
So,    or  X   H
X Apparent depth 
H  1
So, distance of the direction image   H      
2  2
Page 12
H 3H  3
Similarly, image through mirror   H  X     H  H   
2 2  2
H 12 H
(b)Here   , so Y 
Y 2
Where Y = distance of the image of fish below the surface as seen by eye
H  1 
So, direct image  H  Y  H   H 1  
2  2 
Again another image of fish will be formed below the mirror
3H
So, the real depth for that image of fish becomes H  H/2=
2
3H
So, Apartment depth from the surface of water 
2
3H  3 
So, distance of the image from the eye  H   H 1  
2  2 
8. Passage :
Consider the situation in the figure. The bottom of the pot is a reflecting plane mirror, S is a
small fish, and T is a human eye. Refractive index of water is  .
T H
H
H/2
(i) At what distance from itself will the fish see the image of the eye by direct observation
1  1  H1   1  
A) H     B) H     C)     D) H  
2  2  2 2   2 
Answer: A
Solution:
A.h   H
H
Distance from the fish is    H
2
 1
 H   
 2
(ii) At what distance from itself will the fish see or observe the image of eye by observing
through mirror
3  1   3    3 
A) H     B) H     C) H   D) H  
2  2   2   2 
Answer: A
Page 13
Solution: Distance of image of eye with respect to mirror is   H  H
H
distance of image of eye with respect to fish   H  H 
2
 3 
 H   
 2 
(iii) At what distance from itself will the eye see the image of the fish upon direct observation
 1   1   1    1 
A) H 1   B) 2H 1   C) 2H 1   D) H  
 2   2   2   2 
Answer: A
H
Solution: A. d of fish 
2
H  1 
distance of image of fish from eye by direct observation is H   H 1  
2  2 
Integer type questions :
9. ‘n’ transparent slabs of refractive index 1.5 each having thickness 1cm, 2cm, 3cm ........... ncm
are arranged one over another. A point object is seen through this combination from top with
perpendicular light. If the shift of the object by combination is 5 cm. Then the value of ‘n’ is ..
Answer: 5
t t t
Solution: A.d  1  2    n
1  2 n
R.d  t1  t 2    t n
shift  R.d  A.d
 1 2 n 
5  1  2  3    n      
 1.5 1.5 1.5 
n  n  1 n  n  1  1  n  n  1  1 
5    1  
2 2  1.5  2  1.5 
n  n  1 1
5
2 3
n  n  1  30
n 2  n  30  0
n 2  6n  5n  30  0
n  n  6  5  n  6  0
n 5
10. How much water would be filled in a container of height 14 cm, so that it appears half filled
 4
to the observer when viewed from the top of the container    
 3
Answer: 8
Page 14
R.d
Solution: A.d 

x
14  x 

x 4 x  3x
14  x  
 4
7x
14 
4
 x  8 cm
Page 15
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – VIII
CLARITY ACHIEVER : VIII
1. Total internal reflection can takes place only if
A) light goes from optically rarer medium (smaller refractive index) to optically denser
medium
B) light goes from optically denser medium to rarer medium
C) the refractive indices of the two media are close to each other
D) the refractive indices of the two media are widely different
Answer: B
Solution: We know that T.I.R take place when light ray travel from denser medium to rarer
medium
2. When a light ray suffers reflection, at the interface between air and glass, the change of phase
in the reflected wave is equal to
A) zero B)  /4 C)  /2 D) 
Answer: D
Solution: When light ray suffers reflection we know from concept of reflection that Incident
ray and reflected ray will have phase difference of  c , if it is travelling from air to air, if it is
travelling from glass to glass phase difference will be 0
3. Assertion (A) : Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is minimum for violet colour.
Reason (R) : The wavelength of blue light is greater than the wave length of other colours
Answer: C
Solution: When light ray is passing from glass to air
1 1
we get sin C  but  
g 
Since wave length of violet  v  is minimum so v is maximum
 We get sin C for violet also minimum hence critical angle of violet is minimum assertion is
true
But in Reason : it is given B is greater than other colours it is false because
B  g  y  O  R in (VIBGYOR)
4. Assertion (A) : For total internal reflection, angle of incidence in rarer medium must be greater
than critical angle for the pair of media in contact.
1
Reason (R) :   , where the symbols have their standard meaning
sin C
Page 1
Answer:
Solution: For total Internal reflection
Light ray must travel from denser to rarer medium but in Assertion (A) it is said to be travelling
from rarer air to denser glass so T.I.R is not possible
So Assertion (A) is incorrect
1
In Reason(R)   is quite correct relation so Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is
sin C
correct
5. Assertion (A) : The images formed by total internal reflection are much brighter than those
formed by mirrors or lenses
Reason (R) : There is no loss of intensity in total internal reflection
Answer: A
Solution: During Total internal reflection we get intensity of incident light and reflected light
are equal. But during Reflection from mirrors reflected rays will have less intensity when
compared to intensity of incident rays. It happens due to absorption of energy by reflecting
surface.
So we get images formed by total internal reflection are much brighter than those formed by
mirrors or lenses.
Here we get Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct and R is correct explanation of (A)
6. Assertion (A) : Optical fibers are used to transmit light without any loss in its intensity over a
distance of several kilometers.
Reason (R) : Optical fibers are very thick and all the light passes through it without any loss.
Answer: C
Solution: Optical fibers works on basing T.I.R and transmit light without any loss of
intensity but optical fibers are thin
So A is correct, but R is incorrect because optical fibres are thin
7. Assertion (A) : Optical fibers are widely used in communication network
Reason (R) : Optical fibers are small in size, light weight, flexible and there is no scope for
interference in them
Answer: A
Solution: Optical fibers work on the principle of total internal reflection & they are used in the
field0020of communication since they are thin, light weight flexible &interference free
Page 2
8. Assertion (A) : Endoscopy involves use of optical fibres to study internal organs
Reason (R) : Optical fibres are based on phenomena of total internal reflection
Answer: A
Solution: Optical fibers are used to study internal organs in the process called endoscopy they
transmit light basing on the phenomenon called total internal reflection.
So Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both are correct and R is correct explanation of A
9. Mirage and looming are due to
A) reflection B) refraction
C) diffraction D) total internal reflection
Answer: D
Solution: Mirages and looming are due to the phenomenon called Total internal reflection
10. Optical fibres are based on
A) total internal reflection B) less scattering
C) refraction D) less absorption coefficient
Answer: A
Solution: Optical fibers work on the principle of total internal reflection & they are used in the
field of communication since they are thin, light weight flexible &interference free
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - VIII
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. If the critical angle for total internal reflection from a medium to vacuum is 30 , the velocity
of light in the medium is
A) 3  108 m/s B) 1.5  108 m/s C) 6  108 m/s D) 3 108 m/s
Answer: B
1
v m  , v m  Absolute refractive index of medium
sin C
c c
m  m  (refractive index of medium w.r.to vaccum = absolute refractive index)
v v
c 1
   c  30 
v sin C
 v  sin C  c , c  3×108 m/s
 v  sin30×3×108
1
v   3 108
2
v  1.5  108 m/s
Page 3
2. If refractive indices for water and glass are 4/3 and 5/3 respectively and light is tending to go
from glass to water, the critical angle is
A) sin 1  4/3 B) sin 1  5/3 C) sin 1  4/5 D) sin 1  5/4 
Answer: C
Solution: Given that w  4/3,  g  5/3
Light is travelling from glass to water then [ g   w we get critical angle]
w sin c

 g sin 90
1
w g  glass – denser
sin C
g 1

w sin C
1 5 4
  sin C 
sin C 4 5
4
C  sin 1  
5
3. The critical angle for light wave going from a medium in which wavelength is 4000A° to a
medium in which its wavelength is 6000A° is
A) 30 B) 45 C) 60 D) sin 1  2/3
Answer: D
Solution: Given that light is travelling from denser medium 1 to rarer medium 2 then
1 sin C  2 sin 90 (at critical angle C)
c c c c
1   , 2   (here c is velocity of light)
v1 n1 v2 n2
c c 1 
So we get sin c    1
n1 n2 sin C 2
 1  4000Å  denser medium 
 2  6000Å  rarer medium 
1 4000 2 2
  sin C   C  sin 1  
sin C 6000 3 3
4. The colour for which the critical angle is maximum in water-air system is
A) Red B) Violet
C) Yellow D) It is same for all colours
Answer: A
Solution: For water – air system let C is critical angle
w sin c  air
Page 4
1
sin c 
 water
But refractive index of a medium  depends on the wavelength of light  . The relation
between  ,  in a particular medium can be given as
B
  A 2

In a particular medium if  increases then  decreases.
We have red colour with maximum wavelength & violet with minimum wavelength
R  v So
 R  v
Critical angle for red CR , critical angle for violet is CV
1 1

sin CR sin CV
CR  CV
In VIAGYOR (seven colours)
c V  c I  cB  cG  c Y  cO  c R
Hence the maximum critical angle for water – air interface is maximum for red
5. Light travels from glass    1.5  to air. The angle of incidence for which the ray deviates
through 90 is
A) 30 B) 45 C) 60 D) 75
Answer: B
Solution:
air a
O d  90
glass g
i r
A B
Given that
Light ray is travelling from glass to air
AO is incident ray with angle of incidence = i
It gained a deviation d  90 and OB is refracted ray and reflected due to T.I.R.
Hence angle of reflection r = i
We get
i  r  d  180  i  r 
i  r  d  180
Page 5
2i  d  180
2i  90  180  2i  180  90
90
i  i  45
2
6. Out of the following, correct statements are
A) The refractive index of diamond is greater than that of glass
B) Refractive index of material is grater for red light than that of violet light
C) In glass, red light travels faster that than that of violet light
D) Refractive index of glass is greater than that of air
Answer: A, C, D
LEVEL - II
7. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at an angle of incidence i. The
reflected and refracted rays make an angle 90 with each other. The angles of reflection and
refraction are r and r | . The critical angle is
A) sin 1  tan r  B) sin 1  tan r |  C) tan 1  sin r  D) tan 1  sin i 
Answer: A
Solution: Given that A light ray from denser medium strikes the boundary separating
rarer medium angle of incidence = i
angle of reflected ray = r
angle of refracted ray  r|
let refractive index of denser medium  1
refractive index of rarer medium  2
r
i r
denser  2
90
rarer 1
We can have from diagram

r  90  r |  180
 r |  90  r
But i  r
for the light ray travelling from denser medium to rarer medium applying snell’s law
2 sin i  1 sin r |
2 sin r  1 sin  90  r 
sin r 1
 
cos r 2
Page 6
1
 tan r 
2
now we need to sought out critical angle
let angle of incident i = C then r |  90
2 sin C  1 sin r |
2 sin C  1

 sin C  1
2

but we know 1  tan r  tan i
2
sin C  tan i
 tan r
 C  sin 1  tan i  or sin 1  tan r 
8. Light takes time t1 s to travel a distance X cm in vacuum and the same light takes time ' t2 ' to
travel 10X cm in medium. The critical angle for the corresponding medium is
 10t   t   10t   t 
A) sin 1  2  B) sin 1  2  C) sin 1  1  D) sin 1  1 
 t1   10t1   t2   10t 2 
Answer: C
x
Solution: vr 
t1
10  d
vd   r  t 
t2
1
v m 
sin C
m 1

v sin C

sin C  r
m
1 v
   sin C  m
v vr
10 t
sin C   1
t2 1
10t
sin C  1
t2
 10t 
C  sin 1  1 
 t2 
Page 7
9. An optical fiber    1.72  is surrounded by a glass coating    1.50  . The critical angle for
total internal reflection at the fiber-glass interface is
 85   75  2 2
A) sin 1   B) sin 1   C) sin 1   D) sin 1  
 75   86   15   17 
Answer: B
Solution:  f  1.72  denser
 g  1.50  rarer
g
f
Opticalfibre
1 
we know g  f   f
sin C  g
 g 1.50
sin C  
 f 1.72
75
sin C 
86
 75 
C  sin 1  
 86 
STUDENT TASK
1. When the surface of the lake is calm, a fish, submerged in water will see the entire outside
world within an inverted cone whose apex is situated at the eye of the fish and the cone
 4
subtends an angle of  w  
 3
A) 10 B) 60 C) 98 D) 30
Answer: C
Solution:
A fish submerged in water can able to view the outside world as shown in figure with apex
angle 2C
air  1
C C  water
2C
We know
1 
air  water   w
sin C air
4
w 
3
Page 8
4 1

3 sin C
3
sin C 
4
C  49
2C  2×49  98°
2. A bulb is placed at a depth of 2 7m in water and floating opaque disc is placed over the bulb
so that the bulb is not visible from the surface. The minimum diameter of the disc is:
A) 42 m B) 6 m C) 2 7m D) 12 m
Answer: D
Solution:
given that
A bulb is placed at the bottom of water tank of depth 2 7
r
P O Q
C C
2 7
A floating opaque disc of radius r is kept on the surface to make the bulb not visible
From BOQ
OBQ  C critical angle
OB  2 7 OQ  r
We know
water 1
air water  
air sin C
w  4/3
4 1
 
3 sin C
3
 sin C 
4
Q
4
3
P C
R
7
We can have from BOQ
OQ
tanC 
OB
3 r

7 2 7
 r  6m
Diameter of disc d  2r  12m
Page 9
3. A fish looking through the water, sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If
refractive index of water is 4/3 and fish is 12 cm below the surface of water, then the radius of
circle in centimeters is
R
12  3 12  3
A) B) 12  3  5 C) D) 12  3  7
5 7
Answer: C
Solution:
h 12 12  3
r  
2 2
 1 4 7
  1
3
Page 10
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – IX
CLARITY ACHIEVER : IX
1. When light falls on a prism, the result can be
A) Inversion B) Magnification C) Elongation D) Deviation
Answer: D
Solution:
P
d
A B
C
O
Q R
 
When a ray of light OA falls on a prism PQR then it will emerge out at BC ,it has certainly
deviated from its path due to refraction at surfaces of prism
2. Rainbow is seen due to
A) interference by thin films B) scattering of sunlight
C) dispersion of sunlight D) diffraction of sunlight
Answer: C
Solution: We get rainbow due to dispersion of sunrays from tiny water droplets present in the
air above the earth surface
3. A beam of white light is incident on a hollow glass prism. Then the light emerging from the
prism gives from 0 and 90
A) a spectrum with all colours ben away from the base
B) a spectrum with all colours ben towards the base such that violet most and red least
C) a spectrum with all colours ben towards the base such that violet least and red most
D) no spectrum
Answer: D
Solution: When white light passes through hollow glass prism we do not get any dispersion
4. A monochromatic ray of light after passing through the prism should be made of
A) seven colours only B) five colours only C) two colours only D) one colour only
Answer: D
Solution: When a monochromatic ray of light passes through the prism it do not get dispersion
because it contains only one colour of unique frequency so it produce only one colour.
5. For a ray of light incident on a prism of angle A, the wrong statement is
A) The angle of deviation will increase as A is increased
B) The angle of deviation will increase as the refractive index of the prism is increased
C) The angle of deviation for violet colour is more than the angle of deviation for red colour
D) All colours into which the ray is dispersed emerges as a parallel beam
Answer: D
Solution: When a light ray is incident on a prism of angle A
Page 1
Consider for smaller angles of A
d     1 A using this relation
(i) we get deviation increases with increase of Angle A
(ii) we get deviation increases with increase of refractive index
(iii) Angle of deviation for violet colour is more than angle of deviation of red colour
R
R
(iv) All colours into which the ray is dispersed will not emerge as a parallel beam
6. In the study of the spectrum, the prism is placed in minimum deviation position to make the
spectrum
A) visible B) magnified C) line spectrum D) well defined
Answer: D
Solution:
In the study of spectrum if we place the prism in minimum deviation position we get well
defined spectrum.
A
Screan
dR dv
R
O
Y R
white light G O
B
I
Y
V
G
B
I
V
B C
Here yellow line is set for minimum deviation position i.e., parallel to Base
we get well defined spectrum.
7. A prism is placed in water. The angle of minimum deviation
A) increases B) decreases C) remains same D) changes
Answer: B
Solution: When a prism is placed in water then we get
Refractive index of prism material with respect to water as
 A  d|m 
sin  
 |
  2 
w g
sin A/2
|
d m is minimum deviation produced
Let us consider the refractive index of prism material w.r.to air
sin  A  d m 
air  g 
sin A/2
We get air  g  water  g| air g  3/2,  g  9/8
  air  d m  d|m  in water 
The minimum deviation will decrease in the case of prism immersed in the water when
Page 2
compared with minimum deviation produced when prism is kept in air.
8. For a given prism the angle of incidence is changed from 0 and 90 , the angle of deviation
A) increases B) decreases
C) first decreases and then increases D) first increases and then decreases
Answer: C
Solution: As we increase angle of incidence of light ray on a prism surface angle of deviation
decreases upto certain angle of incidence (i) later it increases we can obtain this variation from i
– d graph
dm
i
10 20 30 i1  i2
At minimum deviation i1  i2  i
A  dm
We can have i 
2
So upon variation of i from 0 to i we get d value decreases to minimum deviation d m for other
values greater than i we get d value increases
9. Assertion (A) : The refractive index of the prism depends on the material of the prism
Reason (R) : The dispersive power of the prism is independent of material of the prism
Answer: C
Solution: The refractive index of a prism depends on material of the prism. So
  r
Assertion is true when we look at dispersive power of the prism it is given by   v
 1
So it is also depends on refractive index of material hence Assertion is true but Reason R is
false
10. Dispersion is the term used to describe :
A) the propagation of light in straight lines
B) the splitting of a beam of light into component colours
C) the bending of a beam of light when it strikes a mirror
D) the change that takes place in white light after passing through glass
Answer: B
Solution: Dispersion is used to describe the splitting of a beam into component colours.
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - IX
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. Deviation  produced a prism of refractive index  and small angle A is given by
Page 3
A)      1 A B)      1 A C)    A  1  D)    A  1 
Answer: A
Solution: We know for a prism
 A  m 
sin  
  2 
A
sin
2
For small angle sin q  q
A  m
   A  A  m
A
 m    A  A    m     1 A
2. If the refracting angle of a prism is 60 and minimum deviation 30 , the angle of incidence
will be
A) 30 B) 45 C) 60 D) 90
Answer: B
Solution: A  60,  m  30, i  ?
 m  2i  A
A   m 30  60 90
i=    i  45
2 2 2
3. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism in such a manner that the angle of
incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and each of these angles is equal to  3/4  of the
angle of prism. The angle of deviation is
A) 45 B) 70 C) 39 D) 30
Answer: D
Solution:
60
60 60
We know deviation
3
A  60, i  i1 , i  A   i  i1  A
4
3
i  A   45  45  60
4
i  45   30 
1
theni  45
4. For a prism having of angle 60 and   2 , the angle of minimum deviation is
A) 30 B) 45 C) 60 D) 90
Answer: A
Page 4
 A  m 
sin  
Solution:    2     2, A  60
A
sin
2
 60   m   60   m 
sin   sin  
 2  2  2  2 
sin 30 1
2
2  60   m  2  60   m 
 sin    sin  
2  2  2. 2  2 
1  60   m  60   m
  sin    45
2  2  2
 m  90  60   m  30
5. A ray of light is incident at angle i on one surface of a prism of small angle A and emerges
normally from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is '  ' ,
the angle of incidence i is nearly equal to
A) A/ B) A/2 C)  A D)  A/2
Answer: C
Solution:
A
i
Emergent ray coincides with Normal

i1  0
  i  i|  A
 iA
We know
 A  m 
sin  
  2 
A
sin
2
For small angle sin q  q
Page 5
A  m
A  m
 2 
A A
2
substitute eq n 1 in  2 
A  A  i  A   A  i
6. The angle of deviation suffered by the light ray of refractive index    1.5  of prism material is
4
A) 2 B) 1 C) 10 D) 6
Answer: A
Solution:      1 A  1.5  1  4  2
LEVEL - II
7. A prism of refractive index '  ' and an angle ‘A’ is placed in the minimum deviation position.
If the angle of minimum deviation is ‘A’, then the value of ‘A’ in terms of '  '
  1  
A) sin 1 B) sin 1 C) 2 cos 1 D) cos 1
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
 A  m 
sin  
 2 
Solution:  
A
sin
2
AA
sin  
 2  Given m  A

A
 
sin
2
 2A 
sin  
 2     sin A
A A
sin sin
2 2
A A
2sin .cos
 2 2
A
sin
2
A
  2cos
2
Page 6
 A
 cos
2 2
 A
cos1   
2 2

A  2 cos 1  
2
8. A glass prism has   1.5 and the refracting angle is 90 . If a ray falls on it at angle of
incidence of 30 , then the angle of emergence is
A) 60 B) 30 C) 45
D) the ray will not emerge out of this prism
Answer: D
Solution: Given that a prism has refracting angle 90 as shown
  3/2
1 2
Hence sinC  
 3
Critical angle for glass air interface is 42
A
i  30 r 90  r
-r
90
B C
A ray is incident on AB with i  30 it will be refracted with angle r then we can have using
snell’s law
1.sin 30  3/2.sin r
 3
 sin r
2 2
sin r  1/3 hence r  20° nearly
Now refracted beam reaches AC with angle nearly 90  r  70°
Which is more than critical angle hence it will undergo T.I.R at AC therefore it will not
emerge out through AC.
9. A ray of light suffers minimum deviation when incident on a 60 prism of refractive index
2 . The angle of incidence is
A) sin 1  0.8  B) 60 C) 45 D) 30
Answer: C
Solution:   2, A  60
Page 7
 A m 
sin  
 2 

A
sin
2
 60   m 
sin  
 2 
2
60
sin
2
 60   m 
sin  
 2 
2
sin 30
 60   m 
sin  
 2 
2
1
2
 60   m 
sin  
2  2 

2 2
1  60   m 
 sin  
2  2 
 60   m 
sin 45  sin  
 2 
60   m  90   m  30
but  m  2i  A
30°  2i  60
90
i  45
2
10. A light ray, going through a prism of angle 60 , is found to deviate by 30 , limit on the
refractive index can be put from the data is
A)   2 B)   2 C)   2 D)   2
Answer: B
Solution:
d
m
Given that refracting angle of prism  60

d  30 
Page 8
We can have refractive index using deviation d as
 A  dm  Ad
  2  |   2 
A sin A/2
sin
2
   |
 60  30  1
sin  
  2   2  d  d  sin  A  d m   Ad 
60 1 m    sin  
sin  2   2 
2 2
 A  dm  Ad
2  2   2 
 
2 A A
sin sin
2 2
 2 2
11. A rays of light passes through an equilateral prism such that the angle of incidence is equal to
th
the angle of emergence and the later is equal to  3/4  the angle of prism. The angle of
deviation is
A) 45 B) 39 C) 20 D) 30
Answer: D
Solution:
60
60 60
3
A  60, i  i1 , i  A   i  i1  A
4
3
i A   45  45  60
4
i  45    30 
theni1  45
12. The refractive index of a material of a prism of angles 45  45  90 is 1.5. The path of the
ray of light incident normally on the hypotenuse side is shown in
A A A A
90 90 90 90
A) B) C)
45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
B C B C B C B C
D)
Answer: A
Page 9
13. 90 prism of refractive index 5/3 immersed in water of refractive index 4/3 as shown in figure.
P
1
30
2
A) The exit angle 2 of the ray is sin 1  5/8

5
B) The exit angle 2 of the ray is sin 1
4 3
C) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to
5
by dissolving some substance
2 3
D) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to
5/6 by dissolving some substance
Answer: A, C
Solution:
P
1
30
Q
2
n1  5/3, n 2  4/3, 1  60

Snells law n1 sin 1  n2 sin  2 at'Q'
Angle of incidence at Q is 30
5 4 5
sin 30   sin  2   2  sin 1  
3 3 8
Snell law at P n1 sin 1  n 2 sin  2
5
sin 1  n2  sin 90
3
1  60
5 3
  n2  1
3 2
5
n2 
2 3
14. The cross - section of a prism has the form of an isosceles triangle. One of the equal faces is
silvered. A ray is normally incident on the other once face and being reflected twice inside the
prism emerges through the base of prism perpendicular to base. Angle of prism is found to be
 /n . Find n _____.
Page 10
Answer: 5
Solution:
A




 
B C
  2 (Alternate angles)
ABC
  2   180

  36 
5
n 5
STUDENT TASK
1. The Angle of a prism is A and the refractive index of the material of the prism is cot  A/2  .
The angle of minimum deviation is
A) 180°  3A B) 180°  2A C) 90°  A D) 180°  2A
Answer: D
Solution: given that
Refracting angle of a prism = A
Refractive index   cot  A/2 
 A  dm 
sin  
We have    2 
sin  A/2 
 A  dm 
sin  
cot A/2   2 
sin A/2
 A  dm 
sin  
cos A/2  2 
 
sin A/2 sin  A/2 
Page 11
 A  dm 
 cos  A/2   sin  
 2 
 A  dm 
 sin  90  A/2   sin  
 2 
d
 90  A/2  A/2  m
2
 d m  180  2A
2. ABC represents an equiangular prism. Light of a given frequency falls on face AB, gets
refracted and travels parallel to the base of prism. While emerging from face AC, the ray
deviates by an angle 30 . Refractive index of the material of prism is:
A) 1.45 B) 1.62 C) 1.73 D) 1.81
Answer: A
Solution: Angle of deviation
 m  30
 60  30 
sin  
 2 

A
sin
2
1
sin 45 1
  2 
sin 30 1 2
2
 2
  1.414
3. The angle of minimum deviation for an equilateral prism made of a material of refractive
index 1.732. the angle of incidence for this deviation is
A) 60°,30 B) 60°,60 C) 30°,60 D) 30°,30
Answer: B
Solution: A  60 :   1.732  3
 60   m 
sin  
  2 
A
sin
2
  m 
60
sin  
3  2 
60
sin
2
Page 12
 60   m 
sin  
3  2 
1
2
3  60   m 
 sin  
2  2 
 60   m 
 sin 60  sin  
 2 
60   m
 60 
2
120  60   m   m  60
but  m  2i  A
 m  A  2i
m  A
i
2
60  60
i
2
120
i
2
i  60
So angle of minimum deviation is 60 and the angle of incidence for this deviation will be
60
(Describes the path of rays) (Deviation (  ) and angle (i) of incidence)

A) Ray is falling on a plane smooth mirror P)
B) A ray is going from rarer to denser medium Q)
C) A ray is going from denser to rarer medium R)
Page 13
D) A ray is falling on a prism S)
i
A) A – S ; B – Q ; C – P ; D – R B) A – R ; B – S ; C – P ; D – Q
C) A – S ; B – R ; C – Q ; D – P D) A – S ; B – P ; C – Q ; D – R
Answer: A
Page 14
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – X
CLARITY ACHIEVER : X
1. In which case the image formed by a convex lens is real
A) 0  u  F B) F  u < 2F C) 2F  u <  D) None of these
Answer: B, C
Solution: An object is placed from infinity to focus at any where convex lens forms real
image.
2. In which case the image formed by a convex lens is virtual
A) 0  u  F B) F  u  2F C) 2F  u   D) at 2F
Answer: A
Solution: We get virtual image using a convex lens when object is placed in between focus
and optic centre i.e., 0  u  F
3. A convex lens when placed in a certain medium does not at all act as a lens. The refractive
index of lens is n1 and that of medium is n 2 . The relation between n1 and n 2 is
A) n1  n 2 B) n1  n 2 C) n1  n 2 D) n1  n 2
Answer:
Solution: A convex lens of refractive index n1 is placed in a medium of refractive Index n 2 and
convex lens doesn’t act as lens that means n1  n 2
n1 n 2 n1
4. Among the following that can produce a virtual image larger in size than the object is
A) Concave lens B) Convex lens
C) Convex lens and concave lens D) Plane mirror
Answer: B
Solution: We get virtual image which is larger in size than the object using convex lens.
When object is kept between optic centre and focus we get magnified virtual image of an
object
5. Among the following that produce virtual as well as real image is
A) Concave lens and convex mirror B) Convex mirror and convex lens
C) Convex lens and concave mirror D) Convex mirror and concave lens
Answer: C
Solution: Among the given we get convex lens and concave mirror forming both virtual and
real images.
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - X
Page 1
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. The intensity of the image formed by lens depends on
A) aperture B) radius of curvature C) focal length D) object
Answer: A
Solution: Intensity of the image is proportional to aperture
2. When a lens of focal length f is cut into two equal halves parallel to principal axis, then each
part of the lens has a focal length
A) f B) 2f C) f/2 D) f/4
Answer: A
Solution: lens is cut horizontally along principal axis focal length does not change
3. A convex lens of focal length f will form a magnified real image of an object when it is placed
A) between F and 2F B) anywhere beyond F
C) anywhere beyond 2F D) between lens and F
Answer: A
Solution: A convex lens of focal length f will form a magnified real image of an object when
it is placed between F and 2F
4. Half of the lens is wrapped in black paper. Then
A) Size of the image is halved
B) Intensity of image is halved
C) There is no change in size of the image or intensity
D) Both size and intensity of the image are changed
Answer: B
Solution: When half of the lens is wrapped in black paper we get same size of image but
intensity of image will be halved
5. A point source of light is placed at a distance of 2f from a converging lens of focal length f.
The intensity of the other side of the lens is maximum at a distance of
A) f B) between f and 2f C) 2f D) more than 2f
Answer: C
Solution: When a point source of light is placed at 2F of a convex lens, we get all its light rays
will be convergent at 2 F on the other side and we get intensity o at 2F will be maximum
O F F I
2F 2F
LEVEL - II
6. The point C denotes the centre of curvature of the separating surface The image of the point
object O in the situation shown in figure is
Page 2
  1.0   1.5
O C
15cm 30cm
A) 30 cm left to spherical surface B) 30 cm right to spherical surface

C) 60 cm left to spherical surface D) 90 cm right to spherical surface
Answer: A
Solution: Here, u  15cm; R  30cm
1  1, 2  1.5
    1
We have 2  1  2
v u R
.5 1.0 1.5  1
   v  30cm
V 15 30
The image is formed 30 cm left to the spherical surface and it is virtual
7. The size of the image formed in the situation shown in figure is
  1.0   1.33
C
O 20cm
40cm
A) 0.12 cm B) 0.6 cm C) 0.3 cm D) 0.9 cm

Answer: B
Solution: Here, u  40cm; R  20cm
4
1  1, 2  1.33 
3
    1
We have 2  1  2
v u R
.33 1 1.33  1
   v  32cm
v 40 20
h v h 32 32 3
The magnification is m  2  1  2   
h1  2 u h1 40  4 40 4
3
m  0.6cm
Image is erect since m is +ve
8. The point C is the centre of curvature the image formed by the refraction in the situation shown
in figure is
Page 3
  1.0   1.5
25cm 20cm C
A) 100 cm from left of curved surface B) 50 cm from left of curved surface C

C) 90 cm from left of curved surface D) 70 cm from left of curved surface
Answer: A
    1
Solution: Using 2  1  2  1
v u R
From figure u  25cm,R  20cm
1  1.0,  2  1.5
Sub values in equ (1)
1.5 1 1.5  1.0
 
v 25 20
1.5 1 1
 
v 40 25
v  100cm
9. One end of a horizontal cylindrical glass rod    1.5 of radius 5.0 cm is rounded in the shape
of a hemisphere. An object 0.5 mm high is placed perpendicular to the axis of the rod at a
distance of 20.0 cm from the rounded edge. Then its height is
A) 0.25 mm B) 1 mm C) 0.5 mm D) 2 mm
Answer: C
Solution:
5.0cm
20cm 25cm
Taking the origin at the vertex, u = -20.0 cm and R = 5.0 cm

    1
We have 2  1  2
v u R
1.5 1 0.5
Or,  
v 20.0 5.0
Or, v  30cm
v 1 30 h h
m 1 m =  1  m  2  1  2
2 u 1.5  20 h1 0.5
i.n2  0.5mm
The image if formed will be of same height (0.5 mm) as the object but it will be inverted
Page 4
10. There is a small air bubble(nearly) inside a glass sphere    1.5 of radius 10 cm. The bubble is
4.0 cm below the surface and is viewed normally from the outside. The apparent depth of the
bubble is
P
A
I
O
  1.5
C
A) 3 cm below surface B) 6 cm below surface

C) 9 cm below surface D) 12 cm below surface
Answer: A
Solution: The observer sees the image formed due to refraction at the spherical surface when the
light from the bubble goes from the glass to the air
P
A
I
O
  1.5
C
Here u  40cm, R  10cm, 1  1.5and  2  1

    1
We have 2  1  2
v u R
1 1.5 1  1.5
Or,  
v 4.0 10cm
1 0.5 1.5
Or,  
v 10cm 4.0cm
Or, v  30cm
Thus, the bubble will appear 3.0 cm below the surface
STUDENT TASK
1. A glass sphere of radius R = 10 cm is kept inside water. A point object O is placed at 20 cm
from A as shown in figure. Then the position of O when seen from other side of the sphere is
given  g  3/2 and  w  4/3
Page 5
C
O A 10cm B
20cm
A) 50 cm B) 100 cm C) 25 cm D) 75 cm
Answer: B
Solution: A ray of light starting from ‘u’ gets refracted twice the ray of light is travelling in a
direction from left to right. Hence, the distance measured in this directions are + ve.
2 1  2  1
 
v u R
3
1   w  4/3,  g    2
2
u  20 cm
3 4

3/2 4/3 2 3
 
v 20 10
3 1 1
 
2v 15 60
v  30 cm
Now first image acts as object for second surface
u  50 cm
4 3

4/3 3/2 3 2
 
v 50 10
v  100 cm , Final image is virtual and is formed at a distance 100 cm towards left
2. One end of a long glass rod    1.5 is formed into a convex surface of radius 6.0 cm. An
object is positioned in air along the axis of the rod. The position of image corresponding to
object distance of 20.0 cm from the end of the rod is
A) 90 cm B) 45 cm C) 50 cm D) 100 cm
Answer: B
Solution: u  20cm, 1  1,  2  1.5, R  6cm
1.5 1 0.5
 
v 20 6
1.5 1

v 30
v  45 cm
4
3. A dust particle is inside a sphere of refractive index . If the dust particle is 10.0 cm from the
3
wall of the 15.0 cm radius bowl, it appear to an observer outside the bowl at
A) inside the bowl at 9.0 cm B) outside the bowl at 9.0 cm
C) inside the bowl at 18 cm D) outside the bowl at 18 cm
Page 6
Answer: A
4
Solution: 1  , u  10 cm, R  15 cm,  2  1
3
1 4 1  4/3
 
v 30 15
1 1 4 1
  
v 45 30 9
v  9 cm, Image of the ball is inside the bowl at 9 cm
4. A parallel beam of light enters a clear plastic bed 2.50 cm in diameter and refractive index
1.44. The point beyond the bead are these rays brought to focus is
A) 0.775 cm B) 10.7 cm C) 4.09 cm D) 0.795 cm
Answer: D
Solution: u   , 1  1, 2  1.44, R  1.25
1.44 1 0.44
 
v  1.25
1.44  1.25
v  4.09 cm
0.44
V1  4.09  2.5  1.59 cm
Take P as object and Q as image (reversibility of light)
P Q P Q
u
4.09cm V1
V1  1.59
uu
1  1
2  1.44
2 1  2  1
 
V1 u R
1.44 1 1.44  1
 
1.59  1.25
1
 0.9   0.352
u
1 1
 
u 1.252
u  0.789 cm
0.798 cm from the other end of the horizontal diameter
Page 7
Page 8
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – XI
CLARITY ACHIEVER : XI
1. When a lens of focal length f is cut in to two equal halves perpendicular to principle axis, then
each part of the lens has a focal length
A) f B) 2f C) f/2 D) f/4
Answer: B
Solution: When a convex lens of focal length f is cut into two halves perpendicular to the
principal axis as shown
Combination focal length = f

Focal length of each part = f |
Then we can have
1 1 1
 
f| f| f
 f |  2f
2. The focal length of a lens depends on
A) refractive index B) radii of curvature
C) medium outside the lens D) All
Answer: D
Solution: The focal length of a lens depends on refractive index, radii of curvature and
medium outside the lens
3. A substance is behaving as convex lens in air and concave lens in water. Then its refractive
index is
A) smaller than air B) greater than both air and water
C) Almost equal to water D) greater than air but less than water
Answer: D
Solution: by conceptual
4. The focal length of a convex lens is maximum for
A) Blue B) Green C) Yellow D) Red
Answer: D
Solution: The focal length of a convex lens is maximum for red
Reason: For red light, focal length of lens is maximum because f proportional to wavelength
and wavelength is maximum for red light
5. If the radius of curvature of the convex surface is 10cm and focal length of the lens 30 cm ,
then the refractive index of material of a plano convex lens is
Page 1
3 5 1 4
A) B) C) D)
4 4 2 3
Answer: D
Solution: R1  10cm, R 2   for plano convex lens, f  30cm,   ?
1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R 2 
1  1 1  1 
    1      0
30  10     
1 1 1 4 4
    1       1    
30  10  3 3 3
6. The nature of the graph between 1/u and 1/v for a convex lens, where u is the distance of the
object and v is that of image is
A) Straight line B) Parabola C) Ellipse D) Hyperbola
Answer: A
Solution:
1/v
1/u
1 1 1
We know lens formula  
v u f
So we get nature of graph is straight line
u  decreases then v increases
7. A convex lens of focal length 16 cm forms a real image double the size of the object. The
distance of the object from the lens is
A) 8 cm B) 16 cm C) 24 cm D) 32 cm
Answer: C
Solution: given that m = 2
Focal length of convex lens = 16 cm
v size of image
m 
u size of object
v 2  size of object 

u size of object
v 1 1 1
 2, f  16cm   
u f v u
v   ve, u =  ve i.e., v  2u, u  u (image formed is real)
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3
     
f 2u  u  16 2u 16 2u
Page 2
2u  48
u  24cm
8. If m represents magnification of a lens. Assume the object to be real then among the
following incorrect option is
A) m is  ve , when image formed by convex lens is virtual
B) m is  ve , when image formed by concave lens is virtual
C) m is  ve , when image formed by concave lens is real
D) ‘m’ may be positive, when image formed by convex lens is virtual
Answer: B, D, C
v
Solution: given that magnification of lens is represented m 
u
object is real then u   ve, v is  ve
then m  ve if we get real image.
m   ve if we get virtual image
then u   ve, v   ve
9. A convex lens of focal length 16 cm forms a virtual image of double the size of the object.
The distance of the object from the lens is
A) 8 cm B) 16 cm C) 24 cm D) 32 cm
Answer: A
v size of image
m   2 (for virtual image)
u size of object
v 2  size of object 
 2
u size of object
 v  2u, f is +ve i.e., f  16, u  ?
1 1 1
We know  
v u f
1 1 1
 
2u u f
1 1

2u 16
 u  8 cm
The distance of object = 8 cm
10. A convex lens produces a real image m times size of the object. The distance of the object
from the lens is
m 1 m 1
A) f B) f C)  m  1 f D)  m  1 f
m m
Answer: A
v size of image
Solution: m  
u size of object
Page 3
v m  size of object 

u size of object
for real image m is  ve
magnification =  m
V
  m V   mu
U
V  mu, U   u
u  ?, f   ve
1 1 1
We know  
v u f
1 1 1
 
 mu u f
1  m 1

mu f
 1  m  f  mu
 1  m 
u  f
m
 m 1
 Distance of object u   f
 m 
11. A concave lens of focal length f produces an image 1/n  times the size of the object. The
distance of the object from the lens is:
n 1 n 1
A)  n  1 f B)  n  1 f C) f D) f
n n
Answer: A
Solution: A concave lens produce always virtual images given that
Focal length of concave lens  f
1
Image size  object size
n
imagesize V 1
m  
object size U n
Magnification s always  ve
u
V u  ?, f  f
n
1 1 1
We know  
v u f
n 1 1
 
u u f
  n  1 f  u
Distance of the object is  n  1 f
Page 4
12. A 2.0 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of convex lens of focal length
10 cm, then the nature of the image is
A) Real B) Inverted
C) Real and inverted D) Virtual and inverted
Answer: C
Solution: A convex lens can form real & inverted image or virtual & erected image
13. Four modifications are suggested in the lens formula to include the effect of the thickness t of
the lens. The one likely to be correct is
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t t
A)   B) 2   C)   D)   
v u uf v u f vt ut f v u uv f
Answer: C
Solution: Let us consider a thick lens having equal radii of curvature R
S

h
 
O Q t tR
u P v I
2t
Consider a point object at O such that PO  u its image is formed on the other side at I; PI  v
Total deviation      , SR  h
h h h
(where  ,  ,  are very small angles)  
f RO RI
RO    u  t  RI  v  t
h h h
 
f  u  t  v  t 
1 1 1
   is the expression which is included with effect of thickness
f v  t u  t 
14. A double convex lens has two surfaces of equal radii R and refractive index   1.5 , we have
A) f  R/2 B) f = R C) f  R D) f  2R
Answer: B
1  1 1 
Solution:     1   
f  R1 R 2 
  1.5, R1  R,R 2  R,f  f
1 1 1 1 2 1 2
 1.5  1      0.5   
f R R f R 2 R
1 1
  f  R
f R
15. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. If image is at 10 cm from the lens, the object is
placed at
Page 5
A) 30 cm right of the lens B) 30 cm up of the lens
C) 30 cm left of the lens D) 30 cm below the lens
Answer: C
Solution: given that f  15cm (concave lens)
v  10 cm u  ?
We have
1 1 1
 
v u f
1 1 1
 
10 u 15
1 1 1
  
u 10 15
1 1
 
u 30
 u  30 cm
i.e., 30 cm to the left of the lens.
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - XI
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. Radius of curvature of one surface of double convex lens is three times of the other. If focal
length of the lens is 30 cm and refractive index of the lens material is 3/2 , then radius of
curvature are
A) 20 cm B) 40 cm C) 60 cm D) 80 cm
Answer: A
3
Solution: R 1  3R, R 2  R , f  30cm,  
2
R1  3R R2  R
3
f
2
1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R 2 
1  3  1 1 
   1  
30  2  3R R 
1 1  1 3  1 4 1 2
     
30 2  3R  2 3R 30 3R
R  20
Since R 2  20cm,R1  3R  3  20   60cm
2. A lens made from a material of absolute refractive index n1 and it is placed in a medium of
Page 6
absolute refractive index n 2 . The focal length of the lens is related to n1 and n 2 as
1 1
A) f   n1  n 2  B) f  C) f   n1  n 2  D) f 
 n1  n 2   n1  n 2 
Answer: D
1  1  1 1 
Solution:   1   
f  2   R1 R 2 
2  n1 , 1  n2
1  n1  1 1 
   1   
f  n2   R1 R 2 
1  n  n 2  1 1  1 1
  1       n1  n 2   f 
f  n 2  R1 R 2  f n1  n 2
3. A lens is made by attaching together two watch glasses with their concave faces towards each
other. The radius of curvature of each surface is 20 cm. If the lens prepared contains air and is
immersed in water, it behaves as
A) Converging lens of focal length 20 cm B) Converging lens of focal length 30cm
C) Diverging lens of focal length 40cm D) Diverging lens of focal length 30cm
Answer: C
Solution: A lens is made of two watch glasses by attaching together with their concave faces
towards each other R = 20
Lens contain air and kept immersed in water
R  20
I
U II
O III IV
I1 at V1
air
I 2 at V2
 1 I 3 at V3
I at V
water  4/3
glass  3/2
Let an object O is kept at u from Ist surface

w.r.to Ist surface let image I1 is at V1
then V1 will be the object distance from II surface so we get image I 2 at V2
now V2 will be the object distance from III surface so we get image I 3 at V3
finally V3 is object distance from IV surface and final image I is obtained at V
on writing relations for above we get
3 3 4

4/3
at Ist surface 2  2 3
V1 u 20
Page 7
3 4 1
   1
2V1 3u 120
1 3 1  3/2 1
at IInd surface      2
V2 2V1 20 40
3 1 3/2  1 1
at IIIrd surface      3
2V3 V2 20 40
4 3 1
at IV surface     4
3V 2V3 120
On adding all four equations we get
4 4 2 2
  
3V 3U 100 40
1 1 1 1
   
V U f 40
 The combination will act as diverging lens with focal length 40 cm.
4. Convex lens of focal length 15 cm is made of material having refractive index 1.2. When
placed in water (n = 1.3), it will behave as
A) converging lens of focal length 15 cm
B) converging lens of focal length different than 15 cm
C) diverging lens of focal length 15 cm
D) diverging lens of focal length different than 15 cm
Answer: D
Solution: In water convex lens acts as diverging lens. When convex lens from air is kept in
water, the focal length and refractive index changes. So we get focal length different from 15
cm.
 g   g 
  1   1
fw  a   f  f  a 
 w a
f a  g   g 
  1   1
 w   w 
 g  1.2, a  1, w  1.3
 1.2 
  1
f w  15   1   f  15  0.2 
w
 1.2  1.2  1.3
  1
 1.3  1.3
3.9
fw   f w  39cm
0.1
5. In figure the points C1 and C 2 denote the centres of curvatures then the focal length of the thin
lens    1.5 is
Page 8
C1 C2
10cm
20cm
A) 20 cm B) 10 cm C) 30 cm D) 40 cm
Answer: D
Solution:
Covexo concave
C1 C2
10cm
20cm
R 1  10cm,R 2  20cm
  1.5
1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R 2 
1 1 1
 1.5  1   
f 10 20 
1  2 1
  0.5  
f  20 
1 1 1 5 1
 0.5    
f 20 f 200 40
f  40cm
6. A convex lens of focal length ‘f’ produces a real image 3 times the size of an object, then
distance of the object from the lens is
A) 2f/3 B) 3f/2 C) 3f/4 D) 4f/3
Answer: D
Solution: size of image = 3 size of the object
size of image
m  3 (given that image is real)
size of object
Then m  3
v
  3 v  3u, u  ? f   ve i.e.,  f
u
We have
1 1 1
 
v u f
Page 9
1 1 1
 
3u u f
1  3 1

3u f
4 1 4f
 u
3u f 3
4f
Distance of object is 
3
7. A concave lens of focal length f produces an image 1/3 of the size of the object, the distance
of the object from the lens is
A) 2f B) 3f/2 C) 4f D) 2f/3
Answer: A
Solution: given that a concave lens formed an image such that
1
size of image = size of the object
3
sizeof image 1
 
size of object 3
In the case of concave lens always virtual images will take place
1 v
m 
3 u
u
v f  ve i.e.,  f
3
1 1 1
We have  
v u f
3 1 1
  
u u f
2 1

u f
 u  2f
Distance of the object is = 2f
8. A convex lens is placed somewhere in between an object and a screen. The distance between
the object and screen is 48cm. If the numerical value of the magnification produced by the
lens is 3, focal length of the lens is
A) 16 cm B) 12 cm C) 9 cm D) 4.5 cm
Answer: C
Solution:
Page 10
Screen
Given that u  v  48cm

v
Numerical value of m  3   v  3u
u
Substituting in u  v  48cm
We get u  12cm, v  36cm
By sign convention
u  12cm, v  36cm (real image formed)
1 1 1
We have  
v u f
1 1 1
  
36 12 f
 f  9cm
9. The distance between an object and the screen is 75cm. When a convex lens of focal length 12
cm is placed in between the object and screen, magnification of the real image formed can be
A) 4 B) 2 C) 8 D) 16
Answer: A
Solution:
u  v  75cm
v  75  u 1
f  12cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
v   ve,u   ve (since we got real image)
1 1 1
  
f 75  u u
1 u  75  u
 
12  75  u  u
1 75
 
12  75  u  u
Page 11
 u  75  u   75 12
 75u  u 2  900
 u 2  75u  900  0
 u 2  60u  15u  900  0
 u  u  60   15  u  60   0
  u  60  u  15  0
u  15 or 60 we have u  v  75
When we consider
 i  u  15 v  60
v
m  4 hence numerical value of magnification of real image is 4
u
 ii  u  60 v  15
15 1 1
m  hence numerical value of magnification of real image is
60 4 4
10. An object is kept at a distance of 4cm from the first focus of a convex lens. A real image is
formed at a distance of 9cm from its second focus. Then focal length of that lens is
A) 6.5 cm B) 13 cm C) 6 cm D) 36 cm
Answer: C
Solution:
F2
4cm 9cm I
O O
F1
u
v
Given that
OF1  4 cm IF2  9 cm
u    4  f  v   f  9
We can have lens formula
1 1 1
 
v u f
1 1 1
  
9f 4f f

4  f  9  f   1
 9  f  4  f  f
 13  2f  f  36  13f  f 2
 13f  2f 2  36  13f  f 2
 f 2  36
 f  6 cm
LEVEL - II
Page 12
11. A thin lens of focal length + 12 cm is immersed in water    1.33 its new focal length is
 3
 g  
 2
A) 24 cm B) 36 cm C) 48 cm D) 12 cm
Answer: C
Solution: given that
Focal length of thin lens in air
f a  12 cm
fw  ?
We know
1    1 1  1    1 1 
   1   .    1   
f a  a   R1 R 2  f w  w   R1 R 2 
1    1 1 
  1   
f a  a   R1 R 2 

1    1 1 
 1  
f w   w   R 1 R 2 

  
  1
f w  a 

fa   
  1
 w 
f a  12cm,a  1,  w  1.33,   1.5
fw

   1   3/2  w  4/3
fa   
  1
 w 
f w  3/2  1 1
  8  4
12  9/8  1 2
 f w  48cm
12. The radii of curvature of a glass lens of focal length 7.5 cm are 5 cm and 15 cm. Then
refractive index of glass is
A) 4/3 B) 3/2 C) 5/4 D) 5/3
Answer: B
Solution: f  7.5cm,R 1  5cm,R 2  15cm
 ?
Page 13
f  7.5cm
R1  5cm R  15cm
2
1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R 2 
1 1 1 
    1   
7.5  5 15 
1  3 1 
     1  
7.5  15 
1 4
     1  
7.5  15 
1 15
  1  
7.5 4
1
  1 
2
1
   1
2
3

2
13. A plano convex lens of focal length 12 cm is made from glass    3/2  . It is to be used in air.
Then radius of the curved surface is
A) 4 cm B) 8 cm C) 6 cm D) 24 cm
Answer: C
3
Solution: f  12cm,R1  R,R 2  ,  
2
f  12 cm
R1  R
R2  
  3/2
1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R 2 
1  3  1 1 
   1   
12  2   R 1  
1 1 1 1 
    0
12 2 R   
12
R  6
2
Page 14
R  6cm
14. A convex lens has a focal length of 10 cm. the location and nature of the image if a point
object is placed on the principal axis at a distance of 9.8 cm is
A) 490 cm on the side of the object, real B) 510 cm on the side of the object, virtual
C) 490 cm on the side of the object, virtual D) 510 cm on the side of the object, real
Answer: C
Solution: f  10cm,u  9.8cm
v   ve,u   ve
We know
1 1 1 1 1 1
    
f v u 10 v 9.8
1 1 1 9.8  10
  
v 10 9.8 98
1 0.2 980
 v
v 98 2
v  490
v   ve , so image virtual and same side of the object
15. A converging lens of focal length 15cm and a converging mirror of focal length 10cm are
placed 50cm apart with common principal axis. A point source is placed in between the lens
and the mirror at a distance of 40 cm from the lens. the locations of the two images formed are
A) one at 15 cm and the other at 24 cm from the lens away from mirror
B) one at 20 cm and the other at 24 cm from the lens away from mirror
C) one at 15 cm and the other at 20 cm from the lens away from mirror
D) one at 40 cm and the other at 20 cm from the lens away from mirror
Answer: A
Solution:
50cm
40 10
for convex lens u = 40 cm
F = 15 cm, v = ?
1 1 1
 
f v u
v   ve,u   ve
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
      
15 v 40 v 15 40 v 24
v = 24 cm
Page 15
For concave mirror f = 10 cm, u = 10 cm
u = f  image is formed of infinity
 two parallel incident ray incident on convex lens
 u  ,f  15cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1 1
 
15 v 
1 1

v 15
v  15cm
16. The diameter of the sun is 1.4  109 m and its distance from the earth is 1.5  1011 m . The radius
of the image of the sun formed by a lens of focal length 20 cm is
A) 93 mm B) 0.093 mm C) 9.3 mm D) 0.93 mm
Answer: D
Solution: Image of sun is obtained on the screen using a convex lens as shown below
OAB  OIG
A Sun lens real Image
I formed on screan
r
D d
O f
G
B
we can have
D r

d f
fD
d
r
Df
diameter of image d 
r
D  diameter of sun
f  focal length of lens
r  the distance between earth and sun
d  diameter of image
D  1.4 109 m, f  20cm  20 10 2 m
r  1.5 1011 m , d  ?
1.4 109  20 10 2
d
1.5  1011
1.4  20 107 56
d   11  d   10 4
1.5 10 3
4 3
d  18.6  10  1.86  10
Page 16
d 1.86 103
r 
2 2
r  0.93  10 3 m
r  0.93mm
17. Consider three convergent lenses L1 ,L2 and L3 having identical geometrical construction. The
refractive indices of L1and L2 are 1 and 2 respectively. The upper half of the lens L3 has a
refractive index 1 and the lower half has 2 . A point object P is imaged at P1 by the lens L1
and at P2 by the lens L2 placed in the same position. If L3 is now placed at the same position.
L3
1
P 2 P1 P2
A) one and only one image will be formed away from P2

B) one and only one image will be formed somewhere between P1 and P2
C) an image will be formed at P1
D) an image will be formed at P2
Answer: C, D
Solution:
1
P1
P P2
2
18. An object in placed 30 cm in front of a concave lens that is made of a glass of refractive index
1.5 and has equal radii of curvature of its two surfaces, each 30 cm. The surface of the lens
farther away from the object is silvered. Mark the correct options related to this situation.
30cm
A) The silvered lens will behave as a concave mirror of focal length 7.5 cm
B) The silvered lens will behave as a convex mirror of focal length 7.5 cm
C) The image will be 6 cm left of silvered lens and virtual
D) The image will be 6 cm right of silvered lens and virtual
Answer: B, C
3
Solution: n  , R 1  30cm, R 2  30cm, u  30cm
2
Page 17
1  1  1 
  n  1     f L  0.3m
f  R1  R 2 
Power of silvered lens
P  PL  PM
1 1
 PL    D
fL 0.3
1 1
PM   D
fm 0.15
P  13.33D
1
F    75 mm
P
If u  30 cm, f  7.5 cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
v  6 cm
19. An object of height 2 cm is kept 2 m in front of a convex lens of focal length 1m. A plane
mirror is placed at 3 m from the lens on its other side. Regarding the nature and magnification
of the final image that will be seen by an observer looking towards the mirror through the
lens, mark the correct options related to this situation.
A) Final image will be 4/3 m right of lens B) Final image will be 4/3 m left of lens
C) Final image is real and erect D) Magnification of final image is 1/3
Answer: B, C, D
Solution:
The lens forms image A| B| of object AB as shown in fig
A
A|||
B| B||
||
B B
A| A||
3m
1 1 1
 
f v u
v  2m
v
 m1   1
u
u 2  1m1 , v  1m
v
m2   1
u
u 3  4m, f  1m
Page 18
4
v3  m
3
v 1
m3  3 
u3 3
1
mT  m1  m2  m3 
3
20. Passage type question :
Three thin lenses each with a focal length 40 cm are aligned on a common axis. Adjacent
lenses are separated by 50 cm
(i) A small object is placed at a distance 80 cm to the left of the lens. The position and nature of
image formed due to 1 lens is
A) real, 30 cm right of I lens B) virtual, 80 cm right of I lens
C) virtual, 30 cm right of II lens D) real, 30 cm right of II lens
Answer: D
Solution:
50cm 50cm
Refraction due to I lens

1 1 1
 
f v u
 u1  80cm, f1  40 cm
 v1  80 cm real
v
30 cm right of lens II m1   1
u
(ii) Final image formed due this system of lens is at a distance
A) 84 cm left of the first lens B) 84 cm right of the third lens
C) 184 cm right of the first lens D) 84 cm left of the third lens
Answer: A
Solution: Refraction due to II lens
u 2  30cm, f 2  40cm
1 1 1
 
f2 v2 u 2
120
 v 2  17.14 cm  cm
7
v 4
m2  2   virtualImage 
u2 7
Page 19
(iii) Overall magnification die this system of lens is
16 5 16 5
A)  B) C) D) 
5 16 5 16
Answer: A
Solution: Refraction due to III lens
 120  230
u 3    50   cm
 7  7
1 1 7
 
v3 40 230
v3  184
v 28
m3  3 
u3 5
m T  m1  m 2  m 3
 4   28  16
  1     
 7  5  5
Matching type questions :
21. Match Column I and Column II given below. The arrangement shows different lenses made of
substance of refractive index 1.5 and kept in air. R1  30cm, R 2  60cm . Match the focal
lengths :
1) R1 R2 p) –120 cm
2) R1 R2 q) 40 cm
3) R 1 R2 r) 40 cm
4) R1 R2 s) 120 cm
A) 1 - p, 2 - q, 3 - r, 4 - s B) 1 - q, 2 - s, 3 - p, 4 - r
C) 1 - r, 2 - s, 3 - p, 4 - q D) 1 - q, 2 - s, 3 - r, 4 - p
Answer: D
1  1 1 
Solution:   n  1   
f  R1 R 2 
Page 20
22. In the arrangement shown in figure a point object O is placed as shown. If the final image is
form at object position, find the focal length of the concave lens  in 10cm _______
f  20cm
45cm 16cm
Answer: 20
Solution: f concave lens is 20 cm
O 0.1
45cm 16cm 20cm

STUDENT TASK
1. A meniscus lens has convex surface of curvature 20 cm and concave surface 30 cm. If the lens
is constructed of glass    1.5  , the focal length will be:
A) 4cm B) 4cm C) 120cm D) 120cm
Answer: D
Solution:
R 1  20cm
R 2  30cm
C1 C2
  1.5,R 1  20cm,R 2  30cm

1  1 1 
    1   
f  R1 R 2 
1  1  
 1.5  1   
f  20 30 
1 3  2
 0.5 
f 60
1 1
 0.5 
f 60
1 1
  f  120 cm
f 120
Page 21
2. A pin of length 2.00cm is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a converging lens. An
inverted image of size 1.00cm if formed at a distance of 40.0 cm from the pin, the focal length
of the lens and its distance from the pin are
A) 8.8 cm, 15 cm B) 7.7 cm, 25 cm C) 9.32 cm, 30.2 cm D) 8.89 cm, 26.7cm
Answer: D
sizeof image 1
Solution: given that 
size of object 2
1
Hence m  (real inverted image)
2
v is  ve, u is  ve
1 v
 
2 u
v 1
  u  2v  1
u 2
 u  v  40, 2v  v  40
40 40 80
 3v  40  v   u  2v  2  
3 3 3
u  26.7cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
v   ve,u   ve
1 1 1 1 9 1
    
f 40 80 f 80 8.89
3 3
f  8.89cm
3. A convex lens produces a double size real image when an object is placed at a distance of
18cm from it. The position of object to produce a triple size real image is
A) 10 cm B) 18 cm C) 16 cm D) 32 cm
Answer: C
Solution: case (i) size of image = 2 size of object
size of image
So 2
size of object
i.e., m  2 (inverted, real image)
v is  ve, u is  ve
v
Hence 2 
u
v
 2
u
v  2u
u  18cm,then v  2  18  36cm
v  36cm
Page 22
1 1 1
 
f v u
v   ve,u   ve
1 1 1 1 1 2 36
      f 
f 36 18 f 36 3
f  12cm
Case (ii) size of image = 3 × size of object
size of image
m 3
size of object
v
m 3
u
v  3u,f  12cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
v   ve,u   ve
1 1 1 1 1 3
   
12 3u u 12 3u
3u  48
48
u
3
u  16cm
f  12cm
4. A diverging lens and an object are positioned as shown in the figure. Which of the rays A, B, C
and D could emanate from point Q at the top of the object?
A
Q B
2F2 F2 F1 2F1
C
D
A) A B) B C) C D) D
Answer: A, C
Solution:
A
5. A convex and a concave lens are coaxially placed. The object is placed to the left of convex lens
of focal length 20 cm. The final image is formed at infinity. The focal length of convex lens is 5
cm. The distance between two lenses may be
Page 23
A) 15cm B) 35 cm C) 55 cm D) 60 cm
Answer: A, B, C
1 1 1
Solution:   use this formula a, b, c, are correct
f u v
If the object at infinity, image due to convex lens formed at 20 cm. For the rays to be parallel
from concave lens this image has to be at 5 cm from concave lens. Hence distance between two
lenses shall be 15 cm.
If the object at 2f = 40 cm
Image also at 40 cm, distance between two lenses 40  5  35 cm
If object is also u = 30 cm, v = 60 cm
Distance bet2ween two lenses is 60  5  55 cm
 50 x 
6. In the shown figure the focal length of equivalent system in the form of   . Find the value
 13 
of x
10cm
20cm
3/2 6/5 8/5
f1 f 2 f3
Answer: 2
Solution:
10cm
20cm
3/2 6/5 8/5
f1 f 2 f3
1  3  1 1  1
   1    
f1  2   10 10  10
1  6  1 1  3
   1    
f 2  5  10 20  100
1  8  1 1  3
   1   
f3  5  20 20  50
100 50 x
fc  
13 13
x2
Page 24
Page 25
6. OPTICS
CONCEPT – XII
CLARITY ACHIEVER : XII
1. The focal length of convex lens is 50cm. Its power is
A) 50 D B) 50 D C) 2 D D) 2 D
Answer: D
1
Solution: p   2D
0.5
2. Power of converging lens is
A) Positive B) Negative C) Zero D) Infinity
Answer: A
3. A concave lens of power 2.5 D has a focal length (f)
A) 0.25 m B) 0.25 m C) 0.40 m D) 0.40 m
Answer: D
1 10
Solution: f    0.4
2.5 25
 0.4 m
4. A convex lens of power  6D is placed in contact with a concave lens of power 4D . The
nature and focal length of the combination is
A) Concave, 25 cm B) Convex, 50 cm C) Concave, 20 cm D) Convex, 100cm
Answer: B
Solution: P  2D
1
f   0.5 m  50 cm
2
Act as convex lens
5. Two lenses have powers 2 D and 4 D respectively. The power of combination is
A) 2 D B) 2 D C) 4 D D) 4 D
Answer: A
Solution: P  2D
APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - XII
CLASS ROOM TASK
LEVEL - I
1. Convex lens of power 4D and a concave lens of power 3D are placed in contact. The
equivalent power of the combination is
4 3
A) 7D B) D C) 1 D D) D
3 4
Page 1
Answer: C
2. A convex lens of focal length f1 is put in contact with concave lens of focal length f 2 . The
combination will behave as converging lens if:
1 1 1
A) f1  f2 B) f1  f 2 C)  D) f1 
f1 f 2 f2
Answer: C
1 1 1 f f
Solution:    2 1
f f1 f 2 f1f 2
f 2  f1
1 1

f1 f 2
3. A parallel beam is incident on a convex lens of focal length f. It is then put in contact with a
concave lens of focal length f/2 . Then the nature and position of the image?
f f
A) Real, at v  B) Real at v = f C) Virtual, at v  D) Virtual, at v = f
2 2
Answer: D
1 1 2 1
Solution:    
f1 f f f
f1  f
Read at v  f , virtual
4. A 5.0 dipoter lens forms a virtual image which is 4 times the object placed perpendicularly on
the principal axis of the lens. Find the distance of the object from the lens
A) 15 cm B) 20 cm C) 25 cm D) 10 cm
Answer: A
1
Solution: f   20 cm
5
v
m 4
u
v  4u
1 1 1
 
4u u 20
3 1

4u 20
60
u  15
4
5. A symmetric double convex lens is cut in two equal parts by a plane perpendicular to the
principal axis. If the power of the original lens was 4D, the power of a cut lens will be
A) 2 D B) 3 D C) 4 D D) 5 D
Page 2
Answer: A
6. A symmetric double convex lens is cut in two equal parts by a plane containing the principal
axis. If the power of the original lens was 4D, the power of a divided lens will be
A) 2 D B) 3 D C) 4 D D) 5 D
Answer: C
7. Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the combination is 80cm. If the focal
length of one of the lenses is 20cm, the power of the other lens is
A) 1.66 D B) 4.00 D C) 1.00 D D) 3.75 D
Answer: D
1 1 1
Solution:  
80 20 f
1 1  4 3
 
f 80 80
30
p  3.75 D
8
LEVEL - II
8. A converging lens of focal length 15 cm and a converging mirror of focal length 10 cm are
placed 50 cm a part. If a pin of length 2.0 cm is placed 30 cm from the lens farther away from
the mirror, where will the final image form and the size of the final image is
A) At the object itself, of greater in size. B) At the object itself, of smaller in size.
C) At the focus point, of the same size. D) At the object itself of the same size.
Answer: D
Solution: As the pin is placed at centre of curvature for the lens
 f  15cm, u  2f  30cm  . So the image will be at centre of curvature for the mirror the
image becomes object which is at 20 cm i.e., at centre of curvature of mirror. So the image
will be at centre of curvature on object of same size
4
9. A spherical convex surface separates object and image space of refractive index 1.0 and . If
3
radius of curvature of the surface is 10 cm, its power is
A) 2.5 D B) 5 D C) 2.5 D D) 5 D
Answer: A
    1
Solution: 2  1  2
v u R
4 4
1
31 3
f  10
f  40 cm  0.4 m
Page 3
1 1
p   2.5D
f  metre  0.4
10. A point object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed on
the other side at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. When a concave lens is placed in contact
with the convex lens, the image shifts away further by 30 cm. The focal lengths of the two
lenses is
A) 60 cm from convex lens and 10 cm from concave lens
B) 10 cm form convex lens and 60 cm form concave lens
C) 20 cm from convex lens and 30 cm from concave lens
D) 30 cm from convex lens and 20 cm from concave lens
Answer: B
Solution: u  15
v  30 cm
1 1 1 3
  
f 30 15 30
f  10 cm
Focal length of convex lens = 10 cm
u  15
v  60 cm
1 1 1 5 1
   
f 60 15 60 12
1 1 1
  
f f1 f 2
1 1 1
  
12 10 f 2
1 1 1 2
   
f 2 12 10 120
f 2  60 cm
Focal length of concave lens is 60 cm
10 cm from convex 60 cm from concave
11. A source of light is located at double focal length from a convergent lens. The focal length of
the lens is f = 30 cm. At what distance from the lens should a flat mirror be placed, so that the
rays reflected from the mirror are parallel after passing through the lens for the second time ?
A) 15 cm from lens B) 25 cm from lens C) 45 cm from lens D) 35 cm from lens
Answer: C
Solution:
0 I2 I1
60 30 15 15
Object is at a distance of 2f = 60 cm
Page 4
From the lens image by lens I1

Should be at a distance 60 cm from the lens
Now I 2 , the image by a plane mirror should be at focus or at a distance of 30 cm from the lens.
Hence mirror should be placed at a distance 45 cm from lens
12. Two thin converging lenses are placed on a common axis, so that the centre of one of them
coincides with the focus of the other. An object is placed at a distance twice the focal length
from the left-hand lens. The focal length of each lens is f. Then the lateral magnification is
1 3 5 3
A)  B)  C)  D) 
2 2 2 2
Answer: A
Solution: The image formed by 1st lens will be at a distance 2 f with lateral magnification \
m1  1 , for the second lens this will be have as a virtual object.
1 1 1
 
v u f
1 1 1
 
v f f
 v  f/2
v 1
m2  2 
u2 2
f
Final image is formed at a distance from second lens with total lateral magnification
2
m  m1  m2
1

2
STUDENT TASK
1. The object is midway between the lens and the mirror. The mirror’s radius of curvature is
20.0cm and the lens has a focal length of 16.7 cm . Considering only the rays that a leaves the
object and travels first toward the mirror, the magnification of the system is
25.0cm
A) 3.04 B) 8.048 C) 25.3 D) 4

Answer: B
Solution: Image formed by mirror:
1 1 1 2
  
v u f R
1 1 2
 
v1 12.5 20
Page 5
v1  50cm
v
m1   4
u
Image formed by lens:
Image formed by mirror acts as an object for lens. It is at a distance 25 cm to the left of lens
using lens formula
B11
25cm B
A1
A A11
B1
50cm 12.5 12.5
25.0cm 25.3cm
1 1 1
 
v u f
1 1 1
 
v 2 25 16.7
v2  50.3cm
v
m 2   2.012
u
Over all magnification m  m1  m2  4  2.012  8.048
Final image formed at 25.3 cm to the right of mirror
2. An object is placed 12 cm to the left of a diverging lens of focal length 6 cm . A converging
lens with a focal length of 12.0 cm is placed at a distance d to the right of the diverging lens.
The distance d that corresponds to a final image at infinity is
A) 4 cm B) 8 cm C) 12 cm D) 16 cm
Answer: A
Solution: Applying lens formula twice
f  6cm f  12cm
12cm d
1 1 1
 
v1 12 6
1 1 1
 
 v1  d 12
Solving equations v1  4 cm
d = 8 cm
3. A converging lens forms a five fold magnified image of an object. The screen is moved
towards the object by a distance d = 0.5 m, and the lens is shifted so that the image has the
Page 6
same size as the object then the lens power is
A) 5 D B) 7.5 D C) 6 D D) 6.4 D
Answer: D
Solution: Case – I: In the first case image is five times magnified
v = 5u
In case II image and object are same size hence v = u
 6 x  2y  d
6x  2y  d
6x  2 y  0.5  1
Using lens formula for both cases
1 1 1
 
5x  x f
6 1
   2
5x f
Y d  65
ux 5x Y
6f
x
5
1 1 1
 
y y f
2 1

y f
y  2f
6f
6× to  2  2f  0.5
5
3.2f  4f  0.5  3.2f  0.5
1
f
6.4
1
Power of lance   6.4D
f
Thin lenses made of materials with   1.5 which are silvered at one surface are given in
column - I and their focal powers are given is column - II. Radius of curvature of each
spherical surface is R. Match the two columns
3
A) P) 
R
Page 7
1
B) Q)
R
4
C) R)
R
2
D) S)
R
C) A – Q ; B – R ; C – S ; D – P D) A – R ; B – P ; C – S ; D – Q
Answer: D
Solution:
i)
PCH  PL  PM  PL
1 1 2 1
PL   
f L  2  R R
 1   2  2
PM       
 fM   R  R
2 2 4
PCH  2PL  PM   
R R R
ii)
Peff  2PL  PM
1  1  1  1
PL        
f L  2  R  2R
 1  2
PM      
 fM  R
2 2 3
PCH   
2R R R
iii)
Page 8
 1   1  1 1 
PL           0
 f L   2  R R 
 1   2 2
PM          
 fM   R R
2
PCH  PM 
R
iv)
 1   1  1  1
PL         
 f L   2   R  2R
 1  1
PM      0
 fM  
 1  1
Peff  2PL  2  
 2R  R
Refractive index of lenses is 3/2 . Then the final position of the image from the pole is
O
40cm P
A) P) 40/7 cm , left to P
R  20cm R  20 cm
O
B) 40 cm Q) 40/9 cm , right to P
R  20 cm
R  20 cm
C) O
P
R) 40/3cm , right to P
40cm
R  20 cm
Page 9
O
D) 40cm P
S) 40 cm, left to P
R  20cm
C) A – Q ; B – R ; C – S ; D – P D) A – R ; B – P ; C – S ; D – Q
Answer: B
Solution: i)
P
40cm
 1  2  100
Peff  2PL  PM  PL          5D
 2  R  20
 1  2 100
PM            10 D
 fM  R 10
Peff  10D  10 D  20D
100 100
f eff    5cm
Peff 20
1 1 1 1 1 1
    
f v u 5 v 40
1 1 1 8  1 1
    
5 40 v 40 v
40
v     ve indicates left 
7
ii)
100 1 2 
PL   100     5D
fL  2 20 
 100   2 
PM      100     10D
 fM   20 
Peff  2PL  PM  10D  10D  20D
100
f eff  5 cm
20
1 1 1
 
f v u
Page 10
1 1 1
 
5 v 40
1 1 1 1 8 1
   
5 40 v v 40
40
v cm Right top
9
iii)
100 1 1 
PL   100   
fL 2 R
100
PL   2.50
2  20
Peff  2 PL  5D
100
f eff   20 cm  convex 
5
1 1 1 1 1 1
    
20 v 40 v 20 40
1 3
 
v 40
40
v cm Right top
3
iv)
1 1 
PL  100   
2 R
100
PL   2.5D
2  20
Peff  2 P  5D
100
f eff   20 cm  Concave mirror 
5
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 1
     
20 v 40 v 20 40
v  40 cm left top
Page 11
Page 12
6. OPTICS
ADDITIONAL TASK
1. A concave mirror having a radius of curvature 40 cm is placed in front of an illuminated point
source at a distance of 30 cm from it. The location of the image is
A) 60 cm from the mirror on the side of the object
B) 30 cm from the mirror on the side of the object
C) 60 cm from the mirror on the other side of the object
D) 30 cm from the mirror on the other side of the object
Answer: A
Solution: f  20 cm, u  30
1 1 1 1
  
v 30 20 60
v  60 cm
 Image is 60 cm from the mirror on same side of object
2. A concave mirror forms an image of 20 cm high object on a screen placed 5.0 m away from
the mirror. The height of the image is 50 cm. the focal length of the mirror and the distance
between the mirror and the object is
A) 5 m, 2.4 m B) 5m, 2 m C) 1.43 m, 2.0 m D) 2m, 3.4 m
Answer: C
Solution: h  20 cm, h1  50cm
v  5cm, u  ?, f  ?
h1  v
m 
h u
50 5

20 4
u  200 cm  2m
f  1.43 m
3. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. The positions of an object for which the image
size is double of the object-size is
A) 10 or 30 cm from mirror B) 20 or 30 cm from mirror
C) 10 or 20 cm from mirror D) 10 or 40 cm from mirror
Answer: A
Solution: f  20
v
m2
u
v  2u
1 1 1
 
20 2u u
u = 30 cm from mirror
Page 1
v
m2
u
v  2u
1 4  2u

20 2u 2
u  10 cm
4. A 1 cm object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length
7.5 cm. Its distance from the mirror if the image formed is 0.6 cm in size is
A) 10 cm B) 15 cm C) 20 cm D) 5 cm
Answer: D
Solution: h  1cm; h1  0.6 cm; f  1cm
h1  v  0.6 v
m     
h u 1 u
v 6 3
 
u 10 5
3u
v
5
1 1 1 1 5 1 5u  3u 2u 2
       2 
f v u 7.5 3u u 3u 2 3u 3u
3u  15
15
u  5 cm
3
u  5 cm
5. A candle flame of 1.6 cm high is imaged in a ball bearing of diameter 0.4 cm. If the ball
bearing is 20 cm away from the flame, the location and the height of the image is
A) 2 mm inside the ballbearing, 0.08 mm B) 3 mm inside the ballbearing, 0.08 mm
C) 1 mm inside the ballbearing, 0.08 mm D) 4 mm inside the ballbearing, 0.08 mm
Answer: C
Solution: h1  1.6 cm,Distance  0.4 cm
R  0.2 cm, f  0.1cm, u  20 cm
1 1 1
 
v f u
10 1
 
1 20
20
v cm  1mm
201
0.1
h1   1.6  0.08 mm
20
6. A 3 cm tall object is placed at a distance of 7.5 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 6 cm
then the size of the image is
Page 2
A) 5.33 cm B) 1.33 cm C) 3.3 cm D) 10 cm
Answer: B
Solution: u  7.5 cm, f  6 cm
1 1 10
 
v 6 75
10
v  cm
3
1 v 10/3
h  h  3
u 7.5
4
  1.33cm
3
7. A man uses a concave mirror for shaving. He keeps his face at a distance of 25 cm from the
mirror and gets an image which is 1.4 times enlarged then the focal length of the mirror is
A) 87.5 cm B) 85.5 cm C) 89.5 cm D) 14.5 cm
Answer: A
Solution: u  25 cm
v
  1.4
u
v  1  25  35 cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1
 
35 25
f  87.5 cm
8. A U-shaped wire is placed before a concave mirror having radius of curvature 20 cm as
shown in figure the total length of the image is
10cm
B A
30cm
10cm
A) 30 cm B) 10 cm C) 6.9 cm D) 8.7 cm
Answer: B
Solution:
D C 15
10cm 1.7 13.3
B A F 3.3 10cm
10cm 30cm
f  10, u  30, v  ?
Page 3
1 1 1 2
  
v 10 30 30
v  15 cm
15
h11   10  5cm
30
u  40
1 1 1 3
  
v 10 40 40
40
v cm  13.3
3
40/3
h12   10  3.3cm
40
Total image length  5  3.3  15  13.3  10 cm
9. Find the diameter of the image of the moon formed by a spherical concave mirror of focal
length 7.6 m. The diameter of the moon is 3450 km and the distance between the earth and the
moon is 3.8  105 km .
A) 5.8 cm B) 5.6 cm C) 4.5 cm D) 6.9 cm
Answer: D
Solution: f  7.6
u  3.8  105
1 1 1
 
v 7.6 3.8  105
3.8 105  7.6

3.8  7.6 105
v  7.6 m
7.6
h1   3450  6.9 cm
3.6  105
10. A particle goes in a circle of radius 2.0 cm. A concave circle mirror of focal length 20 cm is
placed with its principal axis passing through the centre of the circle and perpendicular to its
plane. The distance between the pole of the mirror and the centre of the circle is 30 cm the
radius of the circle formed by the image is
A) 4 cm B) 6 cm C) 10 cm D) 8 cm
Answer: A
Solution: f  20 cm, u  30cm
1 1 1
 
v 20 30
v  60 cm
Radius of image  2  object cm
 4 cm
11. A point source S is placed midway between two converging mirrors having equal focal length f
Page 4
as shown. Find the values of d for which only one image is formed
d
A) f, 2f B) 2f, 3f C) 3f, 4f D) 2f, 4f

Answer: D
Solution: If distance 1s 2f, then object will be at focus. Then it reflects parallel rays forming
image at infinity. If the parallel rays fall on the mirror, it forms at focus. If distance is 4f, then
object will be at centre of curvature. So, it forms at same position
12. A converging mirror 'M1' , a point source S and a diverging mirror 'M2 ' are arranged as shown in
figure. The source is placed at a distance of 30 cm from 'M1' . The focal length of each of the
mirrors is 20 cm. Consider only the images formed by a maximum of two reflections. It is
found that one image is formed on the source itself. The distance between the two mirrors is
M1 M2
A) 50 cm B) 40 cm C) 25 cm D) 20 cm
Answer: A
Solution: for 1st reflection in M 1
M1 M2
s
30 x
u  30 cm;f  20 cm

1 1 1
 
v 30 20
1 1 1 10
  
v 20 30 600
v  60 cm
For second reflection of M2
u  60   30  x   30  x
v   x; f  20cm
1 1 1 1 1 1 30  x  x
     
f v u 20 x 30  x 30 x  x 2
30 x  x 2  40 x  600  x 2  10 x  600  0
10  50 40
x   20 cm  or   30 cm
2 2
The distance between two mirrors is 30  x  30  20  50
Page 5
13. A ray of light travels from a light source S to an observer after reflection from a plane mirror. If
the source rotates in the clockwise direction by 10 , by what angle and in what direction the
mirror should be rotated so that the light ray still strikes the observer ?
S
Observer
A) 10 anticlock wise B) 10 clock wise C) 5 clock wise D) 5 anti clock wise
Answer: C
Solution: When the source is rotated by10 clockwise, the angle of incidence is changed by
10 .Therefore, the angle of reflection should also change by 10 in order for the light to reach
the observer. Now, the property of a plane mirror is such that, if the mirror is rotated through
an angle then the angle of reflection changes by twice the angle. So, in order for the angle of
reflection to change by10 , the mirror should be rotated by 5 clockwise
14. Figure shows a plane mirror and an object that are moving towards each other. Find the velocity
of image
5ms1
30
y
10 ms1
Mirror
30 x
Object
   
 
A) 5 1  3 i  5 3 j ms 1  
B) 1  3 i  5 j ms 1
   
 
C) 1  3 i  j ms 1  
D) 2  3 i  j ms 1
Answer: A
Solution:
5 m/s
30°
10 m/s
60°
object
mirror
V0  5iˆ  5 3 ˆj
5 3ˆ 5ˆ
Vm   i j
2 2
VI  5iˆ  5 3iˆ  5 3iˆ  5  
3  1 iˆ  5 3 ˆj
Page 6
15. The deviation suffered by incident ray in situation as shown in figure after three successive
reflections. is 55 x clockwise then x is
50°
30°
Answer: 1
16. A child walks towards a fixed plane mirror at a speed of 5km h 1 . The velocity of the image
is (in km h 1 )
A) 5 B) 5 C) 10 D) 10
Answer: B
Solution: When the child move towards the mirror with a speed of 5 km/hr the image of the
boy also move towards it with the same speed 5 km/hr
So, 5  5  10 km/hr
It can never happen that the boy moves and image remain still. They both will move towards
Each other with same velocity
17. A plane mirror and a concave mirror are arranged as shown in figure & ‘O’ is a point object.
The position of image formed by two reflections, first one taking place at concave mirror is
45 O
A890cm 110cm
A) 50 cm B) 100 cm C) 150 cm D) 200 cm

Answer: B
Solution:
R  200 cm, f = 100 cm, u =  110 cm

1 1 1 1 1 1
    
f v u 100 110 v
1 110  100 10
 
v 100  110 100  110
v  1100 cm
Image distance (V) = 1100 cm
The distance between plane mirror and concave mirror  890  110  1000 cm
The distance between image and plane mirror  1100  1000  100 cm
Below the point ‘A’
Page 7
18. A small piece of wood is floating on the surface of a 2.5 m deep lake. Where does the shadow
form on the bottom when the sun is just setting? Refractive index of water  4/3
A) 5.83 m shifted from the position directly below the piece of the wood
B) 2.83 m shifted from the position directly below the piece of the wood
C) 8.83 m shifted from the position directly below the piece of the wood
D) 6.83 m shifted from the position directly below the piece of the wood
Answer: B
Solution:
i  90
w ☆
2.5m
49
w1 xO
Height of the lake = 2.5 m
When the sun is just setting  , is approximately  90
sin i 2 1 4/3 3
     sin r   r  49
sin r 1 sin r 1 4
As shown in the figure , x /2.5  tan r  1.15
 x  2.5  1.15  2.8m
19. k transparent slabs are arranged one over another. The refractive indices of the slabs are
1 , 2 , 3  k and the thicknesses are t1 , t 2 , t 3 , t 4  t k . An object is seen through this
combination with nearly perpendicular light. The equivalent refractive index of the system
which will allow the image to be formed at the same place is
k k k k
t
i 1
i t
i 1
i ti 1
i t
i 1
i
A) k
B) k
C) k
D) k
  ti /2i 
i 1
  ti  i 
i 1
  ti i 
i 1
 t
i 1
i / i 
Answer: A
Solution: Total number of slabs = K, thickness  t1 ,t 2 , t 3  t k
Refractive index  1 , 2 , 3 ,  4  k
1    1   1 
The shift t   1   t1  1   t2    1   tk  1
 1   2   k 
If,   refractive index of combination of slabs and image is formed at same place
 1
t  1    t1  t2    tk   2 
 
Equation (1) and (2), we get,
 1  1   1   1 
1     t1  t2    tk   1    t1   1    t2    1    tk
   1   2   k 
Page 8
t t t 
  t1  t2    tk    1  2    k 
 1 2 k 
k
1 k k
t  t i
  t1    1   i 1
 i1 i 1  1 
k
 t1 
 
i 1  1 

20. Light is incident from a medium A to medium B. The graph of sine of angle of incidence i
versus Since of angle of refraction r is shown in fig. which of the following is/are correct ?
sin r
0.866
0.433
0.25 0.50 sin i

1) Total internal reflection occurs above a certain value of i. sin r
2) Total internal reflection will not occur for any value of i
3) Wavelength of light in medium B is 3 times that in medium A.
4) Wavelength of light in medium B is 1/ 3 times that in medium A.
A) 1 and 3 B) 2 and 3 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 4
Answer: A
Solution: TIR will occur for certain value of i. Wavelength is 1/ 3 in B
21. The left end of a long glass rod of index 1.6350 is ground and polished to a convex spherical
surface of radius 2.50 cm. A small object is located in the air and on the axis 9.0 cm from the
vertex. The lateral magnification is
A) 0.795 B) 0.777 C) 0.795 D) 0.777
Answer: B
Solution:
1  1 2
2.5cm
1.635
9cm
1  1, 2  1.635
u  9cm
1.635 1 1.635  1
 
v 9 2.5
1.635 0.635 1
 
v 2.5 9
 0.254  0.111
 0.143
Page 9
v  11.433
v
m  1  0.777cm
u 2
22. A biconvex thick lens is constructed with glass    1.50  . Each of the surfaces has a radius
of 10 cm and the thickness at the middle is 5 cm. Locate the image of an object placed far
away from the lens is
A) 2.5 cm from other side lens B) 9.1 cm from other side lens
C) 10 cm from other side lens D) 1.5 cm from other side lens
Answer: B
Solution: For first refraction at A
2 1 2  1
  u  
v u R
1.5 0.5 1.5 0.5
0     v  30 cm
v 10 v 10
For second refraction at B
u   30  5   25cm
R 2  10
2 1 2  1 1 1.5   1.5
    
v u R v 25 10
1 1.5 0.5 1 1.25  1.5
    
v 2.5 10 v 25
1 2.75 1 25
     9.1cm
v 25 v 2.75
Page 10

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C2 - C BATCH - PART - II PHYSICS – OPTICS

(i) In the above figure, ON is known as

1) Angle of glancing a) 30

8. When light ray is reflected

real image virtual object

these are convergent lines

Incident beam is convergent

angle of reflection is zero

plane mirror plane mirror

A)   45 B)   30 C)   60 D) all three

A) 7 ms 1 direction is towards left B) 7 ms 1 direction is towards right

Inter Type questions:

2. If convex surface of a spherical mirror is silvered then it is called

Parallel beam of light

Minimum of two rays are needed for the intersection

It follows laws of reflection

Because the ray incident normally on the surface

1/u 1/u 1/u 1/u

A) the second image is real and inverted with magnification 1/5

APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - VII

3. An object P is focused by a microscope M. a glass slab of thickness 2.1 cm is introduced

1.0cm   1.4 t  0.4cm

We can have from diagram

Emergent ray coincides with Normal

Given that refracting angle of prism  60

A) The exit angle 2 of the ray is sin 1  5/8

n1  5/3, n 2  4/3, 1  60

A) Ray is falling on a plane smooth mirror P)

B) A ray is going from rarer to denser medium Q)

C) A ray is going from denser to rarer medium R)

D) A ray is falling on a prism S)

A) 30 cm left to spherical surface B) 30 cm right to spherical surface

A) 0.12 cm B) 0.6 cm C) 0.3 cm D) 0.9 cm

A) 100 cm from left of curved surface B) 50 cm from left of curved surface C

Taking the origin at the vertex, u = -20.0 cm and R = 5.0 cm

A) 3 cm below surface B) 6 cm below surface

Here u  40cm, R  10cm, 1  1.5and  2  1

Combination focal length = f

Let an object O is kept at u from Ist surface

Given that u  v  48cm

A) one and only one image will be formed away from P2

Refraction due to I lens

45cm 16cm 20cm

  1.5,R 1  20cm,R 2  30cm

From the lens image by lens I1

A) 3.04 B) 8.048 C) 25.3 D) 4

A) f, 2f B) 2f, 3f C) 3f, 4f D) 2f, 4f

u  30 cm;f  20 cm

A) 50 cm B) 100 cm C) 150 cm D) 200 cm

R  200 cm, f = 100 cm, u =  110 cm

0.25 0.50 sin i

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