GATE DRIVE CIRCUIT FOR MOSFET

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
KIRAN P S

Register No. : TRV22EEPR01

to
the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Kerala Technical University
in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENIGEERINNG
(Power Electronics And Drives)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Government Engineering College Barton Hill
Thiruvananthapuram - 695 035
Kerala
FEBRUVARY 2023

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A MOSFET is an acronym for metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor. It is a

special type of field-effect transistor (FET) and is the key component in high frequency, high
efficiency switching applications across the electronics industry. A MOSFET is a voltage
controlled device. It has four terminals: a gate, a drain, a source and bulk. The source and drain
are the terminals through which the current flows. The gate and bulk voltages control the current.
There needs to be a certain gate-to-source voltage, called threshold voltage, in order for the
MOSFET to turn on. MOSFETs and IGBTs are voltage-controlled Tran’s conductance devices.
However the isolated gate-electrode of the MOSFET forms a capacitor, called gate capacitor,
which must be charged or discharged each time the MOSFET is switched on or off respectively .
As a transistor requires a particular gate voltage in order to switch on, the gate capacitor must be
charged to at least the required gate voltage for the transistor to be switched on. Similarly, to
switch the transistor off, this charge must be dissipated meaning that the gate capacitor must be
discharged. This is why a gate driver is usually needed, especially for high frequencies. A gate
driver is a power amplifier that accepts a low-power input from a controller IC and produces a
high current drive input for the gate of a high-power transistor such as a power MOSFET. A
voltage must therefore be applied between the gate and source terminals of a MOSFET to produce
a flow of current in the drain. The gate is isolated electrically from the source by a layer of silicon
dioxide, so ideally no current flows into the gate when a DC voltage is applied to it; however, in
practice there is an extremely small current in the order of Nano amperes. With zero voltage
applied between the gate and source electrodes the impedance between the drain and source
terminals is very high and only leakage current flows in the drain.

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 CHAPTER 2

REQUIRMENTS OF THE PROJECT

When the power-supply IC and MOS transistor are selected, it is especially important to select an
appropriate driver circuit to connect the IC to the transistor.

A good MOSFET driver circuit has the following requirements:

1. When the switching transistor is turned on, the drive circuit should be able to provide a large
enough charging current to rapidly increase the voltage between the gate and source terminals of
the MOSFET to the required value, ensuring that not only the switching transistor can be quickly
turned on but also there is no high-frequency oscillation on the rising edge.

2. During the on-time of the switch, the driver circuit can ensure that the voltage between the gate
and source terminals of the MOSFET remains stable and reliably turned on.

3. At the moment of turn-off, the driver circuit can provide a path with as low impedance as
possible to quickly discharge the capacitor's voltage between the gate and source terminals of the
MOSFET, ensuring that the switch can be quickly turned off.

4. The circuit structure should be simple, efficient and reliable.

5. Electrical isolation is applied accordingly.

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 CHAPTER 3

CIRCUIT DIGRAM OF THE MODEL

Figure 2: Circuit diagram of the Model

A MOSFET driver IC translates TTL or CMOS logical signals, to a higher voltage and higher
current, with the goal of rapidly and completely switching the gate of a MOSFET. An output pin
of a microcontroller is usually adequate to drive a small-signal logic level MOSFET. However
driving larger MOSFETs is a different story. Large MOSFETs have higher gate capacitance.

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Digital signals are meant to drive small loads (on the order of 10-100pF). This is much less than
the many MOSFETs, which can be in the thousands of Pf.

Also these MOSFETs have a higher gate voltage. A 3.3V or 5V signal, which is the maximum of
a pulse modulated signal delivered by a microcontroller, is often not enough for the MOSFET.
Usually 8-12V is required to fully turn on the MOSFET. There is also a third issue: a switching
MOSFET can cause a back-current from the gate back to the driving circuit. MOSFET drivers are
designed to handle this back current.

Of particular importance to the existing design are Pins 5, 6, 7, 11 and 14. Pin 11 and Pin 14 are
the gate drive output pins and these provide the switching pulses to drive the gates of the
MOSFETs via a suitable resistor. The output frequency of Pin 11 and Pin 14 is set by the timing
capacitor Ct connected to Pin 5, and the timing resistor Rt connected to Pin 6. A small value
resistor between Pin 5 and Pin 7 sets the “dead-time” of the output.

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 CHAPTER 4

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PWM is used in all sorts of power control and converter circuits. Some common examples include
motor control, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters and lamp dimmers. There are numerous
PWM controllers available that make the use and application of PWM quite easy. One of the most
popular of such controllers is the versatile and ubiquitous SG3525 produced by multiple
manufacturers – ST Microelectronics, Fairchild Semiconductors, On Semiconductors, to name a
few.

SG3525 is used extensively in DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, home UPS systems, solar
inverters, power supplies, battery chargers and numerous other applications. With proper

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understanding, you can soon start using SG3525 yourself in such applications or any other
application really that demands PWM control.

Before going on to the description and application, let’s first take a look at the block diagram and
the pin layout.

Pins 1 (Inverting Input) and 2 (Non Inverting Input) are the inputs to the on-board error amplifier.
If you are wondering what that is, you can think of it as a comparator that controls the increase or
decrease of the duty cycle for the “feedback” that you associate with Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM).

This functions either to increase or decrease the duty cycle depending on the voltage levels on the
Inverting and Non-Inverting Inputs – pins 1 and 2 respectively.

 When voltage on the Inverting Input (pin 1) is greater than voltage on the Non-Inverting
Input (pin 2), duty cycle is decreased.

 When voltage on the Non-Inverting Input (pin 2) is greater than voltage on the Inverting
Input (pin 1), duty cycle is increased.

The frequency of PWM is dependent on the timing capacitance and the timing resistance. The
timing capacitor (CT) is connected between pin 5 and ground. The timing resistor (RT) is
connected between pin 6 and ground. The resistance between pins 5 and 7 (RD) determines the
deadtime (and also slightly affects the frequency).

Pin 12 is the Ground connection and should be connected to the circuit ground. It must share a
common ground with the device it drives.

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Pins 11 and 14 are the outputs from which the drive signals are to be taken. They are the outputs
of the SG3525 internal driver stage and can be used to directly drive MOSFETs and IGBTs. They
have a continuous current rating of 100mA and a peak rating of 500mA. When greater current or
better drive is required, a further driver stage using discrete transistors or a dedicated driver stage
should be used. Similarly a driver stage should be used when driving the device causing excessive
power dissipation and heating of SG3525. When driving MOSFETs in a bridge configuration,
high-low side drivers or gate-drive transformers must be used as the SG3525 is designed only for
low-side drive.

Pin 15 is VCC – the supply voltage to the SG3525 that makes it run. VCC must lie within the
range 8V to 35V. SG3525 has an under-voltage lockout circuit that prevents operation when VCC
is below 8V, thus preventing erroneous operation or malfunction.

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PIN DIAGRAM :

SG3525 is a pulse width modulator IC. This IC is used to design all types
of SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply) and PWM signals for power electronics
projects. It has improved performance and lower external parts and is a 16 pin IC. To
control the output voltage, it offers a feedback circuit that controls voltage by
comparing the feedback signal with a reference signal. Based on the feedback current
limit, it has a protection circuit that shutdown the PWM signal. Also, this device has a
built-in soft start circuit.

Generally, this device is used in inverter applications. It utilizes two main PWM
outputs that are inverse of each other. A single resistor is connected between the
discharge pin and CT that is used to program a wide range of dead time. This IC has
two outputs that operate in a totem pole configuration or flip flop or push-pull
manner. The outputs of this IC are connected with external devices that are used to
control the converter transformer for implementing final operations like MOSFET.

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PIN DESCRIPTIONS

Pin Pin Name Pin Function

Number

1 INV Inverting Input

2 NINV Non-Inverting Input

3 SYNC Synchronizing IC with an external oscillator

frequency.

4 OSC. Output Oscillator Output. The frequency of IC is confirmed at

this pin.

5, 6 CT & R T These pins are used to connect an external capacitor

and resistor respectively to set up the frequency of
the oscillator circuit.

7 Discharge (DIS) This pin is used to determine the dead time for IC. A
resistor is connected between pin-7 and 5 will decide
the frequency of PWM (or dead time).

8 Soft Start (SS) A capacitor is connected with this pin and ground. As
the name suggests, this pin is used to initiate
operation softly.

9 Compensation This is a compensation pin. It is used to compensate

(COMP) for the error and avoid rapid fluctuations.

10 Shutdown This is a shutdown pin. It instantly narrows down to

PWM signals to the maximum level if it is set high.
This pin is used to shutting down the output of IC in
the event of malfunction or unwanted condition.

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11 Output A This is an output pin that is used as an input for
external devices.

12 VSS This pin is a ground pin.

13 VC This is a power pin used to supply input voltage 5-35

V. A resister is connected to the DC supply. Therefore,
this register decides the magnitude of the trigger
current to the output current.

14 Output B This is an output pin that is used as an input for

external devices.

15 Vin It is a supply input voltage 8-35 V.

16 Vref It is a reference pin used to set reference voltage

through pins 1 and 2.

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 CHAPTER 5

RESULT

Figure. Result

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

The SG3525A, SG3527A, SG3527AN pulse width modulator control circuits offer improved
performance and lower external parts count when implemented for controlling all types of
switching power supplies. The on–chip +5.1 V reference is trimmed to ±1% and the error
amplifier has an input common–mode voltage range that includes the reference voltage, thus
eliminating the need for external divider resistors. Gate drive for mofet for SG355A Obtained.

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