Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 52 views

    Intel Atom Processor PDF

    Uploaded by

    YOGI RAGHAV
    The Intel Atom is a line of low-power x86-64 CPUs used in devices like netbooks, tablets, and embedded systems. Atoms are single or dual-core processors that use in-order pipelines and have thermal designs from 0.65 to 13 watts. Atoms support 32-bit or 64-bit instruction sets and use an L1 cache of 36KB instruction and 24KB data, with a 512KB L2 cache. Benchmarks show performance ranging from 194 to 694 based on core count, clock speed, and TDP. Atoms target low cost, low power devices needing full internet and x86 compatibility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Intel Atom Processor PDF

    Uploaded by

    YOGI RAGHAV
    52 views3 pages
    The Intel Atom is a line of low-power x86-64 CPUs used in devices like netbooks, tablets, and embedded systems. Atoms are single or dual-core processors that use in-order pipelines and have thermal designs from 0.65 to 13 watts. Atoms support 32-bit or 64-bit instruction sets and use an L1 cache of 36KB instruction and 24KB data, with a 512KB L2 cache. Benchmarks show performance ranging from 194 to 694 based on core count, clock speed, and TDP. Atoms target low cost, low power devices needing full internet and x86 compatibility.

    Original Title

    Intel_Atom_Processor.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The Intel Atom is a line of low-power x86-64 CPUs used in devices like netbooks, tablets, and embedded systems. Atoms are single or dual-core processors that use in-order pipelines and have thermal designs from 0.65 to 13 watts. Atoms support 32-bit or 64-bit instruction sets and use an L1 cache of 36KB instruction and 24KB data, with a 512KB L2 cache. Benchmarks show performance ranging from 194 to 694 based on core count, clock speed, and TDP. Atoms target low cost, low power devices needing full internet and x86 compatibility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views3 pages

    Intel Atom Processor PDF

    Uploaded by

    YOGI RAGHAV
    The Intel Atom is a line of low-power x86-64 CPUs used in devices like netbooks, tablets, and embedded systems. Atoms are single or dual-core processors that use in-order pipelines and have thermal designs from 0.65 to 13 watts. Atoms support 32-bit or 64-bit instruction sets and use an L1 cache of 36KB instruction and 24KB data, with a 512KB L2 cache. Benchmarks show performance ranging from 194 to 694 based on core count, clock speed, and TDP. Atoms target low cost, low power devices needing full internet and x86 compatibility.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Intel Atom Processor

    Historical Background :
    Intel Atom is the brand name for a line of ultra-low-voltage Intel Architecture-32
    (IA)-32 and x86-64 CPUs. Atom is mainly used in netbooks, nettops, embedded
    applications ranging from health care to
    advanced robotics, and mobile Internet
    devices (MIDs).
    The first generation of Atom
    processors are based on the Bonnell
    microarchitecture. On 21 December 2009,
    Intel announced the Pine Trail platform,
    including new Atom processor code-
    named Pineview (Atom N450), with total
    kit power consumption down 20%. on 28
    December 2011, intel updated the Atom
    line with the Cedar processors.
    In December 2012, Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton family of Atom CPUs,
    designed specifically for use in servers. Centerton adds features previously unavailable
    in Atom processors, such as Intel VT virtualization technology and support for ECC
    memory. On 4 September 2013 Intel launched a 22 nm successor to Centerton,
    codenamed Avoton.
    In 2012, Intel announced a new system on chip (SoC) platform designed for
    smartphones and tablets which would use the Atom line of CPUs. It is a continuation of
    the partnership announced by Intel and Google on 13 September 2011 to provide support
    for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors. This range competes with
    existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies like
    Texas Instruments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung.

    Processor Architecture :
    Three series of atom processor are released, N series, Z series are both single core
    and D series are dual core. The TDP (thermal design power) can vary from 0.65 Watt to
    13 Watt. The Atom family is an x86-based architecture with dual in-order instructions.
    The Atom N330 is the only 64-bit architecture in the family apart from N230, with the
    remainder using 32-bit. Intel's Atom has a 16-stage pipeline, including three instruction
    phase stages: decode (3 stages), instruction dispatch (2 stages), and data cache access (3
    stages), Each Atom core is also equipped with two ALUs and two FPUs. The first ALU
    manages shift operations and the second controls jumps. All arithmetic operations,
    including integer operations, are automatically sent to the FPUs. The first FPU is simple
    and limited to addition, while the second manages SIMD and multiply/divide operations.
    While basic instructions are executed in one cycle but it can take up to 31 cycles (for
    floating point division) for complex instructions. To increase performance, Atom also
    supports Hyper-Threading. Hyper-Threading is Intel's proprietary technology that
    implements simultaneous multi-threading. For each processor core that is physically
    present, the operating system can create two virtual processors and shares the workload
    between them. Hence a dual-core Atom, such as the N330, appears to have four cores to
    the operating system.

    Memory Hierarchy :

    L1 cache :
    • 36K instruction cache; only 32K available for use.
    • 24K Data cache.
    • Instruction and data cache have only 1 read port and one write port for each.
    L2 cache :
    • 512K and 8-way associativity.
    • 256 bit internal data path between L2 and L1 data cache improves high
    bandwidth.
    • Efficient hardware prefetchers to L1 and L2, speculatively loading data likely to
    be requested by processor to reduce cache miss impact.
    • Max external addressing space is up to 4GB.
    • Segmented memory architecture.
    Benchmark : (www.cpubenchmark.net)
    examples for intel atom processors' benchmarks from different series.
    Processor No. of cores Clock speed Max TDP Benchmark
    Name (GHz) (Watt)
    Intel Atom D525 2 1.8 13 694
    Intel Atom N270 1 1.6 2.5 277
    Intel Atom Z510 1 1.1 2 194
    Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) are variable (CISC). Intel Atom processors support
    the following groups of instruction sets :
    • General Purpose
    • x87 FPU
    • x87 FPU and SIMD State Management
    • MMX Technology
    • SSE Extensions
    • SSE2 Extensions
    • SSE3 Extensions
    • System Instructions
    • VMX Instructions

    The market :
    The Atom processors are designed with 3 primary goals : Dramatically reduce
    power consumption, Sufficient performance for a full internet experience and Full x86
    compatibility. And these specs supported the Atom to serve the low-cost subnotebook
    computers (netbooks), low-cost desktop PCs (nettops) and Mobile internet devices
    (MIDs).

    You might also like