AUXESIS REVIEW CENTER

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following

questions.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. If aspirin is made using the raw materials salicylic acid

and acetic anhydride with a yield of 75%, how many grams of
aspirin will be produced
A. 25 C. 30
B. 15 D. 1

2. Classify each of the following as homogeneous or

heterogeneous:
I. a door V. the water you drink
II. the air you breathe V. salsa
III. a cup of coffee (black) VI. your lab partner
A. hetero, homo, homo, homo, hetero, hetero
B. hetero, hetero, homo, homo, homo, hetero
C. homo, homo, homo, homo, hetero, homo
D. homo, homo, hetero, hetero, homo, hetero

3. How many beta particles are emitted in the decomposition of

238 U to 206 Pb?
92 82
A. 4 C. 6
B. 2 D. 8

4. Give the mass empirical formula of the following compound

if a sample contains 57.8%C, 36%H, and 38.6%O by mass.
A. C2HO C. C8H6O4
B. C4H3O2 D. C12H9O6

5. The decomposition of iodoethane in the gas phase proceeds

according to the following reactions:
C2H5I (g) à C2H4 (g) + HI (g)
At 660 K, k = 7.2x10-4 /s and at 720 K, k = 1.70x10-2/s. If
the initial pressure of iodoethane is 894 torr at 2450C,
what is the pressure of iodoethane after three half-lives?
A. 429 torr C. 356 torr
B. 112 torr D. 508 torr

6. Where in the body does fatty acid synthesis occur?

A. Mitochondrion C. Ribosomes
B. Cytoplasm D. Golgi apparatus

7. A solution of an unknown base was titrated with 0.150 M HCl,

and 22.0 mL of acid was needed to reach the end point of the
titration. How many moles of the unknown base were in the
solution?
A. 2.2x10-3 ml C. 0.9x10-3 ml
-3
B. 1.2x10 ml D. 3.3x10-3 ml
8. Suppose you have a phosphate buffer of pH 7.21.
If you add more solid NaH2PO4 to this buffer, would you expect
the pH of the buffer to increase, decrease, or remain
unchanged?
A. increase C. remain the same
B. decrease D. either increase or decrease

9. A water sample contains 60 mg/L of calcium, 60 mg/L of

magnesium and 25 mg/L of sodium. What is the total hardness
in mg/L as CaCO3?
A. 7.9 C. 85
B. 395 D. 145

10. What is the theoretical oxygen demand in liters of air for

300 mg/L solution of methylamine, CH3NH2, to decompose
completely?
A.4.2 L C. 2.9 L
B.5.8 L D. 3.6 L

11. Calculate the degree of deprotonation of the side chain of

cysteine at pH 7.30, given that the side chain –SH group has
pKa = 8.20.
A. 0.86 B. 0.73
B. 0.27 D. 0.14

12. A stream flowing with a velocity of 2 mph contains no BOD,

but has an oxygen deficit of 6 mg/L. Ten miles downstream
this deficit has been reduced to 4 mg/L through adsorption
from the atmosphere. The stream conditions are uniform
throughout its length. Assuming the rate of aeration is
proportional to the deficit, what would be the deficit 35
miles downstream from the original point?
A. 3.22 mg/L C. 1.46 mg/L
B. 4.14 mg/L D. 2.11 mg/L

13. What structural characteristics do citric acid and malic

acid have in common?
A. They are heterocyclic compounds
B. Both has three moieties of carboxylic acid
C. They contain an alkene bridge
D. They are both hydroxy acids

14. If each mole of ATP yields 7.3 kcal of energy upon

hydrolysis, how many kilocalories of energy would you get
-
from 1 g of CH3COO entering the citric acid cycle?
A. 2.2 kcal C. 3.9 kcal
B. 0.7 kcal D. 1.5 kcal

15. What is the difference between a coenzyme and a cofactor?

A. Coenzyme activator is inorganic while cofactor is organic
B. Coenzyme needs allosteric activator while cofactor
requires conformational induction
C. Cofactor contains heme groups, coenzyme has disulfide
bridge
D. Cofactor is more generic; it means a nonprotein part of
an enzyme. A coenzyme is an organic factor.
16. Who discovered phenolphthalein?
A. Adolf von Baeyer C. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
B. Louis-Jacques Thenard D. Albert Hofmann

17. How many high-energy phosphate bonds are in the ATP molecule?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 0

18. Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or

a mixture.
a) diamond
b) sea water
c) gasoline
d) wine
e) a pebble
f) bronze
A. element, mixture, mixture, mixture, mixture, mixture
B. compound, mixture, compound, mixture, mixture, element
C. element, compound, compound, element, compound, compound
D. compound, compound, mixture, compound, compound, mixture

19. Which has higher absolute entropy at a temperature of 250C,

cyclopropane or propylene? Why?
A. Both have the same absolute entropy at normal
temperature.
B. Propylene due to the free rotation around the carbon-
carbon single bond.
C. Cyclopropane due to the free rotation around the carbon-
carbon double bond.
D. None of these

20. Applying the Octet Rule, determine how many electrons each
must each atom gain or loss to acquire an electron
configuration identical to the noble gas nearest to it in
atomic number; Sr, S and Si.
A. krypton; argon, argon and krypton
B. neon; argon and krypton; krypton
C. none of these
D. argon; krypton, krypton and argon

21. When 1.61 x 10-3 moles of phenolphthalein indicators in

dissolved in one liter of water plus ethanol. Estimate the
the concentration at equilibrium of [Hphth], [H3O+] and
[phth-].
A. [Hpth] = 1.599 x 10-3 M; [H30+] = 8.0 x 10-7 M; [phth-1] =
8.0 x 10-7 M
B.[Hpth] = 0.913 x 10-5 M; [H30+] = 6.99 x 10-8 M; [phth-1] =
6.72 x 10-6 M
C.[Hpth] = 1.512 x 10-4 M; [H30+] = 7.82 x 10-6 M; [phth-1] =
6.07 x 10-6 M
D. None of these
22. A large stream has a reoxygenation constant of 0.4 day−1 and
a velocity of 0.85 m/s. At the point at which an organic
pollutant is discharged, it is saturated with oxygen at 10
mg/L (DO = 0). Below the outfall the ultimate demand for
oxygen is found to be 20 mg/L, and the deoxygenation constant
is 0.2 day−1. What is the dissolved oxygen 48.3 km downstream?
A. 7.8 mg/L C. 2.2 mg/L
B. 5.0 mg/L D. 6.5 mg/L

23. Glucose is the only carbohydrate compound that the brain can
use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the
need of the brain during starvation?
A. gluconeogenesis C. glycogenesis
B. glycolysis D. none of these

24. Predict whether each of the following nuclides is stable or

unstable (radioactive). If the nuclide is unstable,
predict the type of radioactivity you would expect it to
exhibit. 45K, 56Fe, 11Na, 194Tl.
A. unstable-alpha production, unstable-positron
production, stable, unstable-electron capture
B. unstable-beta production, stable, unstable-positron
production, unstable-alpha production
C. stable, stable, stable, stable
D. stable, unstable-alpha production, unstable-electron
capture, unstable-alpha production

25. Mercury poisoning is a debilitating disease that is often

fatal. In the human body, mercury reacts with essential
enzymes leading to irreversible inactivity of these enzymes.
If the amount of mercury in a polluted lake is 0.4 microgram
Hg/mL, what is the total mass in kilograms of mercury in the
lake? (The lake has a surface area of 100 mi2 and an average
depth of 20 ft.)
A. 55.7x105 C. 27.1x104
B. 80.3x10 4 D. 64.5x105

26. Crystals of a material are suspended in the middle of a cup

of water at 2 deg C. How might you enable the crystals to
rise to the surface of the water so that you can harvest
them?
a. Add more crystals
b. Add more water
c. Decrease the temperature of water to 0 deg C
d. Increase the temperature of water to 4 deg C

27. What is the organic formula of lindane, chlorinated

pesticide which has been banned? It is composed of 24.781%
carbon, 2.082% hydrogen, 73.142% chlorine and has a
molecular mass of 290.834.
A. C3H6Cl6 C. C6H12Cl6
B. C3H6Cl12 D. (CHCl)6
28. Consider the system
A (g) à B (g)
at 250C.
Assuming GA0 = 8996 J/mol and GB0 = 11718 J/mol, calculate
the value of equilibrium constant for this reaction.
A. 1.98 C. 2.56
B. 0.50 D. 0.33

29. Predict the order of the melting points of triglycerides

containing fatty acids, as follows:
I. Palmitic, palmitic, stearic
II. Oleic, stearic, palmitic
III. Oleic, linoleic, oleic
A. III < II < I C. I < III < II
B. II < I < III D. II < III < I

30. A reported synthesis of the transuranium element bohrium

(Bh) involved the bombardment of berkelium-249 with neon-22
to produce bohrium-267. The half-life of bohrium-267 is 15.0
seconds. If 199 atoms of bohrium-267 could be synthesized,
how much time would elapse before only 11 atoms of bohrium-
267 remain?
A. 50 s C. 63 s
B. 79 s D. 44 s

31. How many molecules are in one drop of water?

A. a. 1.0x1021 C. 1.7x1024
B. 1.0x1024 D. 1.7x1021

32. Which of the following objects are chiral (assume that there
is no label or other identifying mark)?
a) Pair of scissors
b) Tennis ball
c) Paper clip
d) Beaker
e) The swirl created in water as it drains out of a sink or
bathtub
A. chiral, chiral, chiral, chiral, chiral
B. achiral, chiral, chiral, achiral, chiral
C. chiral, achiral, chiral, chiral, achiral
D. chiral, achiral, achiral, achiral, chiral

33. Consider the reaction 2O(g) à O2 (g). Predict the signs of

deltaH and deltaS. Would the reaction more spontaneous at
high or low temperatures?
A. deltaH = -, deltaS = +, high
B. deltaH = +, deltaS = +, high
C. deltaH = -, delta S = -, low
D. deltaH = +, deltaS = -, low

34. A sample of municipal sewage is diluted to 1% by volume prior

to running a BOD5 analysis. After 5 days the oxygen
consumption is determined to be 2.00 mg · L−1. What is the
BOD5 of the sewage?
A. 150 mg/L C. 250 mg/L
B. 300 mg/L D. 200 mg/L
35. In each case, tell whether the bond is ionic, polar covalent,
or nonpolar covalent: Br2, BrCl, HCl, SrF2, SiH4, CO, N2, CsCl
A. nonpolar covalent, nonpolar covalent, polar covalent,
ionic, nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent,
ionic
B. polar covalent, ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent,
nonpolar covalent, nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, polar
covalent
C. nonpolar covalent, nonpolar covalent, ionic, nonpolar
covalent, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, ionic
D. nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent,
nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic,
polar covalent

36. How to differentiate alkane alkene and alkyne?

A. combustion on an empty beaker
B. nature of carbon and its branching
C. reaction with Br2
D. all of these

37. Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, has a vapor pressure of 213 torr

at 400C and 836 torr at 800C. What is the normal boiling point
of CCl4?
A. 580C C. 770C
B. 490C D. 600C

38. The initial ultimate BOD after mixing of the Bergelmir River
is 12.0 mg- L−1. The DO in the Bergelmir River after the
wastewater and river have mixed is at saturation. The river
temperature is 10◦C. At 10◦C, the deoxygenation rate
constant (kd) is 0.30 day−1, and the reaeration rate constant
(kr) is 0.40 day−1. Determine the critical DO.
A. 7.5 mg/L C. 6.8 mg/L
B. 5.4 mg/L D. 4.1 mg/L

39. How many carbon atoms in olvanil?

A. 40 C. 15
B. 38 D. 26

40. These compounds are formed by the reaction of acids with

alcohol.
A. Ethers C. Bases
B. Esters D. Enzymes

41. The Tanay Rizal Stone Works employs six workers who produce
uncompacted waste from the products formed for building
decors. If the density of the uncompacted waste is 40
kilograms per cubic meters, determine the annual volume of
solid waste produced by the factory assuming a waste
generation volume rate of one kilogram per capita per day.
A. 3.22 cubic meters C. 8.01 cubic meters
B. 5.56 cubic meters D. 4.65 cubic meters

42. Choose the process that occurs with a decrease in entropy

A. freezing of water C. dissolving salt in water
B. boiling of water D. sublimation of dry ice
43. Why is it accurate to assume that the carbon-14 to carbon-
12 ratio in a living plant remains constant over the lifetime
of the plant?
I. Carbon 14 is continually generated in the upper atmosphere
by the production and decay of nitrogen 14.
II. Carbon 14 incorporated into carbon dioxide and the other
compounds are distributed worldwide as part of the carbon
cycle.
III. The continual formation of carbon-14; transfer of
isotope within the oceans, atmospheres and biosphere; and
the decay of living matter keep the supply constant.
A. T, F, T C. T, T, T
B. F, F, F D. F, F, T

44. Consider the Earth to be a blackbody with average temperature

15degC and surface area equal to 5.1x10^14 m^2. Find the
rate at which energy is radiated by the Earth and the
wavelength at which maximum power is radiated. Compare this
peak wavelength with that for a 5800-K blackbody (the sun.
A. 1x10^19 W, 12.9x10^6 m (earth, 0.33x10^6 m (sun)
B. 2x10^17 W, 10.1x10^6 m (earth, 0.48x10^6 m (sun)
C. 4x10^16 W, 15.5x10^6 m (earth, 0.57x10^6 m (sun)
D. 3x10^15 W, 13.6x10^6 m (earth, 0.20x10^6 m (sun)

45. The density of acetylene gas, in a 4-L container at 0 degC

and 2 atm pressure is 0.02 g/mL. What would be the density
of the gas under identical temperature and pressure if the
container were partitioned into two 2-L compartments?
A. 0.03 g/mL C. 0.01 g/mL
B. 0.04 g/mL D. 0.02 g/mL

46. In the combustion of 25 grams of methane gas, what is the

volume of oxygen required at 25 deg C and 0.21 atm?
A. 411 C. 363
b. 298 d. 521

47. Determine which of the following will float or sink in water:

balsa wood, ethylene, glycol, table salt, ethanol
A. float, float, float. float
B. float, sink, sink. float
C. sink, float, sink. float
D. sink, sink, sink. sink

48. Uranium-235 undergoes a series of alpha particle and beta

particle productions to end up as lead-207. How many alpha
particles and beta particles are produced in the complete
decay series?
A. 6, 3 C. 5, 5
B. 8, 6 D. 7, 4

49. Naturally occurring uranium is composed mostly of 238U and

235U, with relative abundances of 99.28% and 0.72%,
respectively. The half-life for 238U is 4.5x109 years, and
the half-life for 235U is 7.1x108 years. Assuming that the
earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago, calculate the
relative abundances of the 238U and 235U isotopes when the
earth was formed.
A. 77% and 23% C. 48% and 52%
B. 64% and 36% D. 82% and 18%
50. The sun radiates 3.9x 1023 J of energy into space every
second. What is the rate at which mass is lost from the sun?
A. 1.9x106 kg/s C. 2.8x106 kg/s
6
B. 4.3x10 kg/s D. 3.5x106 kg/s

51. Chlorine gas was first prepared in 1774 by C. W. Scheele by

oxidizing sodium chloride with manganese(IV) oxide. The
reaction is
NaCl(aq) + H2SO4(aq) + MnO2(s)
--> Na2SO4(aq) + MnCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
A. 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 C. 1, 4, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1
B. 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3 D. 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, 2, 2

52. Boron-10, an effective absorber of neutrons, is used in

control rods of uranium-235 fission reactors to absorb
neutrons and thereby control the rate of reaction. Boron-10
absorbs a neutron and then emits an a particle. Write a
balanced equation for this nuclear reaction and identify the
nucleus formed as an intermediate between boron-10 and the
final nuclear product.
A. Li C. Ca
B. Be D. Na

53. The mass of a proton is 1.67 3 10224 g. The mass of a grain

of salt is 1.0 3 1022 g. How many protons would it take to
have the same mass as a grain
of salt?
A. 7x1022 protons C. 5x1021 protons
21
B. 1x10 protons D. 6x1021 protons

54. Using the data given below:

Calculate the DO concentration just mixing
Oz WWTP Effluent Babbling Run
Flow, m^3/s 0.36 4.8
Ultimate BOD at 20degC, 27 1.35
mg/L
DO, mg/L 0.9 8.5

A. 6 mg/L C. 8 mg/L
B. 5 mg/L D. 7 mg/L

55. How many moles of beryllium would 43.1 pure aquamarine

contain?
A. 3.2x10^3 C. 1.1x10^2
B. 4.53 D. 5.38x10^3

56. Suppose 50.0 mg of potassium-45, a beta emitter, was isolated

in pure form. After one hour, only 3.1 mg of the radioactive
material was left. What is the half-life of potassium-45?
A. 15 min C. 10 min
B. 7.5 min D. 13.6 min

57. A magnesium hydroxide solution is prepared by adding 10.00

g of magnesium hydroxide to a volumetric flask and bringing
the final volume to 1.00 L by adding water buffered at a pH
of 7.0. What is the concentration of magnesium in this
solution? (Assume that the temperature is 25degC and the
ionic strength is negligible).
A. 0.17 M C. 0.22 M
B. 0.26 M D. 0.19 M
58. Answer the following questions
Is H+ (aq) capable of oxidizing Cu(s) to Cu2+ (aq)?
Is Fe3+ (aq) capable of oxidizing I- (aq)?
Is H2 (g) capable of oxidizing Ag+ (aq)?
A. yes, yes, yes C. no, yes, yes
B. yes, no, no D. no, no, no

59. Determine whether TRUE or FALSE about the constitutional

isomer.
A.) They have the same molecular formula
B.) They have the same molecular weight
C.) They have the same connectivity to their atoms
D.) They have the same physical properties
A. T; F; F; F C. F; T; T; T
B. T; T; F; F D. F; F; T; T

60. Suppose you obtain a sample of barium 122 weighing 10.0 g

and it takes 10 minutes to set up an experiment. How many
grams of Barium – 122 will remain at the point when you begin
the experiment?
A. 1.5 g C. 2.1 g
B. 0.31 g D. 4.0 g

61. Number of double bonds in geraniol

A. 3 C. 0
B. 1 D. 2

62. Explain the differences in structure between a saturated

hydrocarbon from an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
A. Any of these
B. A saturated hydrocarbons contains only carbon-carbon
single bonds, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one
or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.
C. A saturated hydrocarbon is used mainly in cheaper forms
of gasoline for vehicle use, while unsaturated hydrocarbons
composed most of the gasoline formulas, used by current
gasoline manufacturers.
D. A saturated hydrocarbon can no longer accept any
hydrocarbon or inorganic element and compound, while an
unsaturated hydrocarbon is more of flexible in reaction
mechanisms.

63. Calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid that will be

needed to form 65 grams of calcium sulfate calcium carbonate?
A. 2.560 C. 3.243
B. 0.480 D. 1.665

64. A 1.60-g sample of a mixture of naphthalene and anthracene

is dissolved in 20.0 g benzene. The freezing point of the
solution is 2.810C. What is the composition as mass percent
of the sample mixture?
A. 44% naphthalene C. 36% naphthalene
B. 60% naphthalene D. 57% naphthalene
65. Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
a) For all adiabatic processes, the entropy change of the system
must be zero
b) For one component system, it is possible for two phases in
equilibrium to have different chemical potentials.
c) The change in Gibb’s free energy can be negative for a cyclic
process.
d) A condition for equilibrium is that(∆A) T, F =0
A. T, T, T, T C. T, F, T, F
B. F, T, F, T D. F, F, F, F

66. Calculate the entropy change if 350 g of water at 50C is mixed

with 500 g of water at 700C.
A. 3.33 eu C. 5.05 eu
B. 6.67 eu D. 4.49 eu

67. Are the following processes exothermic or endothermic?

a) When solid KBr is dissolved in water, the solution gets colder.
b) Natural gas (CH4) is burned in a furnace.
c) When concentrated H2SO4 is added to water, the solution gets
very hot.
d) Water is boiled in a teakettle.
A. exothermic, exothermic, endothermic, endothermic
B. endothermic, exothermic, endothermic, endothermic
C. exothermic, exothermic, exothermic, endothermic
D. endothermic, exothermic, exothermic, endothermic
68. Determine the molecular weights of glucose and urea respectively.
A. 180 amu; 60 amu C. 120 amu; 72 amu
B. 84 amu; 38 amu D. 96 amu; 36 amu

69. Balancing C2H5SH + O2 → CO2 + H20 + SO

A. 1, 8, 4, 5, 1 C. 2, 7, 4, 4, 2
B. 2, 9, 4, 6, 2 D. 1, 5, 4,3, 1

70. Notation on alkane containing Cl

A. chloro C. chlorate
B. chloride D. chloric

71. What will happen to ice at 0°C if the pressure decreases from 1
atm to
0.001 atm?
A. it becomes vapor C. it becomes liquid
B. it remains solid D. both a and c are possible

72. The mass percent of carbon in a typical human is 18%, and the
mass percent of 14C in natural carbon is 1.6x 10-10%. Assuming a
180-lb person, how many decay events per second occur in this
person due exclusively to the beta particle decay of 14C.
A. 3800 decay per s C. 4500 decay/s
B. 1900 decay per s D. 2700 decay/s

Page 10 of 16
73. The heat of combustion of methane, the major component of natural
gas, is 213 kcal/mol. The heat of combustion of propane, the major
component
of LPG or bottled gas, is 530 kcal/mol. On a kcal/mol basis, which
of these two fuels is the better source of heat energy? On a
kcal/g basis, which of these two fuels is the better source of
heat energy?
A. propane, propane C. propane, methane
B. methane, propane D. methane, methane

74. Calculate the ultimate BOD in ppm and k in /day.

Time (days) BOD (mg/L)

2 10
4 16
6 20

A. 33 ppm, 0.15/d C. 27 ppm, 0.23/d

B. 20 ppm, 0.21/d D. 35 pmm, 0.18/d

75. In year 2, the farmer plans to plant soybeans. No manure is to be

applied during this crop year. The soybean is a legume and can
fix adequate atmospheric nitrogen to produce the desired yield of
soybeans. Additional nitrogen fertilizer does not produce
significant yield increases. Soybeans require 50 kg N –(hectare)-
1, 35 kg P -(hectare) −1, and 225 kg K - (hectare)−1 according to

the local extension agent. Estimate the remaining phosphorus after

the corn is harvested. The corn crop from year 1 would have removed 52
kg of P2O5 – hectare-1 and 38 kg of K2O - hectare−1.
A. 48.5 kg / hectare C. 36.9 kg / hectare
B. 77.3 kg / hectare D. 50.7 kg / hectare

76. A deer eats 25 kg of herbaceous material per day. The herbaceous

matter is approximately 20% dry matter (DM) and has an energy
content of 10 MJ · (kg DM)−1. Of the total energy ingested per
day, 25% is excreted as undigested material. Of the 75% that is
digested, 80% is lost to metabolic waste products and heat. The
remaining 20% is converted to body tissue. Calculate the
percentage of energy consumed that is converted to body tissue.
A. 15% C. 19%
B. 20% D. 24%

77. The discharge pipe from a sump pump in the dry well of a sewage
lift station did not drain properly and the water at the discharge
end of the pipe froze. A hole has been drilled into the ice and
a 200-W electric heater has been inserted in the hole. If the
discharge pipe contains 2 kg of ice, how long will it take to
melt the ice? Assume all the heat goes into melting the ice.
A. 39 min C. 56 min
B. 68 min D. 43 min

Page 11 of 16
78. A contaminated soil is to be excavated and treated in a completely
mixed aerated lagoon at a Superfund site. To determine the time
it will take to treat the contaminated soil, a laboratory
completely mixed batch reactor is used to gather the following
data. Determine the time to achieve 99% reduction in the original
concentration.

Time (d) Waste Concentration

(mg/L)
1 280
16 132

A. 92 days C. 36 days
B. 48 days D. 75 days

79. Mr. and Mrs. Konzzumer have no children. In an average week they
purchase and bring into their house approximately 50 kg of
consumer goods (food, magazines, newspapers, appliances,
furniture, and associated packaging). Of this amount, 50% is
consumed as food. Half of the food is used for biological
maintenance and ultimately released as CO2; the remainder is
discharged to the sewer system. The Konzzumers recycle
approximately 25% of the solid waste that is generated.
Approximately 1 kg accumulates in the house. Estimate the amount
of solid waste they place at the curb each week.
A. 22 kg C. 25 kg
B. 18 kg D. 12 kg

80. The following data was obtained for an enzymatic reaction.

Determine vmax and Km.

Initial Substrate
Vo (micro gram /h)
Concentration (mM)
0.5 40
1.0 75
2.0 139
3.0 179
4.0 213
6.0 255
7.5 280
10.0 313
15.0 350

A. 186x10-6 g/h, 5.36 mN C. 526x10-6 g/h, 6.05 mM

B. 409x10-6 g/h, 8.49 mN D. 367x10-6 g/h, 2.14 mN

Page 12 of 16
81. An environmental engineering student was very interested in the
reaction of the chemical 2,4,6-chickenwire. She went into the lab
and found that 2,4,6-chickenwire degrades in water. During her
experiments she collected the data in the following table.
Determine if the reaction is zero-, first-, second-, third-order
with respect to the concentration of 2,4,6-chickenwire.

Time, Concentration, Time, Concentration,

min mg/L min mg/L
0 10.0 10 5.46
1 8.56 20 4.23
2 8.14 40 1.26
4 6.96 880 0.218
8 6.77

A. zero C. second
B. first D. third

82. If a wastewater has a soluble orthophosphate concentration of

4.00 mg · L−1 as P, what theoretical amount of ferric chloride
will be required to remove it completely?
A. 45 mg/L C. 21 mg/L
B. 33 mg/L D. 17 mg/L

83. If a particle having a 0.0170-cm radius and density of 1.95 g cm−3

is allowed to fall into quiescent water having a temperature of
4◦C, what will be the terminal settling velocity? Assume the
density of water = 1000 kg · m−3. Assume Stokes’ law applies.

A. 8.44 x10-2 m/s C. 1.09 x10-2 m/s

B. 5.97 x10-2 m/s D. 3.82 x10-2 m/s

84. Given the following temperature and elevation data, determine the
stability of the atmosphere.

Elevation, m Temperature, 0C

2 14.35
324 11.13

A. stable C. inversion
B. neutral D. unstable

85. A power plant in a college town is burning coal on a cold, clear

winter morning at 8:00 A.M. with a wind speed of 2.6 m·s−1 measured
at 30 m elevation and an inversion layer with its base at a height
of 697 m. The effective stack height is 30 m. Calculate the
distance downwind XL at which the plume released will reach the
inversion layer and begin to mix downward.
A. 7.9 km C. 5.8 km
B. 4.3 km D. 6.1 km

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86. Define the relationship between the number of electrons in the
valence shell and the number of covalent bonds it forms; a)
carbon, b) nitrogen, c) oxygen, and d) hydrogen:
A. C = 4 electrons; 4 bonds
N = 5 electrons; 3 bonds
O = 6 electrons; 2 bonds
H = 2 electrons; 2 bonds
B. C = 5 electrons 2 bonds
N = 6 electrons: 4 bonds
O = 3 electrons; 1 bond
H = 2 electrons; 3 bonds
C. C = 6 electrons; 13 bonds
N = 4 electrons; 2 bonds
O = 2 electrons; 1 bond
H = 2 electrons; 1 bond
D. C = 2 electrons; 4 bonds
N= 3 electrons; 3 bonds
O = 2 electrons; 2 bonds
H = 4 electrons; 3 bonds

87. A magician rotates a pail of water in a vertical circle with a

radius of 0.50 meter amazes the audience because no water spilled
out. What is the minimum speed at which no water will spill out?
A. 3.13 m/sec/2 C. 7.2 m/sec2
B. 1.23 m/sec/2 D. 6.4 m/sec2

88. A chemical engineering professor recorded her household waste

generation as shown below. If a container volume is 0.076 cubic
meter, what is the average density of the solid waste produced
the household. Each empty container has a mass of 3.61 kilograms.
Date Can Number Gross mass, kg
container and solid)
3/20/2020 1 7.25
2 7.75
3/28/2020 1 10.90
2 8.20
3 7.30
4/10/2020 1 6.40
2 8.23
3 8.65

A. 58.50 kg/cu. m C. 75.21 kg/cu. m

B. 66.32 kg/cu. m D. 49.87 kg/cu. m

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89. Fatty acid such as lauric acid and palmitic acid and oleic acid
are long unbranched carboxylic acids consisting of 12 to 20 carbon
atoms. Which type of fatty acid should people avoid ingesting,
saturated or unsaturated and why?
A. Saturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is
increased.
B. Fatty acids are safe to ingest.
C. Unsaturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is
increased.
D. Both fatty acids, because the risk of cardiovascular disease
is increased.

90. We heat 50.0 g of an unknown substance by adding 205 cal, and its
temperature rises by 7.0°C. Identify the substance.
A. water C. benzene
B. ethanol D. acetic acid

91. 40 mL of an acetic acid solution of unknown concentration is

titrated with 0.10 M NaOH. After 20 mL of the base solution has
been added, the measured pH in the titration flask is 5.10. What
was the concentration of the initial acid solution?
A.0.03 M C. 0.09 M
B.0.07 M D. 0.05 M

92. In electrochemistry, specific conductance is defined as (1000/N)x

K, where N is the normality of the salt solution and K is the
specific conductance, current is carried by oth anions and cation
to a different degree. Thus the equivalence of a salt is the sum
of the ionic conductances of the cation and anion. If the ionic
conductance of Na+ is 50.1 and that chloride is 76.3 what is the
estimated concentration of NaCl in mg/L? The specific conductance
of NaCl is 125 x 106.
A. 49 C. 29
B. 58 D. 38

93. What is the pH at the equivalence point for titration of 30 mL of

a 0.20 M C6H5OOH solution with 0.30 M KOH (Ka of C6H5COOH is
6.5x10-5?
A. 9.12 C. 7.56
B. 8.63 D. 6.39

94. Patients undergoing an upper gastrointestinal tract laboratory

test are typically given an X-ray contrast agent that aids with
the radiologic imaging of the anatomy. One such contrast agent is
sodium diatrizoate, a nonvolatile water-soluble compound. A
0.378-m solution is prepared by dissolving 38.4 g sodium
diatrizoate (NaDTZ) in 1.60 x10^2 mL water at 31.2degC (the
density of water at 31.2 degC is 0.995 g/cm3. What is the molar
mass of sodium diatrizoate?
A. 715 g/mol C. 584 g/mol
B. 639 g/mol D. 450 g/mol

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95. Do isotopes of the heavy elements (for example, those from atomic
number 37 to 53) contain more, the same, or fewer neutrons than
protons?
A. more C. fewer
B. same D. none of these

96. In Japan, high-speed “bullet trains” move with an average speed

of 220 km/h. If Dallas and Los Angeles were connected by such a
train, how long would it take to travel nonstop between these
cities (a distance of 1490 miles)?
A. 11.7 hours C. 15.6 hours
B. 14.2 hours D. 10.9 hours

97. The purpose of control rods in a fission reactor is to:

A. cool down the reactor fuel.
B. prevent oxygen from reaching the fuel.
C. absorb neutrons generated in the fission process.
D. absorb electrons emitted in the fission process.

98. An aqueous solution of an unknown salt of ruthenium is

electrolyzed by a current of 2.50 A passing for 50.0 min. If
2.618 g Ru is produced at the cathode, what is the charge on the
ruthenium ions in solution?
A. +3 C. +5
B. +4 D. +6

99. The design flow and overflow rates for a settling tank are 0.044
m3 · s−1 and 20 m · day−1, respectively. Determine the surface area
of this tank. Determine the length of the tank, using conventional
wisdom for length-to-width ratios. Determine the tank depth,
assuming a detention time of 2 hours.
A. 190 m2, 16 m and 1.7 m C. 150 m2, 15 m and 1.9 m
B. 220 m2, 10 m and 2.8 m D. 260 m2, 12 m and 2.3 m

100. A landfill that is 12 ha in area has a liner of thickness 0.9 m.

Each year 1700 m3 of leachate is collected. The hydraulic conductivity
of the liner is 3.9 × 10−10 m · s−1. What is the head of water above the
liner?
A. 2.33 m C. 1.04 m
B. 0.85 m D. 3.96 m

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