Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Vol. 1, No. 1, (2018)

ISSN 2651-6691 (Print)
ISSN 2651-6705 (Online)

Araling Panlipunan Skills Among Grade 10 Students

Jefferson Y. Guarin and Renato E. Salcedo, Ph.D.
Pangasinan State University Open University Systems
Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines

Abstract - This study determined the acquired skills of Grade 10 students in Araling Panlipunan for the
School Year 2016-2017. The descriptive-correlation design was used in the study. Purposive sampling was
utilized to select the respondents. A researcher-made questionnaire was the main data gathering instrument
which was subjected to content validity. Frequency counts, percentages and average weighted mean were
used for descriptive analysis. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) - Wilk’s Lambda and
Pearson rho were used to analyze the obtained data to support or reject the null hypothesis.
Results showed that Grade 10 learners are dominated by females, with both parents as mostly high school
graduates, mostly poor, and have very satisfactory average grade in Araling Panlipunan. The students have
below average acquisition in most of the skills in Araling Panlipunan, except for research skill. Students
encountered slightly serious problems in acquiring Araling Panlipunan skills. Moreover, the study showed
that there are differences in the acquisition of Araling panlipunan skills in sex, educational attainment of
parents, and average grades. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the problems
encountered by the learners and the level of other Araling Panlipunan skills, except for Communication
skill. Based from the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are recommended: interventions
and remediation must be conducted to further enhance the Araling Panlipunan skills of the students
particularly in the areas where they obtained low level of acquisition, teachers may conduct activities that
would call for developing the higher order thinking skills of the students, teachers and research enthusiasts
may come up with the same study with other variables, parents must check their monthly average income
in relation to the acquired skills in Araling Panlipunan of their children, schools must increase the number
of instructional materials in Araling Panlipunan and improve the Learning Resource Center and
performance tasks may be a focus of the study since the study only focuses on Content standards.

Keywords – acquisition, Araling Panlipunan skills,

INTRODUCTION controversial programs of the Aquino

administration. The program started in school
The program on Philippine education as year 2012-2013 for Grade 1 and Grade 7 (first
part of former President Benigno S. Aquino III’s year high school students) with the target of full
educational reform was the foundation of the K- implementation by SY 2018-2019.
12 educational plan. It took into consideration Appearing frequently in almost every
that adding two more years in the basic education field of education recently is the concept of skills,
could help work out the problems of which may be defined as “the ability to constantly
unemployment, keep with global standards, and sustain a certain level of achievement in any kind
help Filipino learners to have more time to decide of activity.” Since it is only via skills that
the career that best suits their skills. [1] information may be effectively transformed into
The enhanced K-12 program, the high-level behaviors, that information may
Department of Education’s (DepEd) proposal to become a part of students’ daily life, and that they
overhaul the basic and secondary education may make right decisions concerning major
curriculum by adding two more years to the issues in life, the skills most often found in the
system is arguably one of the most drastic and instructional programs of many countries, and

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the gradual application of these skills develop analytic, evaluative, responsible,

across different grades. Enhancing the quality of productive, environment-friendly, patriotic, and
basic education in the Philippines is urgent and humane citizens who possess broad world
critical. perspective and values on historical and social
The poor quality of basic education is matters. [3]
reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino The teaching of Araling Panlipunan
students. Many students who finish basic education powerfully and authentically begins with a deep
do not possess sufficient mastery of basic knowledge and understanding of the subject and its
competencies. One reason is that students do not unique goals. Social studies programs prepare
get adequate instructional time or time on task. students to identify, understand, and work to solve
The assessment done by Trends in the challenges facing our diverse nation in an
International Mathematics and Science Study increasingly interdependent world. Education for
(TIMSS) concludes that the problem about the citizenship should help students acquire and learn
present curriculum in squeezing 12 years of basic to use the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that will
education into just 10 is that students are prepare them to be competent and responsible
overloaded with subjects which resulted to poor citizens throughout their lives. Competent and
quality of basic education as reflected in the low responsible citizens are informed and thoughtful,
achievement scores of Filipino students. participate in their communities, are involved
International tests results like 2003 TIMSS rank the politically, and exhibit moral and civic virtues. [4]
Philippines 34th out of 38 countries in HS II Math Problems arise in the teaching of Araling
and 43rd out of 46 countries in HS II Science; for Panlipunan subject, for instance the acquisition of
grade 4, the Philippines ranked 23rd out of 25 skills in a certain topic or lesson. It is important that
participating countries in both Math and Science. Araling Panlipunan teachers learn to teach social
In 2008, even with only the science high schools studies standards to both special needs and general
participating in the Advanced Mathematics learners. However, there is no single technique,
category, the Philippines was ranked lowest. This approach or strategy that will accomplish this
quality of education is reflected in the inadequate because of the complex nature of the Araling
preparation of high school graduates for the world Panlipunan. The complexity rests in the diverse
of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. nature of the Araling Panlipunan, the wide variety
[2] of Araling Panlipunan teachers, the range of
The Araling Panlipunan curriculum is learning problems held by learners who are in
anchored on the aspirations of the Education for All Araling Panlipunan classrooms, and the many
2015 and K-12 Philippine Basic Education differences among the social studies standards
Curriculum Framework. These aim to gain 21st themselves. However, general areas of advice can
Century skills and developed learners who are be offered to point teachers in the right direction.
functionally literate and developed Filipino. In [5]
general, the Social Studies Curriculum aims to

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study aimed to determine the Araling On the other hand, correlation design
Panlipunan skills of Grade 10 students. attempted to determine whether and to what degree
Specifically, it sought to answer the following a relationship exists between two or more
problems: the profile of the respondents in terms of quantifiable variables.
sex, parent’s educational attainment, family The respondents of the study were the
income, average grades in Araling Panlipunan in Grade 10 students of Domalandan Center
Grades 7 to 10; level of skills in the Araling Integrated School in Lingayen and Benigno V.
Panlipunan components in terms of adherence to Aldana National High School in Pozorrubio; both
ethical standards (pagtupad sa mga pamantayang schools are located in the province of Pangasinan.
pang-etika), research (pananaliksik), investigation They were currently enrolled in the School Year
(pagsisiyasat), communication (komunikasyon), 2016-2017 when the study was conducted. There
and analysis and interpretation of data and were 45 Grade 10 Students of Domalandan Center
information (pagsusuri at interpretasyon ng datos Integrated School and 250 students of Benigno V.
at impormasyon); significant difference on the Aldana National High School for a total of 295
acquired Araling Panlipunan skills across their respondents.
profile; and significant relationship between the The researcher utilized purposive sampling
acquired Araling Panlipunan skills across problems in the study. Purposive sampling is a non-
encountered by the respondents. probability sampling method that occurs when
“elements selected for the sample are chosen by the
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES judgment of the researcher. [8]
The following null hypotheses of the study The researcher used researcher-made
were tested in 0.05 level of confidence: no questionnaires to obtain the needed data regarding
significant difference in the level of acquired skills the study. The first part dealt on the respondents’
of the respondents across their profile; and no profile in terms of sex, educational attainment of
significant relationship between the problems parents, average family income and general
encountered by the students and the level of average in Araling Panlipunan 7 to 10. The second
acquired skills. part was a two-part, 50-point situational text with a
combination of multiple choice type of test,
MATERIALS AND METHODS identification, and essay that dealt on the Araling
Panlipunan skills acquired by the respondents from
The descriptive-correlation design was the components namely: Araling Asyano and
used in the study. Descriptive research can be Kasaysayan ng Daigdig, and Ekonomiks. A
explained as a statement of affairs as they are at maximum of five points were given for each
present with the researcher having no control over component which corresponds to the different
variable. Moreover, “descriptive research may be Araling Panlipunan macro skills, namely: (1)
characterized as simply the attempt to determine, Adherence to Ethical Standards (Pagtupad sa mga
describe or identify what is, while analytical pamantayang pang-etika), (2) Research
research attempts to establish why it is that way or (Pananaliksik), (3) Investigation (Pagsisiyasat),
how it came to be.” [6] (4) Communication (Komunikasyon), and (5)
Moreover, descriptive research as “aimed Analysis and Interpretation of Data and
at casting light on current issues or problems Information (Pagsusuri at interpretasyon ng datos
through a process of data collection that enables at impormasyon). Scoring was aided with rubrics
them to describe the situation more completely unique for each skills.
than was possible without employing this method.” The third part dealt on the degree of
[7] seriousness on the problems encountered in
acquiring Araling Panlipunan skills.

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The questionnaire was subjected to content there are 598,247 male learners and 662,661 female
validity by the experts in the Araling Panlipunan learners enrolled in the School Year 2015-2016.
program. Content Validity determined the extent to The table shows that most of the fathers of
which the content or topic of the questionnaire is the respondents were high school graduates with a
truly representative of the content of the main idea. frequency of 97 or 32.9 percent followed closely by
A Master teacher from Pangasinan National High college graduates with a frequency of 96 or 32.5
School, Araling Panlipunan Education Program percent while none of the respondents’ fathers were
Specialist I, and Social Studies Instructor from Masters Graduates, Ph.D./Ed.D. Unit earners and
PSU were involved in validating the questionnaire Ph.D./Ed.D. Graduates. The table also shows that
and were not part of the defense panel. most of the mothers of the respondents were high
In the statistical treatment of data: for school graduates with a frequency of 90 or 30.5
problem number 1, on the profile of the percent which topped the list while none of the
respondents, the frequency counts and percentage respondents’ mothers were Ph.D./Ed.D. Unit
distribution were employed; for problem number 2, earners and Ph.D./Ed.D. graduates. This shows that
frequency distribution was utilized and were based most of the respondents’ parents were high school
on the student’s score on each item in the graduates. This is supported by the findings of Cas
researcher-made test; for problem number 3, on the that majority of the respondents’ parents were high
degree of seriousness of problems encountered by school graduates. [9]
respondents on the acquisition of Araling The same table shows that the monthly
Panlipunan skills, these were computed through income bracket of below 5000 with a frequency of
frequency and ranking and average weighted mean; 117 or 39.7 percent topped the list while the least
for problem number 4, the significant difference of monthly income bracket of P25, 000 and above
the acquired Araling Panlipunan skills across the obtained a frequency of 14 or 4.7 percent.This
profile, variables were determined using the denotes that most of the respondents are
Multivariate Analysis of Variance – Wilk’s categorized as poor, as evidenced by the number of
Lambda; and lastly for problem number 5, on the parents who have monthly salary less than the
significant relationship between acquired Araling official poverty threshold income of Filipinos
Panlipunan skills across the problems encountered amounting to P7,895.00 according to the 2016
by respondents, the Spearman-rho was used and Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FEIS
tested at the 0.05 level of significance. This was 2016) of the Philippine Statistics Authority. [10]
used to accept or reject the hypotheses posted in the The table also shows that the grade bracket
study. of 85-89 with a frequency of 119 or 40.3 percent
topped the list while only 9 or 3.1 percent got 75-
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 79. It is also noted that none of the respondents got
a grade bracket of below 75. Findings suggest that
Table 1 shows that there is a frequency of most of the students possess relatively very
183 or 62 percent for the female respondents. It satisfactory average ratings in their Grades 7 to 10
also shows that the male respondents got a Araling Panlipunan subject as described in the
frequency of 112 or 38 percent. The findings could Department of Education Order No. 8 series of
be attributed to the fact that the female populace is 2015 entitled Policy Guidelines on Classroom
higher than males and that the number of females Assessment for the K to 12 Basic Education
entering school is higher than males. This is Program which provide the grading scale and
supported by the latest data of the Department of descriptors achieved by the learners per quarter and
Education on the total enrollment of Grade 10 grade level.
students in public secondary schools as reported by
School Heads in the Enhanced Basic Education
Information System (EBEIS) which shows that

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Table 2.a shows the frequency Students develop many skills as a result
distribution on the level of acquired skills of of studying ethics in high school. This study gives
Araling Panlipunan in terms of Araling Asyano students the opportunity to explore and evaluate
and Kasaysayan ng Daigdig. The shows that most different opinions and compare them to their
of the respondents in Araling Asyano and own. It promotes critical thought, which is
Kasaysayan ng Daigdig got fair level of skill with beneficial to practice before making any decision.
a frequency distribution of 114 or 38.6 percent Critically thinking about situations also can
and least of the respondents got excellent with a prevent students from blindly following others
frequency distribution of 12 or 4.1 percent for without considering alternative options.
adherence to ethical standards. The findings Table 2.a also shows the frequency
entail the need to strengthen the skill of the distribution on the level of skills of Araling
respondents in terms of adherence to ethical Panlipunan in Araling Asyano and Kasaysayan
standards as what Guimba emphasized that Social ng Daigdig in terms of research. This shows that
Studies must teach how people live, learn about majority of the respondents in Araling Asyano
important events in history and about the rights and Kasaysayan ng Daigdig got very good level
and responsibilities of the citizens. [11] of skill with a frequency distribution of 152 or

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51.5 percent and only 5 or 1.7 percent of the The results may be attributed to the many
respondents got a poor level of skill. activities and inherent segments in the Araling
The result implies that the students have Panlipunan module that were not doable or
acquired research skills along their course of needed improvements. [14] The poor level of
studying Araling Panlipunan from Grades 7 to 10. skill of the students may be attributed to the
However, students are only exposed to limited insufficiency of instructional materials like maps,
strategies imploring research in Araling Asyano globes and books.
and Kasaysayan ng Daigdig. An issue will be Moreover, the same table shows that
presented and students will give their reactions most of the respondents in Araling Asyano and
concerning the problem and because of the Kasaysayan ng Daigdig got a fair level of
advent of modern technology, students tend to acquired skill with a frequency distribution of
copy researches online. The very good level of 142 or 48.1 percent. None of the respondents got
skill acquired by the students may be attributed very good to excellent level of skill. The findings
this. For instance, the study of Sisti indicate that imply the need to improve the communication
students are more easily able to justify copy– skills of the respondents.This is supported by the
paste plagiarism for a variety of reasons that findings of Lasala which shows that the
mirror justifications of other forms of participants have manifested low level
conventional plagiarism. [12] Most students communication skills in all of the communication
indicated they would never purchase a paper for dimensions. [15]
reasons ranging from fear of getting caught to In addition, the table portrays that most
more principled and nuanced ethical claims. of the respondents in Araling Asyano and
Furthermore, the study of Purcell that Kasaysayan ng Daigdig got a poor level of skill
despite the overall perception that the internet and with a frequency distribution of 147 or 49.8
digital technologies have a “mostly positive” percent followed closely by a fair level of skill
impact on students’ research habits, in most cases with frequency distribution of 144 or 48.8
the teachers surveyed rate the specific research percent. It also shows that none of the
skills of their students “good” or “fair.” Very few respondents got very good and excellent level of
teachers rate their students “excellent” on any of skill.
the research skills asked about in the survey. [13] The result implies the need to strengthen
Table 2.a also represents the frequency the analysis and interpretation of data skill of the
distribution on the level of skills of Araling respondents as what Purcell stated that today’s
Panlipunan in Araling Asyano and Kasaysayan students are not skilled enough at thinking
ng Daigdig in terms of investigation. This shows critically about or synthesizing the information
that most of the respondents in Araling Asyano they find online. [16]
and Kasaysayan ng Daigdig have poor level of
skill in investigation with a frequency distribution
of 93 or 31.5 percent while only 19 or 6.4 percent
of the respondents got very good level of skill.

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The table represents the frequency respondents got an excellent level of skill with a
distribution on the level of skills of Araling frequency distribution of 118 or 40 percent and
Panlipunan in Ekonomiks in terms of adherence to only 9 or 3.05 percent of the respondents got a poor
ethical standards. This shows most of the level of skill. The result implies that the students
respondents got fair level of skill with a frequency have acquired research skills along their course of
distribution of 110 or 37.3 percent while only 3 or studying Araling Panlipunan from Grades 7 to 10.
1 percent of the respondents got excellent skill. The study of Sisti indicate that students are more
This shows that in both components, most of the easily able to justify copy–paste plagiarism for a
respondents have relatively fair acquisition of variety of reasons that mirror justifications of other
Araling Panlipunan skills in terms of Adherence to forms of conventional plagiarism. Most students
Ethical Standards. The findings entail the need to indicated they would never purchase a paper for
strengthen the skill of the respondents in terms of reasons ranging from fear of getting caught to more
adherence to ethical standards as what Guimba principled and nuanced ethical claims. [18]
emphasized that Social Studies must teach how Table 2.b also represents the frequency
people live, learn about important events in history distribution on the level of skills of Araling
and about the rights and responsibilities of the Panlipunan in Ekonomiks in terms of
citizens. [17] investigation.This shows most of the respondents
Table 2.b also shows the frequency got poor level of skill with a frequency distribution
distribution on the level of skills of Araling of 132 or 44.8 percent and only 2 or 0.7 percent of
Panlipunan in Ekonomiks in terms of Research. the respondents got an excellent level of skill in
This shows that in Ekonomiks, most of the investigation. The result implies the need to

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improve the investigation skills of the respondents. level of skill. This is supported by the findings of
This may be attributed to the many activities and Lasala which shows that the participants have
inherent segments in the Araling Panlipunan manifested low level communication skills in all of
module that were not doable or needed the communication dimensions. [20]
improvements. [19] Moreover, the table reveals that most of the
The same table shows that in Ekonomiks, respondents got a poor level of skill as shown by
most of the respondents got fair level of skill with the frequency of 183 or 62 percent while none of
a frequency distribution of 146 or 49.5 percent, and the respondents got very good and excellent level
none of the respondents got very good to excellent of skill.

Table 3 showcases the difference in the Further, Table 3 presents the difference in
level of Araling Panlipunan skills of Grade 10 the levels of Araling Panlipunan skills of Grade 10
students in terms of sex. Using Multivariate students in terms of family income. This denotes a
Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) -Wilk’s 0.609 level of significance that is above the set
Lambda, the table shows a 0.043 level of level of significance at 0.05 which shows that there
significance. This is below the set level of is no significant difference between the Araling
significance of 0.05 which means that there is a Panlipunan skills of the respondents and their
significant difference between the Araling family income. Thus, the null hypothesis is not
Panlipunan skills of the respondents and their sex. rejected.
Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected. Table 4 also shows the difference in the
The same table reveals the difference in the level of Araling Panlipunan skills of Grade 10
level of Araling Panlipunan skills of Grade 10 Students in terms of average grades in Araling
students in terms of parent’s educational Panlipunan. The table shows 0.000 level of
attainment. The table shows that the educational significance using Multivariate Analysis of
attainment of the respondents’ fathers obtained a Variance (MANOVA) -Wilk’s Lambda that is
0.000 level of significance while the educational below the set level of significance at 0.05 which
attainment of the respondents’ mothers obtained a means that there is a significant difference between
0.001 level of significance. Both obtained a level the Araling Panlipunan skills and the average
of significance which is highly significant at 0.001 grades in Araling Panlipunan. Therefore, the null
which denotes that there is a significant difference hypothesis is rejected.
between the Araling Panlipunan skills of the
respondents and the parents’ educational
attainment. Therefore, the null hypothesis is
rejected.

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significance. Thus, the null hypothesis is not

Table 4 illustrates the relationship rejected. The r-value of 0.080 indicates a positive
between the problems encountered by the relationship and the positive sign shows that the
respondents in terms of adherence to ethical relationship is positive. This means that the
standards. There is no significant relationship higher the level of knowledge and understanding
between adherence to ethical standards and of the skill, the lower is the degree of seriousness
problems encountered by the students as shown of the problems encountered.
by the significance value of 0.709 which is higher The table also reveals that the
than the set 0.05 level of significance. Thus the relationship between the problems encountered
null hypothesis is not rejected. The r-value of - by the respondents in terms of communication. A
0.022 indicates a low negative relationship which significant relationship between communication
means that the higher the level of knowledge and skill and problems encountered by the students
understanding of the skill, the lower is the degree was revealed as shown by the significance value
of seriousness of the problems encountered. of .023 which is lower than 0.05 level of
Moreover, the relationship between the significance. Thus the null hypothesis is rejected.
problems encountered by the respondents in The r-value of -.132 indicates a low negative
terms of research. This denotes that there is no relationship which shows that the higher the level
significant relationship between research skill of knowledge and understanding of the skill, the
and problems encountered by the students as lower is the degree of seriousness of the problems
shown by the significant value of 0.433 which is encountered.
higher than 0.05 level of significance. Thus the The table also shows the relationship
null hypothesis is not rejected. The r-value of - between the problems encountered by the
0.046 indicates a low negative which means that respondents in terms of analysis and
the higher the level of knowledge and interpretation of data that denotes no significant
understanding of the skill, the lower is the degree relationship between analysis and interpretation
of seriousness of the of data and problems encountered by the students
The table also shows the relationship as shown by the significant value of 0.582 which
between the problems encountered by the is higher than the set 0.05 level of significance.
respondents in terms of investigation. The result Thus, the null hypothesis is not rejected. The r-
shows that there is no significant relationship value of -0.032 indicates a negative which means
between research skill and problems encountered that the higher the level of knowledge and
by the students as shown by the significant value understanding of the skill, the lower is the degree
of 0.170 which is higher than the set 0.05 level of of seriousness of the problems encountered.

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION [2] “Educational System in the

Philippines- A Policy Paper”.
Based from the above findings of the https://www.academia.edu/1525
study, the following conclusions were drawn: on 168/K12_Educational_System_in_
the profile of the respondents, majority are females,
the_Philippines_-
with both parents as High School Graduates,
majority are largely considered Poor and have Very
_A_Policy_Paper).
Date retrieved: February 2014.
Satisfactory average in Araling Panlipunan; the
students acquired below average acquisition in
most of the skills in Araling Panlipunan except for [3] Department of Education K-12 Gabay
research skill; there is a need to increase the Pangkurikulum, 201.
number of instructional materials to be used by the
students to further improve their Araling [4] “The Teaching of Araling
Panlipunan skills; there were differences in the panlipunan in the Province of
acquisition of Araling panlipunan skills of the Tarlac”
respondents in sex, educational attainment of http://www.earchivetsu.com/adm
parents, and average grades; and there is no in/pdf/The_Teaching_of_Araling_
significant relationship between the problems Panlipunan_in_the_Province_of_T
encountered and the level of other Araling arlac.pdf).
Panlipunan skills except for Communication skill.
Based on these conclusions, the following [5] “Instruction/Strategies for
are hereby recommended: interventions and
Assessing the Social Studies
remediation must be conducted to further enhance
the Araling Panlipunan skills of the students Curriculum”.
particularly in the areas where they obtained low http://www.specialconnections.ku.
level of acquisition; teachers may conduct edu/?q=instruction/strategies_for
activities that would call for developing the higher _accessing_the_social_studies_cu
order thinking skills of the students; teachers and rriculum).
research enthusiasts may come up with the same
study with other variables; parents must check their
monthly average income in relation to the acquired [6] Ethridge, D.E. “Research
skills in Araling Panlipunan of their children; Methodology in Applied
schools must increase the number of instructional
materials in Araling Panlipunan and improve the Economics” John Wiley &Sons,
Learning Resource Center; and performance tasks p.24, 2004.
may be a focus of the study since the study only
focuses on Content standards. [7] Fox, W. & Bayat, M.S. “A Guide
to Managing Research” Juta
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[11] Guimba, Wardah D.,et.al. [16] Purcell Kristen, et.al.“Teaching

“Attitudes Related to Social Studies Research Skills in Today’s Digital
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2016 Marawi, 2016

[14] Macarandan, Rose Marie S. [19] Macarandan, Rose Marie S.

“Assessment of the Araling “Assessment of the Araling
Panlipunan Modules in the K- Panlipunan Modules in the K-
12 Curriculum: Enhanced 12 Curriculum: Enhanced
Instructional Instructional
Materials Development” Materials Development”
International Conference on International Conference on
Economics, Social Sciences and Economics, Social Sciences and
Languages (ICESL'14) ,Singapore, Languages (ICESL'14) ,Singapore,
2014 2014

[15] Lasala, Charita B. [20] Lasala, Charita B.

“Communicative Competence “Communicative Competence
of Secondary Senior Students: of Secondary Senior Students:
Language Instructional Pocket” Language Instructional Pocket”
Published Master’s Thesis. Published Master’s Thesis.
University of the Visayas, 2013. University of the Visayas, 2013.

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