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    Introduction and Types of Motion PDF

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    ballDISCOVERIES PHballDISCOVERIES
    Cams are mechanical devices used to convert rotary motion to linear or reciprocating motion. There are several types of cams including radial, cylindrical, and linear cams. Cam motions include uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniformly accelerated, and modified uniform velocity motions. The displacement of the cam follower is plotted on a displacement diagram to analyze and design cams and their motions.

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    Introduction and Types of Motion PDF

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    ballDISCOVERIES PHballDISCOVERIES
    55 views21 pages
    Cams are mechanical devices used to convert rotary motion to linear or reciprocating motion. There are several types of cams including radial, cylindrical, and linear cams. Cam motions include uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniformly accelerated, and modified uniform velocity motions. The displacement of the cam follower is plotted on a displacement diagram to analyze and design cams and their motions.

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    Cams are mechanical devices used to convert rotary motion to linear or reciprocating motion. There are several types of cams including radial, cylindrical, and linear cams. Cam motions include uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniformly accelerated, and modified uniform velocity motions. The displacement of the cam follower is plotted on a displacement diagram to analyze and design cams and their motions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views21 pages

    Introduction and Types of Motion PDF

    Uploaded by

    ballDISCOVERIES PHballDISCOVERIES
    Cams are mechanical devices used to convert rotary motion to linear or reciprocating motion. There are several types of cams including radial, cylindrical, and linear cams. Cam motions include uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniformly accelerated, and modified uniform velocity motions. The displacement of the cam follower is plotted on a displacement diagram to analyze and design cams and their motions.

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    Machine

    Elements II
    Cams
    ◼ Cam is a link having an irregular surface
    or groove that imparts motion to a follower
    ◼ Cams are very important and frequently
    occurring elements in many types of
    machines – especially AUTOMATIC
    MACHINES
    ◼ Cams are the heart of such automatic
    devices as automatic machine tools,
    record changers, mechanical calculators,
    cash registers, and many other devices.
    Types of Cams
    a) Radial Cam
    Follower c) Linear Cam
    Cam Follower
    Cam

    Follower

    Follower Cam

    Cam

    b) Cylindrical Cam
    d) Positive-action Cam
    (drum)
    Point Follower Roller Follower

    Flat face Follower


    Application of cam:
    example – internal
    combustion engine
    Motions Used for Cam followers
    ◼ The motion of the follower is of primary
    interest in the analysis of existing cams or
    in the design of new cams.
    ◼ It is easier to analyze the motion of cam
    followers if their motion is plotted as a
    graph often referred to as
    DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM
    Displacement Diagram

    Maximum
    follower
    Displacement

    30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 360°

    1 revolution (360°)
    (time, t)
    Motions that are most commonly
    used are:

    1. Uniform Velocity (straight line) motion – UVM


    2. Simple Harmonic Motion – SHM
    3. Uniformly Accelerated motion (Parabolic Motion) –
    UAM or PM
    4. Modified Uniform-Velocity Motion – MUVM
    a. Arc method – MUVM-Arc
    b. Uniform Acceleration Method – MUVM-UAM
    5. Cycloidal Motion – CM
    Uniform Velocity Motion (Straight
    Line Motion)
    If the follower is to move with uniform velocity, its
    displacement must be the same for equal units of time.
    5

    30° 60° 90° 120° 150°


    Its curve in the displacement diagram, therefore, is a
    STRAIGHT LINE
    Example 1:
    Lay out the displacement diagram for a cam follower that
    is to have the following motions:
    Dwell 30O (at rest)
    Rise 2 inches in 90O (uniform velocity)
    Dwell 30O
    Fall 2 inches in 60O (uniform velocity)
    Dwell 150O

    2"
    Displacement

    30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 360°
    Cam Rotation
    Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
    As a point moves around the circumference of a
    circle with a constant velocity, its projection on the
    diameter of the circle moves with simple harmonic motion.
    P5
    P5'

    P4 P4'

    P3 P3'

    P2 P2'

    P1 P1'
    How to plot in the displacement
    diagram?

    0° 30° 60° 90°


    Example 2:
    Lay out the displacement diagram for a cam follower that is to have the
    following motions:
    Rise 2 inches in 120O (SHM)
    Dwell 30O
    Fall 1 inch in 90O (SHM)
    Dwell 30O
    Fall 1 inch in 60O (SHM)
    Dwell 30O

    30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 360°
    Uniformly Accelerated Motion
    (Parabolic Motion)
    ➢ A motion of uniform or constant acceleration, often called
    parabolic motion because a graph of its equation ( s = at2 / 2 ) is
    a parabola.
    ➢ It is motion in which the displacement taking place in each
    successive interval of time proportional to the square of the time.
    0 Start (t = 0)
    s1 1 1 End of 1 time unit (t = 1)
    s2 3

    s3
    4 End of 2 time unit (t = 2) The figure at the left shows the
    displacement, s of a falling object
    5
    compares with arbitrary time units
    s4
    9 End of 3 time unit (t = 3)

    16 End of 4 time unit (t = 4)


    How to plot in the displacement diagram?
    First Method:

    30° 60° 90° 120°


    Second Method:

    4
    3
    2
    1

    1 2 3 4
    30° 60° 90° 120°
    Example 3:
    Layout the displacement diagram for a cam follower that is to have the
    following motions:
    Rise 2 inches in 120O (uniform acceleration and retarded motion)
    Dwell 30O
    Fall 1 inch in 90O (uniform acceleration and retarded motion)
    Dwell 30O
    Fall 1 inch in 90O (uniform acceleration and retarded motion)

    1
    4

    16 16

    1
    9 4

    4 16
    1
    30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 360°
    Modified Uniform Velocity Motion
    a) Arc Method:
    This method consists merely in introducing arcs at the beginning and
    at the end of the displacement period. The size of the arcs is
    arbitrary, but they are usually drawn with a radius equal to one half
    the displacement. The arcs are drawn first to an indefinite length then
    a straight line is drawn tangent to both arcs.

    s R
    R

    30° 60° 90° 120°


    b) Uniform Acceleration Method:
    This method consists in introducing short periods of uniform
    acceleration or deceleration at both ends of the displacement period.

    Uniform Uniform Uniform


    acceleration velocity deceleration

    1
    4

    16 9

    9 16

    4
    1
    30° 60° 90°
    Cycloidal Motion
    If a circle rolls along a straight line without slipping, a point on its
    circumference traces a curve that is called a cycloid.
    ➢ How to plot in the displacement diagram

    4 5 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180°


    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
    3 C 0
    Diameter = s / pi
    2 1

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